(Snirir  of 

tlirs,   L!ildred  Clemens  Lewis 


INDEX-GUIDE 

TO  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

WORLD'S  BEST  LITERATURE 

CHARLES   DUDLEY  WARNER 

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 


HAMILTON    WRIGHT    MABIE,  LUCIA    GILBERT    RUNKLE, 

GEORGE    H.  WARNER 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS 


PREPARED    BY 


EDWARD  C.   TOWNE,  B.A. 


NEW    YORK 
R.    S.     PEALE    AND    J.    A.     HILL 

'  PUBLISHERS 


Copyright  1899 
By  R.   S.   Peale  and  J.   A.   Hill 


All  rights   Reserved 


GffX 


iii  /^f^ 


PUBLISHERS'   PREFACE 


!he  Publishers  of  the  Charles  Dudley  Warner  Library  of  the 
World's  Best  Literature  have  no  more  gratifying  evidence 
of  popular  appreciation  than  the  suggestion  made  to  them 
from  many  quarters  that  readers  need  a  more  than  ordinary  indexical 
guide  to  the  use  of  a  work  so  vast  in  scope  and  so  rich  in  contents 
as  a  whole  Library  of  all  Literature. 

The  attempt  to  give  in  the  Library  not  only  a  great  variety  and 
an  immense  mass  of  good  reading,  but  a  full  story  as  well  of  fam- 
ous authors  and  of  notable  books,  has  resulted  in  a  comprehensive 
and  wonderfully  entertaining  history  of  human  culture,  to  the 
study  of  which  the  largest  school  ever  gathered  under  one  standard 
are  already  devoting  themselves. 

The  publication,  in  fact,  is  epoch-making,  not  only  in  the  variety, 
quality,  and  immense  amount  of  its  entertainment  for  readers,  but  in 
its  educational  value  for  every  class  of  students,  and  its  use  in  aid 
of  all  varieties  of  work  depending  upon  knowledge. 

The  Library  approves  itself  to  impartial  interest  as  a  Universal 
Text-Book,  adequately  representing  the  intellectual,  moral,  and  spirit- 
ual treasures  of  the  human  race,  and  not  less  as  a  mint  of  wealth 
for  every  need  of  workers  for  human  welfare  or  seekers  of  culture. 

Its  incalculable  service  to  home-study  and  self-culture  will  be 
appreciated  by  those  who  most  thoroughly  put  it  to  the  test  of  regular 
and  permanent  use.  It  is  the  book  of  a  life-time  and  of  complete 
culture.  With  it  alone  both  the  entertainment  and  the  improvement, 
for  which  whole  libraries  are  gathered,  are  provided,  in  both  amount 
and  variety  far  beyond  what  any  ordinary  library  would  supply. 
Year  after  year  for  any  course  of  years,  the  eager  student  or  the 
ordinary  reader  may  take  courses  of  acquisition  or  enjoyment,  as  in 
some  vast  university  whose  doors  never  close  and  whose  resources  of 
spiritual  ministry  are  never  exhausted.  ^^ 


M723y86 


iv  PUBLISHERS'  PREFACE 

The  work  of  teaching  in  all  its  grades,  of  moral  and  spiritual 
ministry  from  the  pulpit,  and  of  daily  supply  of  interest  through 
THE  PRESS, —  three  forms  of  the  labor  which  secures  the  progress  of 
mankind,  cannot  fail  to  find  in  the  Library  an  invaluable  dependence. 

The  TEACHER  who  will  make  it  a  constant  study;  the  preacher 
who  will  use  it  as  a  handbook  of  ideas  and  suggestions  and  illustra- 
tions; and  the  journalist  to  whom  it  is  a  resource  for  every  theme 
of  higher  interest,  will  find  incessant  satisfaction  in  help  given  by  it. 

But  a  difficulty,  no  doubt,  is  found,  not  only  by  the  mass  of 
readers,  but  by  the  student  and  the  scholar,  in  the  immense  amount 
and  variety  of  a  whole  Library  of  Literature.  It  is  that  of  finding 
what  one  wants  at  once  easily  and  certainly.  Here  are  brought 
together  all  the  nations  of  culture  and  all  the  varieties  of  literature, 
as  in  that  vast  mosque  of  Arab  Spain  whose  twelve  hundred  pillars 
make  a  wilderness  of  aisles  and  vistas. 

To  read  for  a  particular  purpose,  or  to  a  large  definite  result, 
requires  guidance  of  no  common  sort.  The  usual  index,  which 
answers  the  purpose  for  an  ordinary  book,  is  inadequate  for  a 
Library  of  all  books.  And  not  even  a  thoroughly  perfected  index 
will  anything  like  conduct  the  inquirer  along  the  numberless  lines 
and  through  the  countless  points  of  interest  of  the  whole  record  of 
human  culture.  A  combination  of  expedients  has  seemed  necessary, 
and  has  been  provided. 

The  fundamental  feature  of  this  combination,  designed  to  make 
the  Library  complete  within  itself,  is  a  Comprehensive  Analytical 
AND  Critical  Index,  designed  to  show  as  completely,  clearly,  and 
accurately  as  possible  what  the  contents  of  the  Library  are,  and 
where  they  can  be  found.  Not  only  are  subjects  named  with  refer- 
ences, but  outlines  of  all  important  subjects  are  given,  enabling  the 
reader  to  take  his  start  in  knowledge  from  the  index  itself,  and  to 
thus  see  exactly  what  he  will  find  under  any  reference.  The  pos- 
sessor of  this  Index  will  find  all  the  great  paths  and  points  of  the 
Library  clearly  indicated.  It  is  the  adequate  final  feature  of  the 
great  work. 

But  even  larger  and  more  adequate  help  than  any  Index  can  be, 
has  been  designed  and  executed,  to  serve  the  various  purposes  of  a 


PUBLISHERS'   PREFACE  V 

comprehensive  Guide  to  the  whole  body  of  matters  covered  by  the 
Library.  These  matters  are,  first  of  all,  the  various  national  litera- 
tures found  in  the  whole  of  human  history.  To  serve  as  a  general 
guide  to  these,  conspectuses  of  all  the  literatures  have  been  pre- 
pared, on  the  plan  of  a  chronological  catalogue  of  the  authors  in 
each  national  literature,  and  a  concise  critical  characterization  of 
each  author,  sufficient  to  make  the  conspectus  of  any  literature  an 
outline  history  of  that  literature.  Both  the  chronology  and  the  char- 
acteristics of  literatures  are  thus  given,  with  proper  indexical  refer- 
ences to  the  Library,  for  any  study  or  reading  desired. 

In  the  same  direction  of  guidance  over  the  vast  field  of  the  litera- 
tures of  the  world,  an  Outline  Survey  has  been  added,  on  the  plan 
of  noting,  first,  parts  of  the  world  and  nations  of  culture  to  which 
books  introduce  us,  and,  second,  the  cities  of  note  in  history  as  centres 
of  culture.  The  concise  sketches  of  this  Survey  constitute  a  com- 
plete outline  history  of  culture  in  all  ages  and  all  lands  —  a 
framework  and  background  for  the  Library  story  of  authors  and  of 
books;  and  the  references  to  the  Library  given  under  each  sketch 
show  what  each  nation  or  city  has  signified  in  the  history  of  culture. 

The  Outline  Survey  thus  presented  is  continued  and  completed  by 
a  very  extended  analytic  review  of  the  chief  forms  and  manifesta- 
tions of  literature,  of  the  great  topics  of  literature,  and  of  the  immense 
variety  of  examples  of  literature  which  are  given  in  the  Library. 

The  chief  products  of  intellectual  exertion  in  literature,  such  as 
poems,  novels,  dramas,  histories,  etc.,  etc.,  are  classified,  with  full 
bodies  of  references  for  each  class,  showing  its  representation  in  the 
Library. 

In  the  same  way  the  chief  matters  found  in  literature  to  have  en- 
gaged human  interest,  such  as  agriculture,  education,  children,  religion, 
journalism,  science,  humor,  music,  woman,  etc.,  etc.,  are  classified 
with  a  full  body  of  references  for  each  class,  showing  how  to  pursue 
study  of  any  class  through  the  whole  Library.  Each  of  these  bodies 
of  references  is  an  outline  history  of  the  theme  covered  by  it,  and 
even  as  an  outline  marvelously  rich  in  interest. 

And  last  of  all,  with  in  some  respects  the  largest  interest  of  all, 
the  vast  mass  of   Readings  in  the  Library,  are  grouped  in  classes. 


vi  PUBLISHERS'  PREFACE 

on  the  double  plan  of  representing  nationalities  chronologically  and 
of  bringing  together  readings  of  the  same  kind,  as  humorous,  oratori- 
cal, dramatic,  novel,  historical,  poetical,  etc.,  etc.  The  reader  may- 
elect  any  course  of  readings  of  interest  to  him,  such  as  novel  read- 
ings, and  pursue  it  through  all  the  different  nationalities,  or  in  any 
particular  one,  at  his  will;  and  in  the  same  way  he  may  give  his 
attention  to  different  classes  of  novels,  such  as  historical  novels,  pur- 
pose novels,  novels  of  character  or  of  mere  story,  etc.,  etc. 

On  many  large  topics  of  great  interest,  the  complete  courses 
which  can  thus  be  taken  will  lay  not  only  readers  but  educators 
and  authors  under  great  obligation.  By  combining  the  several  parts 
of  the  Outline  Survey  in  one  view  of  any  important  topic  an  outline 
of  knowledge  of  that  topic  can  be  had  such  as  only  a  Library  review 
makes  possible. 

And  for  the  convenience  of  persons  desiring  to  take  comprehensive 
courses  of  reading  or  study,  covering  the  entire  field  of  literature  in 
the  four  years  of  a  regular  School,  College,  or  University  course,  the 
final  feature  of  the  Guide  presents  the  chief  contents  ot  the  Library 
arranged  in  four  grand  divisions,  each  occupying  a  year,  with  nine 
monthly  parts  for  each  year,  and  four  weekly  sections  for  each  month. 
There  is  thus  complete  provision  for  either  an  extended  comprehen- 
sive course,  or  for  a  great  variety  of  elective  courses  on  special  topics, 
with  large  exhibits  of  information  for  those  who  consult  the  Library 
as  a  vast  treasury  of  knowledge. 

The  Publishers,  therefore,  present  this  Index-Guide  to  the  Warner 
Library  of  the  World's  Best  Literature  as  an  aid  to  study,  to  the 
interest  of  readers,  and  to  all  literary  work,  at  once  unique  in  plan 
and  of  incalculable  value. 


Vll 


CONTENTS 


INTRODUCTORY 

General  Review  of  Library:  —  Books:  A  World  of  Books,  3-10. 
Four  Greatest  Names  in  Literature,  11-12. 


II 

CONSPECTUSES   OF    LITERATURES:   NATIONAL  AND 
CHRONOLOGICAL 


Italian  Literature 13 


Spanish 
Portuguese 
Brazilian 
Cuban 
Latin- 
American 
Mexican 


24 
31 
34 
35 

36 

38 


French    Literature 39 


Provengal 

Russian 

Polish 

Bulgarian 

Roumanian 

Moravian 

Servian 

Turkish 

Armenian 


67 
67 
72 

75 
75 
76 
76 

77 
77 


Swedish  Literature 78 

Danish  "         81 

Norwegian     "         ....    85 

Icelandic        "        87 


Dutch  Literature 
Flemish 


Austrian  Literature 94 

Hungarian       "         ....  96 

Bohemian        "         99 

Croatian           "         loi 

German    Literature loi 

Swiss  "         f27 

English    Literature 129 

Anglo-Saxon  "         129 

Celtic  "         131 

Scotch  "         170 

Tahitian  "        173 

American  Literature 1 74 

Greek     Literature    201 

"         210 

215 

216 

'         216 

'         216 

218 

'         219 


92 


Latin 
Egyptian 
Chinese 
Japanese 
Indian 
Persian 
Arabic 
Hebrew- 
Christian 
Jewish 


221 
223 


Viii  CONTENTS 

III 

OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF    THE    PRINCIPAL    TOPICS   AND 
CHIEF  LINES  OF  INTEREST,  WITH  FULL  REF- 
ERENCES FOR  SPECIAL  COURSES  OF 
READING  AND  STUDY. 


Parts  of  the  World  and  Nations  of  Culture  Calling  for 
Particular  Note. 

Africa,  227 ;  America,  229 ;  South  America,  239 ;  Central  America,  241 ; 
Arabia,  242 ;  Armenia,  244 ;  Asia,  245 ;  Austria,  246 ;  Australia,  248 ;  Babylonia, 
249;  Belgium,  251;  Bohemia,  251;  Brazil,  253;  Bulgaria,  255;  Canada,  255; 
China,  257;  Denmark,  258;  Egypt,  259;  England,  260;  Finland,  270;  France,  271; 
Germany,  279;  Greece,  283;  Holland,  286;  Hungary,  288;  Iceland,  289;  India, 
291;  Ireland,  294;  Italy,  296;  Japan,  298;  Mexico,  299;  Norway,  300;  Palestine, 
301 ;  Persia,  303 ;  Poland,  305 ;  Portugal,  306 ;  Provence,  307 ;  Roumania,  308 ; 
Russia,  309;  Scotland,  311;  Servia,  313;  Spain,  313;  Sweden,  317;  Switzerland, 
318;  Syria,  319;  Turkey,  320. 


The  Great  Cities  of  the  World  of  Importance  for  Special 

Mention. 

Alexandria,  323;  Amsterdam,  324;  Antioch,  325;  Antwerp,  326;  Athens,  326; 
Bagdad  and  Cairo,  328;  Baltimore,  329;  Berlin,  330;  Bokhara,  330;  Bologna,  331; 
Boston,  332;  Brussels,  332;  Cambridge,  England,  333;  Cambridge,  America,  334; 
Chicago,  335;  Christiania,  336;  Constantinople,  336;  Copenhagen,  337;  Cordova, 
338;  Dublin,  338;  Edinburgh,  338;  Florence,  340;  Geneva,  Switzerland,  341; 
Glasgow,  342;  Herat,  342;  Leyden,  343;  Lisbon,  343;  London,  344;  Madrid,  347; 
Manchester,  347;  Moscow,  348;  Munich,  350;  New  Haven,  351;  New  Orleans, 
352;  New  York,  352;  Oxford,  353;  Paris,  355;  Philadelphia,  359;  Prague,  360; 
Rome,  361;  Samarkand,  363;  St.  Petersburg,  364;  Venice,  365;  Vienna,  367; 
Warsaw,  368 ;  York,  369. 


Chief  Matters  Found  in  Literature  to  have  Engaged  Human 
Interest:   Chief  Products  of  Intellectual  and  Literary 
Exertion    in   Song,    or   Thought,    or    Knowledge: 
And  Particular  Matters  of  Special  Inter- 
est TO  Various  Classes  of  Persons. 

Agriculture,  370;  Anecdotes,  371;  Apologues,  Aphorisms,  and  Apothegms, 
371 ;  Art,  Architecture,  and  .^Esthetics,  372 ;  Autobiographies  and  Biographies, 
373;  Children,  and  for  Children,  377;  Critics  and  Criticism,  378;  Dramas, 
Dramatists,  and  the  Theatre,  379;  Education  and  Educators,  383;  Epigrams 
and  Epitaphs,  385;  Hellenism,  386;  Histories  and  Historians,  386;  Human- 
ism and  Humanists,  389;  Humor  and  Humorists,  391;  Jewish,  393;  Journalism 


CONTENTS 


IX 


and  Journalists,  394;  Law,  397;  Literature:  Prose  and  Poetry,  399;  Medical 
Interest,  401 ;  Music  and  Musicians,  402 ;  Novels,  Tales,  Fables,  403 ;  Orators 
and  Oratory,  411;  Pessimism,  412;  Religious:  Themes  and  Thoughts,  413; 
Sacred  Books  of  the  World,  424;  Satires,  425;  Science  and  Philosophy,  426; 
Socialism  and  Socialists,  429;  Spiritism  or  Spiritualism,  431;  Travels,  Explora- 
tions, Adventures,  and  Discoveries,  432;  Vernacular:  or  Popular  Speech,  434; 
Woman,  435. 


Classified  Readings  of  Prose  and  Poetry  from  All 
Literatures. 

Biographical  and  Autobiographical  Readings,  440;  Critical  Readings:  Art 
and  Literature,  441 ;  Dramatic  and  Dialogue  Readings,  443 ;  Historical  Read- 
ings, 446;  Humorous  Readings,  451;  Literary  Readings,  453;  Oratorical  Read- 
ings, 454;  Poetical  Readings:  from  Poets  and  Singers  of  All  Literatures,  456; 
Religious  Thought,  Sentiment,  and  Song,  474;  School  or  Sunday-School  Read- 
ings, 478;  School  or  Entertainment  Recitations,  480;  Science  Readings,  481; 
Story  Readings,  Tales,  and  Fables:  from  All  Literatures,  483;  Thought  and 
Philosophy,  496;  Travel  and  Adventure,   501. 


Characters  in  History   Conspicuously   Representing  the  Culture 
OF  Mankind  Reflected  in  Literature,   503-11. 


Dramas  of  Note,  and  Dramatic  Characters  from  All  Literatures, 
Ancient  and  Modern,  512-18. 


Novels  of  Note,  and  Characters  Created  by  Novelists,  519-43. 


IV 

The  Warner  Library  Course  in  Literature,  544, 


INTRODUCTORV 

NOTE  OF  Explanation  :  —  In  the  pages  which  follow,  the  reader 
will  find  the  entire  contents  of  the  World's  Library  of 
Best  Literature  reduced  from  the  alphabetical  order  of 
the  great  work  into  the  separate  literatures  known  in  history, 
and  the  names  under  each  separate  literature  noted  in  chronolog- 
ical* order,  with  each  name  concisely  treated,  as  to  dates  and 
some  chief  points  of  accurate  knowledge,  so  as  to  supply  a 
comprehensive  short  answer  in  regard  to  the  name. 

There  is  thus  provided  a  conspectus  of  all  the  literatures,  to 
which  readers  can  turn  for  either  one  of  three  purposes:  — 

(i)  To  survey  any  literature,  or  any  period  of  a  literature, 
as  a  section  of  world  culture,  or  a  stage  in  the  development  of  a 
section. 

(2)  To  note  in  what  connection  with  other  names  a  name 
appears  in  any  literature,  and  the  relation  of  the  character  of 
that  name  to  the  characters  of  other  names  among  which  it  is 
found, 

(3)  To  definitely  and  distinctly  place  any  name  in  the  history 
of  the  national  literature  to  which  it  belongs. 

For  every  name  appearing  in  these  national  and  chronological 
conspectuses  of  literatures,  an  exact  reference  to  voluine  and 
pages  of  the  Library  is  given,  thus  supplying  a  complete  and 
perfect  guide  for  reading  or  research  in  the  pages  of  the  Library, 
as  well  as  giving  about  thirty  outline  histories  of  literatures,  for 
the  uses  just  mentioned.  In  several  respects  the  average  reader 
or  student  will  find  it  most  interesting  and  instructive  to  attempt 
the  full  survey  of  a  literature,  which  the  conspectus  of  that  liter- 
ature makes  simple  and  easy.  The  conspectus  is  not  a  mere 
list  of  names  and  dates.  Enough  is  stated  under  each  name  to 
make  the  conspectus  an  outline  history  of  the  literature,  compre- 
hensively though    concisely    enumerating   the    aspects  which    that 

*The  "chronological"  order  is,  in  some  of  the  lists,  that  of  the  author's  birth;  in  others 
that  of  about  the  dates  of  literary  activity.  It  is  not  intended  to  fix  perfectly  exact  dates, 
the  only  object  at  all  important  being  to  group  together  authors  who  were  together  in  their 
lives  and  their  production  of  writings. 


ii  INTRODUCTORY 

literature  has  presented.  The  conspectus  is  one  of  characteriza- 
tions as  well  as  of  names. 

Through  comparison  of  these  characterizations,  it  is  easy  to 
quickly  note  the  character  of  the  age  in  which  any  name  appeared, 
and  what  was  the  galaxy  of  names  of  that  age. 

And  for  any  one  name  the  reader  or  inquirer  will  find  a 
quotable  accurate  characterization  of  the  author  bearing  the  name, 
a  good  short  answer  to  the  question  who  this  author  was. 

In  no  existing  work  of  reference,  or  text -book  of  literature,  is 
there  any  such  systematic  attention  to  the  providing  of  a  quotable, 
concise  yet  comprehensive  characterization  for  every  name,  nor 
could  the  ordinary  reader  or  inquirer  make  such  characterizations 
from  the  encyclopaedia  articles  accessible  to  him.  Nor  does  there 
exist  anywhere  else  such  a  definite  and  distinct  intellectual  map 
of  the  names  of  literature  in  all  ages  and  all  lands. 


INTRODUCTORY  {{{ 

*  Literature  exists  to  please, — to  lighten  the  burden  of  men's  lives;  and  those  men  of  letters 
are  the  best  loved  who  have  best  performed  literature's  truest  office.'^ 

'^  Be  careful  to  limit  your  time  for  reading,  and  devote  it  exclusively  to  the  works  of  the 
great  minds  of  all  times  and  countries.     These  alone  really  educate  and  instruct.'" 

BOOKS:     A   WORLD   OF   BOOKS 

An  Egyptian  writer,  of  about  the  thirteenth  century  before 
Christ,  said  in  an  appeal  to  a  young  man  whose  chief  care  was 
for  pleasure:  ^*They  tell  me  that  thou  forsakest  books,  and  givest 
thyself  up  to  pleasure.  Thou  art  as  a  shrine  without  ij;s  god,  as 
a  house  without  bread.** 

John  Milton's  idea  was  that  books  contain  a  potency  of  life; 
the  purest  efficacy  and  extraction  of  the  living  intellect  that  bred 
them;  and  that  a  good  book  is  the  precious  lifeblood  of  a  master- 
spirit. 

The  greatest  scholar  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Church,  Saint 
Jerome,  gave  this  injunction,  Never  let  your  book  escape  your 
HAND  OR  YOUR  EYES.  The  great  Benedictine  institutions  which 
followed  this  rule,  and  immensely  promoted  human  progress 
during  the  seven  centuries  from  500  to  1200  A.  D.,  always  em- 
braced :  — 

(i)     A  library  of  books; 

(2)  A  school  of  scribes  for  making  manuscript  copies  of 
books;  and 

(3)  A  school  of  instruction  open  not  only  to  students  for  the 
church,  but  to  every  one. 

And  just  in  proportion  as  the  best  books  were  multiplied, 
were  preserved  and  known,  and  were  made  accessible  to  use, 
was  popular  progress  maintained.  The  best  books  were  the  in- 
strument of  the  church.  Alcuin  of  York  (735-804),  the  famous 
librarian,  scholar,  and  teacher,  whose  story  our  Library  gives 
(Vol.  i,  295-302),  wrote  to  Charlemagne  in  the  year  796  to  sug- 
gest transplanting  from  York  to  France  the  rarer  books  of 
scholastic  learning,  in  order  that  the  flowers  of  England  might 
give  him  a  graceful  garden  —  the  blossoming  of  Paradise  with  its 
abundant  fruits. 

«Your  gracious  zeal,**  said  Alcuin's  letter,  <<will  not  overlook 
how,  upon  every  page  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  we  are  urged  to 
the  acquisition  of  wisdom;  how  nothing  is  more  honorable  for 
insuring  a  happy  life,  nothing  more  pleasing  in  the  observance, 
nothing  more  efficient  against  sin,  nothing  more  praiseworthy  in 


IV  INTRODUCTORY 

any  lofty  station,  than  that  men  live  according  to  the  teachings 
of  the  philosophers.  Moreover,  nothing  is  more  essential  to  the 
government  of  the  people,  nothing  better  for  the  guidance  of 
life  into  the  paths  of  honorable  character,  than  the  grace  which 
wisdom  gives,  and  the  glory  of  training  and  the  power  of  learning.  ** 

Xing'  Alfred  the  Great  (849-901),  whose  story  the  Library 
tells  (Vol.  i,  389-98),  came  a  century  later,  with  the  same  high 
idea  of  books  and  of  learning;  and  his  chief  glory,  as  the  most 
remarkable  man  that  ever  sat  on  the  throne  of  England,  is  the 
pains  he  took  to  give  his  people  the  best  books  in  their  own 
tongue.  He  first  made  England  a  real  kingdom,  and  first  gave 
her  a  flag  on  the  sea,  but  his  brightest  fame  is  his  care  for 
literature.* 

These  are  two  examples  out  of  a  great  number  which  might 
Tdc  cited  from  the  story  which  our  Library  gives  of  the  literatures 
•of  the  whole  world  and  of  all  mankind,  the  lesson  of  which  is 
the  value  of  knowing  what  are  the  best  books  of  all  ages  and 
all  lands,  and  what  can  be  quoted  from  them  by  way  of  adequate 
example  of  their  contents.  The  thousand  years  since  the  age  of 
Alfred  and  of  Alcuin  have  not  altered  the  principle;  they  have 
rather  immensely  deepened  its  significance. 

Nearly  four  hundred  years  after  Alfred  of  England,  and  two 
hundred  years  before  Columbus,  Alfonso  the  Wise  of  Spain 
(1221-84)  made  a  great  record  of  benefits  to  his  country,  and  of 
honor  to  himself,  through  his  interest  in  books  and  his  care  for 
learning.  He  did  not,  like  the  English  Alfred,  have  success 
either  in  war  or  in  politics;  his  reign  (1251  to  1284)  went  out  in 
darkness  and  storm;  yet  he  had  created  Spanish  law;  had  with 
wonderful  general  knowledge  codified  the  common  law;  had  put 
aside  Latin  for  the  tongue  of  the  people;  had  established  a  great 
school  of  arts  and  sciences  and  literature;  and,  as  the  author  of 
the  earliest  known  specimen  of  Castilian  prose,  had  won  the  name 
of  ^*  father  of  Spanish  literature.  ^^  His  story  in  our  Library  falls 
next  before  that  of  Alfred  the  Great  (Vol.  i,   383-88). 

England's  younger  statesman  to-day,  Arthur  James  Balfour 
(1848-),  Lord  Salisbury's  nephew,  spoke  not  long  since  to  the 
students  of  Glasgow  University  on  the  enjoyment  which  may  be 

♦The  attentive  reader  of  the  story  of  literatures  will  note  that  in  every  one  a  new  depart- 
ure of  great  sig^nificance  is  made  when  the  employment  of  the  tongue  of  the  people  is  first 
attempted,  in  place  of  the  Latin  or  some  other  tongue  in  use  for  the  making  of  books  and 
laws. 


INTRODUCTORY  y 

derived  from  books  by  the  ordinary  reader,  with  ordinary  capac- 
ities and  ordinary  leisure,  to  whom  reading  ought  to  be,  not  a 
business  but  a  pleasure.  To  these  students  he  said:  "You  are 
just  reaching  the  period  when,  at  the  end  of  your  prescribed 
course  of  study,  the  whole  field  and  compass  of  literature  lies 
outspread  before  you;  you  may  enter  at  your  leisure  into  the 
intellectual  heritage  of  the  centuries.^* 

The  Library  (Vol.  iii,  1 287-1 304)  offers  fifteen  pages  of  Mr. 
Balfour's  admirable  talk  on  the  pleasure  pure  and  simple  which 
may  be  derived  from  every-day  attention  to  reading.  Mr,  Balfour 
criticizes  Mr.  Frederic  Harrison's  theory  of  study  of  books, 
which  the  Library  gives  in  an  essay  of  eight  pages,  as  an  example 
of  literature  by  Mr.  Harrison,  on  *  The  Use  and  Selection  of 
Books ^  (Vol.  xvii,  6975-84).  The  two  papers  make  a  capital  pres- 
entation of  a  most  interesting  subject.  There  are  hundreds  of 
such  presentations  in  the  Library,  setting  themes  of  extreme 
interest  in  a  clear  light,  stimulating  to  thought  and  to  discussion. 
Be  the  reader's  desire  enjoyment  with  Mr.  Balfour,  or  strenuous 
study  with  Mr.  Harrison,  the  Library  shows  him  the  whole  field 
and  compass  of  literature,  and  opens  to  him,  reader  or  student 
or  scholar,  the  intellectual  heritage  of  the  centuries. 

Mr.  Harrison  (183 1-)  says  of  the  best  books,  to  the  story  of 
which,  and  substantial  satisfying  examples  from  which,  the  Library 
is  devoted:  — 

"The  great  masterpieces  of  the  world  are  the  master  instru- 
ments of  a  solid  education,  quite  apart  from  the  charm  and  solace 
they  give  us. '^ 

You  may  read  for  enjoyment  only,  for  rest  after  toil,  for 
pleasure  pure  and  simple,  but  the  educating  uplift  will  come. 
The  story  of  Gibbon  (1737-94)  by  Lecky,  at  that  great  writer's 
place  in  the  Library  (Vol.  xvi,  6271-6332),  tells  us  how  Gibbon 
was  made  one  of  the  master-minds  of  modern  literature,  not  by 
study  at  Oxford,  but  by  free  reading  during  five  years  at  Lau- 
sanne in  Switzerland.  It  may  be  that,  as  Mr.  Harrison  says, 
"the  reading  of  great  books  is  a  faculty  to  be  acquired,  not  a 
natural  gift,*'  but  the  acquisition  comes  readily  to  those  who  can 
have  opportunity  and  guidance  such  as  our  Library  gives. 

An  unexampled  treasury  of  reading  of  every  kind,  to  meet 
every    taste    and    give    a   variety    as   rich   as   nature's   wealth,    is 


Vi  INTRODUCTORY 

offered  to  readers,  to  students,  to  scholars,  for  the  first  time  in 
the  world,  in  our  Library.  The  very  idea  of  doing  it  is  a  new 
idea.  It  signifies  more  than  the  world  was  ready  for  until  these 
end-of-the-century  advances  in  knowledge  and  thought  and 
experience.  It  is  a  twentieth-century  idea,  impossible  to  have 
been  suggested  until  the  marvelous  nineteenth-century  knowl- 
edge of  the  ends  of  the  earth,  and  of  the  origins,  developments, 
and  present  aspects  of  human  culture  in  far-away  and  strange 
lands  had  begun  to  make  all  mankind  of  interest  one  to  another. 
Babylonia,  Egypt,  India,  China,  are  known  now  as  they  were  not 
a  generation  ago.  And  now  first,  since  the  Roman  poet  Terence 
drew  the  plaudits  of  the  Roman  theatre  by  the  grand  line, 
Homo  sum:  humani  nihil  a  me  alienum  puto : 
*/  am  a  man,  and  everything  human  interests  me,''* 
the  sympathies  of  faith  and  thought  and  hope,  in  the  chief 
schools  of  Christian  culture,  are  extended  to  all  mankind.* 

There  are  no  literatures  now,  of  however  remote  a  past,  or 
however  distant  and  strange  a  land,  which  are  not  dealt  with 
according  to  their  essential  value.  There  are  no  races  or  nations 
outside  the  pale  of  literary  appreciation;  no  productions  of  honest 
worth  excluded  from  the  fellowship  of  books.  And  to  an  extent 
never  even  approached  until  the  century  now  coming  to  a  close, 
the  nations  of  name  and  place  in  history,  and  on  the  map  of  the 
world,  have  become  nations  of  culture  and  of  brilliant  literary 
production,  at  once  reflecting  national  characteristics  and  contrib- 
uting to  the  revelations  of  thought  and  aspiration  and  hope, 
which  mark  the  forward  movement  of  humanity. 

It  will,  perhaps,  surprise,  as  well  as  delight,  the  ordinary  reader, 
to  see  how  immense,  reckoned  by  books  of  fine  character  and 
rare  interest,  the  human  family  of  our  own  day  is,  reaching  into 
Russian,  Polish,  Hungarian,  Danish,  Swedish,  Norwegian,  Dutch, 
and  Spanish  centres  of  culture,  as  distinctly  as  over  the  more 
familiar  American,  English,  German,  Italian,  and  French  fields. 
And  when  the  books  of  all  ages  and  all  lands,  and  the  litera- 
tures even,  which  survive  in  but  an  imperfect  record,  are  brought 
under  inspection  and  appreciation, — Greek,  Latin,  and  Sanskrit 
books,  which  are  among  the  glories  of  the  human  mind;  and  the 

♦  Tennyson's  'Akbar's  Dream,'  in  the  inscription  and  notes  especially,  calls  attention  to 
a  contemporary  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  the  gfreat  Mogul  Emperor  of  India,  Akbar  (1542-1605),  in 
whom  the  sentiment  of  humanity  rose  above  Mohammedanism  to  thorough  acceptance  of  the 
spirit  of  Christ  in  his  Golden  Rule. 


INTRODUCTORY  yjj 

immensely  significant  remains  of  the  literatures  of  Babylonia  and 
Egypt;  the  remarkable  tradition,  also,  of  China  in  literature,  and 
the  relation  of  Japan  to  that  tradition, — we  may  see  with  what 
breadth  of  meaning  a  scholar  in  world -knowledge,  like  Mr.  Bal- 
four, could  speak  of  ^Hhe  whole  field  and  compass  of  literature; 
the  intellectual  heritage  of  the  centuries." 

One  comprehensive  book  of  all  writers  and  all  writings  of 
rare  worth  and  rich  interest,  such  as  the  Library  is,  has  a  thou- 
sand aspects  of  attraction  not  easy  to  note.  It  is  in  the  best 
possible  form  the  story  of  human  progress,  the  picture  of  the 
mind  of  man,  the  autobiography  of  the  human  race.  Not  a  man 
living  could  pretend  to  be  superior  to  the  service  which  such  a 
book  can  render.  No  man  anywhere  in  the  world,  who  reads 
English,  can  fail  to  find  his  information  in  very  many  fields 
delightfully  augmented  as  he  turns  these  wonderfully  rich  pages, 
not  of  literature  only,  but  of  biography,  of  history,  of  science,  of 
everything  that  is  of  human  interest.  Not  only  is  there  nothing 
like  it,  but  there  is  nothing  which  even  approaches  it,  as  a  gen- 
uine treasury  of  things  interesting  and  things  instructive.  It  is 
not  merely  the  character  of  its  fascinations,  but  their  infinite 
variety. 

No  such  series  of  essays  on  authors,  and  of  appreciative 
and  sympathetic  estimates  of  the  most  notable  writings,  with 
substantial  satisfying  examples  of  the  work  of  each  writer,  is  in 
existence  anywhere,  or  has  ever  been  attempted.  The  essays 
tell  the  story  of  the  author, —  the  man,  or  the  woman, —  not  at 
large,  but  so  far  as  will  show  how  mind,  character,  circumstances, 
and  experience,  made  the  writer,  and  contributed  to  the  character 
of  notable  books.  In  a  very  large  number  of  cases  authors  of 
character  and  fame  are  commemorated  by  writers  exceptionally 
competent,  by  knowledge  and  literary  skill,  to  make  a  perfect 
portrait,  within  the  limits  of  a  concise  essay.  The  critical 
appreciation  of  writers  of  note,  and  notices  of  books  in  which 
such  writers  are  at  their  best,  make  a  body  of  literary  criticism, 
and  history  of  literary  production,  not  to  be  found  anywhere  else. 

But  the  highest  praise  of  the  Library  is  in  its  large,  substan- 
tial, satisfying  examples  of  literature,  added  to  critical  biograph- 
ical essays  of  high  character.  Under  ** Gibbon,*  for  example, 
an  essay  by  Mr.  Lecky  filling  eight  pages,  and  admirably 
portraying  the  man  and  the  author,  is  followed  by  fifty-four 
pages    of   substantial   and    satisfying   examples,  —  nine    examples, 


viii  INTRODUCTORY 

every  one  of  which  is  a  complete  reading,  rich  in  interest, 
thoroughly  substantial  and  satisfying.  There  are  more  than  five 
thousand  most  choice  readings  of  this  kind  in  the  Library,  selec- 
tions expressly  made  for  household  and  general  reading,  offering 
constant  and  varied  entertainment,  and  at  the  same  time  of  rare 
educational  value. 

Of  that  delightful  thinker,  Amiel,  in  the  second  volume  (479-92), 
there  are  twenty-six  examples  of  his  work,  every  one  of  them  a 
choice  setting  of  a  fine  thought.  Of  the  inimitable  stories  of  Hans 
Anderson  there  are  thirty-six  pages.  Of  the  ^Arabian  Nights* 
there  are  forty  pages;  and  close  upon  this  another  forty  pages, 
giving  twenty-one  examples  from  seventeen  Arabic  writers. 
Anglo-Saxon  literature  appears  by  nine  choice  examples,  after 
fifteen  pages  of  the  story  of  its  origin  and  character.  These 
thirty-one  pages  of  story  and  selections  are  a  magnificent 
example  of  the  scope  and  scale  of  the  Library. 

Turn  the  page  from  ^Arabic  Literature*  to  ^Arago,*  and 
with  the  story  of  that  great  French  scientist  we  have  fifteen 
pages  by  him  giving  his  account  of  Laplace  and  of  ^Hhe  principal 
astronomical  discoveries  **  in  the  history  of  astronomy.  It  is  one 
of  the  finest  chapters  of  science  ever  written.  In  the  same  way 
the  example  from  the  writings  of  Mr.  Gladstone  is  a  splendid 
chapter  on  Macaulay  (Vol.  xvi,  6359-72);  and  next  after  it  comes 
Mr.  E.  L.  Godkin's  ten-page  chapter  on  *  The  Duty  of  Criticism 
in  a  Democracy.*  Such  large  and  rich  articles  are  a  frequent 
feature  of  the  examples  of  literature  in  the  Library,  chapters  of 
science,  of  history,  of  biography,  of  criticism,  of  thought,  and  of 
counsel. 

If  we  turn  from  the  Gladstone  chapter  to  "Macaulay,**  we 
find  sixty  pages  representing  Macaulay's  best  work.  The  eleven 
prose  selections  are  every  one  admirable  chapters  on  interesting 
themes.  Then  two  whole  poems  are  given,  one  of  them  filling 
fifteen  pages. 

The  author  of  the  story  of  Macaulay,  Mr.  J.  B.  McMaster, 
supplies  an  example  of  literature,  in  one  of  the  excerpts  from 
his  pages,  which  is  a  fine  chapter  on  *■  Town  and  Country  Life 
in  the  United  States  in  1800.*  If  we  turn  the  page,  to  the  story 
of  Hungary's  great  dramatic  poet,  Madach,  we  find  in  one  article 
thirteen  pages  from  his  masterpiece  *The  Tragedy  of  Man.* 
Even  the  strange  Flemish  name  of  Maeterlinck,  the  poet  and 
essayist  of  mysticism,  gives  us  a  ten-page  chapter  on  *The  inner 
Beauty,*   besides    six   pages   from   one    of   his   dramas,    two   rich 


INTRODUCTORY 


IX 


pages  on  *The  Tragical  in  Daily  Life,*   and   the  account  in  six 
pages  of  the  poet  himself. 

Taken  out  of  a  book  of  more  than  eighteen  thousand  pages, 
many  of  the  stories  of  authors,  with  the  appended  collection  of 
choice  examples  of  the  writer,  would  make  notable  books,  admir- 
ably adapted  to  supply  fine  entertainment  and  rarely  pleasant 
instruction.  Such  a  book  is  R.  H.  Stoddard's  delightful  study  in 
twelve  pages  of  Robert  Burns,  followed  by  twenty-two  pages 
giving  the  twelve  finest  pieces  which  Burns  wrote.  Mr.  Warner's 
^  Byron,  *  a  story  of  the  man  and  the  poet  in  eight  pages,  and 
thirty-four  choice  examples  in  fifty-eight  pages,  makes  a  fine 
book  of  Byron  for  most  readers.  Even  great  Caesar  may  be  fairly 
known  from  thirty  pages  of  story  and  examples  of  his  work. 
Mrs.  Browning  in  thirty-four  pages,  and  sixteen  of  her  best  poems, 
and  Robert  Browning  in  thirty-seven  pages,  and  thirteen  fine 
examples,  constitute  a  substantial  Browning  book.  And  our 
Bryant  can  be  read  for  knowledge  of  his  finest  songs  and  thoughts, 
in  twenty  pages  and  eleven  examples.  Even  of  Bruno,  the  fam- 
ous martyr  of  free  thought  at  Rome,  three  hundred  years  ago, 
one  may  have  quite  a  book  in  ten  pages. 

Dr.  Lounsbury's  fourteen-page  essay  on  Pope,  with  ten  ex- 
amples filling  thirty-two  pages,  makes  a  rare  book  for  enjoyable 
reading.  The  historian  Prescott,  in  thirty-seven  pages  and  five 
large  examples  of  story  told  by  him,  is  not  inadequately  pre- 
sented. Or  if  it  is  Rambaud,  the  great  French  authority  on 
Russia,  he  will  be  most  interestingly  known  from  the  twenty 
pages  devoted  to  him.  Sixty  pages  of  Cicero,  with  twelve  ex- 
amples of  his  speech,  and  twenty  pages  of  Demosthenes,  with 
rare  examples,  one  of  which  fills  ten  pages,  make  an  admirable 
book  of  ancient  eloquence.  Dr.  Lounsbury  again  gives  us  a  rare 
book  in  fifty  pages  of  Chaucer,  and  it  is  a  rich  volume  which 
deals  in  fifty  successive  pages  with  two  such  poet-thinkers  as 
Clough  and  Coleridge.  But  if  the  reader's  mood  calls  for  "Mark 
Twain  >*  he  is  close  at  hand  (Clemens)  in  thirty-four  pages  of 
humorous  interest. 

Charles  Dickens,  in  sixty-four  pages,  ten  pages  of  story  of  the 
man  and  the  author,  and  five  grand  examples,  filling  fifty-four 
pages,  would  give  a  six  nights'  entertainment  to  a  reading  circle. 
Anc'  .the  interest  would  not  fall  off  by  turning  back  to  thirty-four 
page5  of  Daniel  Defoe,  or  the  twenty-four  pages  of  the  fascinat- 
ing  essayist,    De  Quincey.      The  thirty-nine   pages   of    Fielding, 


X  INTRODUCTORY 

England's  greatest  initiator  of  novel-writing,  are  a  book  of 
knowledge  rich  in  interest,  but  for  the  whole  story  starting  from 
Defoe  the  twenty-one  pages  of  Richardson,  Fielding's  predecessor, 
are  specially  important;  nor  must  the  twenty-five  pages  of  Smol- 
let  be  overlooked,  before  coming  to  the  seventy  pages  of  Thack- 
eray, the  forty-five  pages  of  Charles  Reade,  the  forty-nine  pages 
of  Stevenson,  the  thirty-one  pages  of  Kipling,  the  twenty-five 
pages  of  Anthony  Trollope,  the  twenty-five  pages  of  Meredith, 
the  thirty-four  pages  of  Bulwer,  and  very  many  more  budgets  of 
knowledge  of  the  immense  field  of  English  novels. 

In  the  exceedingly  rich  field  of  French  novels  the  Library 
admirably  covers  the  whole  ground.  Balzac  fills  eighty-four 
pages,  of  which  nineteen  are  the  account  of  the  man  and  the 
author,  and  sixty-five  give  four  grand  examples  of  his  marvelous 
story-telling  power.  To  Dumas  the  elder,  forty-four  pages  are 
given,  and  to  the  younger  Dumas  forty  pages.  Ten  pages  by 
Andrew  Lang,  and  nine  pages  by  Sarcey,  are  devoted  to  stories 
of  the  two  men  and  authors  singularly  rich  in  both  human  and 
critical  interest.  To  George  Sand,  the  most  remarkable  woman 
whom  France  has  given  to  literature,  the  Library  devotes  forty- 
six  pages.  It  gives  fifty-eight  to  Victor  Hugo,  thirty-five  to 
Daudet,  twenty-eight  to  Flaubert,  and  forty-two  to  Zola,  with 
very  many  more  to  other  French  writers  in  the  same  field. 

In  the  field  of  French  drama  we  may  trace  the  modern  from 
Comeille,  of  whom  the  Library  has  fourteen  pages.  The  twenty- 
six  pages  on  Rabelais  are  an  admirable  introduction  to  the  story 
of  French  genius,  of  which  the  fifty-four  pages  on  Moli^re  and 
the  fourteen  on  Racine  carry  on  the  development  from  Corneille. 
The  great  name  of  Voltaire  is  celebrated  in  forty-one  pages,  and 
that  of  Rousseau  in  twenty-one.  There  are  twenty-one  pages  for 
Montesquieu,  nineteen  for  Mirabeau,  eleven  for  Montaigne,  thir- 
teen for  Pascal,  forty-five  for  Renan,  eighteen  for  the  great 
critic  Sainte  Beuve,  twenty-four  for  Musset,  eighteen  for  B^ran- 
ger,  and  with  like  generous  breadth  through  a  long  list  of  the 
masters  of  story  and  song  and  learning,  representative  of  the 
accomplished  and  fascinating  genius  of  the  French  people. 

And  these  are  but  examples  of  the  generous  and  satisfying 
treatment  of  the  whole  range  of  the  world's  literatures,  to  ade- 
quately bring  out  on  the  vast  canvas  of  eighteen  thousand  pages 
the  illustrious  figures  and  the  genius-illuminated  pages  of  The 
World's  Best  Literature. 


INTRODUCTORY  xi 

The  world's  greatest  poets,  peaks  of  genius  to  which  all 
eyes  turn,  make  in  the  Library  a  magnificent  book  of  story  and 
examples.  Eleven  pages  by  Professor  Seymour  of  Yale  Uni- 
versity, and  twenty-seven  pages  of  examples  from  the  epics  and 
from  the  Homeric  hymns,  present  a  rich  Homeric  feast,  every 
feature  of  which  will  entertain  and  instruct. 

Homer  (about  900  B.  €.-825  B.  C.)  was  to  the  Greeks  for 
hundreds  of  years  the  most  sacred  of  scriptures  as  well  as  the 
richest  body  of  song  and  story  ever  created.  The  name  stands 
first  on  the  very  highest  line  of  literature,  and  from  it  run  lines 
of  reference  through  the  Library,  all  the  way  to  Gladstone  and 
Bryant,  and  numbers  of  our  finest  writers  to-day.  It  is  a  rich 
liberal  education  to  any  person  to  have  read  all  that  our  Library 
has  on  Homer  (Vol.   xix,   7551-78). 

Dante  (i 265-1321)  stands  in  the  sun  for  modern  literature  as 
Homer  does  for  ancient,  the  most  glorious  figure  to  which  our 
letters  look  back.  The  ablest  of  Dante  scholars,  Professor  Nor- 
ton of  Harvard  University,  gives  in  the  Library  the  story  of 
Dante  as  man  and  poet  and  thinker;  thirty-four  pages  of  the 
finest  literary  instruction;  and  there  follow  thirty  pages  giving 
fifteen  capital  examples  of  Dante's  writings,  both  poetry  and 
prose.  Dante  is  one  of  the  great  studies,  which  an  ordinary 
reader  may  have  in  hand  for  a  lifetime,  gleaning  Dante  knowl- 
edge from  many  places  in  the  Library,  and  using  what  it  gives 
as  a  guide  to  look  elsewhere.  The  scholar  finds  Dante  the  first 
great  modern  man,  the  precursor  of  poets  and  thinkers  and 
statesmen  of  our  own  day,  a  contemporary  of  Tennyson  and 
Herbert  Spencer  and  Abraham  Lincoln.  His  mighty  shadow 
falls  on  Westminster  Abbey  and  on  Gettysburg's  bloody  field. 
He  is  the  splendid  symbol  of  the  freedom  and  progress  of  man. 
His  place  in  literature  is  one  of  the  greatest.  To  be  able  to 
read  him  intelligently  and  with  enjoyment  will  be  learned  readily 
by  use  of  the  Dante  lessons  in  which  the  Library  is  so  rich 
(Vol.    xi,    4315-78). 

Shakespeare  (1564-16 16)  is  presented  in  the  Library  on  the 
same  grand  scale  as  Dante;  a  story  of  the  man,  the  actor,  and 
the  writer  of  plays  and  poems,  twenty-two  pages  in  length,  and 
fifty-six  examples,  extending  through  seventy-six  pages, —  a  Shakes- 
peare book  of  close  upon  a  hundred  pages,  to  which  references 


xii  INTRODUCTORY 

to  Shakespeare  elsewhere  in  the  Library  add  some  most  admir- 
able aids  to  the  study  of  a  character  and  a  poet  whose  charm 
and  power  no  other  has  equaled.  *^The  most  extraordinary  and 
most  admirable  of  all  writers,'*  says  Goethe,  in  one  of  the  ex- 
amples from  him  given  in  the  Library  (p.  6425);  and  another  of 
the  Goethe  selections  consists  of  eleven  pages  by  Goethe  in 
explanation  of  the  character  of  Hamlet.  Two  of  the  selections 
from  the  writings  of  Professor  Dowden  (Vol.  xii,  4807-12)  are  on 
*  The  Humor  of  Shakespeare  *  and  '  Shakespeare's  Portraiture  of 
Women.*  Those  who  use  the  Library  will  find  in  it  ample  guid- 
ance and  aid  for  not  only  Shakespeare  study  but  for  exploring 
the  whole  field  of  literature  around  Shakespeare  (Vol.  xxxiii,  13 167- 
226).  In  the  *  Synopses  of  Noted  Books,**  twenty-one  double- 
column  pages  are  devoted  to  a  careful  analysis  and  story  of  each 
one  of  the  plays  of  Shakespeare  (Vol.    xlv,    380-402). 

Goethe  (i  749-1832)  ranks  foremost  of  all  Germans  in  litera- 
ture; next  to  Shakespeare  and  Dante  among  poets;  the  successor 
of  Voltaire  and  Rousseau,  and  lofty  above  them,  as  a  great  intel- 
ligence and  a  profound  soul.  The  book  of  his  splendid  intellect 
and  his  noble  sentiments  makes  seventy  of  the  richest  pages 
of  the  Library  (Vol.  xvi,  6385-6454).  The  story  of  the  man,  the 
poet,  and  the  scientist,  is  told  in  eleven  pages  by  Professor 
Dowden.  It  affords  a  most  admirable  aid  to  the  comprehension 
of  Goethe's  character  and  career,  and  of  his  masterpiece,  the 
drama  of  Faust,  into  the  final  form  of  which  had  gone  touches 
of  thought  and  feeling  as  they  came  to  the  poet  during  sixty 
years.  Twenty-six  pages  of  Faust  are  given,  nineteen  pages  of 
prose,  and  twelve  pages  of  poems,  as  examples  of  the  great 
master's  finest  writing.  The  reader  of  these  illustrations  of  the 
mind  of  Goethe  cannot  fail  to  see  that  he  is  in  the  presence  of 
an  unsurpassed  master  of  the  deepest  thinking  of  the  modern 
world.  And  as  the  vast  wealth  of  the  Library  becomes  familiar 
to  him,  poets  and  thinkers  and  scientists  and  statesmen,  not  of 
Germany  only,  but  of  all  the  nations  of  culture  in  Europe,  he 
will  comprehend  amid  what  a  magnificent  scene  of  interesting 
characters  and  brilliant  minds  the  grand  figure  of  Goethe  stands. 


Xlll 


CHRONOLOGICAL  CONSPECTUSES 

OF  NATIONAL  LITERATURES 


Italian  Literature  gains  a  certain  headship  among  the  lit- 
eratures of  Europe,  from  its  relation  to  Latin,  the  heir,  in  a 
sense,  to  Greek  culture;  from  its  being  represented  so  early  by 
the  great  name  of  Dante;  and  from  the  fact  that,  when  the 
Revival  of  Learning  occurred,  through  recovery  of  Greek  studies, 
it  was  in  Italy  that  the  beginning  was  made. 

Earlier  even  than  Dante  lesser  poets  had  struck  notes  of  Ital- 
ian song,  nor  was  prose  without  representatives.  These  names 
are  worthy  of  note:  — 

Francis  d'Assisi  (1182-1227),  the  Italian  St.  Francis,  founder  of  the 
Franciscan  Friars,  was  the  first  poet  to  use  the  Italian  speech, 
nearly  a  hundred  years  before  Dante.  It  was  the  Provengal 
tongue  which  other  poets  used  in  Italy,  and  St.  Francis  used 
one  of  the  common  Italian  dialects  in  order  to  come  nearer  to 
the  common  people 15   5919-24 

Giacomino  da  Verona,  an  Italian  poet  of  the  thirteenth  century;  au- 
thor of  crude  but  striking  poems  in  the  Veronese  dialect  on 
heaven  and  hell,  which  are  believed  to  have  suggested  the 
< Divine  Comedy^  to  Dante 42        215 

Jacopone  da  Todi  (i 230-1 306),  an  Italian  Pietist  poet  and  satirist; 
author  of  dialect  poems,  notable  for  stinging  sarcasm  aimed 
against  Pope  Boniface  VIII 42        286 

Cavalcanti,  Guido  (1235-1300),  one  of  the  earliest  Italian  poets,  author 

of  sonnets,  ballads,  and  songs 42         99 

Guinicelli,  Guido  (1240-76),  an  Italian  poet,  author  of  poems,  apostro- 
phized by  Dante  as  a  model  of  grace  and  style 42        239 

Polo,  Marco  (1254-1324),  a  famous  Italian  traveler  of  Venice;  from 
1271  to  1292  in  the  service  of  Kublai,  the  Khan  of  Tartary,  and 
able  thus  to  collect  information  which  was  later  given  to  a 
friend  and  brought  out  as  <The  Book  of  Marco  Polo> 43        434 

Cecco  d'  Ascoli  (1257-1327),  an  Italian  poet,  student  of  astrology  and 

of  demonology,  burned  at  the  stake  for  heretical  opinions 42         99 

Cino  da  Pistoja  (1270-1337),  an  Italian  jurisconsult,  author  of  a 
celebrated  commentary  on  the  Justinian  Code,  an  intimate  friend 
.  of  Dante,  and  one  of  the  lyric  precursors  of  Petrarch 42        no 


xiv  ITALIAN  LITERATURE 

From  Dante  Italy  looks  to  her  second  of  four  great  poets  in 
Petrarch  (1304-74),  the  poet  of  the  passion  of  love,  and  of  one 
beautiful  woman,  Laura,  —  as  the  world  now  knows  him,  but  who 
was  crowned  at  Rome,  laureate  of  Christendom,  on  Easter  Day, 
1341,  for  a  Latin  heroic  poem  on  ^Africa.  ^  A  magnificent  Latin 
scholar  as  well  as  delightful  writer  of  Italian  verse,  Petrarch  is 
a  grand  figure,  second  only  to  Dante.  The  Library  makes  for 
him  a  book  of  twenty-seven  pages  (Vol.  xxix,  11357-83),  giving  nine 
pages  of  story,  and  nineteen  beautiful  examples.  Of  writers  of 
the  age  of  Petrarch  we  may  note:  — 

Boccaccio  (1313-75),  whose  prose  *  Decameron, >  or  <Ten  Days'  Enter- 
tainment with  Novelle,  >  tales  rich  in  varied  charm  and  de- 
light, justifies  a  book  of  twenty-six  pages 5  2089-115 

Catherine,  St.,  of  Sienna  (1347-80),  author  of  greatly  admired  letters 
and  treatises,  dictated  during  ecstasy, — a  new  edition  of  her 
writings  in  1896 42         98 

Bruni,  Leonardo  (1369-1444),  a  noted   humanist,  translator   of   Greek 

and  Latin  classics 42         80 

Poggio  Bracciolini,  Gian  Francesco  (1380-1459),  an  eminent  Italian 
humanist,  who  contributed  greatly  to  the  discovery  of  manu- 
scripts of  the  ancient  classics,  and  made  several  translations 
into  Greek  from  the  Latin 43       433 

Beccadelli,  Antonio  (1394-1471),  an  Italian  humanist  and  poet,  rich  in 

wit  and  fancy 42         49 

Alberti,  Leone  Battista  (1404-72),  eminent  Italian  architect;  author  of, 
both  Latin  and  Italian  poetry,  of  essays  in  theology,  law,  art, 
and  architecture 42  9 

Puici,  Luigi  (1432-87),  author  of  <Morgante  Maggiore>  (first  printed 

1481) 30  11891-903;  43  444 

Bojardo,  M.  M.   (1434-94),  famous  for  his  romantic  epic,  < Orlando > .  .42         66 

Vespucci,  Amerigo  (1451-1512),  a  celebi'ated  Italian  navigator,  author 
of  an  account  of  voyages  to  continental  lands  discovered  apart 
from  Columbus,  and  much  farther  south  (now  Brazil),  which 
occasioned  the  suggestion  that  a  « New  "World  ^>  had  been  found 
and  that  it  should  be  named  after  the  reporter  of  the  discov- 
eries   43        546 

Vinci,  Leonardo  da  (1452-1519),  a  great  Italian  painter;  one  of  the 
greatest  artists  of  the  world ;  author  of  works  on  painting,  archi- 
tecture, and  mathematics  of  great  repute 43        549 

Politian,  Angelo  (1454-94),  a  celebrated  Italian  humanist;  professor  of 
Greek  and  Latin  literature  at  Florence;  author  of  translations, 
from  Greek  into  Latin,  of  Homer,  Hippocrates,  Epictetus,  Plato, 
Galen,  and  Plutarch,  and  of  poems,  essays,  and  sketches  in  ele- 
gant Latin,  with  some  stanzas  and  a  lyric  drama  in  Italian.  .  .43        434 

*Bibbiena>>   (Dovizio,   Bernardo)    (1470-1520),   poet,   cardinal   under 

Leo  X.,  and  author  of  earliest  Italian  comedy 42         58 


ITALIAN   LITERATURE  XV 

Accolti,  Bernardo  (1465-1535),  a  greatly  admired  Italian  poet,  bril- 
liant in  improvisation,  apostolic  secretary  to  Leo  X. ,  and  writer 
of  the  papal  bull  against  Luther  (1520) 42  3 

Niccolo,  Machiavelli  (1469-15  27),  the  greatest  prose-writer  of  the 
Italian  Renaissance  and  the  precursor  in  his  ideas  and  his 
patriotic  ardor  of  the  united  and  armed  Italy  of  to-day 24  9479-94 

Bembo,   Pietro   (1470-1547),  celebrated  Italian  humanist;  secretary  to 

Pope  Leo  X. ;  author  of  poems,  dialogues,  and  essays 42  53 

Copernicus  (1473-1543).  whose  life  set  in  motion  a  complete  new 
departure  in  human  ideas  of  the  place  of  the  world  in  the 
universe '. 10  4040-4 

Ariosto  (1474-1533),  born  into  the  age  next  after  that  of  Columbus, 
just  a  hundred  years  after  the  death  of  Petrarch,  came  third  in 
Italy's  great  tradition  of  poetry.  His  <  Orlando  Furioso>  is  an 
epic  poem  longer  than  Homer's  Iliad  and  Odyssey  taken  to- 
gether, an  endless  series  of  stories  of  romantic  adventure  so 
attractively  told  as  to  compel  the  interest  of  the  reader.  The 
story  as  told  in  the  Library  (Vol.  2,  741-59)  shows  both  the 
man  and  the  poet.  And  how  Pulci  (1431-84),  the  little-known 
author  of  the  first  romantic  poem  which  Italy  produced,  had 
prepared  the  way  for  Ariosto,  by  his  grotesquely  humerous 
ridicule  of  the  troubadours,  is  also  told  in  the  Library  (Vol.  30, 
11891-11903),  with  eleven  pages  of  Pulci's  masterpiece,  as  it 
was  translated  by  Lord  Byron.  Of  writers  to  be  counted  after 
Ariosto  the  chief  names  are  these:  — 

Michel  Angelo  (1475-1564),  a  poet  in  his  sonnets  second  only  to 
Dante  and  Petrarch,  as  well  as  a  grand  sculptor,  painter,  and 
architect,  and  one  of  the  grandest  men  in  the  history  of  cul- 
ture ;  fully  portrayed  in  the  Library 25  9977-81 

Castiglione  (1478-1529),  author  of  <The  Courtier,>  a  prose  volume, 
greatly  improved  the  Italian  of  the  cultivated  class,  as  Boccac- 
cio had  used  it 8  3339-46 

Bandello,  Matteo  (1480-1561),  Italian  ecclesiastic  and  novelist,  author 

of  tales  delineating  the  manners  of  the  times 42         40 

Guicciardini,  Francesco  (1483-1540),  an  Italian  historian,  prominent  in 
the  public  life  of  his  time,  and  author  of  a  g^reat  work  recount- 
ing the  political  events  of  1492  to  1534 42        238 

Colonna,   Vittoria   (1490-1547),   notable   woman  and   poet,    especially 

associated  in  literary  history  with  Michel  Angelo 42        116 

Folengo,  Teofilo  (1491-1554),  an  Italian  poet;  author  of  comico-heroic 
poems,  the  satire  of  which  is  directed  mostly  against  the  monks ; 
the  first  poet  to  win  fame  as  a  writer  of  macaronic  verses 42        193 

Aretino,  Pietro  (1492-1556),  Italian  satirical  poet  and  dramatist; 
author  of  a  tragedy  in  verse,  comedies  in  prose,  and  epistles 
of  historical  value 42         23 

Firenzuola  (1493-1545).  author  of  novels  marked  by  a  delightful 
style.  He  also  wrote  comedies,  love  poems,  ballads,  and  bur- 
lesque and  satirical  pieces 14  5755-65 


xvi  ITALIAN   LITERATURE 

Gelli,  Giambattista  (1493-1563),  an  Italian  literary  critic  and  dram- 
atist; author  of  famous  comedies,  and  of  very  successful 
studies  of  Dante  and  Petrarch. 42        212 

Tasso,  Bernardo  (1493-1569),  an  Italian  poet  of  Venice;  father  of  the 
greater  Tasso;  author  of  ^Amadis  of  Gaul,>  of  narrative  and 
other  poems,  and  of  numerous  interesting  letters 43        515 

Alamanni,  Luigi  (1495-1556),  Italian  poet  notable  for  a  work  on  agri- 
culture in  imitation  of  Virgil's  < Georgics > 42  9 

Cellini,  Benvenuto  (1500-71),  whose  <  Memoirs >  the .  Library  cele- 
brates, by  thirty-two  pages  of  story  and  examples,  as  one  among 
the  three  or  four  best  autobiographies  of  the  world's  literature.  8  3371-402 

Grazzini,  Antonio  Francesco  (1503-84),  Italian  poet  and  humorist; 
author  of  highly  amusing  comedies,  literary  burlesques,  and 
tales,  on  the  model  of  Boccaccio;  founder  of  the  famous  «Ac- 
cademia  della  Crusca  ^> 42        231 

Giraldi,  Giovanni  Battista  (1504-73),  Italian  poet,  novelist,  and  dram- 
atist; a  brilliant  figure  in  philosophy  and  medicine,  as  well  as 
literature;  author  of  plays  of  which  *Orbecche>  is,  perhaps,  the 
most  powerful  tragedy  written  between  the  classical  period 
and    Shakespeare 42        219 

Vasari  (1512-74),  a  painter  and  architect  of  distinction,  contemporary 
with  Michel  Angelo,  Raphael,  and  Andrea  del  Sarto,  gave  to 
Italian  literature  a  permanently  valuable  work  on  <  Lives  of 
the  Most  Eminent  Painters,  Sculptors,  and  Architects > 37  15248-56 

Vesalius,  Andreas  (1514-64),  a  celebrated  Italian  physician,  founder 
of  the  modern  science  of  anatomy,  author  of  a  great  work  on 
the  <  Structure  of  the  Human  Body  > 43        546 

Cecchi,  Giammaria  (1518-87),  Italian  dramatist,  author  of  many 
plays  and  religious  dramas,  notable  for  portraiture  of  character 
and  liveliness  of  dialogue 42         99 

Beccari,  Agostini  (1540-90),  earliest  Italian  pastoral  poet 42         49 

Zoppio,  Melchiore  (i 544-1634),  Italian  dramatist  and  essayist 43        598 

Zappi,  Giovanni  Battista  (i 540-1600),  an  Italian  writer,  author  of  a 
remarkable  book,  prose  mixed  with  verse,  in  which  it  was  at- 
tempted to  sum  up  the  life  and  character  of  Christ 43        594 

Tasso  (1544-95),  who  completes  the  Italian  greatest  four  of  poets,  in 
a  book  of  the  Library  forty-nine  pages  in  length,  —  a  story  of 
seven  pages,  and  twenty-four  fine  examples 36  14469-517 

Bruno  (i  548-1600),  whose  singularly  brilliant  career,  through  the  last 
quarter  of  the  sixteenth  century,  ended  with  his  martyrdom 
February  17,  1600,  at  Rome 6  2613-22 

Chiabrera,  Gabriello   (1552-1637),  Italian  author  of  odes,  Anacreontic 

songs,  epic  and  dramatic  poems,  and  an  autobiographical  sketch. 42        106 

Campanella,  Tomaso  (i 568-1639),  famous  Italian  philosopher,  victim 
for  twenty-seven  years  of  a  Spanish  prison,  and  author  of  ad- 
vanced philosophical  studies 42         90 

Aleandro,  Girolamo   (1574-1629),   Italian  antiquary  and  poet  of  taste 

and  refinement 42         11 


ITALIAN  LITERATURE  xvii 

Davila,  Arrigo  (1576-1631),  an  Italian  statesman  of  distinction,  author 
of  a  very  valuable  <  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  in  France  >  from 
1560  to  1597 42       134 

Basile,  G.  B.  (-1634),  Italian  poet  and  writer  of  fairy  tales  in  Nea- 
politan dialect 42         46 

Andreini,  G.  B.  (i 578-1650),  Italian  comedian  and  poet  from  whose 
sacred  drama  <Adam>  (16 13)  Milton  is  by  some  supposed  to 
have  obtained  the  idea  of  ^Paradise  Lost* 42         19 

Bentivoglio,  Guido  (i 579-1644),  Italian  cardinal,  historian,  and  author 

of  memoirs 42  54 

Balbi,  Gaspare,  a  Venetian  merchant;  author  of  travels  in  India 
(1579-88),  the  first  European  description  of  India  beyond  the 
Ganges 42         38 

Testi,  Fulvio,  Count  (1593-1646),  an  Italian  statesman  and  poet;  one 
of  the  most  notable  lyric  poets  of  Italy  in  his  time;  author  of 
songs,  ballads,  dramas,  an  uncompleted  epic,  and  a  poem 
portraying  the  situation  of  Italy  under  the  Spanish  yoke 43        520 

Filicaia  (1642-1707),  an  Italian  poet  who  achieved  European  distinc- 
tion by  six  famous  odes  in  which  he  celebrated  the  deliverance 
of  Vienna  from  the  invading  Turks  in  1683;  he  counts  among 
the  initiators  of  the  more  recent  development  of  poetry  in  Italy.  1 4  5732-34 

Ceva,  Tommaso  (1648-1736),  Italian  Jesuit,  a  poet  and  mathemati- 
cian, notable  for  promoting  knowledge  of  Newton's  discovery 
of  gravitation 42        loi 

Muratori,  Ludovico  Antonio  (1672-1750),  an  eminent  Italian  librarian 
at  Milan  and  at  Modena,  author  of  extensive  works  of  the 
greatest  value  on  Italian  history  and  antiquities 43       397 

Fortiguerri,  Niccold  (1674-1735),  an  Italian  poet,  author  of  a  comico- 

satirical  epic  in  which  he  lashes  the  vices  of  the  clergy 42        196 

Forcellini,  Egidio  (1688-1768),  an  Italian  scholar  in  Latin;  author, 
with  Facciolati,  of  a  ^Dictionary  of  all  Latinity>  (1771)  of 
very  great  and  accurate  learning 42        195 

Frugoni,  Carlo  Maria  (1692-1768),  an  Italian  poet,  professor  of  rhet- 
oric, poet  laureate  at  the  court  of  Parma,  and  author  of 
< History  of  the  House  of  Farnese > 42        204 

Liguori,  Alfonso  Maria  de  (1696-1787),  an  Italian  theologian,  founder 
of  the  religious  congregation  of  Redemptorists,  and  author  of 
an  elaborate  <  Moral  Theology  > 43       342 

Metastasio,  Pietro  (1698-1782),  a  celebrated  Italian  poet;  author  of 
lyrical  dramas  of  great  repute,  and  of  sonnets,  idyls,  elegies, 
criticisms,  and  letters,  probably  the  most  famous  Continental 
poet  of  his  time 43       380 

Goldoni  (1707-93)1  the  author  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  comedies, 
and  a  dramatist  of  skill  and  charm  in  construction,  plot,  and 
character-drawing;  is  counted  the  father  of  modern  Italian 
comedy 16  6475-79 

Algarotti,  Count  Francesco  (1712-64),   Italian  critic,   art  writer  and 

poet ;  a  count  of  Prussia 42         13 

2. 


xviii  ITALIAN  LITERATURE 

Gozzi,  Count  Gasparo  (1713-86),  eminently  successful  Italian  journal- 
ist, essayist,  and  poet;  notable  for  his  critical  Dante  studies.  . .  .42        228 

Baretti,  G.  M.  (1719-89),  distinguished  Italian  literary  journalist  and 

author  of  English-Italian  dictionary 42         42 

Gozzi,  Count  Carlo  (i 720-1 806),  Italian  comedy  writer,  at  first  under 
French  influence,  but  later  turning  his  native  folklore  into  de- 
lightful comedies,  worked  up  with  infinite  cleverness 42        228 

Casti,  Giambattista  (1721-1803),  Italian  poet,  especially  successful  in 

poetic  satires  and  comic  operas 42         98 

Albergati  Capacelli,  Francesco  (1728-1804),  Italian  dramatist,  especially 

excellent  as  a  comedy  writer 42  9 

Parini  (1729-99),  author  of  satires  attacking  the  corruption  of  his  times, 
ranks  as  an  Italian  satirist  of  the  purest  type.  His  early  works 
in  1763  and  1765  mark  improvement  in  Italian  blank  verse.  28  11042-46 

Cesarotti,  Melchiore  (1730-1808),  Italian  scholar  and  poet,  professor  at 

Padua,  translator  of  *Ossian,>  and  critical  essayist 42        100 

Cerretti,  Luigi  (i 738-1808),  Italian  poet  and  rhetorician,  celebrated  as 
professor  of  oratory,  and  a  writer  of  great  purity  and  elegance 
of  style 42        100 

Meli,  Giovanni  (1740-1815),  the  greatest  of  Sicilian  poets;  university 
professor  of  pharmaceutical  chemistry  at  Palermo;  author  of 
songs,  witty  satires,  and  fables,  two  epics,  and  an  heroic-comic 
poem  in  the  style  of  < Don  Quixote > 43       377 

Bond!,  Clemente  (1742-1821),  Italian  liberal  Jesuit  and  humorist  poet ..  4  2         67 

Alfieri  (i  749-1 803),  the  founder  of  Italian  tragedy,  produced  his  great 
dramas  in  the  years  1775-89,  with  the  supreme  purpose  of  arous- 
ing hatred  of  the  Spanish  domination  under  which  Italy  lay. . .  i     371-S2 

Monti,  Vincenzo  (1754-1828),  a  celebrated  Italian  poet.  Napoleon's 
Italian  court  historiographer,  author  of  tragedies  and  of  an 
<  Italian   Dictionary  * 43       389 

Cicci,  Maria  Luigia  (1760-94),  Italian  woman  poet,  notably  represen- 
tative of  Dante's  influence,  and  author  of  studies  of  philosophy, 
physics,  and   history 42        109 

Botta,  Carlo  G.  G.  (1766-1837),  eminent  Italian  historian 42         69 

Daru,  Count  Pierre  Antoine  (1767-1829),  poet  and  historian,  notable 

for  his  <  History  of  Venice  ^ 42        132 

Arrivabene,  Ferd.  (1770-1834),  Italian  poet  and  author  of  works  on  the 

history  of  literature 42         27 

Foscolo,  Ugo  (1778-1827),  a  celebrated  Italian  patriot  and  poet;  author  of 

tragedies,  satires,  and  poems  reflecting  intense  Italian  patriotism .  4  2        197 

Arici,  Cesare  (1782-1836),  Italian  author  of  didactic  poetry,  of  pastor- 
als and  of  an  incomplete  epic  on  <  The  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  ^.42         24 

Berchet,  G.  (1783-1851),  a  favorite  patriot,  poet,  and  political  thinker 

of  Italy 42  55 

Barbieri,  G.  (1783-1852),  Italian  poet  and  pulpit  orator,  notable  for 

tasteful   eloquence 42         42 

Manzoni  (1785-1873),  a  typical  Italian  patriot  and  poet,  whose  best 
work  was  done  in  the  years  1810-25;  wrote  exceedingly  fine  odes, 


ITALIAN   LITERATURE  xix 

tragedies,  religious  hymns,  and  one  of  the  masterpieces  of  fiction, 
<The  Betrothed.  >  The  story  of  his  brilliant  career,  with  three 
fine  examples  from  <The  Betrothed,  >  filling  twenty  pages,  and 
two  grand  poetical  pieces,  of  three  pages  each,  make  up  a  rich 
book  of  modern  Italy's  greatest  poet 24  9671-701 

Balbo,  Count  Cesare  (1789-1853),  Italian  publicist,  statesman,  and  his- 
torian   42         38 

Pellico  (1789-1854),  has  a  book  of  fascinating  interest  in  the  Library, 
including  seventeen  pages  of  examples.  His  great  work  is  the 
story  which  he  told  of  imprisonment  for  the  ten  years,  1822-32, 
when  Austria  was  the  tyrant  of  Italy 28  1 1263-82 

Giannone,  Pietro  (1790-18  73),  an  Italian  soldier  under  Napoleon,  and 
later  a  poet  in  Paris  and  Florence,  author  of  works  intensely 
antagonizing  political  evils  in  Italy 42       215 

Belli,  G.  G.  (1791-1863),  noted  Roman  humorist  and  satirical  poet, 
violently  anti-Catholic,  but  later  a  zealous  convert,  and  author 
of  translation  of  Roman  breviary 42         52 

Rosmini,  Antonio  (1797-1855),  an  Italian  ecclesiastic  and  philosopher, 
most  notable  for  his  work  on  the  origins  of  ideas:  regarded  by 
his  disciples  as  the  greatest  name  in  modern  metaphysics 43       468 

Leopardi  (1798-1837),  who  wrote  poems  of  remarkable  perfection  in 
the  years  1819-33,  is  reputed  to  have  become  a  perfect  Greek 
in  spirit  and  in  style 22  8977-83 

D'Azeglio  ( 1 798-1866),  son-in-law  of  Manzoni,  a  painter  of  distinction 
and  a  statesman  in  1849-52,  under  Victor  Emmanuel,  wrote 
novels  of  patriotism,  and  a  remarkably  interesting  volume  of 
<  Recollections,  >  from  which  the  Library  gives  ten  pages  of 
examples 3   1 129-40 

Carrer,  Luigi  (1801-50),  Italian  poet,  author  of  a  poetical  history  of 

Venice,  and  of  volumes  of  prose  and  poetry  of  great  merit.  . .  .42         95 

Gioberti,  Vincenzo  (1801-52),  an  Italian  statesman  and  philosopher, 
author  of  writings  of  strongly  liberal  tendency,  and  after  1848 
Sardinian  prime  minister 42        218 

Brofferio,   Angelo    (1802-66),    Italian   journalist  and  poet,   author   of 

<Memoirs> 42  76 

Cantil  (1805-95),  whom  Austrian  despotism  tried  to  crush,  wrote  in 
prison  a  novel  which  was  a  great  success,  and  after  expulsion 
from  a  chair  of  history  wrote  a  <  Universal  History  >  in  thirty 
volumes,  which  went  through  forty  editions,  and  was  translated 
into  many  languages.  He  was  hardly  less  successful  in  other 
important  historical  works 8  3199-205 

Mazzini  (1805-72),  the  celebrated  Italian  enthusiast  for  popular  free- 
dom, was  a  writer  of  essays  and  criticisms  reflecting  his  radi- 
cal views.  His  story  and  several  pages  of  his  thoughts  show 
him  to  have  been  of  importance  in  Italian  literature 25  9843-52 

Ruffini  (1807-81),  one  of  the  band  of  ardent  patriots  under  Mazzini,    . 
and  author  of  a  series  of  novels  depicting  Italian   life   in  the 
revolutionary  days  of  1833  and  1848,  produced  in  <Dr.  Antonio* 


XX  ITALIAN  LITERATURE 

an  exceptionally  fine  novel,  thirteen  pages  from  which  are  given 

in   the    Library 31   12471-86 

Dair  Ongaro,  Francesco  (1808-73),  a  suspended  priest;  author  of 
poems,  dramas,  comedies,  novels,  stories,  hymns,  and  ballads, 
inspired  by  extreme  liberalism 42        130 

Giusti  (1809-50),  a  thoughtful  patriot  in  the  days  of  Austrian  tyranny, 

and  a  refined  poet,  achieved  the  highest  distinction  as  a  satirist.  1 6  6355-58 

Regaldi,  Giuseppe  (1809-83),  an  Italian  poet,  author  of  volumes  of 
popular  patriotic  verse,  and  a  very  successful  improvisatore  in 
the  principal  cities  of  Italy,  France,  Germany,  and  Switzerland .  4  3       454 

Cavour,  Count  (1810-61),  the  most  eminent  of  Italian  statesmen, 
creator  of  Italy's  present  place  in  Europe,  author  of  letters  and 
speeches  of  great  interest 42         99 

Gallenga,  Antonio  Carlo  Napoleon  (1810-),  an  Italian  publicist  and 
author,  London  Times's  special  correspondent;  and  writer  of 
travels,  historical  studies,  and  a  valuable  Italian  drama 42        207 

Farini,  Carlo  Luigi  (1812-66),  an  Italian  statesman  of  distinction  in 
the  development  of  recent  Italy,  and  author  of  important  con- 
tributions to  Italian  history 42        180 

Ferrari,  Giuseppe  (1812-76),  an  Italian  historian  and  philosophical  writer, 

profoundly  influential  in  shaping  the  thought  of  recent  Italy.  ..42        184 

Aleardi  (1812-78),  one  of  the  rarest  of  minor  Italian  poets,  is  not  less 
interesting  in  the  passionate  patriotism  which  found  brilliant 
expression  in  his  verse,  during  the  struggle  which  preceded  the 
liberation  of  Italy i     349-53 

Carcano,  Giulio  (1812-84),  Italian  poet  and  novelist,  extraordinarily  suc- 
cessful in  depicting  Italian  family  life;  translator  also  of  several 
of  Shakespeare's  plays 42         93 

Ferrazzi,  Giuseppe  Jacopo  (1813-87),  an  Italian  critic,  essayist,  and 
Dante  scholar;  author  of  invaluable  < Handbooks  to  Dante, >  and 
studies  of  Torquato-Tasso  and  Ariosto 42        185 

La  Farina,  Giuseppe  (1815-63),  an  Italian  democratic  leader  and  his- 
torian, for  some  time  a  political  refugee,  author  of  <  History  of 
Italy  Narrated  to  the  Italian  People  > 43        321 

Fanfiani,  Pietro  (1815-79),  ^^  Italian  philologist,  humorist,  journalist, 
and  novelist;  author  of  works  combining  high  authority  with 
popular  interest 42        179 

Botero,  G.  (1815-85),  Italian  educator,  author  of  romances  and  apo- 
logues   42         68 

Calenz6li,  G.  (1815-),  an  Italian  dramatist,  author  of  very  successful 

comedies 42  88 

Giacometti,  Paolo  (1816-82),  an  Italian  dramatist  of  distinction  from 
his  twentieth  year;  an  author  of  prolific  genius  and  astonishing 
versatility 42        215 

Fusinato,  Arnaldo  (1817-88),  an  Italian  poet  and  political  humorist, 

author  of  works  widely  circulated  and  permanently  popular  ...  4  2        206 

Franchi,  Ausonio  (1821-),  an  Italian  philosophical  and  religious  writer, 

author  of  works  representing  extreme  rationalism 42        199 


ITALIAN   LITERATURE  Xxi 

De  Sanctis,  Francesco  (1818-83),  Italian  educator,  critic,  and  literary- 
historian  ;  author  of  a  <  History  of  Italian  Literature  *  and  <  Criti- 
cal  Essays  > 42        141 

Minghetti,  Marco  (1818-86),  an  Italian  statesman  of  distinction,  jour- 
nalist, and  miscellaneous  writer;  author  of  recollections,  a  biog- 
raphy of  Raphael,  and  of  Literary  Studies  of  special  Italian 
interest 43        3S4 

Govean,  Felice  (1819-),  an  Italian  democratic  journalist,  dramatist,  and 

publicist,  of  international  reputation  and  immense  Italian  success.  42        228 

Carutti  di  Cantogno,  Domenico  (1821-),  an  Italian  publicist  and  his- 
torian of  great  distinction;  author  of  histories  of  the  reigns  of 
Amadeus  II.  and  Charles  Emanuel  III 42         96 

Ferrari,  Paolo  (1822-89),  ^''^  Italian  dramatist,  author  of  comedies  re- 
ceived with  great  critical  and  popular  favor 42        184 

Canini,  Marco  Antonio  (1822-91),  Italian  poet  and  political  agitator, 
journalist,  and  author  of  translations  of  love  songs  from  nearly 
150  languages 42         92 

Alberti,  Luigi  (1822-),  Italian  dramatist  and  poet,  author  of  numerous 

comedies 42  10 

Caccianiga,  Antonio  (1823-),  an  Italian  author  of  novels  in  popular 

style,  and  of  studies  of  French  life 42         87 

Ciconi,  Teobaldo  (1824-63),  Italian  poet,  author  of  lyrics  and  of  very 

successful  comedies 42        109 

Ciampi,  Ignazio  (1824-80),  an  Italian  jurist;  professor  of  modern  his- 
tory at  Rome;  author  of  poems,  works  on  history  and  litera- 
ture, biographies,  and  histories 42        109 

Capecelatro,  Alphonse,  Cardinal  (1824-),  an  Italian  controversialist 
and  biographer,  distinguished  as  Italy's  leading  contemporary 
Roman   Catholic  writer 42         93 

Barattani,  Felipe  (1825-),  Italian  poet  and  dramatist 42         41 

Bonghi,  Ruggero  (1826-),  popular  Italian  writer  on  Greek  philosophy, 

a  life  of  Jesus,  and  Italian  history 42         67 

Arnaboldi,  Alessandro  (1827-),  an  Italian  poet  of  the  highest  distinc- 
tion and  popularity 42         25 

Fambri,  Paul  (1827-),  an  Italian  dramatist,  story -writer,  military  and 
literary  essayist  and  scholar;  author  of  comedies,  novels,  and 
criticisms 42        179 

Villari  (1827-),  author  of  two  great  works  on  Savonarola  and  Machia- 
velli,  and  of  other  historical  studies,  is  an  Italian  writer  of  the 
highest  distinction.  Twenty  pages  of  his  <  Savonarola  >  are  given 
as  an  example  in  the  Library 38  15354-76 

Codemo  Luigia  (1828-),  Italian  author  of  numerous  sketches  and  tales 
marked  by  insight  into  and  sympathy  with  the  life  of  the  com- 
mon people 42        1 14 

Bosio,  Ferd.  (1829-81),  Italian  educator,  historian,  poet,  and  novelist.  4  2         68 

Costetti,  Giuseppe  (1834-),  Italian  dramatist  of  very  great  fame  for 
his  early  dramas,  and  later  even  more  successful  with  his 
comedies 42        122 


xxii  ITALIAN   LITERATURE 

Cossa,  Pietro  (1830-81),  Italian  dramatist,  professor  of  Italian  litera- 
ture, author  of  lyric  poems,  and  especially  successful  in  his 
dramas,  <Nero,>  <Messalina,>  <  Julian  the  Apostate,^  and  <Cleo- 
patra> 42        121 

Bersezio,  Vittorio  (1830-),  author  of  tales  and  comedies  faithfully  de- 
lineating Piedmontese  life 42  57 

Bartoli,  Adolfo  (1833-),  eminent  historian  of   Italian  literature 42         45 

Chiarini,  Giuseppe  (1833-),  an  Italian  poet  and  critic,  literary  editor, 

and  translator  from  English  and  German  poets 42        106 

Carrara,  Valentino  (1834-),  an  Italian  dramatic  poet  of  great  orig- 
inality, especially  in  comedy  and  vaudevilles,  and  notable  for 
historical  sketches  and  delineation  of  Florentine  life 42         95 

<< Castelnovo,  Leo  di »  (Count  Leopoldo  PuUe)  (1835-),  Italian  drama- 
tist and  poet,  politically  conspicuous,  especially  in  comedies.  . .  .42         98 

Carducci  (1836-),  the  Italian  poet  and  essayist,  and  professor  in  the 
University  of  Bologna,  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  univer- 
sally recognized  by  his  countrymen  as  their  national  prophet 
and  the  true  representative  of  Italian  literary  genius.  Twelve 
pages  of  his  finest  poems  are  given  in  the  Library 8  3206-20 

Ferrigni,  Piero  (1836-),  an  Italian  journalist,  topical  and  descriptive 
writer,  a  prodigious  popular  favorite  for  his  genius  in  treating 
subjects  of  the  day 42        185 

Barrlli,  A.  G.  (1836-),  Italian  journalist  and  novelist 42         44 

Castelnuovo,    Enrico    (1839-),    Italian    novelist    of    great    popularity, 

specially  representing  the  <<  novel  of  the  inner  life  * 42         98 

Betteloni,  Vittorio  (1840-),  a  poet  and  professor  of  Italian  history  and 

literature  at  Verona 42  58 

'Cantoni,  Carlo  (1840-),  an  Italian  philosopher  of  international  fame 
for  his  expositions  of  the  philosophy  of  Kant  and  other  philo- 
sophical works 42  93 

'Gubernatis,  Angelo  de  (1840-),  an  Italian  critic,  poet,  philologist,  and 
historian;  author  of  translations,  original  dramas,  and  poems, 
and  literary  studies  of  extreme  interest  and  value 42        237 

"Verga  (1840-),  an  Italian  novelist  of  consummate  power,  who  has 
especially  shown  a  master  hand  in  his  stories  of  peasant  life  in 
Sicily;  is  represented  in  the  Library  by  a  whole  tale  fourteen 
pages  in  length 38  15297-312 

Milelli,  Domenico  (1841-),  an  Italian  poet,  a  prolific  writer  of  ex- 
tremely realistic  literature,  author  of  verses  and  songs  which 
have  been  very  popular 43        382 

Boito,  Arrigo  (1842-),  Italian  poet  and  musical  composer 42         66 

Bonacci-Brunamonti,  Maria  (1842-),  author  of  popular  Italian  national 

songs 42         67 

Cavallotti,   Felice    (1842-),    Italian   poet,    author   of    political   poems, 

tragedies,  and  lyrics 42         99 

Pitre,  Giuseppe  (1843-),  an  Italian  collector  of  folklore,  compiler  and 
editor  of  collections  devoted  to  the  popular  traditions  of  Italy 
and  Sicily 43       431 


ITALIAN  LITERATURE  xxiii 

Zerbi,  Rocco  de  (1843-),  an  Italian  journalist,  political  leader,  and 
writer  of  both  prose  and  verse;  author  of  notable  critical  work 
and  of  great  political  influence 4  3       595 

Bicci,  Ersilio  (1845-),  poet  and  professor  of  Italian  literature  at  Flor- 
ence   42         58 

Farina,  Salvatore  (1846-),  an  Italian  novelist  notable  for  sympathy 
with  lowly  life,  and  for  humor  in  the  manner  of  Dickens, — the 
best  known  abroad  of  all  Italian  novelists • 42        179 

Giozza,  Pier  Giacinto  (1846-),  an  Italian  critic,  poet,  essayist,  and 
Dante  student;  author  of  writings  accounted  among  the  best  in 
recent  Italian  literature 42       218 

De  Amicis  (1846-),  who  attained  great  popularity  in  Italy  by  a  vol- 
ume of  short  stories  in  1869,  and  by  other  stories,  later,  reached 
extraordinary  success  in  his  picturesque  reports  of  travel  in 
Holland,  Spain,  Morocco,  and  at  Constantinople,  Paris,  and 
London.  Twenty -three  pages  of  examples  are  given  in  the 
Library , i    453-78 

Lanciani,  Rodolfo  Amedeo  (1847-),  an  Italian  archaeologist,  celebrated 
for  investigation  of  the  ruins  of  classical  Rome,  and  author  of 
works  depicting  discoveries  in  Roman  history 43        324 

Giacosa,  Giuseppe  (1847-),  an  Italian  dramatist,  author  of  plays  and 
comedies  marked  by  wit  and  taste,  and  irresistibly  satirical  in 
his  treatment  of  contemporary  Italian  social  life 42        215 

Colombi,  Marchioness,  an  Italian  novelist  of  to-day  noteworthy  for  her 

powerful  description  of  the  miseries  of  Italian  peasant  life 42        116 

Graf,  Arturo  (1848-),  an  Italian  poet,  historian  of  literature,  and 
critic,  a  university  professor  since  1882  at  Turin,  and  author  of 
valuable  literary  studies 42        229 

Arnulii,  Alberto  (1849-88),  a  Piedmontese  dialect  poet;  author  of  a 
collection  of  satirical  sonnets,  and  of  a  drama  depicting  Roman 
society 42         26 

Barbiera,  Raphael  (1851-),  an  Italian  journalist  and  poet  of  distinction.  4  2         42 

CiampoU,  Domenico  (185 5-),  Italian  novelist;  author  of  stories  and 
romances  picturing  peasant  life  in  Southern  Italy,  and  of 
several  volumes  devoted  to  special  study  of  Slavic  literature ...  4  2        109 

Serao,  Madame  Matilda  (1856-),  a  woman  whose  romances  and 
tales  represent  the  most  recent  literary  movement  in  Italy, 
began  literary  work  as  a  reporter,  and  later  became  an  editor 
at  Naples 33   13133-52 

Antona-Traversi,  Camillo    (185 7-),  an   Italian   literary   historian   and 

dramatist;  author  of  comedies  and  numerous  essays  and  studies. 42         21 

D'Annunzio  (1864-),  an  Italian  novelist  of  bold  realism  after  the 
most  extreme  French  examples;  a  poet  also.  His  < Triumph  of 
Death,  >  a  large  example  from  which  is  given  in  the  Library, 
Brunetiere  pronounces  unsurpassed  in  naturalistic  realism 2    574-85 


xxiv  SPANISH  LITERATURE 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Spanish  Literature  had  no  distinct  beginning  until  the 
period  following  the  breaking  up  of  Arabic  Spain,  and  the  con- 
sequent growth  of  Christian  states,  such  as  Castile.  The  earliest 
efforts  of  learning  stnd  letters  in  Spain  were  to  no  small  extent 
those  of  Jewish  scholars  using  Arabic  as  a  learned  tongue.  The 
names  given  under  Arabic  Literature  may  be  compared  with 
some  of  the  following:  — 

Yusuf,  Abu  Amru  (976-1070),  a  Spanish  historian  and  commentator, 
profoundly  versed  in  Oriental  Mussulman  knowledge;  author 
of  works  of  value   for  knowledge  of  Mohammedan  law 43        591 

The  Cid,  an  historical  personage  of  the  last  days  of  Arabic  Spain; 
became  later  a  legendary  hero  of  epic  poems,  dating  from 
about  1200  A.  D.,  and  one,  called  <The  Poem  of  my  Cid,  >  is 
probably  the  earliest  monument  of  Castilian  or  Spanish  litera- 
ture.  A    full    story    with  examples  is    given    in  the  Library.. 9  3725-36 

Ximenes,  Rodrigo  (died    1249),  a  Spanish  prelate  active  in  the  war 

against   the  Moors,    and  author  of  historical   works 43        588 

Gonzalo   de   Berceo  (i  196-1270),    an   early  Spanish   poet,  one  of  the 

first  to  write  in  Castilian 42       225 

Alfonso  the  Wise  (1252-84),  who  ruled  the  newly-united  kingdoms 
of  Castile  and  Leon,  made  himself  the  father  of  Spanish  liter- 
ature, by  the  books  of  which  he  was  the  author,  and  by  his 
care  of  the  language  and  of  learning i     383-88 

Manuel,  Don  Juan  (i 282-1349),  a  Spanish  prince  and  famous  early 
writer;  author  of  a  collection  of  fifty  tales  in  which  he  appears 
as  one  of  the  first  and  best  of  Spanish  prose-writers 43       366 

Ruiz,    Juan    (1300-51),    a    Spanish   poet;    author   of   a   semi-religious 

lover's  text-book;  the  most  original  of  Spanish  mediaeval  poets. 43       472 

Ayala,    Pedro    Lopez   de    (1332-1407),    Spanish    historian,    poet,   and 

statesman 42         32 

Villena  (the  Marquis  of)  (1384-1434),  made  a  beginning  of  improved 
Castilian  poetry  in  an  age  when  little  had  been  produced  ex- 
cept crude  ballads 5        2203 

Santillana,  Marques  de  (1398-1458),  a  Spanish  soldier  in  the  Moorish 
wars;  a  poet  of  much  influence  for  the  reform  of  Castilian 
poetry,  and  the  development  of  Spanish  drama,  —  author,  also, 
of   a   study  of  great   value   in   the   history  of   Spanish  poetry.  43       479 

Ximenes,  Francisco  (1436-1517),  a  Spanish  churchman,  statesman, 
and  cardinal,  promoter,  at  his  own  expense,  of  the  printing  of 
the  < Complutensian  Polyglot  Bible  > 43        588 

Roig,  Jaume,  a  Spanish  physician  of  the  fifteenth  century;  a  poet 
ranked  one  of  the  first  who  followed  the  troubgidours ;  author  of 
a  work  full  of  invectives  against  the  fair  sex 43       464 


SPANISH   LITERATURE  y^^^^. 

Cota,  Rodrigo,  Spanish  poet  of  the  fifteenth  century,  author  of 
pieces  which  are  reckoned  among  the  earliest  of  Spanish  com- 
positions   ■ 42        122 

Encina,  Juan  del  (1469-1534),  a  celebrated  Spanish  poet  and  dram- 
atist; author  of  lyrics,  dramas,  shepherd -plays,  and  pieces  for 
church  holy  seasons 42        170 

Las  Casas  (1474-1566),  a  most  notable  author  of  the  time  of 
Columbus,  is  dealt  with  in  the  Library  and  also  in  the  <  Syn- 
opses of  Noted  Books  > 8  3333-38 

Oviedo  y  Valdez,  Gonzalo  Fernandez  de  (1478-1557),  a  Spanish  his- 
torian, appointed  in  1545  historian  of  the  Spanish  Indies,  and 
author  of  a  ^General  and  Natural  History  of  the  West  Indies'. 43        411 

Castillejo,  Christ6val  de  (1490-1556),  Spanish  poet,  the  latest  repre- 
sentative of  the  earlier  traditional  styles  of  Spain 42         98 

Mcntalvo,  Garcia  Ordonez  de,  a  Spanish  romancer  at  the  end  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  author  of  the  earliest  existing  version  of  the 
famous  <  Amadis  of  Gaul  > 43       388 

Zarate,  Agustin  de  (1492-1560),  a  Spanish  historian,  companion  to 
the  Viceroy  of  Peru  in  1543,  and  author  of  a  history  of  the 
discovery  and  conquest  of  Peru 43        594 

Boscan  (1493-1540),  whose  active  career  was  during  the  years  1526- 
40,  first  wrote  Spanish  verse  in  the  manner  of  Petrarch,  Ital- 
ian culture  having  begun  to  greatly  affect  Spain 5  2203-08 

Del  Castillo  (1498-1593)  is  of  extreme  iaterest  and  importance  for 
his  <True  History  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico, >  in  which  he 
had  participated 11  4613-19 

Cetina,  Gutierre  de  (1500-60),  Spanish   poet    in    Mexico,  notable   for 

his  use  of  Italian  poetic  forms 42        loi 

Ondegardo,  Polo  (1500-70),  a  Spanish  historian,  author  of  manuscripts 
preserved  in  the  archives  of  Simancas  and  the  Escorial  from 
which  Prescott  obtained  information  for  his  ^History  of  the 
Conquest  of  Peru  > 43        409 

Garcilaso  de  la  Vega  (1503-36),  a  Spanish  poet  of  very  high  rank  at 
the  court  of  Charles  V.  ;  author  of  poems  in  great  variety,  the 
influence  of  which  introduced  Italian  finish  into  Spanish  litera- 
ture   42        208 

Mendoza,  Diego  Hurtado  (1503-75),  a  Spanish  army  official,  high  in 
public  life;  author  of  a  famous  satiric  romance  widely  trans- 
lated, and  the  precursor  of  <Gil  Blas> 43        378 

Xavier,  Francisco  (1506-52),  one  of  the  Spanish  founders  of  the  Jesuit 
order,  known  as  the  Apostle  of  the  Indies;  author  of  important 
letters  and  other  writings 43        587 

Servetus,  Michael  (1511-53),  a  Spanish  physician ;  notable  for  intellec- 
tual revolt  against  popular  Protestant  dogma,  and  death  by  fire 
procured  by  the  celebrated  John  Calvin 43        490 

Naharro,  Bartolome  de  Torres,  a  Spanish  dramatist  of  the  sixteenth 
century  whose  pieces,  one  of  them  condemned  by  the  Inquisi- 
tion, are  among  the  earliest  specimens  of  Spanish  drama 43       4oo 


XXvi  SPANISH   LITERATURE 

Zurita,  Geronimo  (1512-80),  Spanish  historian,  author  of  a  very  valu- 
able <  Annals  of  the  Crown  of  Aragon  > 43        599 

Hita,  Gines  Perez  de,  a  Spanish  historian  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
author  of  an  important  narrative  of  the  events  leading  up  to 
the  expulsion  of  the  Moors  from  Spain 42        266 

Xeres,  Francisco,  a  Spanish  historian,  secretary  of  Pizarro  on  his  ex- 
pedition to  Peru  about  1530,  and  author  of  a  very  valuable  ac- 
count of  the   Conquest  of  Peru 43       588 

Montemayor,  Jorge  de  (1520-61),  a  Spanish  musician,  poet,  and  ro- 
mance writer;  author  of  a  pastoral  romance,  the  most  popular 
since  <Amadis  of  Gaul,^  and  the  model  of  Sir  PhiUp  Sidney's 
<  Arcadia  > 43        388 

Balboa,  Miguel  Cabello  de  (1525-86),  Spanish  soldier  and  later  priest 

in  South  America,  author  of  < History  of  Peru* 42         38 

Padilla,  Pedro  de  (died  about  1595),  a  Spanish  poet,  a  friend  of  Cer- 
vantes, and  a  notable  improvisator;  author  of  lyrics,  bucolic 
poems,  satires,  spiritual  songs,  and  metrical  romances,  some  of 
them  among  the  best  of  their  time 43       412 

Ponce  de  Leon,  Luis  (1527-gi),  a  great  Spanish  lyric  poet;  university 
professor  at  Salamanca;  author  of  poems  almost  exclusively  re- 
ligious which  are  classed  with  the  highest  products  of  the 
Spanish  muse,  and  of  translations  from  Latin,  Hebrew,  Greek, 
and  Italian  notably  spirited  and  graceful 43       435 

Alcdzar  (i 530-1606),  a  Spanish  poet  of  fine  taste  and  skill,  in  the  age 

of  Shakespeare  and  Cervantes i    272-75 

Ercilla  y  Zuniga,  Alonso  de  (1533-95),  a  Spanish  poet;  author  of  an 
epic  based  on  his  observation  of  the  Araucanian  natives  of 
Chili,  and  admirable  for  its  portraiture  of  character 42        172 

Herrera,    Fernando  de  (1534-97),  a  Spanish  poet,  author  of  exquisite 

lyrics  and  historical  poems,  and  founder  of  a  school  of  poetry.  .42        261 

Perez,  Antonio  (1539-1611),  a  Spanish  statesman  and  historian.  Secre- 
tary of  State  to  Philip  II.,  and  author  of  a  work  of  importance 
revealing  the  secrets  of  Philip  II.  as  a  king  and  a  man 43       424 

Acosta,  Jos6  d'  (1540-1600),  a  Spanish  Jesuit,  educator,  and  historian; 

author  of  a  < Natural  and  Moral  History  of  the  Indies >  (1590).  42  3 

Cervantes  (1547-1616),  the  creator  of  <Don  Quixote,*  the  well-seasoned 
wisdom  and  enduring  charm  of  which  has  made  it  one  of  the 
world's  great  books;  he  appears  in  the  Library  by  a  story  of 
seven  pages  and  six  fine  examples,  filling  forty-five  pages. .  .  .8  3451-502 

Cueva,  Juan  de  la  (i 550-1607),  a  Spanish  poet;  author  of  lyrics,  sonnets, 
songs,  elegies,  tragedies,  and  comedies;  one  of  the  founders  of 
Spanish   national   drama 42        1 26 

Aleman,  Matteo  (i 550-1609),  Spanish  novelist,  famous  for  an  example 
of  « picaresque »  satirical  romance  second  only  to  that  of  Men- 
doza 42  12 

Argensola,  Lupercio  Leonardo  de  (1559-1613),  a  notable  Spanish  poet; 
author  of  tragedies,  ballads,  and  songs,  sonnets  and  epistles  of 
the  greatest  excellence 42         23 


SPANISH   LITERATURE  XXVii 

Gdngora  y  Argote,  Luis  de  (i 561-1627),  a  Spanish  poet;  author  of 
grotesquely  irregular  verse  which  yet  influenced  a  whole  gen- 
eration in  both  Spain  and  France 42        224 

Lope  De  Vega  (1562-1635),  the  most  prolific  of  all  known  writers, 
author  of  a  vast  series  of  comedies,  and  the  perfect  reflection 
of  the  Spain  of  his  day,  has  a  most  interesting  presentment  in 
the  Library 38    15287-96 

Balbuena,  Don  Bernardo  de    (i 568-1627),  a  Spanish   poet  notable  for 

works  of  Mexican  and  South  American  interests 42         38 

Tirso  de  Molina  (Fray  Gabriel  Tellez,  1570-1648),  a  Spanish  dramatist; 
author,  within  fourteen  years,  of  300  comedies  and  dramas,  of 
which  65  are  extant,  a  treasury  drawn  upon  by  many  succeed- 
ing dramatists 43        527 

Alarcon  y  Mendoza,  Don  Juan  Ruiz  de  (i 580-1639),  of  Mexican  birth, 
noted  Spanish  dramatist,  the  last  of  the  old  school,  and  the 
creator  of  character  comedy 42  9 

Quevedo  y  Villegas,  don  Francisco  (1580-1645),  a  Spanish  satirist, 
very  witty,  very  brilliant,  and  ranking  as  the  greatest  satiric 
writer  of   his  country 43        448 

Rioja,  Francisco  de  (1585-1659),  a  Spanish  scholar  and  librarian,  royal 
chronicler  of  Castile;  a  poet  noted  for  delicacy  of  style  and 
deep  feeling  for  nature,  and  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  cf  his 
time 43       459 

Mendoza,  Antonio  Hurtado  de  (i  590-1644),  a  Spanish  dramatist  and 
poet;  a  member  of  the  Inquisition,  and  private  secretary  of 
Philip  IV. ;  author  of  dramas,  ballads,  and  lyrics,  and  a  large 
number  of  roundelays 43        378 

Calderon  (1600-81),  Lope  de  Vega's  great  successor;  author  of  one 
hundred  and  eight  dramas  and  seventy-three  autos  or  religious 
plays,  presents  a  fine  study  of  the  Spain  of  1630-80,  and  of  a 
unique  example  of  literature 7  3071-86 

Montalvdn,  Juan  P6rez  de  (1602-38),  a  Spanish  priest  at  Madrid,  and 
notary  of  the  Inquisition;  author  of  some  of  the  most  popular 
of  Spanish  dramas,  and  of  a  collection  of  diverting  stories  and 
anecdotes 43        388 

Castillo-Solorzano,  Alonso  del,  Spanish  poet  and  romancer  of  the 
seventeenth  century;  author  of  popular  stories,  comedies,  and 
fables 42         98 

Rojas  y  Zorilla,  Francisco  (1607-80),  a  Spanish  dramatist;  author  of 

twenty-four  notable  plays  which  are  still  extant 4  3       464 

Moreto  y  Cabana,  Agustin  (1618-69),  a-  noted  Spanish  dramatist 
whose  chief  work  was  one  of  the  four  classical  masterpieces  of 
the  old  Spanish  stage,  and  whose  later  dramas  introduced  into 
Spain  the  comedy  of  character  and  manners 4  3       39 1 

Diamante,  Juan  Bautista  (1626-1700),  Spanish  author  of  plays,  one  of 
which  many  critics  suppose  to  be  the  original  from  which  Cor- 
neille's  ^  Cid  >  was  a  borrowed  production 42        i43 


xxviii  SPANISH  LITERATURE 

Molinos,  Miguel  (1640-97),  a  Spanish  priest  at  Rome;  founder  of 
Quietism,  the  doctrine  that  godliness  consists  in  uninterrupted 
communion  with  God.  He  was  from  1687  imprisoned  for  life 
as  a  heretic,  in  spite  of  recantation  of  his  teaching 43       386 

Canizares,  Jose  (1676-1750),  a  notably  successful  Spanish  dramatist .. 4 2         92 

Montiano  y  Luyando,  Agustin  de  (1697-1764),  a  Spanish  poet  and 
dramatist;  director  of  the  Academy  of  History,  Madrid;  author 
of  tragedies  aiming  at  Spanish  reform  by  conformity  with  the 
rules  of  the  French  stage 43       389 

Isla,  Jos6  Francisco  de  (1703-81),  a  Spanish  satirist  and  wit,  sur- 
passed only  by  Cervantes;  author  of  a  prodigiously  popular 
story  of  adventures  vividly  portraying  life  in  the  eighteenth 
century 42        285 

Clavijo  y  Fajardo,  Jose  (i 730-1 806),  a  notable  Spanish  journalist  in 
Madrid;  founder  of  the  Pensador  and  the  Mercurio,  and  trans- 
lator of  Buffon's  ^Natural  History > 42        112 

Cruz,  Ramon  de  la  (1731-99),  a  Spanish  dramatic  poet  notable  for 
establishing  the  native  Spanish  drama  independent  of  French 
influence 42        126 

Moratin,  Nicolas  Fernandez  de  (1737-80),  a  Spanish  poet;  professor 
in  the  Imperial  College,  Madrid;  author  of  one  of  the  best 
epics  in  the  language,  <The  Ships  of  Cortes  Destroyed,  >  and  of 
plays  more  acceptable  to  public  taste  than  the  usual  religious 
dramas 43        390 

Cadalso,  Don  Jos6  de  (1741-82),  a  Spanish  poet,  dramatist,  and  story 

writer,  notable  as  a  humorist 42  87 

Iglesias  de  la  Casa,  Jose  (1743-91),  a  Spanish  poet;  organizer  with 
Melendez  of  the  School  of  Salamanca,  and  an  important  classic 
of  Spanish  poetry 42        283 

Melendez  Valdes,  Juan  (i 754-1 81 7),  a  Spanish  poet,  one  of  the  most 
prominent  of  the  eighteenth  century;  university  professor  at 
Salamanca 43       377 

Llorente,  Juan  Antonio  Don  (1756-1823),  a  Spanish  priest;  general 
secretary  of  the  Inquisition  at  Madrid  in  1789,  and  author  of 
great  works  on  the  history  of  the  Spanish  Inquisition,  and  the 
political  history  of  the  Popes 43       346 

Moratin,  Leandro  Fernandez  de  (i 760-1 828),  a  noted  Spanish  dram- 
atist and  poet;  author  of  lyrical  poems,  of  studies  of  the  origin 
of  the  Spanish  stage,  and  of  plays  which  gave  him  the  name 
of  « the  Spanish  Moliere  » 43        390 

Caldas  Pereira  de  Souza,  Antonio  (1762-1814),  Spanish  Brazilian  poet 

and  ecclesiastic 42  88 

Cienfuegos,  Nicasio  Alvarez  de  (1764-1809),  a  Spanish  poet  at  Ma- 
drid ;  author  of  tragedies,  a  comedy,  songs,  odes,  and  elegies  ..42        no 

Duran,  Agustin  (i 789-1 862),  a  distinguished  Spanish  critic;  author  of 
a  study  of  the  Spanish  theatre,  and  of  Spanish  romance  and 
ballad  writing  which  greatly  helped  to  liberate  Spain  from 
French  influence .' 42        157 


SPANISH   LITERATURE 


XXIX 


Gil  y  Zdrate,  Don  Antonio  (1793-1861),  a  Spanish  dramatist  widely 
known  from  1832,  and  author  of  plays  which  placed  him  at  the 
head  of  the  modern  Spanish  drama 42        216 

Zarate,  Antonio  Gil  y  (i 795-1 860),  a  Spanish  dramatic  poet;  author  of 

notable  dramas,  and  of  a  valuable  history  of  Spanish  literature .  4  3        594 

Caballero  (1796-1877),  a  woman  author  of  Spanish  novels  of  high 
life,  who  made  her  first  and  greatest  success  in  1849,  and  by 
her  career  created  the  modem  Spanish  novel;  admirably  pic- 
tures Spain  in  its  conservative  aspects 7  3001-16 

Breton  de  los  Herreros,  Manuel   (1800-73),  the  most  notable  Spanish 

poet  of  the  first  half  of  the  century 42  74 

Calderon,  Don  Serafin  Estebanez  (1801-67),  Spanish  professor  of 
poetry  at  Granada;  author  of  valuable  historical  studies  and 
collector  of  a  vast  library  of  old  Spanish  literature 42         88 

Mesonero  y  Romanos,  Ramon  de  (1803-82),  a  Spanish  descriptive 
writer  and  historian ;  founder  and  editor  of  a  Spanish  Pictorial 
Weekly ;  author  of  a  scholarly  history  of  <  Ancient  Madrid,*  and 
of  valuable  sketches  and  travels 43        380 

Arolas,  Juan  de  (1805-49),  Spanish  author  of  poems  of  chivalry  and 

romance 42         27 

Lafuente,  Modesto  (1806-66),  a  Spanish  historian  and  satirist;  author 
of  a  widely  circulated  series  of  satirical  sketches,  and  of  a 
<  General  History  of  Spain  >  in  thirty  volumes 4  3        321 

Escosura,    Patricio    de    la    (1807-78),    a    Spanish   poet   and    novelist; 

author  of  epics,  dramas,  historical  novels,  and  histories 42        1 73 

Gaydngos  y  Arce,  Pascual  de  (1809-),  a  Spanish  scholar  and  his- 
torical writer;  university  professor  at  Madrid,  later  a  resident 
of  London;  author  of  important  contributions  to  the  history  of 
Spain 42        211 

Espronceda  (1810-42),  a  poet  whose  short  career  (1830-40)  was  rich 
in  promise;  is  compared  with  Byron,  Leopardi,  and  even 
Goethe 14   5549-55 

Avellaneda  y  Arteaga,  G.  Gomez  de  (1814-73),  distinguished  Spanish 
poet,  dramatist,  and  novelist  of  Cuban  birth;  also  author  of 
biblical  dramas 42         31 

Campoamor  y  Campoosorio,  Don  Ramon  de  (181 7-),  one  of  the 
most  popular  and  prolific  of  Spanish  poets,  and  author  of 
stories  in  verse  of  fine  quality 42         92 

Zorrilla  (1817-93),  who  achieved  sudden  distinction  in  1817,  was  es- 
teemed the  leading  poet  of  Spain  at  his  death  in  1893 39  16325-30 

Rosa  Gonzales,  Juan  de  la  (1820),  a  Spanish  dramatist,  poet,  and 
critic;  author  of  a  number  of  successful  dramas  and  lyrics,  and 
among  the  first  of  Spanish  contemporary  literary  criticF 43       466 

Aguilera,  Ventura  Ruiz  (1820-81),  Spanish  poet,  journalist,  and  archae- 
ological director;  author  of  works  important  for  knowledge  of 
Spain 42  7 

Canete,  Manuel  (1822-91),  a  Spanish  poet  and  dramatist;  author  also 

of  studies  in  the  history  of  the  Spanish  theatre 42         92 


XXX  SPANISH  LITERATURE 

Balaguer,  Victor  (1824-),  Spanish-Catalan  poet,  novelist,  and  his- 
torian;  author  of  popular  historical  romances  and  tales 42  38 

Valera  (1827-),  a  Spanish  scholar,  poet,  and  critical  essayist; 
achieved  his  highest  distinction  in  his  <Pepita  Ximenez,>  1874, 
a  novel  of  character,  and  the  first  of  a  series  of  novels 37   15220-36 

Grassi,  Angela  (1826-),  a  Spanish  poet,  novelist,  and  playwright; 
author  of  successful  dramas  and  of  a  series  of  brilliant  novels 
widely  read  among  the  Spanish  middle  classes 42        230 

Cdnovas  del  Castillo,  Antonio  (1826-97),  distinguished  Spanish  jour- 
nalist, statesman,  author  of  literary  and  historical  studies,  and 
editor-in-chief  of  a  < General  History  of  Spain* 42         93 

Barrantes,  Vicente  (1829-),  poet,  novelist,  and  author  of  a  series  of 

historical  studies  of  Philippine  interest 42         44 

Ayala,  Adelardo  Lopez  de  (1829-79),  eminently  successful  Spanish 
dramatist,  especially  devoted  to  the  modern  comedy  of  man- 
ners, and  author  of  sonnets 42         32 

Eguilaz,  Luis  (1830-78),  a  Spanish  dramatist  at  Madrid;  author  of  a 
great  number  of  plays  very  strong  in  character-drawing,  and 
very  successful 42        165 

Fernandez  y  Gonzalez,  Manuel  (1826-88),  a  Spanish  poet  and  novel- 
ist; author  of  plays  and  novels  of  wide  circulation  and  great 
popularity 42        184 

Castelar,  Emilio  (1832-),   Spanish  orator,  democratic  political  leader, 

and  writer  of  historical  and  political  works 42         97 

Echegaray  (1832-),  ranks  as  a  Spanish  dramatist  with  Victor  Hugo  in 

French.     He  was  a  scientist  and  statesman  until  about  1877.  .  13  5101-12 

Alarc6n  (1833-gi),  a  Spanish  editor,  politician,  dramatic  critic,  poet, 
and  novelist;  became  famous  by  a  series  of  remarkable  novels 
of  which  the  first  appeared  in  1859.  His  African  War  Diary 
netted  the  publishers  a  profit  of  three  million  pesetas  ($600,000) .  i     262-67 

Nunez  de  Area,  Caspar  (1834-),  a  Spanish  dramatist  and  poet 
notable  as  the  « Spanish  Tennyson »;  author  of  remarkably 
popular  lyric  and  patriotic  poems,  and  of  popular  comedies.  .  .  .43       406 

Pereda  (1834-),  who  began  to  be  known  by  work  of  fine  quality 
in  1859,  is  regarded  as  the  most  original  of  the  contemporary- 
Spanish  writers  of  fiction  and  the  pioneer  of  the  best  sort  of 
realism 29   11305-22 

Becquer,  G.  A.  (1836-70),  Spanish  author  of  lyrics,  tales,  and  legends 

of  exceptional  excellence 42         50 

Isaaks,  Jorge  (1843-),  a  poet  and  novelist  of  Bogota,  South  Amer- 
ica, of  half  Jewish  and  half  Spanish  birth,  became  universally 
known  to  Spanish  readers  by  his  novel  <  Maria  >  published  at 
Bogota  in  1867 20  8046-56 

Caro,  Miguel  Antonio  (1843-),  a  prose-writer  and  poet  of  Colombia; 
author  also  of  a  translation  into  Spanish  of  Virgil's  complete 
works 42         95 

Cano  y  Masas,  Leopoldo    (1844-),    distinguished   Spanish   dramatist, 

Military  Academy  professor,  and  poet 42         93 


PORTUGUESE  LITERATURE  XXxi 

Gald6s  (1845-),  one  of  the  leaders  of  contemporary  Spanish  fiction,  is 
best  known  by  a  series  of  historical  romances,  and,  later,  by 
some  didactic  novels,  one  of  which,  <Dona  Perfecta,>  is  regarded 
as  his  best  work 15  6153-73 

Pardo-Bazdn  [Emilia]   (1852-),  a  woman  of  rare  gifts  as  a  critic  and 

essayist,  is  a  novelist  of  the  Zola  school  of  realism 28   1 1025-41 

Vald6s  (1853),  said  to  be  the  most  entertaining  of  the  later  Spanish 
novelists,  and  without  a  Spanish  equal  in  his  women  char- 
acters   3  7   15199-219 

Menendez  y  Pelayo,  Marcelino  (1855-),  a  Spanish  scholar,  historian, 
and  poet;  author  of  odes,  epistles,  and  tragedies,  and  of  a  his- 
tory defending  the  Spanish  Inquisition 43       378 

Diaz  de  Escobar,  Narciso  (i860-),  a  Spanish  poet,  author  of  very 
popular  lyric  poems,  dramas  notably  successful,  and  Madrid 
character  sketches 42       143 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Portuguese  Literature,  is  sketched  in  the  Library  by  way  of 
introduction  to  the  account  of  Portugal's  one  supremely  great 
writer,   Camoens  (viii,   3129-37). 

Lobeira,  Joam  de  (about  1350-1403),  a  Portuguese  troubadour  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  a  period  of  ProveuQal  and  French  influ- 
ences, probably  wrote  the  work  of  which  the  Spanish  <Amadis 
de  Gaula>  (1480)  is  a  version 8        3129 

Lopes,  Fernao  (1380-1459),  the  oldest  of  the  Portuguese  chroniclers; 
author  of  historical  researches  of  unsurpassed  literary  and 
critical  value   (43,  349),  the  « father  of  Portuguese  prose » 8        3130 

Gil  Vicente  (1475-1538),  a  Portuguese  dramatist  and  actor,  father  of 
the  drama  of  his  country;  author  of  tragedies,  comedies,  and 
farces  showing  great  originality  and  poetic  talent,  and  of  great 
influence  upon  theatrical  methods  in  Europe  (42,  216),  second 
only  to  Camoens  in  his  period 8        3130 

Ribeiro,  Bernardim  (1486-1550),  a  Portuguese  poet,  author  of  lyrics, 
idyls,  and  a  pastoral  romance  in  prose;  and  notable  as  one  of 
those  who  introduced  the  Italian  pastoral  style  in  Portuguese 
literature 43        456 

Sa'  de  Miranda,  Francesco  (1495-1557),  who  came  from  six  years' 
stay  in  Italy  in  1521,  attempted  to  set  dramas  in  the  Italian 
style  against  those  of  Vicente 8        3130 

Barros,  Joao  de  (1496-1570),  the  foremost  Portuguese  historian;  author 

of  a  history  of  Portuguese  discoveries  and  conquests 8        3130 

Resende,  Garcia  de  (first  quarter  of  the  sixteenth  century),  a  poet 
of  the  period  of  Spanish  influence  (Castile),  made  a  collection 
of  poems  of  the  time  (Lisbon,   1516) 8        3130 


xxxii  PORTUGUESE  LITERATURE 

Falcao,  Christovam  (first  half  of  the  sixteenth  century),  in  Portugal's 
third  period  (1521-80),  following  her  great  age  of  discovery,  and 
un4er  Italian  influence,  was  the  founder  of  bucolic  poetry 8        3130 

Castanheda,  Fernao  Lopez  de  (1500-59),  Portuguese  historian,  a  visitor 
to  India,  and  author  of  <  History  of  the  Discovery  and  Conquest 
of  India  by  the  Portuguese  > 42         97 

Mendez-Pinto,  Fernam  (1510-83),  a  Portuguese  traveler  for  manj'^ 
years  in  the  remote  East;  author  of  a  story  of  a  < Pilgrimage > 
(1614),  which  was  translated  into  the  principal  European  lan- 
guages, and  became  a  Portuguese  classic 43        378 

Camoens,  Luiz  de  (1524-80),  Portugal's  greatest  poet,  is  most  famous 
for  his  epic,  <The  Lusiads,^  in  which  he  celebrated  great  Por- 
tugfuese  deeds,  such  as  Vasco  da  Gama's  discovery  of  the  ocean 
way  round  Africa  to  India.  In  lyric  poems  also  he  was  hardly 
less  great  than  in  epic.  Twenty-two  pages  of  his  finest  work 
are  given  in  the  Library  with  a  full  sketch  of  the  poet's  life.  .  8  3129-58 

Ferreira,  Antonio  (1528-69),  a  celebrated  Portuguese  poet  and  dram- 
atist; author  of  sonnets,  odes,  and  epigrams  of  high  literary 
merit,  and  of  <  Inez  de  Castro,  *  the  second  regular  tragedy  pro- 
duced   in  Europe 42        185 

Bemardes,  Diogo  (1530-1605),  a  master  singer  with  Sa'  de  Miranda.  .42         57 

Alvarez  do  Oriente,  Fernan  (1540-99),  a  Portuguese  poet;  author  of 
a  pastoral  romance  containing  elegies,  sonnets,  and  idyls  of 
great  beauty  . 42  16 

Faria,  Manoel  Severim  de  (1583-1655),  a  Portuguese  biographer,  essay- 
ist, and  scholar ;  author  of  thoughtful  and  valuable  literary  studies  .42        1 79 

Faria  y  Sousa,  Manoel  de  (i  590-1649),  a  Portuguese  poet  of  original 
merit,  and  author  of  histories  of  Portugal  and  of  Portuguese 
action  in  Asia  and  Africa 42        179 

Ceo,  Violante  do  (1601-93),  a  Portuguese  poet;  greatly  admired  and 

styled  « the  tenth  Muse  » 42        100 

Melo,  Francisco  Manuel  de  (161 1-65),  a  Portuguese  historian  and  poet; 
author  of  poems  mostly  satirical  and  comic,  and  of  voluminous 
historical  works  of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  interest 43        377 

Lobo,  Francisco  Rodrigues  (died  about  1623),  a  Portuguese  poet  of 
whose  life  practically  nothing  is  known ;  one  of  the  most  admired 
and  popular  of  the  poets  of  his  country 43        346 

Ericeira,  Francisco  (1673-1743),  a  Portuguese  soldier  and  poet;  notable 

for  an  epic  poem,  and  as  a  translator  of  Boileau 42        172 

Gargao,  Pedro  Antonio  Correo  (1724-72),  a  Portuguese  poet;  author 
of  successful  dramas,  and  of  satires,  odes,  epistles,  and  lyrics 
of  very  high  quality 42       208 

Diniz  da  Cruz  e  Silva,  Antonio  (1731-99),  a  Portuguese  lawyer  and 
poet;  author  of  a  g^reat  variety  of  poetical  writings  of  very 
superior   quality 42        i45 

Montemor,  Jorge  de,  author  of  a  delightful  pastoral  poem,  is  an  exampl 
of  a  period  (i  580-1700)  in  which  Portuguese  writers  used  Span- 
ish, the  influence  of  Spanish  literature  was  so  great 8        3131 


PORTUGUESE   LITERATURE 


XXXlll 


Nascimento,  Francisco  Manoel  de  (1734-1819),  a  Portuguese  poet  of 
great  eminence  for  his  <Od.es,>  and  other  poems,  and  notable 
for  a  version  of  La  Fontaine's  fables  (43,  401);  he  came  near 
the  end  of  the  next  or  fifth  period  (i 700-1 825') ,  nearly  the  whole 
of  which  had  been  dominated  by  French  classicism 8        3131 

Socage,  Manoel  Maria  Barbosa  du  (about  1800),  stands  in  the  same 
case  precisely,  helping  to  bring  to  an  end  a  period  ruled  by 
French  classicism 8        3131 

Almeida,  Nicolao  T.  de  (1741-1811),  Portuguese  poet;  author  of  satires 

keenly  ridiculing  the  manners  of  the  time 42  15 

Gonzaga,  Thomaz  Antonio  (1744-1809),  Portuguese  poet,  resident  in 
Brazil,  and  author  of  lyrics  the  most  perfect  in  metre  and  style 
of  anything  in  Portuguese  literature 42       224 

Gomes,  Xoao  Baptista  (1775-1803),  a  Portuguese  dramatist;  author  of 
an  effective  and  highly  successful  tragedy  showing  almost  per- 
fect dramatic  taste 42       223 

Baena,  Antonio  (1795-1850),  a  Portuguese  historian  and  geographer; 

author  of  explorations  in  the  Amazon  valley -...42         35 

Almeida-Garrett,  Joao  Baptista  (1799-1854),  a  distingfuished  Portuguese 
poet,  dramatist,  and  political  leader,  notable  for  efforts  to  create 
a  purely  national  drama  (42,  15);  was  the  leader  of  a  new 
Romantic  and  national  literary  movement  in  Portugal,  through 
an  epic  of  patriotism,  and  national  dramas 8        3131 

Castilho,  Antonio  Feliciano  (1800-75),  Portuguese  poet  of  deep  sytn- 

pathy  with  nature,  and  specially  excellent  in  pastorals 42         98 

Herculano  de  Carvalho  e  Araujo,  Alessandro  (1810-77),  a  Portuguese 
scholar,  editor,  poet,  and  political  reformer;  author  of  valuable 
histories  and  historical  novels 42       260 

Mendes  Leal  da  Silva,  Jose  (1818-86),  an  eminent  Portuguese  official 
and  poet ;  author  of  a  large  number  of  plays  and  songs,  and  of 
several  romances 43       378 

Palmeirim,  Luiz  Augusto  (1825-93),  a  Portuguese  poet;  author  of 
lyrics,  patriotic  poems,  and  comedies  in  verse,  and  noted  as  « the 
Beranger  of   Portugal  >> 43       414 

Castello-Branco,  Camillo  (1826-90),  notable  Portuguese  novelist  and 
poet ;  author  of  novels  and  romances  presenting  genuine  pictures 
of  Portuguese  life 42         97 

Gomes  de  Amorim,  Francisco  (1827-92),  a  Portuguese  poet  and  ro- 
mance writer  of  European  reputation  as  being  in  the  first  rank 
of  modern  Portuguese  poets 42        224 

Blester,  Joao  Ernesto  (1829-80),  notable  Portuguese  dramatist ;  author 

of  some  ninety  plays 42  59 

Deus,  Joao  de  (1830-),  Portuguese  lyric  poet;  regarded  as  author  of  a 

new  departure  in  the  poetry  of  his  country 42        142 

Ribeiro,  Thomaz  Antonio  Fereiro  (1831-),  a  Portugfuese  poet,  and 
political  leader,  notable  for   his   patriotism;  and  author  both  of 

collections  of  poems,  and  of  books  of  travel 43       456 

3 


xxxiv  BRAZILIAN  LITERATURE 

Cordeiro,  Joao  Ricardo  (1836-81),  a  Portuguese  dramatist;  author  of 
plays  and  of  translations  and  adaptations  of  dramas  from  the 
French 42        121 

Diniz,  Julio  (1839-71),  a  Portuguese  novelist  and  poet,  the  first  of  his 

country  to  use  studies  of  village  life 42        145 

Braga,  Theophilo  (1843-),  scholar  and  poet,  historian  in  twenty  vol- 
umes of  Portuguese  literature 42         72 

Queiroz,  Jos6  Maria  E§a  de  (1845-),  a  Portuguese  journalist,  traveler, 
and  novelist;  author  of  works  introducing  the  style  of  Zola  in 
Portugal 43       447 

Crespo,  Antonio  (1846-83),  a  Portuguese  poet  of  Brazilian  birth;  au- 
thor of  volumes  showing  great  power  of  poetic  form,  expression, 
and  feeling 42        124 

Ennes,  Antonio  (1848-),  a  Portuguese  dramatist,  journalist,  and  high^ 
government  official ;  author  of  plays  extremely  successful  in  both 
Portugal  and   Brazil 42        171 

Gomes  Leal,  Antonio  Duarte  (1848-),  a  Portuguese  poet,  all  of  whose 
work  is  characterized  by  extreme  radical  thought,  and  heterodoxy 
in  matters  of  religion 42       224 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Brazilian  Literature,  as  an  annex  to  Portuguese,  has  a  large 
interest  as  the  record  in  letters  of  the  immense  region  of  South 
America,  the  Portuguese  discovery  of  which,  independently  of 
Columbus,  made  Europe  aware  that  continental  lands  of  vast  ex- 
tent, never  before  known,  called  for  recognition  of  a  ^^New 
World.**  A  summary  view  of  what  Brazil  counts  for  in  literature 
embraces  the  following  names:  — 

Yves  d'fivreux,  Pierre  (1577-1620?),  a  French-Brazilian  historian;  a 
missionary  in  Brazil,  and  author  of  an  account  of  great  histor- 
ical value  of  events  at  the  time 43        591 

Mesquita,  Salvador  de  (1646-1700?),  a  Brazilian  poet;  author  of 
tragedies  and  of  a  sacred  drama,  <  The  Sacrifice  of  Jephtha,  > 
by  which  his  first  reputation  was  made 43       380 

Gatna,  Jos6  Basilio  da  (1740-95),  a  Brazilian  poet  of  Jesuit  training; 
notable  for  <  Uruguay, >  a  poem  exposing  alleged  Jesuit  de- 
signs   42       207 

Lopes,  Caetano  (1780-1860),  a  Brazilian  historian;  a  mulatto  edu- 
cated in  Paris,  held  in  high  esteem  by  the  Emperor  Pedro, 
and  author  of  numerous  works  treating  of  history,  biography, 
and  surgery 43       349 

Araujo  Porto- Alegre,  Manoel  de  (1806-79),  a  Brazilian  poet,  profes- 
sor at  the  Academy  of  Arts,  and  author  of  < Colombo,*  an  epic 
celebrating  the  discovery  of  America 42         22 


CUBAN  LITERATURE  XXXV 

Magalhaens,  Domingo  Jos6  (1811-),  a  Brazilian  poet,  from  1845  to 
1867;  Brazilian  minister  to  Dresden,  Naples,  Turin,  and  Vienna; 
a  lyric  poet  of  high  rank  among  his  countrymen 43       362 

Varnhagen,  Francisco  Adolpho  de  (1816-78),  a  celebrated  Brazilian 
diplomatist  and  historian;  author  of  works  characterized  by 
profound  research  and  lucid  style ;  indisputably  the  first  of  Bra- 
zilian historians 43       543 

Pereira  da  Silva,  Joao  Manuel  (1818-),  a  Brazilian  historian;  au- 
thor of  a  series  of  works  on  the  history  of  Brazil,  including 
a  collection  of  biographies,  and  on  the  past  and  present  of 
Portuguese  literature 43       423 

Macedo,  Joaquim  Manoel  de  (1820-),  a  Brazilian  poet,  novelist,  and 
historical  writer;  college  professor  at  Rio  Janeiro;  greatly  es- 
teemed as  a  lyric  poet,  and  author  of  novels,  dramas,  and 
comedies 43        359 

Dutra  £  Mello,  Antonio  Francisco  (1823-43),  a  Brazilian  poet;  author 
of  verses  considered  among  the  best  of  South  American  pro- 
duction   42       158 

Diaz,  Antonio  (1823-66),  Brazilian  poet,  author  of  dramas,  an  un- 
finished epic,  and  lyric  poems  marked  by  feeling,  wit,  and 
great  originality 42        143 

Alencar,  Jos6  M.  de  (1829-77),  Brazilian  novelist ;  a  Cooper  of  Brazil- 
ian history  and  life 42  12 

Azevedo,  Manoel  A.  A.  de  (1831-52),  a  prolific  and  popular  Brazilian 

poet 42         32 

Nabuco  de  Araujo,  Jos6  Tito  (1836-),  a  Brazilian  historical  and 
dramatic  writer ;  author  of  poems  and  biographies,  and  of  dramas 
which  have  been  successfully  represented  in  South  American 
cities 43       400 

Taunay,  Alfredo  D'Escragnolle  (1843-),  a  Brazilian  statesman  and 
writer  of  French  origin;  author  of  essays,  poems,  comedies, 
and  criticisms,  and  of  a  series  of  novels  considered  the  best 
ever  produced  by  a  Brazilian  novelist 43       516 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Cuban  Literature,  in  close  connection  with  Spanish,  presents 
names  of  which  the  following  may  be  noted:  — 

Valdes,  Gabriel   (1809-44),  a  Cuban  poet   (negro) ;  author  of  poems 

which  have  passed-  through  many  editions  at  home  and  abroad ; 

one  of  the  most  popular  of  Spanfsh-American  poets 43       541 

Villaverde,  Cirilo  (1812-),  a  Cuban  writer;  a  political  exile;  author  of 

novels  highly  praised  by  Spanish  and  Spanish -American  critics.  43  547 
Cdrdenas   y   Rodrfguez,  Jos6   M.   de    (1812-82),    Cuban    poet,    and 

author  of  humorous  sketches  of  Cuban  life 42         94 


XXXvi  LATIN-AMERICAN  LITERATURE 

Milan6s,  Jos6  Jacinto  (1814-63),  a  Cuban  poet;  author  of  very  success- 
ful dramas,  of  a  series  of  social  sketches,  and  of  poems  which 
have  been  translated  into  English,  French,  Italian,  and  German.  43        382 

Cdrdenas  y  Rodrfguez,  Nicolds  de  (1814-68),  Cuban  poet,  novelist, 

and  miscellaneous  writer 42         94 

Orgaz,  Francisco  (1815-73),  a  Cuban  poet;  author  of  lyrics  counted 

among  the  best  of  Spanish- America 43       409 

Mendive,  Rafael  Maria  de  ( 1821-86),  a  Cuban  poet  author  of  legends 
and  stories  in  verse,  many  of  which  appeared  in  English, 
French,  and  Italian  translations;  one  of  the  best  of  Spanish- 
American  poets 43       378 


St.  Domingo  furnishes  these  names:  — 

Delmonte  y  Tejada,  Antonio    ( 1783-1861 ),    author    of   a    history    of 

Santo   Domingo   from   its   discovery .^2        138 

Delmonte,  Felix  Maria  (1810-),  author  of  poems,  dramas,  and  his- 
torical tales  in  verse 42        138 


CHRONOLOGICAL  CONSPECTUS 

Latin- American  Literature  (Vol.  xxii,  8903-28),  which  began 
with  the  publication  of  a  book  in  Spanish  in  1537,  more  than  a 
century  before  anything  had  been  printed  in  North  America,  is 
exhaustively  sketched  in  the  Library,  in  a  book  of  twenty-five 
pages,  describing  the  Colonial  Period,  the  Revolutionary  Period, 
and  the  Period  of  Independence;  with  special  mention  of  writers 
on  political  science,  historians,  literary  critics,  poets,  dramatists, 
and  novelists.     The  following  names  are  worthy  of  note:  — 

Antonio  de  Le6n  Pinela,  a  scholar  and  poet,  royal  historiographer  of 

the  Indies 22      8908 

Francisco  Bernardino  Sahagtin,  a  Spanish  monk,  teacher  of  the 
Indians  in  Mexico  from  1529  to  1590,  and  author  of  a  great 
work  on  the  history  of  the  affairs  of  New  Spain 22      8909 

Ercilla  y  Ztiniga,  Alonso  de  (about  1533-95),  participant  in  the  con- 
quest of  Chili  1558,  and  author  of  <La  Araucana,  ^  an  epic  ac- 
count of  the  war  which  has  been  praised  as  one  of  the  truly 
great  epics   of   the  world 22      8910 

Ona,  Pedro  de  (1560-1620),  a  Chilian  poet;  author  among  other 
poetical  works  of  ^Arauco  Domado,'  an  inferior  recast  of  <La 
Araucana* 22     8910 

Tezozomoc,    author    (about    1598)    of    a   minute  and  circumstantial 

history  of  the  Aztec  nation  from  its  original  starting  place ....  2  2      8909 


LATIN-AMERICAN  LITERATURE  XXXvii 

Fernando  de  Alva   (Ixtlilxdchitl,    an   Indian  prince   of   Texcoco),   a 
scholar  of  vast  knowledge   of  native  languages,    songs,    tradi- 
tions,   and   other    memorials;   interpreter   to    the   viceroy;   and 
author  in   Spanish   of  a  history  of  his  race,  —  a  -work  very   re- 
markable for  its  style  as  well  as  learning  (about  1600) 22      8908 

Fernandez  de  Piedrahita,  Lucas  (1624-88),  a  South-American  prelate 
and  historian  of  great  learning  and  capacity;  author  of  an 
invaluable  <  History  of  the  Kingdom  of  New  Granada  > 42        184 

Sebastiao  Rocha  Pitta  (1660-1738),  a  Brazilian  Jesuit;  author  of  a 
great  history  in  Portuguese  of  Portuguese  America  from  its 
discovery  to  1724 22      8909 

Juan  de  Castellanos,  one  of  the  original  conquerors  of  Venezuela; 
author  of  an  extensive  rhyming  chronicle  entitled  <Elegias  de 
Varones  Illustres  > 22     S910 

RoUin,  Ambrose  Lucien  (1692-1749),  a  West-Indian  historian;  author 
of  researches,  and  of  authoritative  works  on  the  native  races 
affected  by  Spanish  conquests 43       4^5 

Francisco,  Xavier  Clavijero  (1721-93),  a  Jesuit  native  of  Vera  Cruz; 
many  years  a  missionary  among  the  Indians  of  Mexico,  then 
an  exile  in  Italy;  and  author  of  a  great  work  in  Italian  on  the 
ancient  inhabitants  of  Mexico 22      8909 

Molina,  Juan  Ignacio  (1737-1829),  a  Jesuit  of  Chili,  South  America, 
resident  after  1774  at  Bologna,  Italy;  and  author  of  valuable 
historical  works  on  Chili  and  its  history 4  3       386 

Olmedo,  Jose  Joaquin  (1781-1847),  a  South-American  poet  of  Guay- 
aquil in  Ecuador;  author  of  highly  praised  poems,  and  of  pop- 
ular studies  in  prose 43       4o8 

Lopez  y  Planes,  Vicente  (1784-1856),  an  Argentine  lawyer,  soldier, 
educator,  and  poet;  one  of  the  founders  of  a  university  in 
Buenos  Ayres;  prominent  in  high  political  office;  and,  with 
other  poems,  author  of  the  <  Argentine  National  Hymn> 4  3       35o 

Figueroa,  Francisco  Acuna  de  (i 791-1862),  a  Uruguayan  poet;  author 

of  productions  characterized  by  lofty  inspiration  and  noble  diction  .42        188 

Vega  de  la  Ventura  (1807-65),  an  Argentine  (Spanish)  poet;  con- 
sidered one  of  the  best  modern  Spanish  poets 4  3        544 

Echeverria,  Est6ban   (1809-51),  a  notable  Argentine  poet;  author  of 

works  showing  the  influence  of  Byron  and  Lamartine 42        162 

Sarmiento,  Domingo  Faustino  (181 1-88),  an  Argentine  educational 
writer;  president  of  the  Argentine  Republic;  author  of  works 
designed  to  promote  educational  interests  in  his  own  country.  .  43       480 

Baralt,  Rafael  Maria   (1814-60),   a  Venezuelan  poet  and  historian ...  4  2         41 

Arboleda,  Julio  (1817-72),  South-American  journalist,  orator,  revolu- 
tionist, and  poet  of  distinction 42         22 

Lorente.  Sebastian  (1820-84),  a  Peruvian  historian;  university  pro- 
fessor; and  author  of  valuable  historical  studies 43        35<^ 

Paz  Soldan,  Mariano  Felipe  (1821-86),  a  Peruvian  public  official  of 
note;  author  of  geographical  and  historical  works  of  special 
South-American  interest 4  3       420 


XXXVIU  MEXICAN   LITERATURE 

Marquez,  Jos6  Arnaldo  (1825-81),  a  Peruvian  journalist:  author  of 
travels,  and  a  poet,  esteemed  the  best  of  modem  Peruvian,  es- 
pecially lyric,  poets 43        369 

Nunez,  Rafael  (i825->v  a  notable  South-American  writer;  president 
of  Colombia;  author  of  poems  and  of  brilliant  studies,  giving 
him  high  rank  in  Spanish  literature 43       406 

Matta,  Guillermo  (1829-),  a  Chilian  poet  and  political  leader;  author 

of  short  stories  and  of  lyrics  that  are  very  popular 43        373 

Vicuna-Mackenna,  Benjamin  (1831-86),  a  Chilian  journalist,  political 
leader,  and  historian;  author  of  historical  and  other  works  of 
special  Chilian  and  Spanish  interest 43       547 


CHRONOLOGICAL  CONSPECTUS 

Mexican  Literature  has  these  names  of  note:  — 

Saavedra  Guzman,  Antonio  (i 550-1620),  a  Mexican  poet;  notable  for 
an  historical  poem  (1598)  describing  the  glories  of  the  Aztec 
court,  and  the  conquest  of  Mexico 43       474 

The  Mexican  Nun  (1651-95),  the  name  in  literature  of  Sister  Juana 
Yiiez,  gave  Spain  a  surprise  in  1689  in  a  volume  of  poems  sent 
from  Mexico  to  Madrid  for  publication.  Fine  examples  are 
given  in   the   Library 25  9956-64 

Mota-Padilla,  Matias  de  la  (1688-1766),  a  Mexican  lawyer,  and  later 
a  priest ;  author  of  historical  writings  including  <  History  of  the 
Conquest  of  New  Galicia,*  a  work  of  much  importance 43        393 

Hmpciran,  Diego  de  (1718-1807),  an  eminent  Mexican  controversial 
writer;  author  of  critical  studies  of  Catholicism,  on  account  of 
which  he  suffered  severe   persecution 42        1 70 

Castro,  Agustin  (1728-90),  Jesuit  scholar  in  Mexico;  poet  and  teacher 
of  philosophy;  and  excellent  translator  from  Greek,  Latin,  Eng- 
lish, and  French 42         98 

Figueroa,  Francisco  (i 730-1 800),  a  Franciscan  priest  of  Mexico;  au- 
thor of  an  extensive  compilation  of  materials  for  a  history  of 
Mexico 42        188 

Ochoa  y  Acuna,  Antonio  (1783-1833),  a  Mexican  poet;  author  of  satires, 
tragedies,  and  comedies  which  are  greatly  admired  by  his 
countrymen 43       407 

Gorostiza  y  Cepeda,  Don  Manuel  Eduardo  (1791-1851),  a  Mexican 
comedy  writer  and  diplomat ;  in  later  life  specially  successful  as 
a  writer  of  plays  in  Paris 42        226 

Alaman,  Lticas  (1792-1853),  a  Mexican  statesman,  notable  for  public 

services,  and  author  of  a  valuable  <  History  of  Mexico > 42  9 

Alpuche,  Wenceslao  (1804-41),  a  Mexican  poet  of  great  popularity.  .  .  42  16 

Calder6n  y  Beltrdn,  Fernando  (1809-45),  Mexican  dramatist  and  poet; 

very  popular  throughout  South  America 42         88 


FRENCH  LITERATURE  xxxix 

Orozco  y  Berra,  Manuel  (1816-81),  a  Mexican  historian ;  author  of  an 
important  history  of  geography  in  Mexico,  and  of  a  famous  work 
on  the  ancient  history  of  Mexico 43       409 

Iglesias,  Jos6  Maria  (1823-),  a  Mexican  publicist  and  historian; 
notable  in  Mexican  politics;  and  author  of  important  contribu- 
tions to  the  history  of   Mexico 42        283 

Gallardo,  Aurelio  Luis  (1831-69),  a   Mexican  poet;  author   of  many 

comedies,  and  of  three  volumes  of  poems 42        207 

Aldana,  Ram6n  (1832-82),  a  Mexican  poet,  dramatist,  and  journalist.  .42  11 

Altamirano,  Ignacio    Manuel  (1835-93),  a  Mexican   poet,  orator,  and 

journalist ;  said  to  be  of  pure  Aztec  descent 42  16 

Cuellar,  Jos6  T.  de  (1835-),  a  Mexican  novehst,  dramatist,  and  poet; 
especially  notable  for  his  novel",  <The  Sin  of  the  Century  > 
(1868) 42        126 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

French  Literature  had  no  such  high  early  developments  as 
English.  Two-thirds  of  the  time  from  the  days  of  Caesar  had 
passed  away  before  the  speech  and  thought  of  France  had  begun 
to  give  promise  of  the  intellectual  and  literary  France  of  the 
centuries  upon  which  we  to-day  look  back.  The  earliest  names, 
however,  are  notable  in  interest.  The  following  are  of  special 
importance :  — 

Alain  de   Lille    (11 14-1203),  a    celebrated    poet    of    the  Middle  Ages 

and  scholastic  philosopher 42  9 

Wace,  Robert  (1120-80),  a  Norman-French  trouvere;  author  of  two 
celebrated  romances  in  Norman  French,  the  < Roman  de  Brut* 
and  the  < Roman  de  Rou > 43        553 

Aucassin  and  Nicolette  is  the  name  of  a  charming  tale  of  mediaeval 

France  dating  from  about  1170-80 3    943-55 

Saint  Victor,  Adam  de  (7-1192?),  a  great  hymn  writer  of  the  Latin 
Church;  was  regarded  as  the  foremost  poet  of  his  time  in 
France,  and  had  a  great  influence  on  French  poetry 32   12727-31 

Bernard  de  Ventadour  (1125-97),  French  troubadour  poeH;  notable  for 

wealth  of  delicate  verse 42         56 

Chr6tien  de  Troyes,  lyrist  of  the  twelfth  centur5^  the  greatest  of  the 
early  French  romancers,  and  specially  famous  for  his  King 
Arthur  and  Round  Table  epics 42        108 

Borneil,  Giraut  de,  a  Provengal  troubadour  of  the  twelfth  century  ...  42         67 

Benoit  de    Sainte-Maure,  a    French   trouvere  and  chronicler   of   the 

twelfth  century;  author  of  < Romance  of  Troy > 42  54 

Faidit,  Gaucelm  (i  190-1240),  a  Provencal  troubadour ;  author  of  songs 

notable  for  tenderness  and  sweetness 42        178 


xl  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Marie  de  France,  a  French  writer  of  the  first  part  of  the  thirteenth 
century ;  author  of  a  collection  of  narrative  poems  belonging  to 
the  finest  specimens  of  the  old  French  ballad;  the  earliest 
French  woman  poet 43        368 

Guillaume,  de  Lorris  (about  121 1-50),  an  early  French  poet;  author 

of  the  first  part  of  the  famous  <  Roman  de  la  Rose  > 42       239 

Joinville,    Jean,    Sieur   de    (1224-1318),    a    noted    French   chronicler; 

author  of  memoirs  embodying  the  story  of  Louis  IX. 's  crusade.  42       291 

Adam  de  la  Hale  (1235-87),  French  poet  and  composer;  author  of 
the  earliest  comedy  in  common  French  and  the  earliest  speci- 
men of  comic  opera 42  4 

Adenet  Le  Roi,  French  troubadour  of  the   thirteenth  century;  court 

leader  of  minstrels  for  the  Duke  of  Brabant 42  6 

Deschamps,  Eustache  (i 330-141 5),  author  [called  « Morel »]  of  a 
great  number  of  poems,  moral  or  political,  and  of  an  <Art  of 
Poetizing,*  the  earliest  mediaeval  work  of  its  kind 42        141 

Froissart  (1337-1410),  a  man  of  Hainault  of  Chaucer's  time,  wrote 
in  French  a  chronicle  of  the  years  1326-94,  the  picturesque,  story- 
telling pages  of  which  are  as  fascinating  as  almost  anything 
in  literature,  and  very  instructive  for  knowledge  of  humanity 
in  that  age.  The  Library  story  in  six  pages  and  eighteen 
pages  of  examples  are  capital  reading 15  6035-58 

Basselin,  Olivier  (1350-1419),   early  French  poet;  author  of  exquisite 

Bacchanalian  songs 42         46 

Chattier,    Alain    (1386-1449),    a    French   poet;   famous  for   brilliantly 

rhetorical  poems  of  war  and  patriotism 42        104 

Villon  (1431-89?);  a  story  in  eight  pages  and  thirteen  pages  of  ex- 
amples of  ballads  singularly  fine,  present  him  as  «the  father  of 
French  poetry. »  It  is  a  richly  instructive  preface  to  French 
literature 38   15392-412 

Comines  (1445-15 10),  the  last  in  date  among  the  great  French  chron- 
iclers of  the  Middle  Ages,  wrote  between  the  years  1488  and 
1493  the  story  of  France  from  1464  to  1483.  He  later  added  a 
chronicle  of  the  famous  expedition  of  Charles  the  Eighth  to 
Italy ID  3923-34 

Champier,    Symphorien     (1471-1540),    a    famous     French    physician; 

author  of  poems,  and  historical  writings 42        102 

Gringoire,    Pierre    (1475-1539),  a    French  court   poet   to  Louis  XII.; 

notable  as  the  creator  of  French  political  dran^a 42       235 

Rabelais  (1490-15 53),  the  grandest  historic  type  of  French  genius; 
the  great  first  master  of  French  as  Dante  was  of  Italian,  and 
Homer  of  Greek;  he  produced,  in  his  diverting,  fantastic  style, 
two  great  epics  of  ridicule  of  errors  and  revelation  of  ideals 
which  have  made  him  seem  the  precursor  of  Voltaire  and 
Diderot,  while  his  style  has  placed  him  at  the  head  of  all 
French  writers 30  1 2001-26 

Marguerite  of  Navarre  (1492-1549),  sister  of  Francis  the  First,  the 
king  of  France,  has  both  a  personal  and  a  literary  story  in  the 


FRENCH  LITERATURE  ^  ^^[ 

Library,  of  extreme  interest.  Her  <Heptameron>  is  a  collec- 
tion of  stories  . 24  9702-^3 

Marot  (1497-1544),  a  poet  of  peculiar  charm,  whose  activity  was  at 

its  best  about  A.  D.  1525-35 24  9729^36 

Desp6riers,  Bonaventure  (1505-44),  secretary  to  Marguerite  of  Na- 
varre, author  of  ninety  stories  not  printed  until  1558,  and  of  a 
violent  attack  on  Christianity 42        142 

Calvin,  John  (1509-64),  the  author  of  <  Institutes  of  the  Christian 
Religion, >  written  in  Latin  and  published  in  Switzerland  in 
1536,    was  of    French   birth    and    natural    citizenship,    and    his 

<  Institutes  ^  appeared  with  a  <  Prefatory  Address  >  to  Francis 
First,  the  French  king,  whose  sister  Marguerite  had  be- 
friended him.     He   also  wrote  works   in   French,  the    influence 

of  which  upon  the  language  was  very  great 8  3117-28 

Amyot,  Jacques  (1513-93),  a  French  author  famous  for  elegant  trans- 
lations from  the  Greek,  including  both  the  <  Lives  >  and  the 
<Morals>  of  Plutarch 42  17 

Ramus,  Pierre  (1515-72),  a  French  critical  philosopher ;  author  of  ex- 
tremely radical  studies  of  Aristotle,  and  of  a  work  in  French 
on  logic,  also  treatises  on  arithmetic,  geometry,  and  algebra.  ...  43       451: 

Bellay,  Joachim  du  (1524-60),  a  prominent  «Pleiade»  poet  and  writer 

on  the  French  language 42         52 

Ronsard  (1524-85),  whose  work  in  poetry  in  the  years  1550-60  had 
immense  success;  was  as  great  an  originator  and  creator  for 
French  culture  and  the  French  language  as  Rabelais  had 
been 31   12373-83 

Brantome  (1527-1614),  who  was  long  a  brilliant  courtier,  wrote  in  re- 
tirement, during  the  years    1 594-1614,  a    series    of  volumes    of 

<  Lives  >  which  admirably  mirror  the  Valois  period  and  court  in 
French  history 6  2319-27 

Belleau,  R6my  (1528-77),  noted    French  poet,  one    of  the  «Pleiade,»   " 

and  translator  of  Anacreon 42         52 

Pasquier,  £tienne  (1529-1615),  a  celebrated  French  jurisconsult;  author 
of  a  great  work  of  <  Researches  on  France,*  and  of  another  of 
importance  known  as  <  Pasquier's  Letters* 43       419 

Baif,  Jean  Antoine  de  (1532-89),  French  poet,  one  of  the  «Pleiade,» 
advocate  of  reform  in  the  language,  and  translator  of  Greek 
and  Latin  dramas 42         36 

Montaigne  (1533-92),  whose  < Essays*  are  among  the  most  famous  books 
of  the  world,  published  two  books  of  them  in  1580,  and  a  third 
in  1588.  The  final  edition  appeared  in  1595,  with  additions 
made  by  the  author  before  his  death.  John  Florio's  English 
translation  was  published  early  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
was  used  by  both  Bacon  and  Shakespeare.  The  < Essays*  of 
Bacon  were  a  partial  imitation  only 26  10237-48 

Scaliger,  Joseph  Justus  (i  540-1609),  a  French  critic  and  classical 
scholar  of  great  celebrity ;  a  convert  to  Protestantism ;  and  author 
of  works  extremely  rich  in  learning 43       482 


xlii  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Desportes,  Philippe  (i 546-1606),  a  poet  noted  for  rare  verse  and  purity 
of  style;  author  of  elegfies  and  sonnets,  a  translation  of  the 
Psalms,  and  < Christian  Prayers  and  Meditations* 42        142 

Aubign6,  Theodore  Agrippa  d'  (1551-1630),  French  author  of  poem 
portraying  the  horrors  of  wars  of  religion,  and  of  satires  on  re- 
ligious strife;  author  of  a  < Universal  History > 42         29 

Malherbe,  Francois  de  (i 555-1628),  a  famous  French  poet,  court- 
poet  in  1605 ;  the  inaugurator  of  a  French  classical  style, 
making  Parisian  French  the  standard  for  the  kingdom 43       364 

St.  Francis  de  Sales  (1567-1622),  author  of  works  of  pietism,  may 
be  counted  the  precursor  of  Fenelon.  His  greatest  activity 
was  in  the  quarter  of  a  century  before  his  death  in  1622  .  ..32   12732-42 

Montchrestien,  Antoine  de  (1570-1621),  a  French  dramatist;  author 
of  tragedies,  and  poems  of  merit,  and  of  a  work  on  political 
economy  said  to  have  been  the  first  to  introduce  the  term  in 
French  literature 43       388 

Hardy,  Alexandre  (i 570-1631),  French  author  of  some  hundreds  of 
plays;  said  to  be  one  of  the  earliest  of  French  authors  and 
adapters  of  plays 42       247 

Bertaut,  Jean  (1570-1611),  author  of  poems,  songs,  and  canticles 42         57 

Regnier,  Mathurin  (1573-1613),  a  French  poet;  author  of  epistles 
and  elegies,  and  especially  famous  for  his  < Satires*  in  which  he 
imitated  Horace,  Juvenal,  and  Martial 43       454 

Rohan,  Henri  de  (1579-1638),  a  French  general  and  military  writer; 
author  of  four  books  of  memoirs  which  rank  among  the  finest 
of  those  written  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries.  ...  43       464 

Richelieu,  Armand-Jean  du  Plessis  (1585-1642),  a  great  cardinal- 
statesman  of  France,  prime  minister  of  great  influence;  and 
notable  for  his  interest  in  literature  and  art;  to  small  extent  a 
writer  of  note 43        458 

Gassehdi,  Pierre  (1592-1655),  a  French  philosopher,  scholar,  and  as- 
tronomer; author  of  works  broadly  representative  of  thought 
and  science  in  the  seventeenth  century 42        210 

Chapelain,  Jean  (i  595-1674),  a  French  scholar  in  Greek,  Latin,  Ital- 
ian, and  Spanish ;  a  leading  founder  of  the  French  Academy ; 
author  of  twelve  cantos  of  an  epic  on  the  Maid  of  Orleans.  .  .  .42        103 

Desmarets  de  Saint-Sorlin,  Jean  (1595-1676),  a  French  poet,  favorite 
of  Richelieu;  one  of  the  first  Academicians;  author  of  come- 
dies, epics,  and,  in  his  later  years,  religious  poems 42        141 

Descartes  (1596-1650),  one  of  the  eminent  thinkers  of  the  modern 
world;  worked  out  a  system  of  new  departure  in  philosophy 
during  a  twenty  years'  residence  in  Holland,  1629-49 11  4585-95 

Balzac,  Jean  L.  G.  de  (1597-1654),  a  French  essayist,  historian,  and 
author  of  elaborate  epistles  of  g^reat  influence  upon  French 
prose 42         39 

Colletet,  Guillaume  (1598-1659),  author  of  poems  and  epigrams;  a  poet 
favored  by  Richelieu  and  one  of  the  original  members  of  the 
French  Academy 42        115 


FRENCH  LITERATURE 


xliii 


Billaut,  Adam  (1600 ?-62),  a  carpenter-poet  of  great  genius 42         59 

Aubignac,  Abb6  d'  (1604-76),  French  essayist  and  miscellaneous  writer; 

author  of  a  work  on  the  theory  of  the  drama 42         29 

Mairet,  Jean  de  (1604-86),  a  French  dramatist,  author  of  pastorals, 
tragedies,  and  tragi -comedies ;  his  <  Sophonisbe,  >  the  first  regular 
French  tragedy;  in  the  history  of  French  drama,  the  precursor 
of  Corneille 43       363 

Corneille  (1606-84),  from  whom  the  history  of  modern  French  drama 
dates,  was  active  in  the  production  of  both  comedies  and  trage- 
dies from  1634  to  1674.  Eight  pages  of  examples  are  given  in 
the  Library 10  4065-78 

Mezeray,  Frangois  Eudes  de  (1610-83),  a  French  historian,  historio- 
grapher under  Richelieu;  author  of  an  important  < History  of 
France*  initiating  the  modern  method  of  making  history  refer 
to  the  people  as  well  as  to  governments  and  public  affairs  ...  .43        381 

Du  Cange,  Charles  Dufresne  (1610-88),  a  celebrated  French  scholar, 

author  of  important  lexicographical  and  historical  works 42        153 

Rochefoucauld  (1613-80),  a  great  figure  of  old  French  life  and  of 
French  literature;  wrote  his  famous  < Maxims,*  and  his  equally 
famous  < Memoirs,*  after  a  shot  in  the  head  in  a  battle  of  1654 
had  forced  him  to  retire  from  military  life 31   12320-34 

Cyrano  de  Bergerac,  Savinien  (1619-55),  a  French  writer  of  literary 
extravaganzas ;  author  of  letters,  comic  histories,  and  notably  ef- 
fective dramas 42        128 

La  Fontaine  (1621-95),  who  published  his  celebrated  < Fables*  in  in- 
stallments during  the  years  1664-93 ;  has  a  book  of  twenty-two 
pages  in  the  Library,  including  ten  fine  examples 22  8779-8800 

MoliSre  (1622-73),  the  greatest  of  modem  comic  dramatists,  whose 
best  comedies  were  produced  in  the  years  1662-72;  has  a  book 
of  fifty -three  pages  in  the  Library,  —  eleven  pages  of  the  story  of 
his  career,  and  forty-two  pages  of  choice  examples  from  five  of 
the  comedies s6  10153-205 

Pascal  (1623-62),  a  master  spirit  of  the  world  of  thought,  and  a 
writer  who  did  much  to  perfect  the  French  language ;  produced 
his  famous  works  in  the  years  1654-62 28   11 143-56 

Corneille,  Thomas  (1625-1709),  a  French  dramatist,  brother  of  Pierre, 
but  most  notable  for  his  < Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences* 
and  other  similar  works  in  which  he  was  a  forerunner  of  the 
French  Encyclopedists , 42       121 

S6vign6  [Madame  de]  (1627-96),  the  most  perfect  example  of 
French  genius  in  a  woman,  is  famous  for  the  letters  written 
by  her  in  the  years  1670-96 33  13153-66 

Bossuet  (1627-1704),  who  is  most  notable  as  a  pulpit  orator  of  al- 
most unequaled  power,  appears  in  the  Library  by  a  story  of 
nine  pages  and  nine  pages  of  examples 5  2209-26 

Perrault  (i  628-1 703),  author  of  famous  tales  for  children,  of  which  six- 
teen pages  are  given  in  the  Library ;  the  first  published  in  1691. 
The  Mother  Goose  tales  came  out  in  a  collection  in  1697.  ...  29   11323-42 


xliv  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Bourdaloue    (1632-1704),    the    powerfully    eloquent    Jesuit    preacher; 

ranks   with   Bossuet  in  the  history  of  the  French  pulpit 25      978o 

F16chier,    Esprit    (1632-1710),    a    notable    French   pulpit   orator,   and 

author  of  historical  and  biographical  studies 42        191 

La  Fayette  [Madame  de]  (1634-93),  author  of  <The  Princess  of 
Cleves,>  one  of  the  great  classics  of  French  literature;  was 
the  first  writer  of  French  fiction  to  base  a  novel  on  study  of 
character  and  truth  of  feeling 22  8767-78 

Boileau  (1636-1711),  whose  <Epistles>  and  <Art  of  Poetry*  were 
written  between  1666  and  1674,  is  a  notable  new  figure  in 
French  literature  as  the  first  of  a  long  line  of  critics 5  2141-51 

Dangeau,  Marquis  de  (1638-1720),  author  of  <  Memoirs  >  and  a  journal 

of  value  for  the  period  1684-1720 42        131 

Deshoulidres,  Antoinette  (1638-94),  a  woman  poet,  author  of  trage- 
dies, comedies,  and  operas,  and  famed  as  the  «Tenth  Muse».  .  .42        141 

Saint-R6al,  Abbe  de  (1639-92),  a  French  historian,  called  «the  French 
Sallust,^^  author  of  historical  writings  of  some  note,  and  of  an 
historical  novel  <Don  Carlos  >  which  was  the  chief  source  of 
Schiller's  drama  of  that  name 43       477 

Racine  (1639-99),  most  of  whose  work  was  done  in  the  years  1664- 
77,  but  who  added  two  sacred  tragedies,  <  Esther  >  and  ^Ath- 
alie,>  in  1689  and  1691 ;  carried  French  tragedy  to  its  highest 
perfection.     The  Library  has  ten  pages  of  examples 30  12027-40 

Fleury,  Claude  (1640-1723),  a  French  churchman,  a  notable  figure  at 
the  courts  of  Louis  XIV.  and  Louis  XV. ;  author  of  a  most  im- 
portant < Ecclesiastical  History >  (to  A.  D.  1414) 42        192 

La  Bruyere    (1645-96),    the    great    French    satirist,    brought    out  his 

<  Characters  >  in  1687 22  8760-66 

Bayle,  Pierre  (164 7-1706),  French  philosopher  and  critic;  author  of  a 

celebrated  <  Historical  and  Critical  Dictionary  > 42         48 

Joly,  Guy,  a  seventeenth-century  French  writer  of  memoirs,  curious, 

readable,  and  accurate,  although  partisan 42        292 

Sagard,  Th6odat  Gabriel,  a  French  missionary  to  the  Hurons  of 
Canada  in  the  seventeenth  century;  author  of  an  early  < History 
of  Canada> 43        475 

F6nelon  (1651-1715),  whose  literary  production  was  mostly  within  the 
years  1687-1708,  is  notable  as  a  mystic  and  pietist,  and  hardly 
less  as  a  preacher,  of  eloquence  approaching  that  of  Massil- 
lon 14  5641-48 

Petis  de  la  Croix,  Francois  (1653-1713),  a  French  Orientalist ;  professor 
of  Arabic  in  Paris;  translator  from  the  Persian  of  <The  Thou- 
sand and  One  Days,*  and  author  of  a  great  work  on  the  his- 
tory of  Timur  from  the  Arabic 43       426 

Regnard,  Jean  Francois  (1656-1709),  a  French  comic  dramatist,  by 
common  consent  in  France  second  to  Moliere  only;  author  of 
comedies,  satires,  and  poems 43       454 

Campistron,  Jean  Galbert  de  (1656-1713),  a  French  dramatist;  author 

of  tragedies  closely  imitating  those  of  Racine , 42         91 


FRENCH  LITERATURE  xlv 

Rapin  de  Thoyras,  Paul  de  (1661-1725),  a  French  historian,  notable  for 
a  *■  History  of  England  >  which  is  considered  one  of  the  most  com- 
plete and  impartial  expositions  of  English  events  ever  published.  43       451 

Dancourt,  or   Florent   Carton    (1661-1725),    author   of  comedies   and 

farces,  ranked  by  Voltaire  next  to  Moliere  for  low  comedy  ...    42        131 

Massillon  (i  663-1 742),  whose  greatest  pulpit  successes  in  Paris  fell  in 
the  years  1699-1719,  supplies  a  study  in  pulpit  eloquence  un- 
equaled  in  the  history  of  Christian  culture.  The  Library  de- 
votes seventeen  pages  to  it 25  97S0-96 

Le  Sage  (1668-1747),  the  first  great  realist  in  fiction,  and  the  first 
Frenchman  to  earn  a  living  by  authorship,  won  his  first  brill- 
iant success  with  two  dramas  in  1707,  and  ten  years  later  pro- 
duced <Gil  Blas,^  his  epoch-making  novel,  which  was  the  parent 
and  pattern  of  Fielding  and  Smollett.  His  comedy  *Turcaret,> 
satirizing  the  financiers,  trading  classes,  and  nobility,  one  of 
the  best  comedies  in  French  literature.  The  Library  has  seven- 
teen pages  of  fine  examples 22  8984-9004 

Dubos,   Jean  Baptiste    (1670-1742),   a  French  essayist  and  critic  of 

notable  importance  for  his  influence  upon  criticism 42        153 

Caylus,  Marquise  de  (1673-1729),  French  writer  of  memoirs  specially 

valuable  for  the  insight  they  give  into  the  life  of  Louis  XIV.  .42         99 

Saint-Simon  (1675-1755),  whose  < Memoirs >  are  almost  unexampled 
for  interest  and  historical  value,  describing  French  life  under 
Louis  Fourteenth  and  the  succeeding  Regency,  executed  his 
great  work  in  the  years  1694-1723.  Five  fine  examples  fill  four- 
teen pages  of  the  Library 32  12709-26 

Destouches,  Philippe  (1680-1754),  dramatist  of  distinction,  and  diplo- 
mat (to  England),  author  of  models  of  high  comedy 42        142 

Montesquieu  (1689-1755),  whose  greatest  work,  the  < Spirit  of  Laws,> 
was  the  text-book  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  of  the 
wiser  leaders  in  the  French  Revolution,  brought  out  his  three 
chief  works  within  the  years  1715-48.  The  Library  has  six 
pages  of  story,  and  nine  examples  filling  sixteen  pages.  .  .  .26  10249-270 

Piron  (1689-1773),  who  produced  a  masterpiece  in  his  comedy  <La 
Metromanie,>  is  chiefly  notable  for  epigram  and  biting  satire 
during  a  half  century  from  1619 29  1 1506-12 

Quesnay,  Francois  (1694-1774),  a  French  physician  and  economist,  au- 
thor of  famous  studies  in  political  economy  which  founded  the 
Physiocrat  school  and  was  very  influential  on  Adam  Smith ....  4  3       447 

Voltaire  (1694-1778),  whose  active  career  covered  the  sixty  years 
1718-78,  and  whose  immense  production  of  a  great  variety  of 
works  in  ideally  perfect  French  contributed  the  chief  protest 
of  the  new  spirit  preparatory  to  the  Revolution,  has  a  book  of 
forty-two  pages  in  the  Library,  a  full  story  of  the  man  and  the 
author,  and  thirty-four  pages  of  fine  examples 38   15449-90 

Prevost  (1697-1763),  a  prolific  writer  in  the  years  1730-60,  produced  in 
his  novelette  ^Manon  Lescaut,^  one  of  the  classics  of  French 
literature , 3a  11805-19 


xlvi  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Du  Deffand  [Madame]  (1697-1780),  a  woman  of  rare  charm  and 
genius,  represented  during  the  years  1730-80  the  spirit  of  free- 
thinking  and  revolution  characteristic  of  the  age  before  the 
Revolution 11   4471-78 

Quesnel,  Pierre  (1699-1774),  a  French  abb6  and  historian;  author  of 
a  great  work  which  he  spent  nearly  forty  years  in  preparing, 
the  <  History  of  the  Jesuits  > 4  3       448 

Duclos,  Charles  Pinot  (1704-72),  a  French  historian;  author  of  stories, 
historical  studies,  and  most  valuable  memoirs  of  the  reigns  of 
Louis  XIV.  and  Louis  XV *  . .  42       154 

Crebillon,  Claude  Prosper  Jolyot  de  (1707-77),  French  novelist  of 
irreproachable  life,  but  author  of  stories  marked  not  less  by 
masterly  style  than   by  moral  impurity 42        124 

Crebillon  (1674-1762),  whose  literary  activity  covered  the  years  1705-55, 

produced  tragedies  of  interest  to  the  student 10  4167-80 

Bufibn  (1707-88),  whose  monumental  < Natural  History,*  published 
1749-89,  first  brought  the  subject  of  natural  history  into  popular 
literature,  was  the  most  widely  read  and  quoted  French  writer 
of  his  time  after  Voltaire  and  Rousseau 6  2689-96 

La  Mettrie,  Julien  Offray  de  (1709-51),  a  French  army  surgeon;  au- 
thor of  studies  comparing  the  body  and  the  miiid,  and  advo- 
cating, from  his  observations,  a  system  of  extreme  atheistic 
materialism 43       323 

C0II6,  Charles  (1709-83),  a  French  dramatist;  author  of  very  effective 
comedies,  of  songs,  and  lyrics,  almost  equal  to  those  of  B6ranger 
and  of  an  < Historic  JournaP  notable  for  its  calumnies 42        115 

Rousseau  (1712-78),  who  made  an  immense  impression,  first  of  suc- 
cess, and  then  of  offense,  during  the  years  1749-69,  was  es- 
pecially eflFective  as  a  precursor  of  the  Revolution  by  three 
works,  <The  New  Heloise,*  <The  Social  Contract,*  and  <fimile.> 
The  Library  has  six  pages  of  story  and  fifteen  of  examples. 31   12435-56 

Diderot  (1713-84),  whose  most  important  work  was  done  in  the  years 
1746-66,  was  the  moving  spirit  and  master-hand  in  conceiving 
and  executing  the  famous  <  Encyclopedic  * 12  4689-4703 

Helv6tius,  Claude  Adrien  (1715-71),  a  French  economic  and  philo- 
sophic writer  of  interest  in  connection  with  the  movement 
represented  by  the  great  French  < Encyclopedic > 42       259 

Condillac,  fitienne  de  (1715-80),  a  French  philosopher  of  international 
note  as  the  originator  of  the  theory  that  all  knowledge  comes 
through  the  senses 42        117 

Barth61emy,  Jean  Jacques  (1716-95),  French  antiquarian;  author  of  a 

fascinating  work  on  domestic  and  social  life  in  ancient  Greece.  42         45 

Daubenton,  Louis  (1716-99),  naturalist  and  botanist,  contributor  of  im- 
portant anatomical  supplements  to  Vols,  i-v  of  Bufifon's  <  Natural 
History  * 42        133 

D'Alembert  (1717-83),  one  of  the  greatest  representatives  of  modem 
science,  from  1739  to  1783,  is  most  notable  for  the  leading 
part  which  he  took  with  Diderot  in  executing  his  scheme  for  a 


FRENCH  LITERATURE 


xlvii 


work  embodying  all  knowledge.  The  Library  has  his  eulogy  of 
Montesquieu  in  the  <Encyclopedie,>  filling  fourteen  pages i     354-70 

Cazotte,  Jacques  (1719-92),  French  poet  and  humorist,  of  extraordinary 
skill  in  versifying;  author  of  poems  of  chivalry  and  tales  of 
wonder 42         99 

Sedaine,  Michel  Jean  (1719-97),  a  French  playwright,  author  of  suc- 
cessful comedies  and  comic  operas,  regarded  as  the  originator 
of  comic  opera 43       488 

Holbach,  Paul  Heinrich  (1723-89),  a  French  philosopher  and  writer 
closely  associated  with  the  eminent  French  freethinkers  of  his 
time,  and  author  of  works  expounding  materialistic  and  atheis- 
tic views 42        269 

Casanova  (1725-1803),  whose  ^Memoirs*  were  his  chief  literary  achieve- 
ment, was  a  most  unique  figure  through  the  last  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  at  once  brilliant  in  genius  and  disreputable 
in  character.  The  Library  gives  an  example  ten  pages  in 
length  from  one  of  his  stories 8  3321-32 

£pinay,  Madame  d'  (1726-83),  a  notable  French  woman  writer;  author 

of  memoirs  of  value,  and  of  an  interesting  autobiogfraphy 42        171 

Turgot,  Baron  de  I'Aulne  (1727-81),  an  eminent  French  statesman 
and  political  economist,  a  chief  representative  of  the  Physiocrat 
economical   school 43        534 

Beaumarchais  (1732-99),  author  of  the  famous  comedies,  <The  Barber 
of  Seville, >  and  <The  Marriage  of  Figaro,*  1775  and  1784,  was 
an  energetic  disciple  of  Voltaire  and  promoter  of  revolution.  .  ,4  1657-73 

Ducis,  Jean  Frangois  (1733-1816),  a  French  dramatist,  very  successful 

in  his  adaptations  of  Shakespeare  to  the  French  stage 42        154 

Bailly,  Jean  Sylvain  (1736-93),  a  distingfuished  French  astronomer 
and  statesman,  first  president  of  the  National  Assembly  (1789) 
and  author  of  <  History  of  Astronomy  > 42         36 

Linguet,  Simon  Nicolas  Henri  (1736-94),  a  French  historical  writer 
of  great  note  for  his  < History  of  the  Age  of  Alexander,*  his 
^Judiciary  Memoirs,*  and  other  numerous  works  on  law,  poli- 
tics, and  science 43       344 

Saint-Pierre  (1737-1814),  whose  romance,  <Paul  and  Virginia,*  brought 

out  in  1788,  is  a  classic  of  universal  literature 32   12695-708 

Boufflers,  Marquis  de  (1738-1815),  poet,  story-writer,  and  soldier. ;..  .42         69 

Dupont  de  Nemours,  Pierre  Samuel  (1739-1817),  a  French  economist 
following  Quesnay's  theory,  that  all  value  is  derived  from 
land — the  idea  revived  later  by  Henry  George 42.      157 

Chamfort,  S6bastien  (1741-94),  author  of  comedies,  poems,  political 
articles,  and  literary  criticisms — his  < Maxims  and  Thoughts* 
of  high  rank 42        102 

CharriSre,  Isabelle  (i 740-1805),  one  of  the  most  accomplished  women 

of  her  day,  author  of  novels,  dramas,  and  studies 42        104 

Rollinat,  Andrd- (1741-93),  a  French  historian,  author  of  works  on  the 
early  navigators  credited  with  the  discovery  of  America  before 
Columbus 43       465 


xlviii  FRENCH   LITERATURE 

Condorcet,  Marquis  de  (1743-94),  French  mathematician,  philosopher, 
and  economist;  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the  Revolution;  author 
of  < Historical  Sketch  of  the  Progress  of  the  Human  Mind>.  .  .  .42        117 

Lavoisier,  Antoine  Laurent  (1743-94),  a  celebrated  French  chemist, 
discoverer  of  the  true  character  of  oxygen  gas,  and  author  in 
1789  of  a  treatise  on  chemistry  which  is  the  foundation  of  the 
modern  science 4  3       33o 

Lamarck,  Jean  Baptiste  (1744-1829),  a  celebrated  French  naturalist, 
author  of  treatises  of  great  importance  on  natural  history,  and 
originator  in  his  < Zoological  Philosophy*  of  the  idea  of  develop- 
ment of  new  species 43        322 

Boisard,  F.  M.  (1744-1833),  notably  original  author  of  < Fables* 42         65 

Beaunoir,   Alexandre   (i 746-1 823),   author  of  more  than  two  hundred 

popular  French  comedies 42         49 

Mirabeau   (1749-91),  the  almost  incomparable  orator  of  the  opening 

of  the  French  Revolution,  has  twenty  pages  in  the  Library.  25   10077-96 

Laplace,  Pierre  Simon  (1749-1827),  a  famous  French  mathematician 
and  physical  astronomer,  author  of  some  of  the  most  famous 
researches  in  the  history  of  science 4  3       327 

Lacretelle,  Pierre  Louis  (i  751-1824),  French  author  of  legal  works, 
and  of  <  Portraits  and  Pictures  >  containing  masterly  descriptions 
of  Napoleon,  Mirabeau,  and  Lafayette.  Jean  Charles  (1766- 
1855),  noted  French  historian,  university  professor  in  Paris,  au- 
thor of  important  French  historical  studies  and  memoirs 43        320 

Bertin,  Antoine  (1752-90),  an  elegiac  and  epistolary  poet 42  57 

Campan,  Jeanne  Louise  Henriette  (1752-1822),  French  author  of  mem- 
oirs, recollections,  and  essays  on  education 42         90 

Rivarol,  Antoine  (1754-1801),  a  French  publicist,  scholar,  and  satirist, 
author  of  a  French  dictionary,  of  a  volume  of  satires  against 
authors  of  his  day,  and  one  of  the  most  brilliant  wits  of  the 
eighteenth  century 43        460 

Joubert  (1754-1824),  whose  fine  volume  of  < Thoughts*  represents  the 
half  century  of  his  reflections  and  observations  from  1774  to  1824, 
has  ten  pages  of  examples  and  four  of  story  in  the  Library.  .21  8385-98 

Destutt   de   Tracy   (1754-1836),  a   French   economic   writer  to  whom 

Thomas  Jefferson  accorded  special  praise  in  his  Letters 42        142 

Talleyrand-Perigord,  Charles  Maurice  de  (1754-1838),  a  celebrated 
French  diplomat,  author  of  <  Memoirs*  and  <  Correspondence  *  of 
great  value  for  French  history 43        514 

Collin  .d'Harleville,  Jean    Francois    (1755-1806),    French    dramatist, 

author  of  comedies  notable  for  excellent  moral  feeling  ........  4  2        115 

Brillat-Savarin  (1755-1826),  a  member  of  the  bar,  and  judge  in  Paris 
from  1796  to  1826,  brought  out  in  1825  a  work  of  inimitable  wit 
and  reminiscence  entitled  <The  Physiology  of  Taste,*  which  ap- 
pears in  the  Library  by  thirteen  pages  of  examples 6   2365-80 

Florian  (1755-94),  author  of  <  Fables  *  which  have  become  classic  with 
those  of  La  Fontaine,  was  a  poet,  1782-94,  who  barely  escaped 
being  a  victim  of  the  bloody  tyranny  of  Robespierre 14  5849-52 


FRENCH  LITERATURE 


xlix 


Cabanis,  Pierre  J.  G.  (1757-1808),  French  physician  and  philosophical 

writer,  author  of  an  account  of  Mirabeau's  death 42         87 

Andrieux,   Fran9ois    Jean    Stanislas    (1759-1833),    French   dramatist 

and  poet,  noted  especially  for  his  comedies  and  poetical  tales.  .42  19 

Saint-Simon,  Count  de  (i  760-1 825),  a  French  socialist  reformer,  author 
of  works  proposing  a  scientific  reconstruction  of  society,  includ- 
ing improved  industrial  arrangements 4  3       477 

Babeuf,  Francois  Noel  (1760-1797),  founder  in  Paris  (1794)  of  a  com- 
munist journal  and  advocate  of  extreme  communism 42         33 

Rouget  de  Lisle,  Claude  Joseph  (i 760-1 836),  an  officer  of  engineers 
at  Strasburg,  who  composed  on  the  night  of  April  25,  1792, 
both  the  words  and  the  music  of  the  <  Marseillaise  > ;  author 
also  of  other  songs,  and  of  poems  and  stories 43        469 

Raynouard,  Frangois  Juste-Marie  (1761-1836),  a  French  poet  and 
philologist  of  Provence;  author  of  tragedies  produced  with 
great  success,  and  of  books  on  the  Provengal  language  and  lit- 
erature, including  a  <  Dictionary  of  the  Language  of  the  Trou- 
badours > 43       452 

Ch6nier  (1762-94),  a  victim  July  25,  1794,  of  the  French  Revolution, 

appears  in  his  poetry  a  precursor  of  Byron  and  De  Musset ....  9  3601-08 

Talma,  Joseph  Fran9ois  (i  763-1 826),  a  great  French  actor,  as  a  tra- 
gedian notable  for  many  improvements  in  stage  production, 
author  of  memoirs  and  theatrical  studies 43        514 

Bouilly,  Jean  Nicholas  (i 763-1 842),  author  of  comedies,  comic  operas, 

and  stories  for  children 42         69 

Ch6nier,  Marie  Joseph  de  (1764-1811),  a  French  poet  and  dramatist, 
a  Jacobin  in  the  Revolution,  author  of  popular  tragedies, 
songs  and  satires;  his  success  and  fame  due  largely  to  his  polit- 
ical radicalism ;  author  of  the  famous  <  Partant  pourla  Syrie  > 
(Parting  Song) 42        105 

De  Maistre  (1764-1852),  notable  for  the  one  small  book,  <A  Journey 
Round  My  Room  > ;  wrote  also  some  stories  premonitory  in 
their  realism  of  later  fiction 24  9617-22 

De  Sta6l  [Madame]  (1766-1817),  a  woman  of  rare  strength  of  mind 
and  power  of  thought,  rendered  to  France  from  about  1810  the 
great  service  of  making  known  the  value  of  German  learn- 
ing and  literature.  The  Library  has  eighteen  pages  of  ex- 
amples   35  13823-44 

Chaussard,  Pierre  (i  766-1 823),  a  French  poet  and  historian,  ardently 
devoted  to  the  Revolution,  and  author  of  odes  and  other  writ- 
ings marked  by  intense   patriotism 42        105 

Maine  de  Biran,  Marie  Francois  (1766-1824),  a  noted  French  philos- 
opher, founder  of  philosophic  spiritualism  in  modern  French 
literature 43        363 

Constant  de  Rebecque,  Henri  Benjamin  (1767-1830),  a  French  pub- 
licist, author  of  works  on  political  history  and  theories,  and  on 
religion   historically  considered;   author  also   of   a   romance   of  , 

great  European  influence 42        iiS 

4 


1  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Say,  Jean  Baptiste  (1767-1832),  a  noted  French  economist,  author  of 
widely-read  works  which  popularized  the  theories  of  Adam 
Smith  in  France 43        481 

Michaud,  Joseph  Fran9ois  (1767-1839),  a  French  journalist,  poet,  and 
historian;  author  of  < History  of  the  Crusades,'  and  editor  with 
his  brother  of  the  <  Biographic  Universelle  > 43        381 

Duval,  Alexandre  (i  767-1 842),  French  soldier  in  the  American  Rev- 
olution; author  of  plays  notable  for  fine  dialogue,  interesting 
situations,  and  skillful  constructions 42        158 

Chateaubriand  (i  768-1 848),  whose  <  Genius  of  Christianity  >  had  an  im- 
mense success  to  revive  religion  in  France  in  the  years  1800-10, 
and  whose  <  Itinerary  from  Paris  to  Jerusalem  >  (1811)  is  an 
ideal  book  of  travels,  was  the  foremost  man  of  letters  of  his 
day  in  France,  and  a  landmark  of  the  last  days  of  the  old 
classical  style 9  3531-38 

Cuvier  (i 769-1 832),  who  cooperated  with  Lamarck  and  Saint-Hilaire 
in  the  development  of  zoological  and  biological  study  before 
Darwin,  gave  to  this  work  the  years  1788-1832 10  4251-66 

Jacotot,  Jean  Joseph  (1770-1840),  a  French  educational  authority  of 
distinction,  author  of  special  system  of  instruction  still  worthy 
of  educational  attention 42        286 

S6nancour  (i 770-1 846),  whose  <Obermann,>  published  in  1804,  was  es- 
pecially commended  by  Matthew  Arnold,  is  a  representative  of 
the  feeling  which  came  after  Voltaire  and  Rousseau  and  which 
influenced   Byron 33   13111-18 

Jay,  Antoine  (1770-1855),  a  French  journalist,  literary  critic,  and  essay- 
ist; author  of  numerous  important  historical  and  biogfraphical 
studies 42        288 

D^saugiers,  Marc  Antoine  (1772-1827),  a  noted  song-writer — hardly 
second  even  to  Beranger — and  dramatist,  author  of  remarkably 
successful  vaudevilles 42        141 

Courier,  Paul  Louis  (i  772-1 825),  a  French-Greek  scholar,  and  author 

of  political  pamphlets   notable  as  masterpieces  of  style 42        122 

Fourier,  Fran9ois  (1772-1837),  a  French  social  economist,  author  of 
works  designed  to  promote  an  industrial  and  social  revolu- 
tion     42        198 

Fauriel,  Claude  (1772-1844),  a  French  historian,  author  of  exceedingly 

valuable  studies  in  the  history  of  European  literature 42        181 

Baour-Lormian,  Louis  Pierre  (i 772-1 854),  French  poet  and  dram- 
atist, and  translator  of  the  Book  of  Job 42         41 

Ch6zy,  Antoine  Leonard  de  (1773-1832),  distinguished  French  Orient- 
alist, occupant  from  1815  of  the  first  chair  of  ancient  Indian 
languages  in  France,  translator  of  KS,lid§,sa's  <Sakuntala> 
( 1830) 42        106 

Sismondi  (1773-1842),  who  wrote  also  on  economic  questions,  brought 
out  a  < History  of  the  Italian  Republics*  in  1803-19,  and  a 
'History  of  the  French >  for  nearly  thirteen  centuries  in  1818- 
42 34   13471-86 


FRENCH  LITERATURE 


li 


£tienne,  ^Charles  Guillaume  (1778-1845),  an  eminent  French  dram- 
atist and  journalist;  was  censor  under  the  first  empire,  editor- 
in-chief  of  the  Journal  of  the  Empire;  was  expelled  from  the 
Academy  at  the  Restoration,  and  thereafter,  as  editor  of  the 
Constitutionnel,  was  a  strong  leader  on  the  side  of  the  opposi- 
tion; author  of  comedies  which  had  very  great  success 4*        173 

Quesn6,  Jacques  Salbigoton    (1778-1859),  a   French   man   of  letters, 

from  1800  devoted  to  literary  pursuits  after  service  in  the  army,  ** 

and  notable  for  his  < Confessions > 43       447 

R6musat,  Claire  filisabeth  Jeanne  de  (1780-1821),  a  French  woman 
of  intellectual  distinction,  companion  to  Josephine,  the  wife  of 
Napoleon;  author  of  memoirs  very  depreciatory  of  Napoleon, 
and  of  an  Essay  on  the  Education  of  Women 43        455 

Nodier  (1780-1844),  who  began  modestly  in  1802,  and  published  a 
small  volume  of  lyric  verse  in  1827,  is  best  known  by  his  fic- 
tion, in  which  his  gift  was  remarkable.  The  Library  has,  in 
ten  pages,  a  fine  example,  <  The  Golden  Dream  * 27   10672-84 

B6ranger  (1780-1857),  perhaps  the  most  popular  French  writer  of  his 
time  from  1815  to  1857,  was  also  ranked  among  the  greatest 
of  French  poets.     The  Library  has  ten  of  his  song^ 4  1783- 1800 

Lamennais  (1782-1854),  whose  literary  activity  extended  from  1807 
to  1854,  was  a  conspicuous  representative  of  change  from  old 
views  to  new  and  of  energetic  prosecution  of  new  departure  in 
reHgious  and  related  matters.  The  Library  g^ves  a  full  story 
and  twelve  pages  of  examples 22  8845-60 

Barante,  Baron  de  (i 782-1 866),  French  statesman  and  author  of  his- 
torical writings 42         41 

Ducange,  Victor  Henri  (i 783-1 833),  French  poet  and  story-teller;  au- 
thor of  novels  vividly  dramatic  and  descriptive,  and  of  numer- 
ous plays 42        153 

Beyle  [also  called  Stendhal]  (i  783-1 842),  a  novelist  especially  notable 
for  four  stories  of  high  merit,  wrote  also  biographies,  travels, 
and  criticism,  but  is  especially  important  in  his  relation  to 
the  development  of  modern  fiction.  The  Library  has  eight 
pages  of  story  and  fifteen  pages  of  examples 4  1861-83 

Chambray,  Georges  (1783-1848),  French  soldier  and  military  writer, 
served  with  Napoleon,  and  wrote  the  history  of  the  campaign 
of   1812  in  Russia 42        102 

Desbordes-Valmore,  Marceline  (1785-1859),  author  of  several  volumes 

of  poems  marked  by  great  pathos  and  sweetness 42        141 

Barridre,  J.   F.   (1786-1868),    French   historical   writer   and   editor  of 

numerous  memoirs 42         44 

Guizot  (1787-1874),  a  statesman  and  philosophic  historian  of  distinc- 
tion, was  active  in  literary  production  from  1828  to  1874 17  6771-80 

R6musat,  Jean  Pierre  Abel  (1788-1832),  a  French  Orientalist,  especially 
devoted  to  the  study  of  Chinese,  and  author  of  essays  of  re- 
search, and  of  translations  of  great  value 43       455 


lii  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Arago  (1786-18  53),  whose  brilliant  activity  in  science  made  him  one 
of  the  glories  of  France  from  1809  to  1853,  was  especially  notable 
in  literature  for  scientific  biographies  which  are  masterpieces  of 
style  and  of  clear  scientific  exposition.  The.  Library  gives  fifteen 
pages  of  his  account  of  astronomical  discoveries  down  to  the 
time  of  Laplace 2    704-22 

Custine,  Astolphe,  Marquis  de  (1790-1857),  French  novelist  and  author 

"    of  travels  in  England,  Switzerland,  Italy,  Spain,  and  Russia.  ...  42        127 

Lamartine  (1790-1869),  whose  < Meditations >  in  1820  were  the  first  note 
of  French  poetry  after  Chenier,  was  a  prolific  writer  of  poetry 
and  of  history,  and  an  actor  in  public  affairs,  until  1869 22  8801-16 

Villemain,  Abel  Francois  (1790-18 70),  a  French  writer,  one  of  a  noted 
trio  with  Cousin  and  Guizot,  author  of  works  of  great  literary 
and  historical  value 4  3       548 

Scribe  (1791-1861),  for  about  forty  years,  1821-61,  the  master  play- 
wright of  France,  invented  the  vaudeville  and  was  most  pro- 
lific in  production  of  laugh-provoking  comedies.  He  also  at- 
tempted serious  dramas  successfully,  and  wrote  charming  tales. 
The  Library  has  fourteen  pages  of  examples 33  13083-98 

Deschamps  de  Saint  Amand,  £mile  (1791-1871),  French  poet,  a 
leader  in  the  romantic  school,  author  of  comedies,  dramas, 
poems,  stories,  and  critical  essays;  also  founder  with  Victor 
Hugo  of  La  Muse  Frangaise 42       141 

Cousin  (1792-1867),  a  most  interesting  character  and  brilliant  lecturer, 
was  especially  influential  in  the  history  of  French  culture  from 
1828  to  1867 10  4079-88 

Delavigne  (i  793-1 843),  a   lyrical   poet  and   dramatist,  was  a   notable 

figure  in  French  literature  for  the  thirty  years  1813-43 11  4528-34 

Ancelot,  Jacques  (1794-18  54),  a  French   dramatist  and   novelist,  and 

author  of  satires  of  great  elegance  of  style 42  iS 

Flourens,  Marie  Jean  Pierre  (1794-1867),  an  eminent  French  writer 
on  physiology,  with  particular  reference  to  the  connection  be- 
tween the  physical,  intellectual,  and  ethical  states .42        192 

Thierry  (1795-18  56),  celebrated  not  only  as  a  historian  but  for  his 
improvement  of  the  methods  of  historical  research,  showed  his 
rare  genius  for  historical  science  in  works  published  in  1827, 
1840,  ^nd  1845.  Three  fine  examples  of  his  work,  filling  sixteen 
pages,  are  given  in  the  Library 37   14803-20 

Empis,  Adolphe  (1795-1868),  a  French  dramatist;  author  of  comedies 

of  true  humor,  keen  observation,  and  a  wholesome  moral  tone.  42        170 

Bayard,  J.  F.  A.  (1796-1853),  prolific  and  popular  author  of  plays  for 

the  theatres  of  Paris 42         47 

Debraux,    Paul    Emile    (i  796-1 831),    author   of   ardently    Republican 

ballads  and  songs,  known  as  «the  Beranger  of   the  rabble ^>..  .42        136 

Cahen,  Samuel  (i 796-1 862),  eminent  French  translator  of  the  Jewish  . 

Scriptures  (1841-53) 42  88 

Buchez,  P.  B.  J.  (1796-1865),  one  of  the  projectors  of  < Parliamentary 

History  of  the  French   Revolution* 42         81 


FRENCH  LITERATURE  IJij 

Barth61emy,  Auguste  (i  796-1 867),  author  of  satirical  epics  against  the 

Bourbon  dynasty  and  of  an  historical  epic  <  Napoleon  in  Egypt.  M*         45 

Mignet,  Francois  Auguste  Marie  (1796-1884),  a  French  historian; 
author  of  lives  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  Charles  V.,  and  Marie 
Stuart,  and  of  an  important  History  of  the  French  Revolution.  4  3       382 

Thierry,  Amed6e  (1797-1873),  a  French  historical  writer,  author  of 
works  of  special  value  for  Gallic  history  in  the  time  of  the 
Romans 43        522 

R6musat,  Charles  de  (1797-1875),  a  French  philosophical  writer  and 
public  official  of  distinction ;  author  of  historical,  biographical,  and 
critical  studies  in  philosophy  of  great  importance  and  value.  ..43        455 

Thiers  (1797-18  77),  the  literary  statesman  who  became  the  First 
President  of  the  French  Republic,  wrote  (1823-27)  the  first  <  His- 
tory of  the  French  Revolution  >  not  representing  eye-witness  tes- 
timony. He  followed  this  with  a  < History  of  Napoleon*  on 
which  he  spent  twenty  years,  1842-62 37  14821-44 

Comte  ( 1 798-1 857),  the  founder  of  a  school  of  radical  thought  and 
humanitarian  secularism,  brought  out  his  <  Positive  Philosophy  > 
in  the  years  1828-48,  and  his  <  Positive  Polity  >  between  1848  and 
1857.  The  full  story  and  examples  from  both  works  are  given 
in  the  Library 10  3935-44 

Saintine  (1798-1865),  achieving  literary  success  in  1819,  produced  in 

<  Picciola  >  one  of  the  most  exquisite  stories  ever  written,  and  as 
a  comic  dramatist  he  participated  in  the  production  of  over 
two  hundred  vaudevilles.     The   Library  gives  fifteen  pages  of 

<  Picciola  > 32  12678-94 

Chasles,  Philar^te  (1798-1873),  historical  and  literary  critic;  author  of 

most  instructive  essays,  and  of  works  of  great  value  in  French 

literary   history 42        104 

Michelet  (1798-1874),  whose  activity  in  literary  production  covered 
the  years  1831-74,  is  especially  distinguished  for  his  brilliant, 
passionate  treatment  of  the  history  of  his  country,  in  view 
especially  of  the  evolution  of  democratic  freedom 25  9982-94 

Duvergier  d'  Hauranne,  Prosper  (1798-1881),  a  French  political  writer, 
a  prominent  expositor  of  the  principles  of  representative  and 
parliamentary  government 42        158 

Denis,  Jean  Ferd.  (1798-1890),  an  explorer  and  historian;  author  of 
travels,  historical  novels,  and  histories  of  Brazil,  Buenos  Ayres, 
and  Paraguay 42       139 

Balzac  (1799-18  50),  the  greatest  of  French  novelists,  has  a  book  in 
the  Library  of  eighty-four  pages,  of  which  nineteen  pages  tell 
the  story  of  his  genius  and  his  productions,  and  sixty-five  give 
large  examples  of  his  work 3  1348-1429 

De  Vigny  (1797-1863),  whose  earliest  poems  appeared  in  1822,  while 
other  poems  and  his  <  Journal  >  were  published  after  his  death  in 
1863,  won  his  finest  laurel  by  his  historical  novel,  <Cinq  Mars,' 
in  1826.  He  ranks  as  the  most  perfect  example  of  the  roman- 
ticist spirit  in  French  literature 38   15341-53 


liv  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Belmontet,  Louis  (1799-1879),  a  French  publicist,  poet,  dramatist,  and 

journalist 42  53 

Ampere,  Jean  Jacques  Antoine  (1800-64),  a  French  literary  historian, 
author  of  a  <  Literary  History  of  France  before  the  XII  Cent- 
ury > 42  17 

Deschamps  de  Saint  Amand,  Antony  (1800-69),  younger  brother  of 

Emile,  translator  from  Dante,  and  author  of  < Political  Satires*.  42        141 

Filon,  Auguste  (1800-75),  a    French   historian  notable   for   important 

works  characterized  by  power  and  originality 42        188 

Mohl,  Julius  von  (1800-76),  a  German-French  Orientalist,  university 
professor  at  Tubingen,  and  in  the  College  de  France,  Paris,  au- 
thor of  an  edition  with  translation  of  Firdausi's  <  Shah  Namah  > .  4  3       386 

Bastiat  (1801-50),  an  economist  of  distinction,  advocate  of  free  trade, 

journalist,  whose  literary  activity  covered  the  years  1830-50.  .  .  .4   1607-16 

Bonnechose,  fimile    de   (1801-75),   author  of   histories  of  value   and 

poet 42         67 

Littr6,  Maximilian  Paul  £mile  (1801-81),  a  celebrated  French  philolo- 
gist, lexicographer,  and  philosophical  and  historical  writer;  au- 
thor of  the  most  important  and  valuable  of  French  dictionaries, 
of  a  history  of  the  French  language,  of  other  historical  studies, 
^and  of  translations  of  the  works  of  Hippocrates,  and  the  <  Nat- 
ural History  of  Pliny  > 43        345 

Lacordaire,  Jean  Baptiste  (1802-61),  a  noted  French  journalist  and 
pulpit  orator,  associated  with  Lamennais  in  founding  a  journal 
<L'Avenir>  which  was  condemned  by  the  Pope,  and  famous  as 
a  preacher  at  Notre  Dame  speaking  from  the  pulpit  on  the 
questions  of  the  day 43       319 

Dupanloup,  F61ix  (1802-78),  an  eminent  French  prelate  and  controver- 
sialist, author  of  important  Roman  Catholic  studies  of  education 
and  Christian  faith 42        156 

Hugo  (1802-85),  the  greatest  literary  figure  of  nineteenth-century 
France,  began  publishing  in  1822,  and  continued  for  more  than 
sixty  years.  His  genius  was  shown  in  matchless  lyrics,  in  great 
novels,  and  in  dramas  of  marvelous  power.  The  very  rich 
story  of  his  genius  and  career  fills  sixteen  pages  of  the  Library, 
and  eleven  examples,  nine  of  poetry  and  two  of  prose,  fill  forty- 
three  pages I  9  7709-67 

Brizeux,  J.  A.  P.  (1803-58),  French  poet 42  75 

M6rim6e  (1803-70),  a  most  accomplished  writer  of  fiction,  of  history, 
and  of  criticism,  in  the  years  1830-70,  is  represented  in  the 
Library  by  ten  pages  from  his  best  story 25  9941-55 

Dumas  (Senior)  (i8o3?-7o),  who  began  to  be  famous  in  1829,  and  had 
a  most  successful  career  of  forty  years,  is  celebrated  in  the 
Library  by  Andrew  Lang,  a  critical  story  of  ten  pages,  with  six 
examples  filling  thirty-four  pages 12  4957-5000 

Quinet  (1803-76),  whose  brilliant  career  in  letters  and  in  politics  filled 
the  years  1826-76,  ranks  as  one  of  the  profoundest  thinkers  and 
most  accomplished  writers  in  many  fields  of  modern  France.  30  11961-79 


FRENCH  LITERATURE  Jy 

Hippeau,  C^lestin  (1803-83),  eminent  French  educator  and  university 
professor;  author  of  important  literary,  educational,  and  histori- 
cal works 42        265 

Bernard,  Charles  de  (1804-50),  a  French  novelist  of  great  distinction 

in  the  style  of  Balzac 42         56 

Sue  (1804-57),  whose  first  series  of  novels  began  to  appear  in  1831, 
gave  expression  to  radical  socialistic  sympathies  in  his  <  Mys- 
teries of  Paris*  (1842)  and  his  < Wandering  Jew,*  remarkably 
bold  and  brilliant  novels.  The  Library  has  eighteen  pages  of 
examples 35   14181-201 

Sainte-Beuve  (1804-69),  emphatically  the  Journalist  in  modern  litera- 
ture, a  prince  of  critics  whose  regular  < Monday  Talks*  upon 
themes  of  culture,  in  the  years  1850-69,  fill  twenty -eight  volumes, 
has  been  for  a  generation  and  more  the  greatest  French  mas- 
ter of  the  study  of  writers  and  writings,  or  of  what  he  calls 
« literary  natural  history,**  « studying  books  and  authors.**  The 
Library  has  fifteen  pages  of  examples 32   12659-77 

Dash,  Countess  (1804-72),  a  prolific  writer  of  stories  of  French  high 

life 42       133 

Janin,  Jules  (1804-74),  a  French  journalist,  critic,  and  novelist;  author 
of  popular  literary  and  theatrical  criticisms,  stories,  and  novels, 
and  of  a  valuable  <  History  of  Dramatic  Literature  * 42        287 

Romey,  Louis  Charles  (1804-74),  a  French  historian  and  translator; 
author  of  an  unfinished  but  very  valuable  history  of  Spain 
from  its  early  days  to  the  present  time,  and  of  a  work  on  Rus- 
sia   43       465 

Sand  (1804-76),  the  conspicuously  representative  woman  of  genius  in 
modern  literature,  author  of  a  great  variety  of  novels  which  are 
masterpieces  of  pure  French,  is  celebrated  in  the  Library  by  a 
finely  critical  story  of  twelve  pages  from  the  pen  of  Madame 
Blanc,  and  by  thirty-five  pages  of   choice   examples 32   12759-805 

Eichthal,  Gustave    d'    (1804-86),  French  historical    and    ethnological 

writer,  author  of  social  and  religious  researches 42        166 

Aubert,  Joachim    (1804-90),   distinguished     French    general,   military 

writer,  journalist,  and  historical  writer 42         29 

Reuss,  Eduard  (1804-91),  an  eminent  French-German  scholar  of 
Strasburg;  author  of  valuable  works  of  advanced  learning  on 
the  books  of  the  Bible,  and  the  origin  of  Christianity 43       455 

De  Tocqueville  (1805-59),  who  published  in  1835  a  great  work  on 
< Democracy  in  America,*  is  represented  in  the  Library  by  six- 
teen pages  of  notable  selections,  and  a  full  critical  story  of  his 
career 37  14965-84 

Didier,  Charles  (1805-64),  poet  and  novelist  at  Geneva;  author  of  nov- 
els of  anti-Austrian,  anti-papal  patriotism,  with  masterly  depic- 
tion of  the  state  of  Italy 42        144 

Desnoyers,  Louis  (1805-68),  author  of  novels  and  vaudevilles,  founder 

of  Charivari  (1832)  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Si^cle 42       142 


Ivi  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Barbier,  Henri  A.  (1805-82),  French  poet;  author  of  satires,  political 
and  social,  and  of  a  historical  novel  depicting  medieval  society 
in  France 42         41 

Barth61emy-Saint-Hilaire,  Jules  (1805-?),  French   scholar  and  author 

of  works  in  philosophy  and  the  history  of  religions 42         45 

Souvestre  (1806-54),  author  of  plays,  short  stories,  and  historical 
works,  in  the  twenty  years  1834-54,  is  especially  notable  for 
his  delightful  reflection  of  the  life  and  traditions  of  Brit- 
tany   35   13693-706 

Anicet-Bourgeois,  Auguste  (1806-71),  French  dramatist,  author  of  a 
large  number  of  comedies,  vaudevilles,  melodramas,  in  whole  or 
in  part,  and  the  sole  author  of  some  of  the  best  plays  ascribed 
to  the  elder  Dumas 42         20 

Delaporte,  Michel  (1806-72),  a  popular  French  playwright,  author  of  a 

long  series  of  vaudevilles 42        137 

Girardin,  fimile  de  (1806-81),  a  French  journalist,  originator  of  the 
cheap  popular  press  of  Paris,  author  of  important  studies  in 
politics  and  journalism 42        219 

Lacroix,  Paul  (1806-84),  a  French  historical  writer,  literary  editor, 
and  novelist;  author  of  important  historical  studies,  historical 
novels,  and  works  of  special  historical  research  richly  illus- 
trated   43       320 

Barbey  d'Aur6villy,  Jules  (1808-89),  French  novelist  and  journal- 
ist   42         41 

Demogeot,  Jacques  (1808-),  French  literary  historian  and  poet,  au- 
thor of  an  important  history  of  French  literature  in  the  seven- 
teenth century 42        139 

Proudhon,  Pierre  Joseph   (1809-65),  a   French  social  economist,  grad- 
uated  from    a   printing  office,    and  author  of  economic  studies 
violently    attacking    all    existing    institutions    of    Church    and 
State 43        442 

Franck,  Adolphe  (1809-93),  a  Jewish  French  writer  on  philosophical 

and  Oriental  subjects 42        199 

De  Gu6rin  [brother  (1810-39)  ^°<1  sister  (1805-48)],  famous  for  the 
refined  thought  and  rare  imagination  shown  in  journals  and 
letters 17  676 1-70 

Musset  (1810-57),  who  ranks  with  Hugo  and  Lamartine  as  one  of 
the  greatest  French  poets  of  the  nineteenth  century,  is  the  sub- 
ject of  a  most  interesting  critical  sketch  of  his  career,  in  the 
Library,  with  eighteen  pages  of  examples,  two  examples  of 
prose  and  six  of  poetry 26   10487-510 

Charras,  Jean  Baptiste  Adolphe  (1810-65),  French  military  histor- 
ian of  experience  in  the  army,  author  of  valuable  works  on 
the  later  campaigns  of  Napoleon 42        104 

Montalembert,  Comte  de  (1810-70),  a  noted  French  statesman,  his- 
torian, and  orator;  a  champion  of  the  Catholic  and  clerical  in- 
terests in  France;  and  author  of  valuable  political,  biographi- 
cal, and  historical  works 43        388 


FRENCH  LITERATURE 


Ivii 


Gasparin,  Comte  de  (1810-71),  a  French  publicist  and  social  reformer; 
author  of  important  studies  of  America  in  the  Civil  War,  and 
of  modern  Christianity 42       209 

Colet,  Louise  Revoil  (1810-76),  a  notably  successful  French  poet  and 

novelist,  and  author  of  several  narratives  of  travel 42        115 

Martin,  Bon  Louis  Henri  (1810-83),  one  of  the  most  eminent  of 
French  historians;  author  of  a  work  covering  the  whole  history 
of  France,  and  of  other  historical  writings 43       370 

Gautier  (1811-72),  author  of  novels,  travels,  criticisms,  and  poems, 
always  elegant  in  style,  is  especially  great  in  the  collection  of 
his  poetical  gems  called  < Enamels  and  Cameos* 15  6221-36 

Clairville,  Louis  Frangois  (1811-79),  French  writer  of  light  comedy, 
author  of  more  than  220  comedies,  farces,  and  comic  opera 
libretti 42        no 

Sandeau  (181 1-83),  a  writer  of  novels  and  plays,  with  whom  George 
Sand  began  her  literary  life  in  Paris,  1831-33,  and  from  whom 
she  took  the  pen-name  by  which  she  is  known  in  literature .  3  2   12806-16 

Laboulaye  (181 1-83),  the  most  delightful  French  teller  of  fairy  tales, 
was  an  eminent  jurist  and  political  economist  also,  and  the  au- 
thor of  able  and  scholarly  books  in  various  fields  of  the  his- 
tory of  law 22  8747-59 

Duruy,  Victor  (1811-94),  one  of  the  greatest  modern  teachers  of  history 
and  historical  writers,  in  the  years  1850-70,  is  especially  known 
by  monumental  histories  of  the  Greek  and  Roman  peoples  ...12   5069-74 

D'Ennery,  Adolphe  (1811-),  author   of  a   great   number   of   dramas, 

comedies,  and  vaudevilles,  and  fairy  spectacles 42        139 

Esquires  (1812-76),  poet,  journalist,  novelist,  and  author  of  historical 
and  political  works,  spent  much  of  his  life  abroad  and  pub- 
lished valuable  studies  of  both  England  and  Holland 14  5556-68 

Gravifire,  Jean  P.  E.  J.  de  la  (1812-92),  a  French  admiral,  distin- 
guished by  service  in  Chinese  waters,  the  Black  Sea,  and  the 
Mediterranean,  and  as  commander  of  expedition  against  Mexico; 
author  of  numerous  naval  and  military  works,  which  place  him 
in  the  front  rank  of  military  historians 42        230 

Doucet,  Charles  Camille  (18 12-?),  a  French  dramatist;  author  of  many 
successful  comedies  and  lyric  pieces  for  the  stage,  and  govern- 
ment theatrical  official 42        150 

Hue,  ^variste  R6gis  (1813-60),  a  French  ecclesiastic  and  missionary 
in  China,  author  of  extensive  travels  and  historical  studies  of 
great  interest  and  value 42       277 

Carayon,  Augusta  (1813-74),  a  distinguished  French  Jesuit,  author  of 

studies  of  Jesuit  work  and  experience  in  Canada  and  Louisiana  .42         93 

Autran,  Joseph  (1813-77),  author  of  French  poems   noted  for  purity 

and  refinement 42         31 

Blanc  (1813-82),  an  art  critic  of  the  highest  distinction  in  the  years 
1836-72,  is  notable  for  works  in  which  he  created  a  scientific 
method  of  art  criticism.  Twelve  choice  examples  are  given  in 
the  Library 5  205 1-63 


Iviii  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Veuillot  (1813-83),  a  celebrated  Catholic  journalist,  is  chiefly  known 
as  a  most  original  and  powerful  writer  for  the  press  in  the 
years  1838-83 38   1 5330-40 

Egger,  £mile  (1813-85),  an  eminent  French  scholar;  author  of  valu- 
able works  on  Greek  criticism,  Aristotle,  and  Greek  litera- 
ture   42        165 

Ackermann,  Louise  V.  (1813-90),  French  author  of  poems  of  passion 

and  pessimism 42  3 

Jobez,  Alphonse  (1813-),  a  French  historian  and  writer  on  social 
science;  author  of  <  France  under  Louis  XV., >  and  of  interesting 
studies  in  socialism 42       290 

Blaze  de  Bury,  A.  H.  (1813-88),  literary  critic  and  historian,  a  master 

of  German  literature 42         63 

Achard,  Louis  Amed^e  (1814-75),  French  publicist  and  novelist;  con- 
tributor of  stories  to  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes  from  1848  to  1872, 
depicting  family  life  and  society 42  3 

Expilly,  Jean  C.  M.  (1814-86),  a  French  novelist  and  historian,  au- 
thor of  important  works  embodying  observations  in  South  Amer- 
ica   42        176 

Simon,  Jules  Francois  Suisse  (1814-96),  a  notable  French  statesman, 
philosophical  and  political  writer;  author  of  important  works  on 
questions  of  the  time,  and  of  valuable  studies  in  the  history  of 
Greek  philosophy 43        495 

Delord,  Taxile  (1815-77),  French  editor  of  important  journals,  autho;r 

of  important  historical  and  political  studies 42        1 38 

Gonzales,  Emmanuel  (1815-87),  a  French  novelist  of  Spanish  origin, 
founder  of  the  Revue  de  France,  and  writer  of  fiction  show- 
ing extraordinary  genius 42        224 

Sch6rer  (1815-89),  a  theologian  of  the  new  departure  school,  a  philos- 
opher of  most  liberal  tendencies,  and  an  eminent  critic,  became 
from  about  1850  the  leading  representative  of  liberal  Protest- 
antism in  France 32  1 2865-76 

Berthet,  Elie  (1815-91),  author  of  numerous  novels 42         57 

Leconte  de  Lisle  (1818-94),  a  poet  of  distinction  for  the  classic  per- 
fection of  his  verse,  and  successor  to  the  chair  of  Victor  Hugo 
in  the  French  Academy,  became  notable  in  1852 22     8952-56 

Houssaye,  Ars^ne   (181 5-),  a    French   novelist,  dramatist,  and   critic; 

author  of  art,  theatrical,  and  biographical  studies  of  high  rank.  42        275 

Villemarqu^  (1815-),  an  eminent  student  of  the  Celtic  legendary  and 
mythological  lore  of  Brittany  in  France,  brought  out  in  1893 
the  final  edition  of  a  collection  of  Breton  popular  songs  and 
ballads,  called  <  Barzaz-Breiz.  >  The  Library  gives  large  ex- 
amples   38   15377-91 

Calemard  de  la  Fayette,  Charles  (1815-),  a   French  poet,  critic,  and 

essayist ;  author  of  valuable  studies  in  Italian  literature 42         88 

Mac6  (1815-94),  a  delightful  writer  of  fairytales  and  stories  for  child- 
ren, has  conducted  for  many  years  in  Paris  the  Magazine  of 
Education  and  of  Recreation 24  9473-78 


FRENCH  LITERATURE  jjx 

Gobineau,  Joseph  Arthur,  Comte  de  (1816-82),  a  French  diplomatist, 
ethnologist,  and  romance-writer;  author  of  travels,  studies,  and 
historical  narratives  of  great  value  for  knowledge  of  the  Ori- 
ental world 42        221 

Larousse,  Pierre  (1817-75),  a  French  lexicographer,  compiler  of  valu- 
able educational  text-books,  and  of  a  most  exhaustive  and  valu- 
able <  Grand  Dictionnaire  Universel  > 43       327 

Desnoiresterres,  Gustave  (1817-92),  novelist  and  literary  historian; 
author  of  valuable  monographs  on  French  history,  literature, 
and  manners  —  notably  <  Voltaire  and  French  Society  in  the 
Eighteenth  Century  > 42        142 

Brisebarre,  Edouard  Louis  (1818-71),  a  brilliantly  successful  dramatist.  42  75 

Barni,  Jules  Romain  (1818-78),  French  scholar  and  philosophical  writer 

and  critic 42         43 

Roumanille,  Joseph  (i8i8-gi),  a  French  Provengal  poet,  noted  for  his 
improvisations,  and  one  of  the  most  popular  authors  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Felibres 4  3        47o 

Figuier,  Guillaume  Louis  (1819-94),  eminent  French  scientific  writer, 
author  of  a  valuable  series  of  works  devoted  to  the  populariza- 
tion of  science 42        188 

Vapereau,  Louis  Gustave  (1819-),  a  noted  French  scholar  and  com- 
piler; author  of  literary  and  biographical  dictionaries  of  great 
importance,  including  a  ^Universal  Dictionary  of  Literatures >.. 4 3        542 

Darimon,  Alfred  (1819-),  a  journalist  of  note,  author  of  popular  his- 
tories and  sketches 42        131 

Augier  (1820-89),  who  became  famous  with  his  first  play  in  1844, 
ranks  among  the  greatest  French  dramatists  of  this  century. 
Of  his  twenty-seven  plays  nine  are  in  verse.  Fifteen  pages  of 
examples  are  g^ven  in  the  Library 3  998-1014 

Craven,  Madame  (i820?-9i),  a  Catholic  writer  of  stories,  biographies, 
and  reminiscences;  became  widely  known  and  much  admired 
from  <The  Story  of  a  Sister  >  published  in  1866 10  4139-50 

Zeller,  Jules  Sylvain  (1820-),  a  French  historian  and  educator,  from 
1876  general  inspector  of  higher  education,  author  of  works  of 
special  importance  for  Roman  and  Italian  history 43       595 

Baudelaire  (1821-67),  one  of  the  most  striking  personalities  in  French 
literature,  brought  out  a  French  translation  of  Poe  in  1856, 
and  in  1857  published  his  <Fleurs  du  Mal>  (Flowers  of  Evil),  a 
volume  of  poems  upon  which  his  fame  is  founded 4  1617-32 

Bouilhet,  Louis  (1821-69),  author  of  dramas  and  comedies 42         69 

Dupont,  Pierre  (1821-70),  a   French   popular,  poet,  a  poet  of  peasant 

life,  and  of  socialism 42        157 

Flaubert  (1821-80),  whose  <  Madame  Bovary,  >  in  1856,  announced  a 
novelist  of  a  new  and  brilliant  type,  has  had  a  most  profound 
influence  upon  French  literature  through  his  almost  absolute  per- 
fection as  an  artist  in  letters.  He  is  celebrated  in  the  Library 
by  Paul  Bourget's  critical  story  of  his  genius  and  work,  and  by 
nineteen  pages  of  examples  from  two  of  his  great  novels....  14  5815-4 


Ix  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Amiel  (i 821-81),  a  poet-philosopher  of  rare  spiritual  genius,  became 
famous  after  his  death  in  1881  for  the  wealth  of  thought  shown 
in  his  published  <  Journal.  >  The  Library  has  twenty-six  exam- 
ples with  full  story  of  his  genius 2  479-492 

Mariette,  Augusta  £douard  (1821-81),  an  eminent  French  Egyptolo- 
gist, the  principal  promoter  of  the  Boulak  museum,  French 
school  of  Egyptology  and  Egyptian  Institute;  author  of  works 
of  gfreat  value  for  Egyptian  monumental  history 4  3        368 

« Champfleury »  (Fleury-Husson,  Jules)  (1821-89),  a  notably  success- 
ful novelist  and  miscellaneous  writer;  author  of  a  < History  of 
Caricature,  >  and  of  works  on  the  arts   of  design 42        102 

Feuillet  (1821-go),  a  popular  society  novelist  under  the  Second  Napo- 
leon, wrote  plays  also  and  was  Scribe's  successor  in  the  French 
Academy 14   5663-72 

Boisgobey,   F.-A.    du  (1821-91),    author   of   novels  of  the    Gaboriau 

type 42         65 

Cherville,  Gaspard  Georges  (1821-),  collaborator  with  the  elder 
Dumas  in  about  forty  volumes,  independently  the  author  of 
admirable  sketches  and  stories  of  the  chase  and  of  rural  life.  .42        106 

Murger  (1822-61),  whose  <  Bohemians  of  the  Latin  Quarter  >  made 
his  fame  in  1848,  originated  the  conception  of  genius  in  art 
and  letters  preferring  free  life  to  regular 26  10473-86 

Du  Camp  (1822-94),  who  began  literary  work  soon  after  the  revolu- 
tion of  1848,  soon  achieved  distinction  by  his  illustrated  travels, 
his  artistic  and  literary  criticism,  and  his  extensive  work  on 
contemporary  politics 12  495 1-56 

Goncourt,  Edmond  de  (1822-96);  Jules  de  (1830-70),  the  brothers  who 
worked  as  one  from  1850  to  the  death  of  the  younger  in  1870, 
are  chiefly  notable  for  novels  in  which  they  appear  as  the  ini- 
tiators of  modem  French  realism,  and  for  their  almost  un- 
rivaled style.  The  Library  has  the  full  story  of  their  work 
and  twelve  pages  of  examples 16  6549-64 

Aumale,  Due  d'  (1822-97),    French  biographical  and  military  writer. 42         30 

Erckmann-Chatrian,  £mile  (1822-);  Alexandre  (1826-90),  two  novel- 
ists who  worked  together  from  1845  to  the  death  of  the  younger 
in  1890,  produced  narrative  poetry,  rustic  and  sentimental 
novels,  pictures  of  country  life,  and  finally  historical  and  polit- 
ical novels  designed  to  idealize  peace  and  to  discredit  war.  .  .14  5538-48 

Barridre,    Theodore   (1823-77),  author   of  a  great  number  of  dramas 

and  comedies. 42         44 

De  Banville  (1823-91),  counted  among  the  first  of  the  writers  of  the 
school  of  Gautier,  first  won  attention  by  poems  in  1848,  and 
later  produced  dramas  and  essays  of  criticism 4   1474-80 

Renan  (1823-92),  one  of  the  most  notable  figfures  of  new  departure 
treatment  of  the  history  of  religion  and  of  the  religious  prob- 
lems of  the  time,  is  celebrated  in  the  Library  by  a  critical 
story  of  his  genius  and  work,  from  the  pen  of  Brunetiere,  and 
by  thirty-one  pages  of  examples 31   12149-94 


FRENCH  LITERATURE 


Ixi 


Boissier  (1823-),  an  active  college  professor,  a  writer  of  biographies 
and  historical  monographs,  and  a  contributor  to  reviews,  is 
best  known  by  his  <  Cicero  and  his  Friends  >  and  his  <Life  of 
Madame  de   S6vign6  > 5  21 52-62 

Cadoudal,  Louis  Georges  de  (1823-?),  a  French  journalist,  critic,  and 
essayist;  author  of  a  study  of  the  religious  life  in  the  sixteenth 
and  seventeenth  centuries 42         87 

Janet,  Paul  (1823-),  a  French  educational  and  philosophical  writer, 

author  of  interesting  studies  of  society  and  of  thought 42        287 

Dumas  (Junior)  (1824-95),  whose  period  of  production  was  that  of  the 
years  1847-87,  and  who  wrote  both  novels  and  dramas,  is  cele- 
brated in  the  Library  by  a  critical  story  of  his  successes,  writ- 
ten by  M.  Sarcey,  the  great  dramatic  critic  of  Paris,  and  by 
thirty-one  pages  of  examples 12   5001-40 

Mont6pin,  Xavier  Aymon  de  (1824-),  a  French  novelist  and  dramatist; 
author  of  plays  abounding  in  sensational  incidents  and  situations, 
and  of  nearly  one  hundred  novels  which  have  been  translated 
into  many  languages 43       389 

Ollivier,  £mile  (1825-),  a  French  statesman  and  political  writer,  author 

of  important  political  and  historical  studies 43       408 

Oppert,  Julius  (1825-),  a  celebrated  French  Orientalist  and  Assyriolo- 
gist,  an  expert  in  the  decipherment  of  cuneiform  inscriptions, 
author  of  historical  and  philological  studies  of  extreme  Oriental 
interest 43       409 

Bornier,  Henri  (1825-),  novelist  and_  dramatist,  notable  for  splendor  of 

style 42  68 

Barbier,  Jules  (1825-),  author  of  dramas,  vaudevilles,  and  librettos  of 

comic  operas 42         41 

Godefroy,  Fr6d6ric  (1826-),  a  French  historian  of  literature  and  lexico- 
grapher, author  of  histories  and  dictionaries  of  the  greatest  value 
for  study  of  French  language  and  literature 42       222 

Albert,  Paul  (1827-80),  French  literary  historian,  professor  at  the  Col- 
lege of  France 42  9 

AssoUant,  Alfred  (1827-86),  French   author  of  travels  and  historical 

novels 42         28 

Arbois  de  Jubainville,  Henri  d'  (1827-),  distinguished  French  archaeolo- 
gist, an  eminent  authority  on  Gallic  antiquity  and  the  Celtic 
languages 42         22 

Lanfrey,  Pierre  (1828-77),  a  French  historian,  author  of  works  of  pro- 
found research  and  critical  discernment  of  which  his  <  History 
of  Napoleon  ^  is  the  most  important 43       325 

Taine  (1828-93),  who  is  especially  known  by  his  < History  of  English 
Literature  >  and  his  <  Origins  of  Contemporary  France,  >  is  dealt 
with  in  the  Library  by  Brunetiere,  one  of  the  great  French 
critics,  in  an  elaborate  review  of  his  work,  and  by  eight  large 
examples  filling  forty-four  pages 36  14399-452 

Sarcey  (1828-),  the  most  distinguished  of  French  dramatic  critics  for 
the  last  thirty  years,  a  brilliant  lecturer,  and  a  voluminous  writer, 


Ixii  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

tells  his  own  story  in  the  Library  in  the  nine  pages  on  <  How  a 
Lecture  is  Prepared  >  which  is  given  as  one  of  the  examples  of 
his  work 32   12825-36 

Le^asseur,  Pierre  £mile  (1828-),  a  French  political  economist;  author 

of  studies  of  labor,  of  money,  and  of  population 43        339 

Aubanel,  Theodore  (1829-86),  Provengal  dramatist  and  writer 42  28 

Belot,  Adolphe  (1829-90),  novelist,  traveler,  and  dramatist 42  53 

Biart,  Lucien  (1829-),  poet,  novelist,  and  author  of  travels  in  Mexico 

and  South  America 42         58 

Cherbuliez  (1829-),  who  made  his  first  success  by  a  novel  in  1863, 
has  continued  ever  since  to  produce  novels  rich  in  interest  to 
readers,  and  to  contribute  political  and  other  reviews  to  the 
Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,  which  published  his  first  novel  ....   9  3609-24 

Audouard,  Olympe  (1830-90),  author  of  novels  and  books  of  travel,  and 

writings  on  spiritism  and  woman's  rights 42         29 

Fabre,  Ferdinand  (1830-),  a   French  novelist,  author  of  some  of  the 

most  noteworthy  recent  studies  of  French  life  and  character.  .  .42        177 

Reclus,  Jean  Jacques  £lis6e  (1830-),  a  French  geographer  and  scien- 
tist; author  of  travels  in  England,  Ireland,  and  both  Americas, 
of  works  on  the  Earth,  and  the  Atmosphere,  and  of  a  most 
elaborate  <  Universal  Geography  > 43        453 

Buloz,  Francois  (1803-77),  founder  (1831)  and  editor  40  years  of  the 

Revue  des  Deux  Mondes 42         82 

Cadol,  Victor  Edouard  (1831-),  French  writer  of  theatrical  criticism, 

comedies  brilliantly  successful,  and  novels 42  87 

Droz  (1832-95),  author  of  novels  and  of  immensely  successful  short 
sketches,  characterized  by  delicate  humor  and  pathos,  was  at  one 
time  the  most  popular  writer  of  light  literature  in   France  ...12  4885-96 

Parrot,  Georges  (1832-),  a  celebrated  French  archasologist,  and  his- 
torian of  art,  of  world-wide  reputation  as  the  art  editor  of  a  very 
elaborate  and  richly  illustrated  ^History  of  Art  in  Antiquity  >  43       424 

Joliet,  Charles  (1832-),  a  French  journalist,  periodical  writer,  and  essay- 
ist; author  of  a  great  variety  of  volumes  marked  by  felicity  of 
style  and   versatility 42        291 

Arnould,  Arthur  (1833-95),  French  author  of  essays  and  dramas;  founder 
of  La  Marseillaise  and  Journal  du  Peuple;  author  of  a  history 
of  the  Commune,  and  of  a  large  number  of   novels 42         26 

Theuriet  (1833-),  a  writer  of  poems  and  stories,  and  a  contributor  to 
leading  Paris  journals  and  reviews,  won  his  first  success  by  <In 
Memoriam,  >  a  romance  in  verse,  in  1857,  and  has  since  written 
a  large  number  of  novels  and  short  stories,  which  are  notable 
for  their  pictures  of  the  common-folk  life  of  France 37  14795-802 

Campardon,  £mile  (1834-),  French  historian  and   biographer,  author 

of  exhaustive  studies  in  French  history 42         90 

Imbert  de  Saint-Amand,  Arthur  (1834-),  a  French  diplomat,  author 
of  Napoleonic  biographical  studies,  and  of  a  very  notable  study 
of  the  lives  of  the  women  of  the  French  courts  under  the  last 
three  Louises 42       283 


FRENCH  LITERATURE 


Ixiii 


Pailleron  (1834-),  who  began  in  literature  about  1861,  and  achieved 
his  first  success  in  a  satiric  comedy  in  1868,  has  become  the  brill- 
iant leader  of  the  school  of  playwrights  which  provides  the  stage 
with  portrayals  of  the  manners  and  morals  of  the  time 28  10961-74 

Halivy  (1834-),  chiefly  known  to  American  readers  as  the  author  of 
<The  Abb6  Constantin,>  began  as  a  writer  of  librettos  and 
dramas,  working  with  Meilhac,  and  turned  to  fiction  in  1881. 
The  Library  g^ves  <  The  Most  Beautiful  Woman  in  Paris  >.  . .  17  6831-47 

Gaboriau  (1835-73),  one  of  the  most  successful  of   French  novelists, 

is  notable  for  making  the  most  of  the  detective  novel 15  6137-52 

Quesnay  (1838-),  a  magistrate  and  lawyer  of  distinction,  has  made  a 
great  mark  in  fiction  as  the  writer  of  stories  depicting  peasant 
life  and  rural  scenes  in  certain  parts  of  France 30  11925-46 

Blum,  Ernest  (1836-?),  notably  successful  dramatist 42         64 

Becque,  H.  F.  (1837-?),  French  dramatist,  pioneer  of  realism  on  the 

Parisian  stage  42         50 

Lenormant,  Francois  (1837-83),  a  French  historian  and  archaeologist, 
one  of  the  foremost  of  French  Assyriologists,  author  of  numer- 
ous Assyrian  and  Babylonian  researches 43       336 

De  Rosny,  Leon  (1837-),  celebrated  French  Orientalist;  author  of 
numerous  works  on  Asiatic,  and  especially  Japanese  and  Chin- 
ese, topics 42       140 

Daudet,  Ernest  (1837-),  author  of  novels  and  historical  sketches,  and 

of  *■  My  Brother  and  Myself  > 42        133 

Picot,  Georges  (1838-),  a  French  historian;  author  of  a  series  of 
works  of  profound  research  in  French  history,  of  which  one  in 
its  first  and  second  editions  twice  won  the  Gobert  prize  of  the 
Academy 43       429 

Dierx,  L6on  (1838-),  author  of   volumes   of  verse   which   g^ve   him 

chief  rank  in  the  «  Parnassian  »  school 42        144 

Canivet,  Charles  Alfred  (1839-),  a  French  journalist,  novelist,  and 
poet,  noted  for  word-pictures  of  Normandy  life,  and  for  his 
history  of  the  loss  by  France  of  India  and  Canada 42         92 

Frechette,  Louis  Honor6  (1839-),  a  French  Canadian,  who  tried  his 
fortune  in  Chicago,  but  has  looked  to  Paris  for  literary  rela- 
tions; has  contributed  to  French  literature  volumes  of  remark- 
able poetry,  of  which  <La  Legende  d'un  Peuple>  best  shows 
his  genius 15  5964-70 

SuUy-Prudhomme  (1839-),  a  poet  of  the  deepest  feeling  and  the  most, 
careful  thinking,  emotional  and  scholarly,  has  especially  at- 
tempted to  represent  in  two  great  poems,  <  Justice  >  and  <  Happi- 
ness,* the  answer  of  poetry  and  the  answer  also  of  thought  to 
the  deepest  problems  of  life.  The  Library  gives  ten  fine  ex- 
amples of  his  noble  verse 36  14209-20 

Claretie,  Jules  (1840-),  a  French  novelist  and  dramatist;  became  ad- 
ministrator of  the  Comedie  Francaise  in  1885;  author  of  a  long 
series  of  very  successful  novels,  of  dramatic  pieces  relating  to  the 
Revolution,  and  of  important  chapters  of  contemporary  history.  .42        no 


Ixiv  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Canis,  Jean  (1840-),  scholarly  author  of  a  history  of  the  French  Re- 
public from  1870  to  1883,  and  of  an  account  of  the  massacres  in 
Ireland 42         92 

Bentzon,   Th6rdse    (Marie   T.    Blanc)    (1840-),    French  novelist  and 

literary  essayist 42         55 

Desjardins  (18 ),  a  college  professor  in   Paris,  and  on  the  editorial 

sta£f  of  the  Journal  des  Debats,  especially  represents  an  at- 
tempt to  recover  for  France  the  moral  and  spiritual  life  of 
which  Christ  was  the  example  and  teacher,  but  separate  from 
all  churches  and  creeds 11  4596-608 

Zola  (1840-),  the  novelist  of  immense  notoriety  and  most  remarkable 
fertility  and  power,  who  still  holds  the  front  of  the  stage  of 
French  literature,  is  presented  in  the  Library  by  nine  pages  of 
critical  story  and  study,  and  thirty-three  pages  of  examples,  one 
of  four  pages,  and  one  of  twenty-nine  pages 39  16283-324 

Petit  de  Julleville,  Louis  (1841-),  a  French  historian  of  literature; 
professor  in  the  Sorbonne;  author  of  a  g^eat  work  on  the  his- 
tory of  the  theatre  in  France,  and  of  a  history,  not  yet  finished, 
of  the  French  language  and  literature 43       426 

Flammarion,  Camille  (1842-),  eminent  French  astronomical  writer,  au- 
thor of  important  popular  science  works  42        191 

Leroy-Beaulieu,  Anatole  (1842-),  a  French  historical  writer;  professor 
of  modern  history;  author  of  great  work  on  <The  Empire  of  the 
Tsars  and  the  Russians,  >  and  of  other  contributions  to  political 
history  and  discussion 43       338 

Gr6ville,  Henry  (Madame  Alice  Durand)  (1842-),  a  French  novelist, 
educated  in  Russia;  author  of  series  of  very  popular  novels 
based  upon  her  Russian  experiences,  and  of  other  stories  notably 
romantic ' 42        233 

Fabre,  Amant  Joseph  (1842-),  a  widely  influential  French  historical 

and  philosophical  writer,  dramatist,  and  publicist 42        177 

Rambaud  (1842-),  one  of  the  most  eminent  educators  of  France,  is 
especially  notable  for  historical  works  of  great  value,  such  as 
the  < History  of  Russia,*  < History  of  Civilization  in  France, >  and 
<  History  of  the  French  Revolution  > 30  12041-60 

H6r6dia  (1842-),  a  writer  of  sonnets,  was  admitted  to  the  French 
Academy  in  1894  on  the  sole  ground  of  the  exceptional  perfec- 
tion of  his  work 18  7277-84 

Copp6e  (1842-),  a  foremost  poet  of  France  in  his  influence,  began  with 
a  volume  of  poems  in  1866,  and  has  written  not  only  more 
poems,  on  which  his  fame  is  based,  but  novels  and  plays  also. 
The  Library  gives  sixteen  pages  of  choice  examples 10  4045-64 

Ardne,  Paul  Auguste  (1843-96),  French  author  of  stories,  comedies, 

and  pictures  of  travel 42  23 

Mend^s  (1843-),  who  began  writing  for  the  reviews  in  i860,  is  especially 
famous  for  his  short  stories  and  sketches  executed  with  the 
nicety  and  finish  of  cameos.  The  Library  has  five  examples  in 
thirteen  pages 25  9900-14 


FRENCH   LITERA,TURE  Jxv 

Leger,  Paul  Louis  (1843-),  a  French  scholar  in  the  Slav  languages, 
professor  at  the  College  de  France,  and  author  of  works  of  im- 
portance for  the  history  and  philology  of  the  Slav  peoples 4  3       333 

Leroy-Beaulieu,  Pierre  Paul  (1843-),  a  French  economist,  an  opponent 
of  socialism,  author  of  important  economic  works,  and  editor  of 

<  L'Economiste   Frangais  > 4  3       338 

Haussonville,   Comte   d'    (1843-),  notable    French   author  of  literary 

monographs,  and  travels 42        253 

Verlaine  (1844-96),  whose  life  makes  a  strange  story  of  genius  and 
degradation,  was  recognized  after  his  death  as  one  of  the  great- 
est poets  of  France  in  the    nineteenth   century 38   15313-22 

Barracand,  Leon  Henri  (1844-),  a  novelist  of  distinction,  and  poet.  .  .  42         44 
Monod,  Gabriel  Jacques  Jean  (1844-),  a  distinguished  French  histor- 
ian, lecturer  at  the    Normal  School,  Paris,  author   of  historical 
text-books,  and  of  notable  works  of  research  in   mediseval  his- 
tory  43       387 

France  (1844-),  whose  first  work  of  note  was  done  in  1868,  has 
written  a  dozen  novels,  several  volumes  of  essays  and  studies, 
and  numberless   contributions  to  journals   and   reviews,  and  is 

in  all  an  exceedingly  fine  example  of  style  and  wit. 15  5909-18 

Bergerat,  A.   ]£.  (1845-),  French  journalist,  playwright,  and  novelist. 42  55 

D6roul^de  (1848-),  whose  best  verses  are  distinguished  for  their  in- 
spiration and  genuine  enthusiasm,  is  a  poet  made  by  the 
Franco-Prussian    war,    in    which    he    caught   the    notes    of    his 

<  Songs    of    the    Soldier,  >    one    hundred    and    fifty    editions    of 

which  had  been  sold  in  1895 11  4580-84 

Maspero,  Gaston  (1846-),  a  French  Egyptologist  of  great  distinction, 
professor  at  the  College  of  France  in  Paris,  creator  of  a  school 
of  Egyptian  archaeology  at  Cairo,  and  author  of  valuable 
works  on  Egypt,  Babylonia,  and  the  intervening  lands 43        372 

Faguet,  £mile  (1847-),  a  French  periodical  writer  and  literary  his- 
torian, author  of  able  and  learned  studies  of  French  literature 
in  the  sixteenth  and   seventeenth  centuries 42        178 

Houssaye,  Henri  (1848-),  a  French  historian  and  critic  who  has 
given  special  attention  to  the  study  of  Greek  antiquity,  author 
of  important  studies  in  Greek  history 42       275 

Bisson,    Alexandre     (1848-),    dramatist,    composer  of    comedies   and 

operettas,  and  writer  on  music 42         61 

Peyrebrune,  Georges  de  (1848-),  a  French  novelist,  one  of  the  most  • 

popular  women  novelists  in  France 43       426 

Aicard,  Jean  (1848-),  a  French  Provengal  poet,  ranked  with  Mistral, 

and  author  of  a  novel  of  Provence  and  a  drama 42  7 

VogUe  (1 848-),  a  writer  on   questions  of  prog^ress   in   France,    repre-  •     ; 

sents  a  movement  of  new  ethical  aspiration  and  religious 
inspiration,  suggested  by  what  the  war  of  1870  revealed  of 
German  earnestness 38   1 5439-48 

Delpit,  Albert   (1849-93),  of  New  Orleans   birth,  journalist  assistant 

to  Dumas,  author  of  poems  and  dramas  notably  successful 42        138 

5 


Ixvi  FRENCH  LITERATURE 

Darmesteter  (1849-94),  a  French  Jew,  of  high  distinction  as  a 
scholar,  made  a  gfreat  name  by  his  work  in  exposition  of  Zoro- 
astrianism,  the  Bible  of  which,  the  Avesta,  he  translated ....  .1 1  4379-84 

Brunetidre  (1849-),  a  celebrated  French  literary  critic,  began  with 
brilliant  work  in  the  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes  in  1875,  and 
during  more  than  twenty  years  his  articles  and  books  have 
taken  the  first  place  as  sources  of  knowledge  of  the  history 
of  French  literature 6  2603-12 

Maupassant  (1850-93),  who  began  with  a  volume  of  poems  in  1880 
and  a  story  in  1881,  and  continued  to  write  novels  until  stricken 
with  insanity  in  1893,  ranks  as  an  extreme  realist  of  the 
type  of  Flaubert.  The  Library  has  nineteen  pages  of  examples 
of  his  work 25  9803-27 

Loti  (1850-),  a  novelist  and  poet,  whose  first  book  appeared  in  1876, 
has  had  special  success  from  the  use  that  he  has  made  of 
pictures  of  life  in  the  Far  East,  where  he  had  traveled  exten- 
sively     .   23  9203-15 

Bonnieres,  Robert  de  (1850-),  author  of  novels  and  memoirs  portray- 
ing living  characters 42         67 

Grand-Carteret,  John  (1850-),  French  journalist  and  critic,  notable 
for  his  acute  and  accurate  treatment  of  German  themes,  and 
author  of  important  studies  of  life  and  manners  in  Europe.  .  .  .42       229 

Bourget  (1852-),  who  began  literary  life  with  journalism  in  1872,  and 
wrote  verses  with  only  slight  success,  first  commanded  public 
interest  very  widely  by  studies  of  noted  authors,  and  then  un- 
dertook a  number  of  novels,  in  which  he  is  at  his  best 5  2252-62 

Lemaitre  (1853-),  a  leading  French  critic,  who  got  at  work  as  a  re- 
viewer about  1885,  has  attained  distinction  as  an  author  of 
critical  essays,  dramatic  reviews,  poems,  stories,  novels,  and 
plays.  The  Library  gives  eleven  pages  of  his  essay  on  the 
literature  of  the  northern  nations  of    Europe 22  8963-76. 

Duruy,  Georges  (1853-),  a  French  historical  writer.  Polytechnic 
School  professor,  author  of  popular  novels,  and  of  excellent  his- 
torical  works 42        158 

Jusserand,  Jean  Jules  (1855-),  a  French  historian  of  literature,  not- 
ably devoted  to  the  literature  of  England  in  the  Middle  Ages 
and  the  great  Shakespeare  period ' 42       294 

Cladel,  L^on  (1855-92),    a  French  romancist,  notably  successful  in  his 

satirical  description  of  the  lower  walks  of  literature  in  Paris.  .42        no 

Decourcelle,  Pierre  (1856-),  author  of  comedies,  dramas,  comic  opera 
libretti,  dramatizations  of  noted  novels,  and  sensational  tales, 
all  extremely  successful 42        136 

Rod  (1857-),  who  was  first  a  professor  of  literature   at   Geneva,  has 

written  a  series  of  novels  markedly  realistic  and  pessimistic .  3 1  12335-44 

Barres,  Maurice  (i 862-),  French  publicist  and  novelist  of  the  « de- 
cadent »  school 42         44 


RUSSIAN  LITERATURE^  Ixvii 

The  Proven9al  Literature,  embodying  the  poetry  of  the 
Troubadours  during  the  two  hundred  years  from  A.  D.  1090  to 
1290,  receives  fine  treatment  in  the  Library  (Vol.  xxx,  11 87 1-90), 
with  examples  of  the  work  of  eleven  different  troubadours. 

« Pierre  of  Provence  and  the  Beautiful  Maguelonne,'^  a  love  story 
of  Provengal  literature,  printed  in  the  year  1770  at  Avignon, 
but  dating  somewhere  in  the  Middle  Ages,  is  told  in  outline 
in  the  Library 29  1 1428-36 

Jasmin  (i  798-1 864),  called  «the  barber-poet  of  Gascony,»  and  ac- 
counted the  father  of  modern  Provengal  song,  brought  out  his 
< Curl-Papers >  in  1825,  his  < Souvenirs*  in  1830,  and  five  other 
works  in  1835-60,  when  a  complete  popular  edition  appeared 
in  Paris,  with  a  French  version  of  the  Gascon  original 20  8187-207 

Mistral  (1830-),  a  great  Provengal  poet  of  our  own  time,  has  brought 
out  four  long  poems  in  the  Provengal  dialect,  a  volume  of 
minor  poems,  and  two  volumes  of  a  Provengal  (ancient  and 
modern )  lexicon 25  10097-109 


CHRONOLOGICAL   CONSPECTUS 

Russian  Literature  had  a  century  of  remarkable  growth  be- 
fore it  entered  upon  the  period  of  great  demonstration  with 
which  readers  to-day  are  most  familiar.  The  following  names 
fall  into  the  century  before  Pushkin:  — 

Kantemir,  Antiochus  Dmitrievitch  (  1709-44).  a  notable  Russian 
author  of  satires,  the  iirst  fruits  of  modern  Russian  literature, 
and  valuable  as  describing  Russian  life  and  manners,  —  their 
author  recognized  as  the  father  of  secular  writing  in  Russia.  ..43        297 

Lomonossov,  Michail  Vasily6vich  (171 1-65),  a  Russian  man  of  science, 
and  poet,  professor  of  chemistry,  author  of  a  number  of  scien- 
tific works,  the  first  to  write  polished  lyric  verse  in  Russian, 
author  of  songs,  didactic  poems,  and  poetical  epistles,  author 
also  of  a  Russian  grammar,  and  the  recognized  « father  of  Rus- 
sian grammar  and  literature  » 43       34S 

Cheraskoff,  Michail  M.  (1733-1807),  Russian  author  of  epics,  dramas, 
romances,  fables,  and  songs,  notable  for  description  of  natural 
scenery 42        106 

Derzhdvin,  G.  R.  (1743-1816),  Russian  poet  of  note  under  Catharine 
^  II.,  his   originality,    splendid  imagery,  and  mastery  of  exjjres- 

sion  giving  him  high    rank 42        140 

Bogdan6vich,  I.  F.  (1744-1803),  Russian  poet,   author  of  dramas  and 

comedies 42         65 


Ixviii  ^RUSSIAN  LITERATURE 

Chemnitzer,    Ivan    Ivanovich    (1745-84),    Russian  author   of   <  Fables 

and  Tales  *  

Fonvizin,   Denis   Ivanovich    (1745-92),   a   Russian  dramatist,  satirist, 

and  writer  of   epistlfes,  famous,  from   the   merit   of  two  of   his 

42  194 
comedies,  as  the   Russian   Moliere 

Kapnist,  Vasili  V.  (1757-1824),  a  celebrated  Russian  poet  and  drama- 
tist, specially  notable  for  his  <  Chicanery  >  (1798),  a  comedy  in 
verse  bitterly  satirical  on  justice  in  Russia,  author  also  of  many 
exquisite  lyrics 

Chwostoff,  Count  (1757-1835),  a  Russian  statesman  of  distinction, 
author  of  four  volumes  of  odes  and  miscellaneous   poems 

Dmitriyev,  Ivdn  Ivdnovich  (1760-1837),  a  Russian  high  official, 
author  of  poems  on  French  models,  of  popular  songs,  and  of  a 
strikingly  original  poem  on  <  Jermak,  Conqueror  of  Siberia  * . . . 

KrOdener,  Barbara  Juliane  von  (1764-1824),  a  Russian  novelist  and 
religious  enthusiast,  author  of  a  famous  romance  based  on  her 
own  marriage  experience,  and  notable  as  the  promoter  of  a 
scheme  for  reviving   primitive   Christianity 

Krylov,   Ivan   Andreevitch    (i  768-1844),    a   Russian  writer  of  fables, 

perhaps  the  most  popular  author  in  Russia 43        316 

Kotliarevsky,  Ivan  Petrovitch  (1769-1838),  a  Russian  poet,  of  note  as 

the  founder  of  Little  Russian  Literature 43       313 

Glinka,  Sergius  N.  (1771-1847),  Russian  poet,  author  of  plays  in 
verse,  and  writer  of  excellent  books  for  the  young 

Glinka,  Gregory  A.  (1774-1818),  a  Russian  historian,  dramatist,  poet, 
and  educator,  author  of  interesting  Slav  studies 

Mersliakov,  Alexis  Theodorovich  (1778-1830),  a  noted  Russian  poet, 
university  professor  at  Moscow,  author  of  poems  which  were  set 
to  music  and  became  popular  songs,  an  ardent  classicist,  and 
author  of  literary  classical  studies 

Kvitka,   Grigorii   Fedorovitch  (1778-1843),  a  Russian  novelist,  one  of 

the  chief  writers  in  Little  Russian,  and    especially  popular   for 

43  317 
his  pictures  idealizing  the  familiar  national   life. 

Zhukovski  (1783-1852),  an  eminent  Russian  journalist,  preceptor  of 
Alexander  II.,  author  of  ballads,  prose  essays  and  tales,  and 
of  numerous  specially  fine  translations  from  the  German  and 
English : «       596 

Gnedich,  Nicolai  Ivanovich  (1784-1833),  Russian  poet,  the  most  ac- 
complished Russian  scholar  of  his  day,  author  of  a  translation 
of  the  Iliad  into  Russian  (1829),  and  of  other  translations,  from 
Shakespeare,  Voltaire,  and  modern  Greek ^ 

Davydoff,  Denis  (i  784-1 839),  Russian  poet  and  military  prose  writer, 
notable  for  popular  ballads  of  soldier  life * 

Chmelnizkij,  NikolAj  Ivanovich  (1789-1846),  Russian  author  of  come- 
dies add    historical  drama  and    dramatic    translations,  greatly  v 
contributing  to  the  elevation  of  the  Russian  stage 

Zogoskin,  Mikhail  (1789-1852),  Russian  novelist  and  dramatist,  known 

from  his  historical  novels  as  the  Russian  Walter  Scott ^ 


135 


RUSSIAN   LITERATURE  Ixix 

Aksdkof,  Sergey  (1791-1859),  author  of  works  remarkable  for  mas- 
terly description  of  Russian  family  life 4  2  8 

Baer,  Karl  Ernst  von  (1792-1876),  eminent  Russian  naturalist,  embry- 

ologist,  professor  of  zoology,  and  librarian 42         35 

Gribojedov,  Alexander  Sergeievich  (1793-1829),  a  Russian  statesman 
and  dramatic  poet,  mainly  notable  for  a  drama  in  verse  deline- 
ating Russian  society  with  bitter  fidelity 42       233 

BesttJsheff,  A.  A.  (1797-1837),  soldier  and  novelist  of  distinction 4*         58 

Delwig,  Anton  (1798-1831),  lyric  poet,  very  popular  with  his  ballads, 

a  leader  of  the  Pushkin  school  at  St.  Petersburg 42       138 

Russian  genius  in  letters  reached  a  climax  of  demonstra- 
tion in  the  great  dramatist  and  poet  Pushkin  (1799- 
1837).  He  first  chose  Russian  before  French  as  the 
language  of  culture  in  Russia,  and  his  two  master- 
pieces, ^  Evgenie  Onyegin,^  a  poem,  and  ^  Boris  Godu- 
noff,'  a  drama,  are  as  thoroughly  Russian  as  anything 
of  Shakespeare  is  English.  In  the  progress  of  litera- 
ture from  Pushkin  to  the  present  time,  Russia  makes 
this  record 30  1 1904-24 

Baratynsky,  Jevgen  (1800-44),  Russian  author  of  poems  delineating 

Finland  character  and  nature  and  Russian  high  life 42         41 

Dahl,  Vladimir  (1801-72),  story-writer  and  lexicographer,  author  of  a 
dictionary  of  proverbs  and  an  <  Expository  Dictionary  of  High 
Russian  Speech > 42        129 

Chomjakoff,  Alex6j  Stepdnovich  (1804-60),  a  Russian  poet,  dramatist, 

and  essayist,  especially  representing  Russian  conservatism  ...  .42        107 

Bogdan6vich,  M.  I.  (1805-82),  a  very  able  Russian  military  historian. 4 2         65 

Benedictoff,  V.  G.  (1810-73),  author  of  exceptionally  fine  lyrics 42         53 

Koltsov,  Aleksei  V.  (1809-42),  a  Russian  lyric  poet,  «the   Burns   of 

Russia,^  author  of  poems  of  peasant  life  inimitably  original  ...43       311 

Gogol  (1809-52),  has  a  large  place  in  the  Library  as  « the  father  of 
modern  Russian  realism »  in  novels  of  the  highest  class  and  in 
most  delightful  tales  and  comedies.  His  <Dead  Souls,*  a  singu- 
larly powerful  showing  up  of  Russian  life  and  manners,  is  his 
greatest  work.  <The  Inspector,  >  his  great  play,  and  one  of  his 
best  stories,  furnish  fine  examples  in  the  Library 16  6455-74 

Belinsky,  V.  G.  (1811-48),  Russian  literary  critic 42         52 

Gonchar6f  (1812-91),  author  of  the  great  romance  <Obl(5mof,>  and  of 
other  powerful  novels,  appears  in  the  Library  by  the  story  of 
his  literary  career  and  by  an  example  of  thirteen  pages  from 
his  masterpiece,  <Obl6mof,>  in  which  types  of  Russian  character 
are   wonderfully  portrayed 1 6  6533-48 

Lermontov,  Michail  Yuryevitch  (1814-41),  a  celebrated  Russian  poet,  an 
officer  in  the  Imperial  service,  author  of  lyrics  and  epics  and 
of  a  fine  novel 43       337 


Ixx  RUSSIAN   LITERATURE 

Shevchenko,  Taras  G.  (1814-61),  a  Russian  poet,  author  of  popular 
lyrics  in  the  little  Russian  dialect,  and  of  epics  of  which  ^  Haida- 
maki  >  is  one  of  the  greatest  in  Russian  literature 43        493 

^oUogub,  V.  A.  (1815-82),  a  Russian  popular  novelist,  dramatist,  poet, 

and  essayist 4  3        598 

Aksdkof,  Konstantin  (1817-60),  Russian  author  of  lyrics,  dramas,  and 

essays,  from  1846  leader  of  the  Slavophile  party 42  8 

Kostomarov,  Nikolai  Ivanovich  (1817-85),  a  Russian  historian,  novel- 
ist, and  poet,  an  ardent  promoter  of  Little  Russian  as  a  sepa- 
rate tongue,  and  author  of  numerous  literary  and  historical 
works  characterized  by  a  brilliant  poetical  style 43       318 

Turgeneff  (1818-83),  of  whom  Henry  James  writes  in  the  Library, 
and  who  is  represented  by  examples  filling '  sixty -eight  pages, 
ranks  among  the  greatest  novelists  of  literature  in  his  sense  of 
character  and  his  power  of  vivid  portrayal.  His  first  work  in 
1852  had  the  effect  of  a  Russian  <  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.  >  His 
greatest  works  are  <A  House  of  Gentlefolk, >  <On  the  Eve,> 
<  Smoke,*  <Rudin,>  <  Fathers  and  Children, >  <  Spring  Floods, >  and 
< Virgin  Soil.'      Of  lesser  works  the  list  is  a  long  one 37  15057-130 

Achshari^mov,  Nikol6i  (1819-),  Russian  author  of  successful  novels,  and 

a  critic  of  note 42  3 

Avdyeyev,  M.  V.  (1821-76),  Russian  author  of  extremely  sensational 

social  novels 42         31 

Dosto6vsky  (i  821-81),  the  most  characteristically  national  of  Russian 
writers,  made  an  immense  success  with  his  <Poor  People, >  as  if 
another  Gogol  had  appeared,  and,  after  suifering  ten  years'  pun- 
ishment for  a  trifling  act  of  sympathy  with  freedom,  he  put  his 
experience  into  <  Crime  and  Punishment.  >  These  great  books 
furnish  the  examples  in  the  Library 12  4779-805 

Nekrassov,  Nikolai  A.  (1821-88),  a  Russian  poet  of  great  celebrity,  a 
contributor  to  periodical  literature,  and  one  of  the  most  import- 
ant figures  in  Russian  literature 43       402 

Maikov,  Apollon  Nikolaevich  (1821-),  a  distinguished  Russian  poet, 
a  writer  of  idealistic  tone  and  great  finish,  author  of  patriotic 
poems  during  the  Crimean  War,  and  commonly  esteemed  the 
first  of  living  Russian  poets 43       363 

Grigorfivich,  Dimitrij  V.  (1822-),  a  Russian  civil  engineer,  author 
of  realistic  stories  of  village  life  which  rank  him  among  the 
first  of  Russian  novelists 42       234 

Ostrovsky,  Alexander  N.  (1823-86),  a  Russian  dramatist,  author  of 
comedies  which  established  his  reputation,  and  of  a  succession 
of  works,  among  them  a  remarkable  translation  of  Shakes- 
peare's <The  Taming  of  the  Shrew* 43       410 

«Stchedrin»  (Saltykov,  Mikhail  E.)  (1826-89),  a  Russian  satirical 
writer,  author  of  works  translated  into  English,  French,  and 
German,  and  classed  among  the  best  satirical  writers  of  his 
country 43       504 


RUSSIAN  LITERATURE  Ixxi 

Tolstoy  (1828-),  the  critical  story  of  whose  character  and  career  is 
finely  told  by  Mr.  Howells,  and  the  examples  from  whom  make 
a  book  of  forty-five  pages,  rises  in  some  of  his  works  to  the 
highest  level  of  literature.  He  is  especially  the  humanist  of 
Russian  literature,  and  his  power  to  suggest  a  reading  of  the 
riddles  of  life  is  hardly  less  than  that  of  Shakespeare.  Among 
the  greatest  triumphs  of  Tolstoy's  art  are  his  <Anna  Karenina,> 
and  his  <War  and  Peace,*  of  which  the  Library  <  Synopses  of 
Noted  Books  >  (pp.  i  and  457)  gives  an  account.  The  ex- 
amples of  Tolstoy's  work  in  the  Library  are  twenty  pages  from 
<  Anna  Karenina  >  and  sixteen  pages  from  <  War  and  Peace  \  3  7   1498  5-1 5030 

Danilevskij,  G.  P.  (1829-90),  a  Russian  story-writer,  author  of  nov- 
els of  great  historical  or  ethnographical  interest 42        131 

Miller,  Orest  Fedorovich  (1833-),  a  Russian  critical  writer  and  liter- 
ary historian,  university  professor  at  St.  Petersburg,  one  of  the 
leading  Slavophils,  and  author  of  studies  and  sketches  of  spe- 
cially Slavic  interest  43       383 

Averkiyev,  D.  V.  (1836-),  Russian  author  of  dramas,  comedies,  and 

literary  criticisms 42         31 

Schweinfurth,  George  August  (1836-),  a  Russian  explorer  of  German 
education,  author  of  valuable  studies  of  the  Nile,  of  Ethiopia, 
and  of  the  Heart  of  Africa 43        486 

DobrolytSbov,  Nicolai  Alex.  (1836-61),  a  profound  and  gifted  Rus- 
sian literary  critic 42        147 

Krapotkin,  Prince  Peter  (1842-),  a  Russian  revolutionist,  scientist, 
and  author  in  English  of  sketches  of  the  progress  of  science  in 
leading  London  reviews 43       314 

Kovalevsky,  Sonya  (1850-91),  an  eminent  Russian  mathematician, 
said  to  be  the  most  notable  woman  in  mathematics  of  any  age ; 
author  also  of  popular  novels 43       314 

Korolenko,  Vladimir  (1853-),  a  Russian  novelist,  himself  an  exile 
into  Siberia  1879-85,  author  of  sketches  and  stories  with  pic- 
tures of  contemporary  Russian  life  which  are  among  the  best 
we  have 43        312 

Russian  Lyric  Poetry  has  a  book  of  its  own  in  the  Library,  with  a 
fine  critical  account  by  Prince  Wolkonsky,  and  thirty-five  ex- 
amples of  lyrics,  representing  thirteen  Russian  poets.  There 
is  thus  completed  an  admirable  survey  of  Russian  literature 
since  it  became  truly  and  thoroughly  Russian  and  showed  a 
strength  and  splendor  of  genius  not  surpassed  by  any  other 
nation 32   1 2583-608 


Ixxii  POLISH  LITERATURE 

CHRONOLOGICAL   CONSPECTUS 

Polish  Literature  had  beginnings  of  note  as  far  back  as  the 
great  age  of  discovery  and  of  reformation.  It  passed  out  from 
under  French  influence,  into  a  period  of  thoroughly  national  and 
wonderfully  rich  development,  from  about  the  year  1825;  and  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  Poland  lost  her  place  in  Europe,  and  that 
the  great  representatives  of  Polish  genius  were  exiles  or  emi- 
grants, no  modem  literature  is  more  instinct  with  patriotism  or 
more  splendid  in  power.     Its  names  of  greatest  interest  are:  — 

Kochanovski,  Jan  (1530-84),  chief  Polish  poet  of  the  century 43        3 10 

Zimorowicz,  Simon  (1604-29),  Polish  poet  of  great  originality 43        597 

Kochovski,   Hieronymus  Vespasian   (1633-99),  ^   Polish  poet,  author 

of  satires,  odes,  epigrams,  and  an  epic,  <The  SuflEering  Christ  >.  .43        3 10 

Zbylitowski,  Pierre  (1684-1757),  a  Polish  poet  and  miscellaneous 
writer,  extensive  traveler  in  Europe  and  North  America,  keen 
observer  and  profound  critic,  author  of  important  poems  and 
studies 43        594 

Zbylitowski,  Andr6  (1732-1813),  a  Polish  writer,  philosopher,  and 
poet,  extensive  traveler  in  Europe  and  South  America,  author 
of  notably  successful  poetry,  and  of  philosophical  and  political 
writings 4  3        594 

Zielinski,  Felix  (1732-1805),  Polish  lawyer  and  critic,  author  of  stu- 
dies of  the  times  and  of  a  <  Critical  History  of  Polish  Litera- 
ture > 43        596 

Naruszewicz,  Adam  Stanislas  (1733-96),  a  Polish  poet  and  historian, 
author  of  idyls  and  satires,  of  a  good  Polish  version  of  Tacitus, 
and  of  an  important  <  History  of  the  Polish  People  > 43        401 

Krasicki,  Ignacy  (1734-1801),  a  Polish  ecclesiastic,  a  brilliant  figure 
of  the  court  of  Frederick  II.,  author  of  works  the  wit  and  style 
of  which  procured  for  him  the  title  of  «the  Polish  Voltaire »..  4  3       314 

Karpinski,  Franciszek    (1741-1825),  a  celebrated   Polish  poet,  author 

of  works  noted  for  energy,  simplicity,  and  patriotism 43        298 

Kniaznin,  Franciszek  Dionizy  (i  750-1 807),  a  Polish  poet,  author  of 
lyrics,  dramas,  occasional  pieces,  and  translations  of  some  of 
Fontaine's  fables 43        309 

Zablocki,  Frantizek  (1754-1821),  a  Polish  dramatist  looked  upon  as  the 
creator  of  Polish  comedy,  author  of  plays  holding  the  stage  to 
the  present  day 43        592 

Boguslavski,  Adalbert  (1759-1829),  Polish  dramatist,  theatre  director, 

and  earliest  composer  of  Polish  opera 42         65 

Lelewel,  Joachim  (1786-1861),  a  Polish  patriot  and  historian,  exiled 
from  Wilna  for  participation  in  the  Revolution  of  1830,  author 
of  various  works  on  Polish  history  and  antiquities,  and  of  im- 
portant geographical  studies 43       334 


POLISH   LITERATURE  Ixxiii 

Brodzinski,  Kazimierz  (1791-1835),  a  Polish  poet 42         76 

Fredro,  Count  Alexander  (i 793-1 876),  a  Polish  dramatist,  notable  as 

the  founder  of  original  Polish  comedy 42        201 

Chodzko,  Ignacy  (1795-1861),  a  Polish  poet,  author  of  odes  and  of  vivid 

prose  sketches  of  Lithuanian  manners  and  people 42        107 

Mickiewicz  (1798-18 5 5),  under  the  influence  of  Byron  and  Scott, 
Goethe  and  Schiller,  and  Shakespeare,  became  the  supreme  na- 
tional poet  and  the  creator  of  a  distinctively  Polish  literature. 
His  masterpiece,  the  great  poem,  <Pan  Thaddeus,*  is  a  national 
epic  on  account  of  which  its  author  stands  to  Poland  as  Homer 
to  Greece,  and  Dante  to  Italy 25  9995-10006 

Zaleski,  Bohdan  (1802-86),  a  noted  Polish  poet,  author  of  works  which 

depict  in  vivid  colors  the  scenery  of  his  native  country 43        593 

Chodzko,  Alexander  (1804-91),  Polish  scholar  and  poet,  author  of 
versions  of  numerous  oriental  masterpieces,  and  of  both  Slav 
and  Bulgarian  studies 42        107 

FUrst,  Julius  (1805-73),  a  Polish  Oriental  scholar  of  Jewish  birth,  au- 
thor of  extremely  valuable  studies  of  Jewish  and  Jewish-Greek 
literary  culture 42        205 

Grabovski,  Michael  (1805-63),  a  Polish  novelist,  essayist,  and  critic, 

author  of  historical  novels  of  epoch-making  significance 42        228 

Witwickie,  Etienne  (died  at  Rome  1847),  a  Polish  poet,  novelist,  and 

dramatist,  notable  for  a  famous  book  in  defense  of  Catholicism .  4  3        581 

Bielovski,  August  (1806-76),  a  Polish  poet  and  historical  writer 42  59 

Pol,  Vincenty  (1807-72),  a  Polish  poet,  author  of  patriotic  songs  which 
won  for  its  author  unbounded  popularity,  and  of  <  Pictures  from 
Life  and  from  Travel,*  esteemed  his  finest  work 43       434 

Czajkovski,  Michal  (1808-76),  Polish  novelist,  strikingly  original, 
and  author  of  historical  novels  translated  into  almost  all  Euro- 
pean languages 42        128 

Gaszynski,  Konstantin  (1809-66),  a  Polish  poet  and  novelist,  a  politi- 
cal exile  in  France,  author  of  poems,  stories,  and  of  literary 
studies  in  both  Polish  and  French 42        210 

Slowacki  (1809-49),  the  dramatist  of  the  great  Polish  triad  of  poets, 
represents  the  finest  type  of  Polish  genius.  He  was  the  Polish 
Byron  with  a  greater  than   Byron's  power 34  13508-18 

Krasinski  (1812-59),  whose  greatest  works  came  out  in  1833  and  1836, 
is  said  to  have  « modified  the  character  of  an  entire-  people.  >* 
The  half -epic,  half-dramatic  poem  <Iridion>  is  his  masterpiece, 
and  with  it  ranks  <The  Undivine  Comedy,  >  a  sjmibolic  poem 
in  dramatic  form  dealing  with  the  loftiest  social  and  spiritual 
themes.     Seven  fine  examples  are  given  in  the  Library 22  8735-46 

Kraszevsky,  J6sef  Ignacy  (1812-87),  one  of  the  most  noted  and  pro- 
lific of  Polish  novelists  and  poets,  especially  notable  for  a  series 
of  novels  depicting  Polish  history  from  the  earliest  times 43        314 

Lenartovicz,  Teofil  (1822-93),  a  Polish  poet,  author  of  popular  ballads 
and  songs  which  are  reckoned  among  the  choicest  pearls  of  Po- 
lish  literature 43       335 


Ixxiv  POLISH  LITERATURE 

Ujeski,  Corneli  (1823-),  a  Polish  poet,  resident  in  Paris,  author  of 
poems  inspired  by  intense  patriotism,  his  ^Lamentations  of 
Jeremiah  >  considered  one  of  the  masterpieces  of  PoUsh  litera- 
ture.   43        537 

Kondrat6vicz,  Vladislav  (1823-62),  a  popular  Polish  poet  and  literary 
historian,  notable  for  patriotism  and  intense  sympathy  with  the 
people  in  a  large  body  of  varied  verse,  and  author  of  a  history 
of    Polish    literature 43        312 

Anczyc,  Vladislav  Ludvig  (1823-83),  a  Polish  dramatist  at  Cracow, 
author  of  national  plays  of  great  popularity,  and  of  many  juve- 
nile  works 42  18 

Falenski,  Felicyan  (1825-),  a  Polish  poet,  author  of  successful  plays 
and  poems,  and  of  fine  versions  of  Horace,  Dante,  and  B6ran- 
ger 42        178 

Kalinka,  Valerian  (1826-86),  a  Polish  journalist,  political  writer,  and 
historian,  author  of  a  first  volume  of  <The  Great  Diet,*  intended 
to  be  a  thorough  study  of  the  political  history  of  Poland 43        296 

Klaczko,  Julian  (1828-),  a  Polish  poet  and  historical  writer,  formerly 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Austrian  Landtag;  a  voluminous 
writer  on  historical  and  political  subjects  in  Polish,  French,  and 
German 43        307 

Fredro,  Johann  Alexander  (1829-91),  a  Polish  dramatist,  active  in 
the  Polish-Hungarian  revolt  of  1848,  and  author  of  numerous 
popular  comedies 42        201 

Ginsburg,   Christian    (1830-),    an   eminent  Polish  Rabbinical  writer, 

author  of  important  biblical  studies 42        218 

^Deotyma,  *  (Luszczevska,  Jadviga)  (1830-),  Polish  woman  poet  and 

story- writer   of  rare   power  and   charm 42        140 

Pruszakowa,  S6verine  Zochov7ska  (1830-),  a  Polish  woman  of  letters, 
an  author  of  both  historical  and  poetical  works,  and  studies 
of  literature  characterized  by  a  style  of  almost   classic  purity.  .43       443 

Balucki,   Michael  (1837-),  a  Polish  dramatist  and  novelist,  especially 

popular  as  a  story-teller  of  satirical  tendency 42  39 

Tarnovski,  Count  Stanislav  (1837-),  a  Polish  literary  historian,  author 
of  numerous  monographs,  and  of  <  Studies  in  the  History  of 
Polish  Literature,  >  his  greatest  work 43        515 

Asnyk,  Adam  (1838-),  Polish  author  of  lyrics,  historical  tragedies,  and 

comedies .  .  .• 42  27 

Belcikovski,   Adam  (1839-),    Polish  author  of  dramas,  comedies  and 

essays  on   Polish  literature 42         51 

Dygasii^ski,  Adolf  (1839-),  a  Polish  author  of  stories  notably  descrip- 
tive of  Polish  scenes,  and  translator  of  works  in  English  sci- 
ence.   42        159 

Sienkiewicz  (1846-),  whose  magnificent  historical  novels,  <With  Fire 
and  Sword,*  <The  Deluge,*  and  <Pan  Michael,*  are  described 
in  the  < Synopses  of  Noted  Books*  (p.  457),  has  splendidly 
maintained  the  tradition  of  Polish  genius  created  by  the  three 
great  Polish  poets  whose   story  the    Library  has  gfiven.      The 


BULGARIAN  — ROUMANIAN   LITERATURE  j^xv 

Story  of  his  genius  and  large  examples  of  his  work,  filling 
thirty-nine  pages  of  the  Library,  will  more  than  suggest  that 
Poland  gives  to  literature  in  the  end  of  the  nineteenth  century 
the  greatest  creative  genius  of  the  field  of  fiction.  His  latest 
novel,  <Quo  Vadis,>  of  which  an  account  is  given  in  vol.  45 » 
^ Synopses >  (p.  406),  is  a  masterly  study  of   Rome  in  the  time 

of  Nero,  and  immensely  popular 34   '  3399-438 

Chmielovski,    Peter  (1848-),  a  Polish  critic  and  literary  historian  of 

Warsaw,  author  of  valuable  studies  and   sketches 42        107 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Bulgarian  Literature  has  very  close  relations  with  Russian, 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  language  is  what  may  be  called  an  elder 
sister  of  Russian,  stunted  in  development  by  Turkish  domination, 
and  that  the  political  independence  reached  in  1878  was  attained 
by  the  help  of  Russia  (Vol.   xxxviii,    15265). 

Boteff  (1848-76),  who  fell  in  the  struggle  against  the  Turks  in  1876, 
was  a  martyr-poet  of  revolution,  a  fine  example  of  whose  verse 
is  given  in  the  Library 38   15265-67 

Vazoff  (1850-),  a  fellow-poet  and  fellow-patriot  of  Boteff,  whose  first 
considerable  poem  appeared  in  1870,  brought  out  later  his 
masterpiece,  < Under  the  Yoke,*  a  novel  of  rare  power,  and  has 
since  published  poems,  novels,  dramas,  and  historical  sketches, 
which  assure  him  a  place  in  European  literature.  The  Library 
gives  his  first  poem  in  full,  and  sixteen  pages  from  <  Under 
the  Yoke  > 38   15263-86 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Roumanian  Literature  has  a  single  beautiful  bloom  in  the 
poetry  in  German  of  Elizabeth,  Queen  of  Roumania  (1843-),  who 
writes  under  the  pen-name  of  ^*  Carmen  Sylva.  '^  The  Library 
has  an  account  of  her  work  with  fine  examples  (Vol.  xxxvi, 
14329-36).  The  larger  story  of  letters  in  Roumania  shows  the 
following  names  of  note :  — 

Negruzzi,  Konstantin  (1808-68) ;  Jakob  (1843) ;  Roumanian  poets,  father 
and  son;  the  former  author  of  verses,  plays,  and  historical  stud- 
ies in  prose  and  verse,  and  the  latter  of  poems,  sketches,  and 
tales  vddely  read 43       40a 

Alecsandrescu,  Grigoic  (1812-86),  Roumanian  poet  and  political  leader 

of  great  popularity ^ 42         11 


Ixxvi  MORAVIAN  — SERVIAN  LITERATURE 

Alecsandri,  Basile  (1821-go),  Roumanian  poet  and  journalist  ardently 

patriotic  and  influential 42         11 

Bolintineanu,  Dimitrie  (1826-72),  Roumanian  poet  and  novelist 42         66 

Dora,  d'Istria  (1828-88),  wife  of  a  Russian  prince,  author  of  Rou- 
manian travel  sketches,  and  of  historical  and  literary  studies 
of  great  value 42        149 

Eminescu,  Michael  (1849-89),  a   Roumanian  journalist  of  distinction 

and  the  great  lyric  poet  of  Roumania 42        1 70 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Moravian  Literature  had  an  eminent  representative,  from 
162 1  to  167 1,  in  the  great  Slavic  educational  reformer,  Johann 
Amos  Comenius  (1592-1670),  who  became  Bishop  of  the  Mo- 
ravian Brethren  in  1622,  and  during  the  nearly  fifty  years  that 
followed  pursued  a  career  of  authorship  and  educational  reform 
almost  without  a  parallel  (Vol.  x,  3909-22).  A  name  of  more 
recent  interest  is  that  of:  — 

Zeleguy,  Zdenko  (1853-),  ^  Moravian  poet  under  the  pseudonym  of 
« Franz  Voneisen,»  author  of  works  of  special  Moravian  in- 
terest   4  3        595 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Servian   Literature    commands   the   interest  of  the  following 
names:  — 

Karadzic,  Vuk  Stefanovotch  (i 787-1 864),  a  famous  Servian  author, 
founder  of  modern  Servian  literature;  author  of  an  epoch-mak- 
ing <  Dictionary,  >  and  of  a  collection  of  <  Popular  Serb  Songs  ;> 
and  a  principal  reformer  of  the  Servian  literary  language 43       297 

Ban,  Mathias  (1818-),  a  Servian  dramatist,  journalist,  and  critic.... 4 2         39 

Milicevic,  Milan  (1831-),  a  Servian  geographical,  ethnological,  and 
historical  writer,  and  novelist;  author  of  stories,  studies,  and 
sketches  of  special  Servian  interest 43       382 

Jovanovic,  Jovan  (1833-),  a  Servian  journalist,  humorist,  and  poet, 
author  of  extremely  popular  poems  and  farces,  and  specially 
notable  for  the  influential  political  journals  which  he  has 
founded  and  edited , 42       293 


TURKISH  — ARMENIAN  — SCANDINAVIAN   LITERATURE       Ixxvii 

CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 
Turkish  Literature  has  names  of  note  as  follows :  — 

Mesihi,  a  renowned  Turkish  poet  of  the  fourteenth  century,  one  of 
the  seven  whose  names  written  in  gold  are  suspended  in  the 
temple  of  Mecca . 4  3       380 

Lami'i,  a  notable  Turkish  poet  and  prose-writer,  author  of  epics 
founded  on  Persian  legends,  and  of  prose  translations  from  the 
Persian  poet  Jami,  —  died  about  1530 43        323 

Ibrahim  of  Aleppo  (1490-1549),  a  famous  Ottoman  writer  on  jurispru- 
dence, compiler  of  a  great  code  of  laws  known  as  <  Confluence 
of  the  Seas  > 42        282 

Baki  (-1600),  the  greatest  of  Turkish  lyric  poets 42  38 

Ziver,  Pasha  (1793-1862),  a  Turkish  official  of  high  rank,  and  a  poet 

greatly  esteemed  by  the  Turks 43        597 

CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Armenian  Literature  has  a  record  in  which  these  names  are 
of  special  note:  — 

Emine,  Nikita  Ossipovich  (1815-91),  Armenian  scholar  of  eminence, 
translator  into  Russian  of  the  chief  Armenian  historians,  and 
author  of  a  monumental  <  History  of  Armenia,^  of  which  a 
French  translation  exists  42        169 

Calfa,  Ambroise  (1830-),  a  French-Armenian,  author  of  Armenian 
versions  of  French  masterpieces  and  of  an  Armenian  <  Universal 
History  > 42  89 

Calfa,  Corona  (183  5-),  Armenian  author  of  immensely  popular  poems 

and  songs  and  of  a  <  History  of  Armenia  > 42         89 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Scandinavian  Literature  covers  three  distinct  national  de- 
velopments, those  of  Denmark,  Norway,  and  Sweden.  Norway 
and  Denmark  were  politically  one  before  18 14,  with  a  common 
language,  and  a  common  intellectual  centre  in  Copenhagen.  Each 
of  the  three  developments  has  special  interest.  Sweden  was  ear- 
liest in  contributing  great  names  to  the  history  of  culture,  in 
Swedenborg  and  Linnaeus,  while  Norway  gave  birth  to,  and 
Denmark  was  the  scene  of  the  life  of,  Holberg,  the  Scandinavian 
Shakespeare. 


Ixxviii  SWEDISH   LITERATURE 

Swedish  Literature  covers  two  hundred  years  and  has  a 
wide  range  of  contributions  to  the  factors  of  modern  progress. 
Two  names  especially,  from  its  roll  of  great  characters,  belong  to 
mankind  in  the  departments  of  religion  and  of  science:  — 

Swedenborg  (1688-1772),  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  most  re- 
markable of  modern  religious  initiators  has  a  book  of  story  and 
of  choice  examples  from  his  writings  in  the  Library 36  14237-58 

Linnaeus  (1707-78),  who  achieved  European  distinction  in  science,  and 
who  still  ranks  as  one  of  the  greatest  names  in  masterly  study 
of  nature,  has  a  most  interesting  portrayal  in  the  Library,  with 
examples  which  report  his  observation  of  Lapland  and  the  Lap- 
land Alps .  .    23  9077-90 

Dalin  (1708-63),  figures  as  «the  father  of  modern  Swedish  poetry, » 
and  the  initiator  of  a  new  literary  age,  inspired  by  English 
literature,  and  first  manifested  in  1832  by  a  Swedish  imitation 
of  Addison's  < Spectator.)  German  gravity  gave  way  to  Eng- 
lish wit  and  French  vivacity,  until  the  character  of  the  national 
literature  was  completely  transformed 10  4278-84 

Bellman  (1740-95),  a  lyric  poet  of  Sweden  and  author  of  songs,  has 
an  interesting  story  with  choice  examples.  He  was  the  favorite 
of  the  Swedish  king,  Gustavus  III.,  and  of  the  nation 4  1763-72 

Kellgren,  Johan  Henrik  (1751-95),  one  of  the  greatest  of  Swedish 
poets,  especially  notable  for  excellent  lyrics,  and  for  dramas 
and  operas  the  plots  of  which  were  mostly  furnished  by 
Gustavus  III 43       299 

Leopold,  Karl  Gustaf  af  (i 756-1829),  a  Swedish  poet,  at  one  time  the 
literary  dictator  of  his  country,  a  chief  representative  in  Sweden 
of  the  French  classic  school  of  poetry 43       337 

Franz6n,  Frans  Michael  (1772-1847),  a  Swedish  poet,  university  pro- 
fessor and  bishop,  author  of  poems  marked  by  great  natural  charm ,  4  2       200 

Tegner  (1782-1846)  carried  off  the  palm,  and  became  the  leader  of 
Swedish  poetry,  in  the  age  of  new  developments  introduced  by 
Atterbom.  He  was  noted  for  his  love  of  nature  and  his  inter- 
est in  old  legends  of  an  heroic  past.  Longfellow  translated  his 
beautiful  <  Children  of  the  Lord's  Supper  >;  and  his  <Frithiofs 
Saga>  has  made  him  most  widely  known.  The  Library  gives 
fourteen  pages  from  this 36  14563-80 

Geijer,  Erik  Gustaf  (1783-1847),  a  Swedish  historian;  university  pro- 
fessor, and  parliamentary  orator,  author  of  epoch-making  con- 
tributions to  Swedish   history 42        212 

Afzelius,  Arvid  August  (1785-1871),  Swedish  poet,  notable  for  re- 
searches in  old  Norse  history  and  literature,  and  for  a  famous 
collection  of  old  Swedish  folksongs 42  6 

Atterbom  (1790-185 5),  one  of  the  greatest  lyric  poets  of  his  country, 
especially  sought  to  free  Swedish  literature  from  French  in- 
fluence, beginning  about  1810,  and  reaching  success  during  the 


SWEDISH   LITERATURE  Ixxix 

next  forty  years.  Great  service  was  rendered  by  him  also  in 
earnest  treatment  of  religious  questions.  He  first  wrote  sonnets 
in  Swedish,  and  did  much  fine  critical  work 2    933-42 

Dahlgren,  Karl  Fred,  (i  791-1844),  Swedish  author  of  humorous  poems 

and  sketches,  songs  and  ballads,  and  stories  of  great  merit  ....  4  2        129 

Arwidson,  Adolf  Ivar  (1791-1858),  Swedish  poet,  and  author  of  collec- 
tion of  <  Old  Swedish  Folksongs  > 42         27 

Almquist  (i 793-1 866),  author  of  the  romances  which  are  said  to  be 
the  best  of  their  kind  in  Swedish  literature,  wrote  also  lyrics, 
dramas,  and  epics,  and  by  his  versatile  and  powerful  genius 
made  a  great  impression.  His  story  is  a  strange  one.  His 
novels  showed  socialistic  sympathies,  and  bore  upon  problems 
of  the  day,  such  as  that  of  marriage i    439-46 

Fryxell,  Anders  (1795-1881),  a  Swedish  historian,  literary  critic,  and 
grammarian,  author  of  valuable  <  Stories  from  Swedish  History,^ 
and  of  other  writings  of  special  Swedish   interest 42        204 

Crusenstolpe,  Magnus  Jakob  (1795-1865),  Swedish  publicist  and  nov- 
elist, author  of  historic-romantic  tales,  and  of  historical,  bio- 
graphical, and  political  works 42        126 

Bremer,  Fredrika  (1801-65),  came  into  Swedish  literature  very  young, 
1828  and  1830,  and  made  a  great  success.  She  wrote  novels, 
short  stories,  verse,  and  travels,  and  was  an  active  promoter 
of  the  rights  of  women 6  2328-42 

Mellin,  Gustaf  Henrik  (1803-76),  a  Swedish  writer,  author  of  novels 
dealing  with  Swedish  history,  and  of  historical  and  biograph- 
ical studies 43        377 

Runeberg  (1804-77)  ranks  as  «the  greatest  name  in  Swedish  litera- 
ture,»  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he  is  of  Finland,  which  in  1809 
was  torn  from  Sweden  and  annexed  to  Russia.  He  represents 
an  advance  from  Tegner  even,  to  realism  of  the  truest  sort, 
vividly  reflecting  life  and  nature  as  Finland  had  taught  them 
to  him.  But  one  departure  from  native  limitations  he  made. 
He  adopted  the  Swedish  language  in  his  writings,  and  thus 
became  a  great  figure  in  Swedish  literature.  Several  of  the 
finest  pieces  of  this  great  Swedish  poet  are  given  in  the  Li- 
brary    32   12495-508 

Bottiger,  Carl  V.  (1807-78),  essayist  and  Swedish  translator  of  Dante, 

Tasso,    etc 42         69 

Ridderstad,  Karl  Fredrik  (1807-86),  a  Swedish  poet  and  novelist, 
famous  for  his  eloquence  and  patriotism,  author  of  very  suc- 
cessful lyrics,  and  of  several  historical  romances 43        458 

Carl6n,  Madame  Emilia  (1807-92),  shares  with  Miss  Bremer  the 
honors  of  female  Swedish  authorship.  Her  work  during  the 
years  1838-52  gave  her  great  distinction,  and  from  1858  to 
1875  her  home  in  Stockholm  was  the  centre  of  Swedish  literary 
life 8  3225-30 

Blanche,  A.  T.    (1811-68),   Swedish  author  of  comedies,  farces,   and 

realistic    novels • 42         63 


Ixxx  SWEDISH  LITERATURE 

Carlson,  Fredrik  Ferd.  (1811-87),  Swedish  scholar  prominent  in  pub- 
lic affairs,  and  author  of  a  <  History  of  Sweden  >  of  exhaust- 
ive accuracy  and  high  literary  merit 42         95 

Braun,  Wilhelm  von  (1813-60),  popular  Swedish  poet. 42         73 

Kajaani,  Johan    Fredrik    (1815-87),    a   Finnish   writer,  author  of  the 

first  history  of  Finland  written  in  Finnish .43        295 

Malmstrom,  Bernhard  Elis  (1816-65),  a  Swedish  poet  and  historian  of 
literature,  professor  at  Upsala,  author  of  poems  marked  by 
great  perfection  of  form,  and  of  a  history  of  Swedish  literature .  4  3        365 

Dahlgren,  Fred.  Aug.  (1816-),  Swedish  author  of  extraordinarily  popu- 
lar songs  and  ballads,  of  very  successful  dramas,  and  of  a  his- 
tory of  the  Swedish  stage 42        129 

Jolin,  Johan  Kristofer  (1818-84),  a  Swedish  dramatist,  novelist,  and 

poet,  author  of  popular  and  original  dramas,  novels,  and  poems.  42        291, 

Topelius,  Zacharias  (1818-),  a  Finnish  journalist,  poet,  and  novelist, 
author  of  verses,  dramas,  juvenile  stories,  and  of  a  notable  series 
of  Swedish  and  Finnish  historical  tales 43        529 

Schwartz,   Marie    Sophie    (1819-94),    a    Swedish   novelist,    author  of 

stories  which  deal  for  the  most  part  with  the  problems  of  labor .  4  3        486 

Ahlquist,  August  E.  (1826-89),  Finnish  poet  and  philologist,  university 

professor  and  translator  of  Schiller  and  others  into  Finnish ....  4  2  7 

Hedberg,  Frans  Theodor  (1828-),  a  Swedish  dramatic  poet,  author  of 

many  plays  and  of  a  history  of  the  Swedish  stage 42        256 

Rydberg,  Abraham  Viktor  (1829-),  a  Swedish  man  of  letters,  regarded 
as  one  of  the  best  of  Swedei^,  author  both  of  translations  and 
of  original  works  of  special  modern  interest 43       474 

Carl6n,  Rosa  (1836-83),  a  Swedish  novelist;  <The  Gypsy's  Son>  (1866) 

regarded  as  her  most  perfect  work 42         94 

Edgren,  August  Hjalmar  (1840-),  Swedish  author,  university  professor 
in  America,  author  of  numerous  publications  of  Swedish  and 
other  literary  interest 42        163 

Snoilsky,  Count  Carl  (1841-),  a  Swedish  poet,  author  of  sonnets 
among  the  best  in  Swedish  literature,  of  poems  of  sympathy  of  the 
unfortunate  and  oppressed,  and  of  a  translation  of  Goethe's  ballads.  43       4  .jg 

Backstrom,  Per  Johan  Edvard  (1841-86),  Swedish  dramatist  and  lyric 

poet 42         34 

Edgren  [Madame  Anne]  (1849-92),  was  a  most  notable  success  as  a 
woman  writer  at  Stockholm,  the  capital  of  Sweden,  from  1869 
to  1890;  and  at  Naples,  Italy,  until  her  death.  Her  constant 
theme  is  the  position  of  woman  and  her  struggle  to  be  herself. 
Her  success  with  dramas  was  remarkable,  and  her  novels  are 
of   great    interest 13  5162-74 

Ahlgren,  Ernst  (Benedictsson,  Victoria,  1850-88),  Swedish  author 
of  novels,  stories,  and  tales  descriptive  of  native  types,  ranking 
very  high  among  recent  female  writers  of  Sweden 42  .7 

Heidenstam,  Werner  von  (1859-),  a  Swedish  poet  and  novelist,  origin- 
ator of  a  movement  against  extreme  realism,  and  notable  for 
his  use  •f  Oriental  themes 42       257 


DANISH   LITERATURE  Ixxxi 

Levertin,  Oscar  (1862-),  a  Swedish  poet,  author  of  works  of  romance 
and  mysticism,  a  writer  at  the  head  of  the  younger  lyric  poets 
of  Sweden 43        340 

<<  Kalevala  *^  is  the  name  of  a  great  Finnish  epic,  the  realism  of  which, 
in  its  reflection  of  everything  Finnish,  makes  it  one  of  the  most 
interesting  epics  ever  written.  The  story  of  finding  the  four 
cycles  of  folksongs  which  compose  it,  and  of  the  shaping  of 
the  rich  materials  into  a  grand  whole,  with  fine  examples,  merits 
a  niche  of  special  interest  in  connection  with  Swedish  litera- 
ture. The  Grand  Duchy  of  Finland  was  until  1809  an  im- 
portant part  of  Sweden 21  8443-54 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Danish  Literature  occupies  in  certain  respects  the  central 
and  representative  position  for  the  three  Scandinavian  countries, 
largely  in  consequence  of  the  fact  that  its  great  modem  develop- 
ment began  about  1720  with  a  poet  who  is  for  the  whole  Scan- 
dinavian world  what  Shakespeare  is  to  the  nations  which  use 
English.  Before  Holberg,  however,  our  conspectus  finds  names 
of  note,  as  Danish  letters  emerged  from  the  ages  of  Latin  cul- 
ture : 

Saxo  Grammaticus,  a  Danish  historian  (died  about  1208),  author,  of 
a  work  of  Danish  history  in  Latin,  the  elegant  style  of  which 
was  much  admired 43        481 

Pedersen,  Christiern  (1480-15  54),  a  Danish  scholar  and  historical 
writer,  an  ardent  reformer,  author  of  a  translation  of  Luther's 
Bible  into  Danish ;  and  by  this  and  other  literary  works  a  large 
contributor  to  the  formation  of  the  literary  language  of  Den- 
mark  43        421 

Tycho   Brahe    (i 546-1601),  an   illustrious    Danish    astronomer,  one  of 

the  eminent  founders  of  modern  astronomical  science 43        535 

Arrebo,  A.  C.  (1587-1637),  Danish  poet,  father  of  modern  poetry  in 
Denmark,  and  author  of  translation  of  the  <  Psalms  of  David  > 
(1623) 42  27 

Kingo,  Thomas  (1634-1703),  a  Danish  religious  poet,  author  of  hymns 
elevated  in  thought  and  beautiful  in  style,  of  great  permanent 
popularity  with  the  Danish  people 43        305 

Holberg  (1684-1754),  Scandinavia's  supreme  poet,  a  writer  of  com- 
edies ranking  with  those  of  Moliere  in  France,  and  only  sur- 
passed by  the  unapproachable  comedies  of  Aristophanes  and 
Shakespeare.  The  story  of  Holberg's  marvelous  genius,  of  his 
production  within  a  few  years  of  twenty-eight  wonderfully  rich 
and  finished  comedies,  and  of  other  work  in  g^reat  variety, 
6 


Ixxxii  DANISH  LITERATURE 

histories,  criticism,  philosophy,  and  essays,  through  which  he 
impressed  himself  upon  the  whole  spiritual  life  of  modern 
Denmark,  is  accompanied  in  the  Library  with  nearly  thirty 
pages  of  fine  examples  illustrating  «the  greatest  name  in  all 
Scandinavian  literature  » i  8  7409-44 

Falster,  Christian  (1690-1752),  a  Danish  poet,  author  of  satires,  and 

of  prose  studies  of  the  times  notably  interesting  and  successful.  4  2        179 

Ewald  (1743-81),  who  was  the  most  conspicuous  figure  of  the  period 
between  Holberg,  the  father  of  Danish  literature,  and  the  great 
poet  Oehlenschlager,  made  most  interesting  contributions  to 
Danish  literary  development 14  5614-26 

Falsen,    Enevold   de    (175 5-1808),  a    Danish   poet  and  public  official, 

author  of  dramas  received  with  great  public  favor 42        179 

Heiberg,  Peter  Andreas  (1758-1841),  Danish  political  writer,  satirist, 
and  dramatic  poet,  author  of  widely  successful  comedies,  and 
social  satires 42        257 

Baggesen  (1764-1826),  whose  poetical  <Comic  Tales >  gave  him  his 
first  fame  in  1785,  was  regarded  in  his  own  day  as  the  greatest 
of  living  Danish  poets.  A  poetic  description  of  his  journeys  is 
his  most  important  prose  work.  Examples  from  it  and  from 
his  poems  are  given  in  the  Library 3  1235-42 

Oehlenschlager  (1779-1850),  the  greatest  of  Danish  poets,  wrote  a 
large  number  of  tragedies,  and  a  mass  of  miscellaneous  produc- 
tions in  prose  and  verse  which  fill  twenty-six  volumes  of  his 
collected  works.  The  beautiful  love  tragedy,  <Axel  and  Val- 
borg,>  is  esteemed  the  finest  thing  in  Danish  literature.  Twelve 
pages  from  this  are  given  in  the  Library ;  six  pages  from  <  Earl 
Hakon,>  a  splendid  drama  of  the  bringing  of  Christianity  to 
Norway;  and  three  pages  from  < Aladdin, >  a  dramatic  fairy  tale 
embodying  the  gospel  of  genius.  One  of  the  great  poet's  dramas 
attempts  to  reconstruct  the  historical  Hamlet  of  Saxo's  chroni- 
cle, and  another  introduces  no  female  character.  The  book  of 
thirty  pages  of  Oehlenschlager  in  the  Library  is  of  fascinating 
interest,  seven  pages  of  fine  critical  story  and  twenty-three  pages 
of  examples 27   10745-74 

Blicher  (i  782-1 848)  has  a  story  and  examples  in  the  Library  very 
rich  in  interest.  He  wrote  national  peasant  stories  and  poems 
specially  representative  of  the  simple  life  and  quaint  legends 
of  Jutland,  one  of  the  places  of  origin  of  the  earliest  settlers 
of  England 5  2064-74 

Grundtvig,  Nikolai  F.  S.  (1783-1872),  an  eminent  Danish  scholar  in 
history,  languages,  and  the  religions  of  mankind ;  author  of  very 
popular  Danish  poems,  and  studies  of  Norse  mythology;  and 
the  originator  of  a  movement  designed  as  a  new  Reformation 
of  Christianity 42        236 

Ingemann  (1789-1862),  who  was  the  literary  favorite  of  the  Danish 
people  after  Oehlenschlager's  death  in  1850,  is  especially  known 
by  historical  novels  and  poems  which  have  caused  him  to  be 


DANISH  LITERATURE  Ixxxiii 

named  the  Danish  Walter  Scott.  In  his  hymns  and  short 
stories,  however,  and  in  his  character  and  sentiment,  he  was  of 
a  type  unlike  Scott,  and  a  very  interesting  example  of  Danish 
culture 20  7982-90 

Hauch,  Johannes  Carsten  (1790-1872),  Danish  poet  and  novelist,  author 
of  extremely  successful  plays  and  romances,  and  of  lyrics  which 
show  him  to  be  Denmark's  foremost  poet  of  nature  and  senti- 
ment  42       252 

Boye,  Kaspar  J.  (1791-1853),  Danish  dramatist  and  poet 42         71 

Heiberg,  Johann  Ludvig  (1791-1860),  an  eminent  Danish  poet,  play- 
wright, critic,  and  essayist,  an  exponent  of  the  teaching  of 
Hegel 42        257 

Petersen,  Niels  Mathias  (i  791-1862),  a  Danish  historian  and  philolo- 
gist, university  professor  at  Copenhagen,  author  of  works  for  the 
study  of  Norse  languages,  mythology,  and  literature 43       425 

Bodtcher,  Ludwig  (1793-1874),  Danish  lyrical   poet,  depicting  nature 

and  man 42         64 

Moller,  Poul  Martin   (i  794-1 838),  a  Danish  poet,  novelist,  and  philo-  ^^ 
sophical  writer,   professor  at   Christiania  and    at    Copenhagen, 
author    of    fine    lyrics,    of    fiction,    and    of    studies    in    philoso- 
phy   43        387 

Rafn,  Carl  Christian  (i  795-1 864),  a  Danish  critic  and  archaeologist, 
author  of  translations  of  Norse,  mythic,  and  romantic  sagas, 
and  of  a  study  of  American  antiquities  endeavoring  to  prove 
that  America  was  discovered  by  the  Norsemen  in  the  tenth 
century 43        450 

Winther,  Rasmus  (1796-1876),  a  Danish  poet,  esteemed  one  of  the 
truest  interpreters  of  the  Danish  national  character;  his 
greatest  work  a  lyric  romance  of  the  Danish  Middle  Ages 43        5^0 

Hertz  (1798-1870),  a  Danish  poet  of  Jewish  parentage,  who  wrote 
plays,  comedies,  and  romantic  dramas  in  verse;  is  best  known 
by  his  <King  Rent's  Daughter,)  several  pages  from  which  are 
gfiven  in  the   Library 18  7317-25 

Overskov,  Thomas  (1798-18  73),  a  Danish  dramatist,  author  of  suc- 
cessful plays,  but  most  notable  for  his  ^  History  of  the  Danish 
Theatre  >    43       411 

Bernhard,  Karl  (Saint  Aubain,  Nicolai  de,  1798-1865),  brilliant  nov- 
elist picturing  Danish  history  and  contemporary  life 42         57 

Aarestrup,  Emil  (1800-56),  one  of  the  foremost  Danish  lyric  poets.  .42  i 

Andersen  (1805-75),  whose  wonder  tales  and  fairy  dramas  have 
given  him  a  world-wide  fame,  has  a  book  of  forty  pages  in  the 
Library,  of  which  thirty-six  pages  are  capital  examples  of  his 
best  work 2    500-39 

Paludan-MuUer  (1809-76),  the  author  of  poems,  plays,  and  tales,  in 
great  variety,  achieved"  his  masterpiece  in  <  Adam  Homo,  >  from 
which  an  elaborate  example  is  given  in  the  Library.  In  other 
almost  equally  remarkable  works,  the  style  is  quite  different, 
yet  the  execution  not  less  a   success 28  11017-24 


Ixxxiv  DANISH   LITERATURE 

Allen,  Karl  Ferd.  (1811-71),  Danish  historian  and  university  pro- 
fessor of  history  and  northern  archaeology  at  Copenhagen; 
author  of  <  Handbook  of  the  History  of  the  Fatherland, >  <  His- 
tory of  the  Three  Northern  Kingdoms,^  and  other  works  very 
democratic  in  tone  and  of  great  Scandinavian  interest  and  in- 
fluence  42  15 

Hoist,  Hans  Peter  (181 1-93),  a  Danish  poet  and  novelist;  professor 
of  language  and  literature  in  Copenhagen;  author  of  lyrics, 
sketches,  dramas,  and  novels  exceedingly  varied,  elegant,  and 
tasteful 42       271 

Kjerkegaard,  Soren  Aaby  (1813-35),  an  eminent  Danish  religious 
writer,  notable  for  new  departure  conception  of  religion  as  a 
personal  matter  between  each  soul  and  the  Supreme  Being.  ...  43        307 

MoUer,  Peter  Ludwig  (1814-65),  a  Danish  poet  and  aesthetic  writer; 
resident  in  Paris  the  last  fifteen  years  of  his  life,  author  of 
lyrics,  criticisms,  and  studies 43       386 

Lembcke,  Eduard  (181 5-),  a  Danish  poet,  author  of  patriotic  poems 
and  songs,  and  of  excellent  translations  of  Shakespeare,  Byron, 
and  other  English  poets,  —  his  <  Our  Mother  Tongue  >  one  of 
the  favorite  national  songs 43        334 

Worsaae,  Jens  Jakob  (1821-85),  a  Danish  historian  and  public  official, 
author  of  works  of  importance  for  the  history  of  the  Danes  in 
Great  Britain  and  Normandy 43        585 

Ewald,  Herman  Frederik  (1821-),  a  Danish  novelist,  author  of  his- 
torical novels,  and  of  fine  character-studies 42        176 

Molbech,  Christian  K.  F.  (1821-88),  a  Danish  poet  and  dramatist,  a 
professor  at  Kiel,  a  journalist  at  Copenhagen,  and  censor  at 
the  Royal  Theatre,  author  of  dramas,  poems,  and  <  Pictures 
from  the  Life  of  Jesus  > 43        386 

Andersen,  Karl  (1828-83),  a  Danish  poet,  author  of  epics  and  lyrics 
depicting  common  life,  and  of  a  prose  tale  describing  nature 
and  life  in  Iceland 42  18 

Richardt,  Christian  Ernst  (1831-93),  a  Danish  poet,  considered  first 
among  the  later  lyrical  poets  of  Denmark,  and  specially  noted 
for  the  religious  depth,  delicacy,  and  patriotic  enthusiasm  of 
his  verse 43       458 

Bergsoe,  J.  V.  (1835-),  naturalist,  poet,  and  novelist  of  great  origin- 
ality and  rich  imagination - ....  4  2         56 

Thomsen,  Vilhelm  Ludvig  Peder  (1842-),  a  Danish  philologist,  author 
of  Magyar,  Germanic,  Russian,  and  other  studies  of  special 
interest  and  value 43        524 

Brandes  (1842-),  the  most  conspicuous  figure  of  literary  Denmark, 
and  of  what  he  calls  the  Modern  Awakening,  is  a  Jew  by  race, 
a  critic  simply  in  his  work,  and  one  of  the  greatest  living  in- 
terpreters of  literature  as  the  expression  of  the  human  mind.  He 
ranks  with  Holberg  and  Oehlenschlager  as  a  creator  of  literary 
advance  in  Denmark,  and  a  powerful  influence  for  progress  in 
•  the  culture  of  the  Scandinavian  countries 5  2299-2310 


NORWEGIAN  LITERATURE  Ixxxv 

Drachmann  (1846-),  author  of  forty-six  volumes  of  poems,  dramas, 
novels,  short  stories,  and  sketches,  represents  what  is  known 
as  «the  new  era>^  in  Danish  literature.  His  most  important 
work  is  largely  autobiographical.  His  best  poems  and  tales 
are  those  dealing  with  the  sea  and  the  life  of  the  sailor,  fisher- 
man,  and  voyager 12  4840-50 

Jacobsen,  Jens  Peter  (1847-85),  a  Danish  naturalist  and  realistic 
novelist,  author  of  tales  of  great  merit  in  plot,  construction, 
and  style 42        286 

Brandes,  Edvard  (1847-),  Danish  dramatist,  story-writer,  and  essayist.  42  72 

Recke,  Ernst  von  der  (1848-),  a  Danish  romantic  poet,  author  of 
dramas,  lyrics,  a  tragic  opera,  and  of  books  on  the  art  of  Dan- 
ish versification 43       453 

Christiansen,  Arne  Einar  (1861-),  a  Danish  poet,  author  of  come- 
dies, tragedies,  historical  and  dramatical  plays  in  verse,  marked 
by  free  play  of  the  author's  genius 42        108 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Norwegian  Literature  goes  back  into  Danish  as  American 
does  into  English,  because  of  the  fact  that  Denmark  and  Nor- 
way were  not  politically  separate  until  181 4,  and  the  greatest 
name  in  Danish  literature,  that  of  Holberg,  stood  for  Norway  in 
fact,  because  of  the  birth  on  Norwegian  soil  of  the  poet  who 
bore  it.  When  the  Norwegian  people  became  partly  separated 
from  Denmark,  the  earliest  Norse  patriotism  in  literature  was 
that  of  Norwegian  genius. 

Bjerregaard,  Henrik  Anker  (i  792-1 842),  Norwegian  dramatic  poet  of 

very  influential  position 42         61 

Keyser,  Jakob  Rudolph  (1803-64),  one  of  the  foremost  of  Norwegian 
historians ;  author  of  histories  of  Norway  and  of  the  Norwegian 
ChurcR  under  Catholicism  and  of  other  important  historical 
studies 4  3       303 

Welhaven  (1807-73),  the  first  to  malce  a  name  of  distinction  after 
Wergeland,  began  his  career  as  a  critic  of  Wergeland,  and 
contributed  to  Norwegian  literature  a  large  number  of  valuable 
critical  studies,  and  a  body  of  finished  and  exquisite  poetry, 
second  only  to  that  of  Bjomson  and  Ibsen 38   15779-89 

Wergeland  (1808-45),  who  published  in  1830  a  lyrical  drama  en- 
titled «The  Creation,  Man,  and  Messiah, »  and  whose  other 
work,  extremely  emotional,  patriotic,  and  free,  was  voluminous 
in  amount,  but  not  exemplary  in  literary  finish 38    15779 

Munch,  Peder  Andreas  (1810-63),  a  distinguished  Norwegian  historian, 
antiquary,  and  philologist,  university  professor  at  Christiania; 
his  masterpiece  the  <  History  of  the  Norwegian   People  > 43       396 


Ixxxvi  NORWEGIAN   LITERATURE 

Munch,  Andreas  (1811-84),  a  Norwegian  poet  and  dramatist,  a  uni' 
versity  professor  at  Christiania;  author  of  popular  poems, 
dramas,    and   prose  studies  43       396 

Asbjornsen  (1812-85),  a  Norwegian  scientist  of  distinction  in  zoology 
and  deep-sea  exploration;  became  still  more  famous  as  the 
author  of  *■  Norwegian  Folk  Tales  >  and  <  Norwegian  Fairy  Tales 
and  Folk  Legends,*  published  in  1842-45.  He  was  widely  active 
for  twenty  years  in  connection  with  the  forestry  and  turf  indus- 
try interests  of  Norway,  and  used  his  experience  of  nature  and  of 
the  people  to  give  the  stories  which  he  retold  a  delightfully  real- 
istic setting.    Fine  examples  of  his  work  are  given  in  the  Library.  2    905-16 

Moe,  Jorgen  Ingebrektsen  (1813-80),  a  Norwegian  bishop  and  poet, 
author  of  poems  and  stories  for  children,  and  of  a  collection  of 
popular  fairy  tales  of  the  greatest  influence  on  Norwegian  lan- 
guage, literature,  and  art 43        386 

Collet,  Jakobine  Camilla  (1813-),  a  Norwegian  novelist  of  very  wide 
popularity,  and  notable  for  her  championship  of  the  political 
emancipation  of   women 42        115 

Aasen,  Ivar  Andreas  (1813-),  Norwegian  philologist  and  poet,  noted 

for  efforts  to  create  a  new  Norwegian   in  place  of    Danish..  4  2  i 

Colban,  Adolphine  Marie  (1814-84),  a  Norwegian  novelist,  author  of 
stories  and  tales  marked  by  fine  spiritual  insight  and  warm 
human  sympathy 42        1 14 

Friis,  Jens  Andreas  (1821-),  a  Norwegian  philologist,  ethnologist,  and 
sketch-writer,  author  of  exhaustive  investigations  of  the  lan- 
guage and  literature  of  the  Fins  and  Laps 42        203 

Lieblein,  Jens  Daniel  Carolus  (1827-),  a  Norwegian  Egyptologist, 
author  of  works  on  Egyptology  in  French,  German,  Swedish, 
and  Norwegian 43        342 

Ibsen  (1828-),  the  story  of  whose  authorship  and  large  examples  of 
whose  best  work  make  a  book  of  great  interest  in  the  Library, 
has  had  a  literary  career  of  nearly  half  a  century  (from  1849), 
although  his  marked  success  began  with  his  first  national  his- 
torical drama,  in  1856;  and  it  is  his  social  dramas,  in  which  he  " 
keenly  criticizes  the  conditions  of  modern  life,  which  have  gfV^en 
him  his  fame  throughout  the  world.  His  dramatic  poems, 
<  Brand  >  and  <  Peer  Gynt,  >  are  'regarded  by  many  of  his 
countrymen  as  his  greatest  work.  <Peer  Gynt*  has  been  called 
the   Scandinavian   <  Faust  * 20  7839-64 

Bjornson  (1832-),  to  whom  the  Library  devotes  nine  pages  of  most 
interesting  story  and  fifteen  pages  giving  eight  fine  examples  of 
both  poetry  and  prose,  shares  with  Ibsen  the  highest  honors  of 
Norwegian  literature.  He  more  distinctly  represents  Norwegian 
life  and  character;  and  as  a  thinker  and  prophet  in  religious, 
educational,  and  political  matters,  he  is  of  the  highest  rank. 
His  fine  peasant  tales  were  his  earliest  work;  then  came  a 
series  of  plays  dealing  with  social  problems;  and  his  greatest 
,     triumphs  followed  in  a  series  of  powerful  novels 5  1959-82 


ICELANDIC   LITERATURE  Ixxxvii 

Lie*  (1833-),  who  ranks  in  Norway  with  Ibsen  and  Bjornson,  and  a 
number  of  whose  novels  and  short  stories  have  appeared  in 
English,  is  especially  famous  for  his  stories  of  the  sea  and  of 
the  fisher-folk  whose  life  is  on  the  sea 23  9048-58 

Daae,  Ludvig  (1834-),  Norwegian  historian,  author  of  important  Norse 

annals  and  sketches 42        1 28 

Dietrickson,  Lorents  H.  S.  (1834-),  Norwegian  poet  and  historian,  au- 
thor of  writings  of  high  authority  on  art  and  literature 42        144 

Janson,  Kristofer  Nagel  (1841-),  a  Norwegian  educator  and  poet,  set- 
tled in  America  since  1881,  author  of  popular  lyrics  and  stories.  42        287 

Meyn,  Antoinette,  a  recent  Norwegian  popular  writer,  most  of  whose 

works  have  been  translated  into  both  Swedish  and  German.  . .  .43        381 

Boyesen  (1848-95),  who  came  to  America  for  his  life-work  at  the  age 
of  twenty-one,  was  yet  strongly  and  delightfully  Norse  in  his 
idyls  of  Norway,  his  stories  of  Norse  life,  his  juvenile  tales, 
and  his  critical  work,  of  which  his  introduction  to  Ibsen's  works 
is  a  singularly  fine  example 5  2272-78 

Kielland  (1849-),  who  represents  a  new  movement  in  Norwegian 
literature,  uses  the  language  of  his  country  as  no  one  before 
had  used  it,  for  delicacy  of  touch,  clearness,  and  refinement;  and 
in  his  novels  he  shows  a  strong  and  bold  tendency  to  emanci- 
pate progress  from  prevailing  political  and  religious  limitations.  2 1   8565-72 

Garborg  (1851-),  another  man  of  the  new  school  in  Norway,  repre- 
sents thorough  Norse  speech  and  culture  in  a  distinctive  way. 
He  discards  Danish  as  the  language  of  Norse  culture,  and  seeks 
to  make  a  literary  speech  based  on  the  peasant  dialects  of 
Norway.  <  Peasant  Students  >  is  his  greatest  novel.  His  ex- 
treme religious  and  social  radicalism  cost  him  his  government 
position  and  led  him  to  settle  in  Germany 15  6185-94 

Nansen  (1861-),  a  physician  and  zoologist,  who  was  led  by  a  voyage 
of  observation  of  animal  life  in  the  extreme  North,  and  by 
travel  in  Greenland,  to  become  an  Arctic  explorer,  not  only  had 
great  success  in  his  device  of  a  ship  suited  to  Arctic  ice  condi- 
tions, but  also  in  the  sledge  journey  to  within  four  degrees  of 
the  Pole,  and  in  his  account  published  in  < Farthest  North >.  .27  10555-64 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Icelandic  Literature,  representing  what  is  probably  the  oldest 
spoken  language  in  Europe,  has  in  the  Library  a  double  book, 
under  <  Icelandic  Literature:  the  Sagas  >  (Vol.  xx,  7865-95); 
and  under  <  The  Eddas:  Icelandic  >  (Vol.  xiii,  5113-44);  a  book 
of  sixty-three  pages,  telling  the  story  of  Iceland  in  its  character- 
istic literature,  during  the  Middle-Age   time  embraced  under  the 

*  Pronounced  I<ee, 


Ixxxviii  DUTCH  LITERATURE 

ninth-thirteenth  centuries  (A.  D.  800-1300).     The  following  names 
are  of  note  in  the  story  of  letters  in  Iceland:  — 

Glum,  Eyjolfsson  (940-1003),  an  Icelandic  bard,  famous  for  a  poem 
orally  transmitted  until  it  was  put  in  writing  in  the  thirteenth 
century 42        221 

Egill  Skallagrimsson,  a  celebrated  Iceland  skald  of  the  tenth  cen- 
tury  42       165 

Ari  Thorgilsson  (1067-1148),  the  father  of  Icelandic  literature,  in  his 
<  Islendingabok  >  the  first  to  use  his  mother  tongue  as  a  literary 
medium 42         24 

Saemund   the  Learned,  an  Icelandic  scholar  of  the  twelfth  century,  of 

note  for  his  connection  with  the  Elder  Edda 43       475 

Egilsson,  Sveinbjorn  (1791-1852),  an  Icelandic  scholar  and  critic,  au- 
thor of  a  poetic  lexicon  of  Icelandic  and  of  a  series  of  Icelandic 
historical  works 42        165 

Arnason,  J6n  (1819-88),  is  a  recent  Icelandic  author  of  distinction, 
who  published  < Icelandic  Tales)  in  1852,  and  ^Icelandic  Popu- 
lar Legends  and  Tales*  in  1862-64.  The  latter  work  is  an 
exhaustive  collection  of  tales,  singularly  rich  in  its  showing  of 
the  life  and  spirit  of  Iceland.  Several  of  the  tales  are  given 
as  examples  in  the  Library 2    802-12 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Dutch  Literature  in  Holland  has  a  magnificent  opening  in 
the  Library  in  Hon.  Andrew  D.  White's  finely  critical  story  of 
the  greatest  of  humanists,  Erasmus  of  Rotterdam  (1465-1536), 
a  story  filling  thirteen  pages,  and  followed  by  fifteen  pages  of 
choice  examples  of  the  great  author's  famous  writings  (Vol.  xiv, 
5509-37).  Two  important  notices  of  Erasmus  appear  also  in  the 
<  Synopses  of  Noted  Books*  (pp.  126,  454),  and  a  third  sketch,  a 
concise  biographical  notice,  in  Vol.  xlii,  p.  172.  Erasmus  wrote 
in  Latin,  for  the  scholars  and  reading  people  of  all  Europe.  He 
belongs  to  England,  in  the  story  of  his  great  career  as  a  scholar 
and  writer,  more  than  to  any  other  nation.  Other  names  of 
Dutch  origin  are  as  follows:  — 

Castelein,  Matthijs  de  (1485-1550),  Dutch  poet;  author  of  plays  and 
ballads,  and  of  an  <Art  of  Rhetoric,*  accepted  as  an  author- 
ity   42  97 

Marnix,  Philipp  van  (1538-98),  a  Dutch  statesman  and  satirist,  prom- 
inent in  the  liberation  of  the  Netherlands;  author  of  a  popular 
song  < William  of  Nassau,*  and  of   <The  Beehive  of  the  Holy 


DUTCH  I.ITERATURE  Ixxxix 

Church   of   Rome,*  a   satire   on   Catholicism,  which  became   a 

Dutch  prose  classic 43        369 

Coornhert,  Dirck  Volckertsen  (1522-90),  a  Dutch  scholar  and  poet, 
author  of  songs,  dramas,  translations  from  the  classics  and 
from  Boccaccio 42        120 

Lipsius,  Justus  (i 547-1606),  a  celebrated  Dutch  humanist,  author  of 
important  editions  of  Latin  writers,  and  of  a  large  number  of 
original  treatises  and  essays 43        344 

Voss,  Gerhard  Johann  (1577-1649),  a  celebrated  Dutch  philologist, 
author  of  a  very  famous  <  Institutes  of  Oratory,*  and  of  a  large 
variety  of  important  classical  studies 43        553 

Cats  (1 577-1660),  a  Dutch  poet  of  about  the  time  of  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers,  who  were  exiles  in  Holland  during  the  twelve  years 
1608-20;  he  has  a  niche  of  interest  in  the  Library 8  3353-58 

Hooft  (1581-1647)  figures  as  the  «father  of  Dutch  poetry,»  and  as 
the  author  of  a  <  History  of  the  Netherlands,*  published  in 
1642,  and  accounted  a  Dutch  classic 19  7610-12 

Barlseus,  Kaspar  van  (1584-1648),  a  Dutch  scholar,  historian,  and  poet.  4  2         42 

Brederoo,  G.  A.  (1585-1618),  Dutch  dramatist,  and  poet  ..'. 42         73 

Vondel  (1587-1679),  Holland's  greatest  poet,  whose  masterpiece,  < Lu- 
cifer,* published  in  1654,  Milton  is  supposed  to  have  had  before 
him,  in  many  parts  of  <  Paradise  Lost,*  is  presented  in  the 
Library  by  the  story  of  his  genius  and  by  fine  examples  from 
his  great  work 38   15491-98 

Huygens,  Constantyn  (i 596-1687),  a  Dutch  writer,  private  secretary 
to  the  Prince  of  Orange,  author  of  poems  in  Dutch,  Italian, 
French,  and  Latin,  and  of  memoirs,  essays  on  music,  and 
State  papers 42        281 

Zevecot,  Jacob  (1604-46),  a  Dutch  poet  and  dramatist,  author  of 
elegies,  tragedies,  and  various  short  poems,  and  considered  by 
his  contemporaries  the  greatest  Latin  poet  of  his  time 43        595 

Decker,  Jeremias   de  (1609-66),  a  Dutch   poet,   author  of  household 

poems  and   epigrams 42        136 

Anslo,  Reim6r  (1622-69),  Dutch  poet  of  the  school  of  Vondel,  one  of 

the  foremost  Dutch  poets  of  his  time ;  author  of  epics 42         20 

Spinoza,  Benedict  (1632-77),  a  Portuguese  Jew  by  race,  settled  at 
Amsterdam,  Holland;  excommunicated  from  the  synagogue  for 
heretical  freedom  of  thought,  and,  living  at  Leyden,  or,  later, 
near,  or  at.  The  Hague,  he  worked  out  a  system  of  philosophy 
and  ethics   which  had   a    great    influence 35  13785-804 

Rotgans,  Lucas  (1645-1710),  a  Dutch  poet,  author  of  an  epic  of  great 
merit,  portraying  William  of  Orange  (William  III.,  of  Eng- 
land), and  of  successful   tragedies 43       469 

Antonides  van  der  Goes,  Joannes  (1647-1684),  Dutch  poet,  a  notable 
disciple  of  Vondel,  and  famous  for  his  epic  glorifying  the  com- 
merce and   life  of  Amsterdam 42         21 

Effen,  Justus  van  (1684-1735),  a  Dutch  essayist,  notable  for  a  Dutch 

Spectator  (1731-35),  in  imitation  of  Steele  and  Addison 42       164 


xc  DUTCH  LITERATURE 

Haren,  Willem  van  (1710-68);  and  Onno  Zwier  van  (1713-72),  Dutch 
poets  and  statesmen,  the  former  notable  for  an  epic  poem,  and 
the  latter  for  a  masterpiece  of  Dutch  prose  in  his  <  William 
IV) 42        248 

Zweers,  Philip  (-1774),    Dutch   notary  and  poet,  author  of  dramas 

and   poems 4  3        600 

Bekker,    Elizabeth  (1738-1804),  a  Dutch  novelist. .42  51 

Fokke,  Simonsz  Arend  (1755-1812),  a  Dutch  essayist  of  extraordi- 
nary learning;  especially  celebrated  for  his  popular  scientific 
works  and   delightful   literary  satires .42        193 

Bilderdijk  (1756-1831),  a  lyric  poet  of  great  rhetorical  power,  and  a 
famous  Dutch  character  in  the  period  1775-1825 ;  added  nearly 
a  hundred  volumes  to  Dutch   literature 4  1884-92 

Bellamy,  Jacobus  (1757-86),  Dutch  patriotic,  and  romantic  poet 42         52 

Loosjes,  Adriaan  (1761-1818),  a  Dutch  poet  and  novelist,  author  of 
an  epic,  of  several  dramas,  and  of  historical  romances  which 
made  him  a  favorite  in  Holland 43        349 

Helmets,  Jan  Frederik  (1767-1813),  a  Dutch  poet  and  dramatist,  of 
note  for  his  patriotism  under  the  reverses  of  Holland  gfrowing 
out  of   the    Napoleonic  wars 42        258 

Kampen,  Nikolaas  Godfried  van  (1776-1839),  an  eminent  Dutch 
scholar  of  vast  learning  in  the  history  and  literature  of  his 
country,  university  professor  at  Leyden,  and  author  of  extremely 
valuable   historical  works 43        296 

Jonge,  Johannes  Cornelis  de  (1793-1853);  Johan  Karel  Jacob  de 
(1827-80),  father  and  son,  authors  of  very  valuable  studies  in 
Dutch   history 42        292 

Limburg-Brouwer,  Petrus  van  (1795-1847),  an  eminent  Dutch  scholar, 
author  of  two  fine  historical  novels  of  ancient  Greek  life,  and 
of  a  valuable  work  on  the  Moral  and  Religious  Civilization  of 
the  Greeks;  Petrus,  Abraham  (1829-73),  son  of  the  above,  and 
author  of  the  Oriental  romance,  <Akbar,  >  showing  most  intimate 
knowledge  of   Indian   literature 43        343 

Bogaers,  Adriaan  (1795-1870),  Dutch  poet,  eminent  for  rare  qual- 
ity   ' 42         65 

Costa,  Isaak  da  (i 798-1 860),  Dutch  poet  and  theological  writer  of  very 

high  rank  in  recent  Dutch  literature 42        122 

Coster,  Samuel  (i 579-1662),  a  Dutch  dramatist,  author  of  tragedies, 
but  best  known  for  his  delightful  comedies ;  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Dutch  Academy 42        122 

Bergh,  P.  T.  H.  van  den  (1799-1873),  Dutch  dramatist  and  poet 42  56 

Haar,  Bernard  ter  (1806-80),  a  Dutch  poet,  university  professor  of 
church  history,  author  of  studies  on  Christianity  and  its  de- 
velopment   42        242 

Heije,  Jan  Pieter  (1809-76),  a  prominent  physician  in  Amsterdam;  au- 
thor of  songs  for  children,  and  songs  for  the  people,  with  Other 
works  strongly  national  and  of  great  influence  upon  popular 
melody 42       258 


DUTCH  LITERATURE  xci 

Goeverneur,  Jan  Jacob  Antonie  (1809-89),  Dutch  poet,  author  of  poems 

for  children,  of  universal  popularity  in  the  Netherlands 42        223 

Bosboom,  Anna  L.  G.  (1812-86),  a  Dutch  novelist,  notably  successful 

in  historical  scenes  and  in  characters i .....  4  2         68 

Loman,  Abraham  Dirk  (1813-),  a  Dutch  theologian,  university  pro- 
fessor at  Amsterdam,  one  of  the  foremost  Dutch  radical  critics 
of  the  Scriptures,  author  of  very  advanced  study  of  the  records 
of  Christianity 4  3       348 

Beets,  Nicolaas  (1814-),  Dutch  author  of  poems,  tales,  sketches,  and 

criticism,  a  prose-writer  of  rare  excellence 42  51 

Hofdyk,  Willem  Jakobsz  (1816-88),  a  Dutch  village  schoolmaster,  col- 
lege instructor  in  history  and  literature  in  Amsterdam;  author 
of  numerous  and  valuable  historical  Dutch  studies,  and  of  nar- 
rative poems  of  high  character 42        267 

Jonckbloet,  Willem  Jozef  Andreas  (1817-85),  an  eminent  Dutch  critic, 
essayist,  and  historian  of  literature;  editor  of  standard  editions 
of  Dutch  classics ;  and  author  of  exhaustive  and  masterly  studies 
in  Dutch  literature 42        292 

Ten  Kate,  Jan  Jacob  (1819-),  a  Dutch  poet,  translator,  and  philosoph- 
ical writer;  author  of  a  remarkable  series  of  translations  from 
English,  Italian,  Swedish,  German,  and  French  poets,  of  several 
collections  of  original  poems,  and  of  religious  and  philosophical 
treatises 43        518 

Dekker  (1820-87)  became  famous  by  a  remarkably  powerful  story, 
<Max  Havelaar,>  published  in  i860,  the  purpose  of  which  was 
unsparing  exposure  of  the  Dutch  treatment  of  the  natives  of 
Java II  4513-20 

Alberdingk-Thijm,  Josephus  Albertus  (1820-89),  Dutch  poet  and  art 
critic,  professor  at  Amsterdam,  and  author  of  masterly  sketches 
and  tales 42  9 

Huet,  Coenraad  Busken  (1826-86),  a  Dutch  journalist  and  miscellaneous 
writer,  author  of  numerous  essays,  stories,  and  literary  criticisms, 
which  have  given  him  a  high  place  in  European  literature ....  4  2       278 

Vosmaer,  Carl  (1826-88),  a  Dutch  journalist,  novelist,  artist,  and  writer 
on  art;  best  known  for  his  novel  <The  Amazon >;  author  of  a 
translation  of  the  Iliad  and  Odyssey 43        552 

Cremer,  Jacobus  Jan  (1827-80),  Dutch  novelist,  author  of  a  series  of 

stories  of  Dutch  rural  life,  marked  by  natural  humor 42        124 

Tiedge,  Cornells  Petrus  (1830-),  a  Dutch  historical  writer  and  Orien- 
talist, author  of  works  contributing  to  knowledge  of  ancient  re- 
ligions in  Asia 43       526 

Faasen,  Pieter  (1833-),  a  Dutch  playwright,  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
actors  of  his  time,  and  author  of  very  successful  plays  remark- 
able for  character-drawing , 42        177 

Brink,  Jan  ten  (1834-),  Dutch  novelist  and  literary  critic 42     .    75 

Haver-Schmidt,  Francois  (1835-94),  Dutch  popular  writer;  author  of 
realistic  novels  and  tales  of  Dutch  life,  and  of  parodies,  sketches, 
and  love  songs,  universally  popular 42       253 


xcii  FLEMISH   LITERATURE 

Heuff,  Az  Johan  Adrian  (1843-),  Dutch  civil  engineer,  author  of  hu- 
morous novels  and  sketches,  of  satires  and  caricatures,  and  of 
historical  romances 42       263 

Emants,  Marcellus  (1848-),  a  Dutch  poet  and  descriptive  writer;  au- 
thor of  travels,  and  of  charming  narrative  poems 42        169 

Maartens  (1858-),  a  novelist  of  rare  power,  from  four  of  whose  works 
examples  are  given  in  the  Library ;  from  his  first  appearance 
as  a  writer,  in  1890,  has  used,  not  his  own  Dutch  tongue,  but 
English,  writing  all  his  books  in  English,  and  looking  to  Eng- 
land and  America  for  his  market 23  9357-72 

Eeden,  Frederik  van  (i860-),  a  Dutch  poet  famous  for  graphic  and 

original  studies  of  nature 42        164 

Grein,  J.  T.  (1862-),  a  Dutch  writer,  author  of  novels,  dramatic 
essays,  and  short  stories  in  Dutch;  editor  of  Dutch  papers  in 
Holland,  but  resident  in  London,  and  a  writer  of  English  dra- 
matic criticisms 42       233 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Flemish  Literature,  as  a  branch  of  culture  in  the  Nether- 
lands, has  some  names  of  a  remote  past,  although  its  larger  signifi- 
cance belongs  to  recent  times.    The  names  to  be  noted  are  these :  — 

Maerlant,    Jakob    van    (1235-gi),    a    Flemish   poet,    founder   of   the 
didactic  school  of   poetry  in  the  Netherlands,   and  called   the  - 
^father  of  Dutch  poetry  » 43       361 

Bijns,  Anna  (1494-1575),  Flemish  poet  known  as  «the  Sappho  of  Bra- 
bant >> 42         59 

Mercator,  Gerhard  (1512-94),  a  celebrated  Flemish  geographer,  in- 
ventor of  the  « Mercator  system  >^  familiar  in  our  atlases,  and 
author  of  works  which  made  an  epoch  in  geographical  science. 43       379 

Duyse,  Prudens  van  (1804-59),  a  very  prolific  Flemish  poet,  author  of 
epics,  lyrics,  and  dramas,  and  of  valuable  works  on  Flemish 
history 42       159 

£crevisse,  Peter  (1804-79),  a  Flemish  novelist  noted  for  power  of 
description,  and  author  of  important  historical  and  society 
novels 42        162 

Ledeganck,  Karel  Lodewyk  (1805-47),  a  Flemish  poet,  one  of  the 
most  popular  of  Flemish  writers,  and  notable  for  his  poetic 
story  of  Ghent,  Bruges,  and  Antwerp 43        332 

Hasselt,  Andre  H    C.   van  (1806-74),  a  Belgian  poet  and  historian, 

author  of  studies  in  Belgian  history  and  literature 42        252 

Alvin,  Louis  Joseph  (1806-87),  Belgian  poet,  art  critic,  and  librar- 
ian   42  6 

Jenneval    (Louis   Dechez)    (1808-30),   a    French-Belgian    song-writer, 

famous  for  his  ^Brabangonne,'  the  Belgian  national  hymn 42       289 


FLEMISH   LITERATURE  xciii 

Blommaert,    Philipp   (1809-71),    Flemish  historian  and  poet,  notable 

for  efforts  to  make  Flemish  a  literary  tongue 42         63 

Laurent,  Francois  (1810-87),  a  Belgian  jurist  and  historical  writer; 
author  of  works  on  law,  municipal  and  international,  and  in 
defense  of  liberal  principles  against  the  Clericals 43       329 

The  more  distinctive  recent  Flemish  literature  dates  from 
the  separation  of  Belgium  from  Holland  by  the  revo- 
lution of  1830.  The  master-spirit  of  the  new  litera- 
ture was  Henri  Conscience  (1812-83),  who  has  been 
called  the  Walter  Scott  of  Flanders.  He  first  threw 
aside  the  French  language  to  make  Flemish  a  lan- 
guage of  culture 10  395  7-7  2 

Clesse,  Antoine    (1816-89),  a   Belgian  armorer;  a  popular  author  of 

ballads,  songs,  and  a  comedy 42        112 

Thonissen,  Jean  Joseph  (1817-91),  a  Belgian  jurist  and  political  econ- 
omist; university  professor  at  Louvain;  author  of  historical, 
political,  and  social  studies  of  great  interest 43        524 

Kervyn  de  Lettenhove,  Josef  Marie  (1817-91),  a  Belgian  historian, 
notable  for  his  <  History  of  Flanders  >  and  other  historical 
works 43        302 

Kerkhoven,  Petrus  Frans  van  (1818-57),  a  Flemish  journalist  and 
miscellaneous  writer;  author  of  numerous  poems,  tragedies, 
comedies,  romances,  and  novels 43        302 

Beers,  Jan  van  (1821-88),  a  Flemish  poet,  from  i860  professor  at  the 

Athenaeum  at  Antwerp 42         51 

Laveleye,  ]^mile  de  (1822-92),  a  Belgian  literary  historian  and  econo- 
mist; author  of  a  valuable  study  of  Provengal  language  and 
literature,  and  of  important  economic,  social,  and  monetary 
writings 43       330 

Grayson,  £mile  (1823-),  a  Belgian  poet  and  educational  official  in 
Brussels;  author  of  essays,  stories,  and  poems,  translations, 
and  literary  papers  which  have  given  him  a  European  repu- 
tation   42       233 

De  Coster,  Charles  T.  H.  (1827-79),  a  Belgian  poet,  reflecting  Flem- 
ish traditions  and  Brabant  life 42        136 

Geiregat,  Pieter  (1828-),  Flemish  journalist,  novelist,  and  dramatist; 
author  of  sketches,  stories,  and  plays,  notably  successful  in 
delineating  Flemish  character  and  reproducing  Flemish  his- 
tory   42        212 

Hymans,  Louis  (1829-84),  a  Belgian  journalist  of  distinction;  author 
of  popular  novels  and  poems,  and  of  political  and  popular 
histories  of    Belgium 42       281 

Cort,  Frans  de  (1834-78),  eminent  Flemish  poet;  author  of  origi- 
nal homely  lyrics  of  very  rare  quality,  and  of  a  translation 
into  Flemish  of  the  finest  songs  of  Robert  Burns 42       121 


xciv  AUSTRIAN   LITERATURE 

Hiel,  Emanuel  (1834-),  a  Flemish  poet;  professor  of  rhetoric  and 
music  at  Brussels;  prominent  in  political  reform;  and  author 
of  dramatic  compositions,  oratorios,  and  highly  popular  poems.  .42        264 

Droogenbroeck,    Jan    van    (1835- ),    an    eminent    Flemish    educator, 

author  of  poems  and  poetic  studies  of    great    interest ..42        152 

Daems,   Servaas   Domien   (1838-),   a  recent  Flemish  poet,  author  of 

<  Luit  en   Fluit  > 42        129 

Antheunis,  Gentil  Theodoor  (1840-),  a  Flemish  poet;  author  of  lyrics 

many  of  which  have  been  set  to  music 42         21 

Fredericq,  Paul  (1850-),  a  Belgian  historian,  author  of  scholarly 
and  liberal  studies  of  special  Flemish  and  Netherland  inter- 
est  42       201 

Eekhoud  (1854-)  represents  a  Belgian  French  school,  using  French 
and  yet  seeking  to  be  Flemish.  A  journalist  and  a  poet,  he 
is  best  known  by  his  novels  and  tales,  large  and  fine  examples 
from  which  are  given  in  the  Library 13  5189-214 

Rodenbach,  George  (185 5-),  a  Belgian  journalist  and  poet,  noted  for 
the  delicacy  of  his  sentiment  and  the  grace  of  his  style ;  author 
of  an  important  historical  poem  entitled  < Belgium > 43       463 

Maeterlinck  (1864-),  Flemish  poet,  novelist,  dramatist,  and  essayist, 
is  of  the  same  Flemish  French  school,  and  an  author  of  very 
original  and  interesting  character.  Large  examples  of  his  re- 
markable work  are  given  in  the  Library 24  9541-63 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Austrian  Literature  stands  with  German  as  a  branch  of 
European  literature,  while  it  makes  close  connection  of  contiguity 
with  Hungarian  and  Czech  or  Bohemian,  through  the  political 
union  of  Austria-Hungary,  The  specially  Austrian  record  has 
names  of  note  as  follows:  — 

Alxinger,  Johann  Baptist  von  (1755-97).  Austrian  poet,  notable  for  his 

epics 42         16 

Collin,  Heinrich  Joseph  von  (1771-1811),  Austrian  dramatist  and  lyrical 
poet ;  author  of  tragedies,  historical  ballads,  and  powerful  war- 
songs 42        115 

Metternich,  Prince  (1773-1859),  a  celebrated  Austrian  statesman, 
dominant  in  Continental  politics  during  the  years  1814-44;  chan- 
cellor of  the  Austrian  Empire  1821-48;  author  of  writings,  and 
an  autobiography  of  great  historical  interest 43       380 

Littrow,  Josef  Johann  von  (1781-1840),  an  Austrian  astronomer,  and 
astronomical  popular  lecturer;  author  of  works  very  effective 
for  the  diffusion  of  astronomical  knowledge 43       345 

Castelli,  Ignaz  Franz  (1781-1862),  Austrian  poet,  author  of  war-songs 

and  of  a  great  niomber  of  popular  theatrical  pieces 42         97 


AUSTRIAN   LITERATURE  XCV 

Bauerle,  Adolf  (1784-1859),  Austrian  dramatist  and  novelist;  founder 

of  the  Vienna  Theatre  Gazette  (1804-47) 42         47 

Ebert,  Karl  Egon  (1801-82),  an  Austrian  poet  and  dramatist;  author 
of  fine  lyrics  and  ballads,  and  of  elegant  and  popular  longer 
poems 42        161 

Zingerle,  Pius  (1801-81),  Austrian  theological  writer  and*  Orientalist, 
university  professor  of  Arabic  and  Syriac  at  Rome,  author  of 
valuable  translations  from  the  Syriac  and  of  aids  to  Syriac 
study 43        597 

Braun  von  Braunthal  (1802-66),  Austrian  dramatist  and  novelist 42         73 

Bauernfeld,  E.  von  (1802-go),  Austrian  dramatist,  author  of  brilliant 

comedies 42         47 

Haffner,  Karl    (1804-76),  an  Austrian  actor  arid  playwright  of  great 

eminence;  author  of  about  100  dramatic  pieces 42        242 

Ziegler,  Carl  (1812-77),  Austrian  poet,  of  high  rank  as  an  author  of 

lyrics,  hymns,  and  rhapsodies,  full  of  thought  and  feeling 43        596 

Miklosich,  Franz  von  (1813-91),  an  Austrian  scholar;  university  pro- 
fessor at  Vienna ;  founder  of  Slavic  philology ;  author  of  a  com- 
parative grammar,  and  a  dictionary  of  the  Slavic  languages; 
and  of  <  Dialects  and  Wanderings  of  the  Gipsies  of  Europe  \  .  .  4  3        382 

Ambros,  August  Wilhelm  (1816-76),  Austrian  writer  on  music,  partic- 
ularly notable  for  his  great  unfinished  <  History  of  Music  > 42  16 

Pichler,  Adolf  (1819-),  an  Austrian  poet  and  naturalist,  author  of 
narratives  of  the  revolutionary  troubles  of  1848,  and  of  poems, 
hymns,  epigrams,  and  personal  recollections 43        429 

Arneth,  Alfred  von  (1819-97),  Austrian  historian,  scientist,  and  political 

leader 42  25 

Carneri,  Bartholomaus  von  (1821-),  an  Austrian  poet  of  great  popu- 
larity ;  author  also  of  ethical  studies 42         95 

Hartmann,  Moritz  (1821-72),  Austrian  poet  of  Bohemian  freedom,  and 

ardent  social  reformer 42        251 

Ehrlich,  Alfred  Heinrich  (i822-),an  Austrian  musician,  novelist,  and 
writer  on  music ;  author  of  a  critical  study  of  <  Musical  Esthet- 
ics)   42        165 

Zingerle,  Ignaz  Vincenz  (1825-92),  Austrian  poet  and  story-writer, 
university  professor  at  Innsbruck,  author  of  Tyrolese  and  other 
studies 43        597 

Eckardt,  Ludwig  (1827-71),  Austrian  literary  historian,  essayist,  and 
dramatist;  author  of  critical  and  biographical  studies  which 
have  given  him  distinction  as  a  scholar * 42        162 

Kramer,  Alfred  von  (1828-),  an  Austrian  Orientalist  of  experience  as 
a  diplomat  in  Syria  and  Egypt,  professor  at  Vienna  of  modern 
Arabic,  and  author  of  valuable  Oriental  studies 43        315 

Ebner-Eschenbach,  Baroness  Marie  von  (1830-),  an  eminent.  Austrian 
novelist  and  poet;  author  of  dramas,  but  especially  of  novels, 
which  place  her  among  the  great  writers '42        161 

Hamerling,  Robert  (1830-89),  an  Austrian  poet  of  great  distinction;  au- 
thor of  poems,  plays,  and  romances 42       246 


xcvi  HUNGARIAN   LITERATURE 

Fedkovic,  Joseph   H.   (1834-88),  a  poet  and  story-writer  of  Austria, 

author  of  poems  and  stories  in  his  native  Ruthenian 42        182 

Sacher-Masoch,  Leopold  Ritter  von  (1835-95),  an  Austrian  novelist, 
author  of  very  numerous  stories  showing,  great  powers  of  realis- 
tic description 43       475 

Felder,  Franz  Michael  (1839-69),  an  Austrian  story- writer ;  a  common 
field  laborer,  but  notable  for  markedly  original  thought  and 
style 42        182 

Anzengruber,  Ludwig  (1839-89),  Austrian  dramatist  and  novelist; 
famous  for  his  creation  of  a  genuine  Austrian  national  drama, 
and  for  stories  of  village  life  in  Austria 42  21 

Scherer,  Wilhelm  (1841-86),  an  Austrian  literary  historian,  author  of 
a  valuable  <  History  of  German  Literature,*  a  <  History  of  Poetry 
in  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Centuries, >  and  other  literary 
studies 43       483 

Edler,  Karl  Erdmann  (1844-),  an  Austrian  novelist;  author  of  valuable 
historical  stories,  three  of  which  Lord  Lytton  translated  into 
English 42        163 

Christen,  Ada  (Breden,  Christiane)  (1844-),  an  Austrian  poet  and 
novelist,  especially  notable  for  her  book  of  tales  and  sketches 
called  <  From  Life  >  (1876) 42        108 

Chiavacci,  Vincenz   (1847-),  an  Austrian  humorist;  contributor,  since 

1883,  to  Vienna  journals,  of  a  series  of  notably  successful  volumes.  4  2        107 

Franzes,  Karl  Emil  (1848-),  an  Austrian  newspaper  correspondent; 
author  of  brilliantly  successful  travels,  and  of  extremely  popular 
novels 42        200 

Fournier,  August  (1850-),  Austrian  historian  of  distinction;  author  of 
a  biography  of  Napoleon,  and  of  other  important  biographies 
and  historical  studies 42        198 

Bahr,  Hermann  (1863-),  an  Austrian  dramatist,  novelist,  and  critic, 

strongly  opposed  to  recent  French  tendencies 42         35 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Hungarian  Literature  offers  to  European  and  to  universal 
interest  to-day  a  great  lyric  poet,  Petofi;  a  great  dramatist, 
Maddch;  and  two  ♦  prose-writers,  Eotvos  and  J6kai,  who  have 
been  most  notable  figures  in  the  nineteenth-century  story  of 
Hungary.  But  the  genius  of  the  Hungarian  race  had  long  ago 
made  a  record  in  song  and  thought  and  story,  to  which  interest 
in  letters  will  inevitably  look  back.  Of  this  record  the  following 
names  are  the  links:  — 

Zrinyi,  Count  Niklas  (1616-64),  Hungarian  soldier  and  poet;  author 

of  idyls,    songs,    an   epic,   and  essays  in  prose 43        599 


HUNGARIAN   LITERATURE  XCvii 

Feszler,  Ignaz  Aurelius  (1756-1839),  a  Hungarian  historian  and 
novelist;  author  of  notable  historical  novels,  and  of  an  im- 
portant <  History  of  Hungary  > 42        185 

Bacsdnyi,  Jdnos    (1763-1845),   a  Hungarian   journalist,    prose-writer, 

and  poet 42         34 

Kisfaludy,  Sdndor  (1772-1844),  a  celebrated  Hungarian  poet,  the 
first  great  poet  of  modern  Hungary,  notable  as  the  poet  of 
the   aristocracy 43        307 

Csokonay,  Vitez  Mihaly  (1773-1805),  a  Hungarian  poet,  notable  for 
his  attention  to  national  tradition,  and  especially  the  poet  of 
the   people ' 42        1 26 

Horvdth,  Andreas  (i  778-1839),  a  Hungarian  poet,  the  creator  of  the 
classic  epic  in  Hungarian  literature,  notable  for  his  heroic 
poem    < Arpad  > 42        274 

Dobrentey,  Gabriel  (1786-1851),  a  Hungarian  poet,  literary  journal- 
ist of  notable  influence  on  Magyar  literature,  and  a  poet  and 
historical   writer  of    great  importance 42        147 

Fdy,  Andreas  (i  786-1 864),  a  Hungarian  poet  of  very  great  popular- 
ity, and  an  author  of  novels  and  short  stories  which  place 
him  among  the  great  masters  of  Hungarian  prose 42        181 

Kisfaludy,  Kdroly  (1788-1830),  a  noted  Hungarian  poet  and  novel- 
ist, the  father  of  modern  Hungarian  drama;  author  of  fine 
tragedies  and  of  comedies  which  excel  as  bright  pictures  of 
modern  Hungarian  life;  notably  successful  also  as  a  lyric 
poet,   and  as  a   novelist  rich  in    humor 43        306 

Kolcsey,  Ferencz  ( 1790-1838 ),  author  of  ballads,  songs,  satires, 
short  novels,  and  critical  treatises;  and  in  character,  life,  and 
writings  one  of  the  noblest  of    Hungarians 43       311 

Teleki,  Count  Joseph  (1790-1855),  a  Hungarian  statesman  and  his- 
torian, author  of  a  history  covering  an  important  period  of 
Hungarian    story 43        518 

Katona,  Joseph  (i 792-1830),  a  Hungarian  dramatic  poet;  author  of 
<  Bank-Ban,  >  said  to  be  the  grandest  tragedy  Hungary  has  pro- 
duced   43        298 

J6sika,  Baron  Nikolaus  (1794-1865),  a  Hungarian  novelist;  author 
of  sketches  of  realistic  and  historical  novels,  vividly  portray- 
ing Hungarian  life,    manners,   legends,  and  antiquities 42        293 

Vorosmarty,  Mihdly  (1800-56),  a  celebrated  Hungarian  writer  and 
poet,  author  of  narrative  poems  which  established  his  reputa- 
tion as  the  first  Hungarian  poet  of  his  time 43        552 

Czuczor,  Gergely  <i8oo-66),  Hungarian  poet  and  philologist,  passion- 
ately national  in  his  sentiments,  and  especially  celebrated  for  his 
ballads  of  heroism 42        128 

Bajza,  Joseph  (1804-58),  Hungarian  poet,  critic,  and  editor  of  histor- 
ical collections 42         37 

Csdszdr,  Ferencz  (1807-58),  Hungarian  poet;  author  of  sonnets  and 
nautical  songs,  and  of  translations  from  Italian  into  Hun- 
garian.   42        129 

7 


xcviii  HUNGARIAN  LITERATURE 

Liszt,  Franz  (1811-86),  a  great  Hungarian  pianist  and  composer;  au- 
thor of  important  contributions  to  the  literature  of  music,  and 
of  several  volumes  of  letters  43        345 

Szalay,  Laszlo  (1813-64),  a  Hungarian  journalist;  successor  as  editor 
to  Kossuth  in  1844;  author  of  a  *  History  of  Hungary,*  and  of 
important  political  biogfraphies 43        513 

Erd^lyi,  Jdnos  (1814-68),  a  Hungarian  lyric  poet  and  folklorist;  au- 
thor of  verses  showing  taste  and  feeling,  and  of  legends  and 
tales  in  remarkably  fine  prose 42        172 

Eotvos  (1813-71),  a  poet,  journalist,  novelist,  of  the  highest  distinction, 
and  eminent  statesman,  has  counted  for  more  than  any  other 
Hungarian  as  a  force  in  the  stream  of  European  culture.  His 
great  novels,  <The  Carthusian  Monk>  and  <The  Village  No- 
tary,>  appeared  in  1837  and  1846.  A  fine  example,  ten  pages  in 
length,  from  the  second  of  these  masterpieces;  is  given  in  the 
Library 14   5484-96 

Kem6ny,  Zsigmond,  Baron  (1816-75),  an  eminent  Hungarian  journal- 
ist, publicist,  and  novelist;  author  of  psychological  studies,  ro- 
mances, and  political  writings  which  are  classics  in  Hungarian 
literature 43        300 

Beck,   Karl    (1817-79),    author   of  notably  perfect  Hungarian  poems, 

romances,   and  tales 42         49 

Arany,  Jdnos  (1817-82),  eminent  Hungarian  poet;  author  of  epics 
of  high  character,  and  of  ballads  and  translations  of  great 
merit 42  22 

Petofi  (1823-49)  stands  the  greatest  of  Hungarian  lyric  poets,  the 
Bums  of  Hungary,  but  far  more  than  Burns  the  universal  poet 
of  his  people;  a  popular  hero  as  well  as  poet,  the  author  of 
impassioned  revolutionary  lyrics,  who  fell  in  a  lost  battle,  and 
was  buried  among  the  unknown  dead 29   1 1347-56 

Maddch  (1823-64)  follows  Petofi,  the  chief  dramatist  of  Hungary; 
author  of  *The  Tragedy  of  Man,>  and  of  <  Moses,  >  two  most 
remarkable  dramas.  An  example  of  thirteen  pages  from  his 
*  Tragedy  of  Man*  is  given  in  the  Library 24  9515-30 

Palffy,  Albert  (1823-),  a  Hungarian  journalist,  novelist,  and  publicist 

of  great  influence  in  1848  as  a  patriotic  agitator .43       413 

J6kai  (1825-)  has  long  been  Hungary's  most  conspicuous  prose-writer ; 
a  poet,  a  great  novelist,  an  eminent  journalist,  a  humorist  of 
distinction,  and  a  consummate  parliamentary  speaker.  His 
fiftieth  anniversary  as  an  author  was  celebrated  in  1896.  Over 
three  hundred  volumes  from  his  pen  have  gfiven  in  picture 
every  aspect  of  the  life  of  Hungary 2 1  8331-40 

Kanitz,  Philipp  Felix  (1829-),  a  Hungarian  explorer,  ethnographical 
and  archaeological  writer;  author  of  a  series  of  works  on  Servia, 
Bulgaria,  Herzegovina,  Montenegfro,  etc.,  greatly  contributing 
to  accurate  knowledge  of  Slavic  countries 43        297 

Agai,   Adolf  (1836-),    eminent  Hungarian  humorist,  editor  of    <  Borz- 

sem  Jank6,>  John  Peppercorn,  an  Hungarian  comic  paper 42  6 


CZECH   LITERATURE  XCIX 

Beniczky-Bajza,  Illona  (1840-),  prolific  Hungarian  novelist,  daugh- 
ter of  the  critic  Joseph  Bajza 42         53 

Csiky,  Gregor  (1842-91),  Hungarian  dramatist;  author  of  novels,  pop- 
ular tragedies,  very  successful  comedies,  and  translations  of 
plays  from  Greek,  Latin,  French,  and  English 42        126 

Berezik,  Arpdd  (1842-),  Hungarian  dramatist  and  critic 42  55 

Frakn5i,  Wilhelm  (1843-),  Hungarian  historian,  author  of  biographical 

and  historical  studies  of  extreme  historic  interest 42        198 

Hevesi,  Ludwig  (1843-),  a  Hungarian  story-writer  and  humorist;  au- 
thor of  works  in  both  Hungarian  and  German,  and  founder  of 
the  universally  read  Magyar  comic   paper    Borzsem  Ja?nk6 42        263 

Kiss,  Josef  (1843-),  a  celebrated  Hungarian  poet  and  literary  journal- 
ist, exclusively  modern  in  topics  and  treatment 43        307 

Arany,  Ldszl6  (1844-),  Hungarian  poet;  author  of  poetical  tales,  and 

a  humorous  epic  of  high  character 42         22 

D6czy,  Ludwig  von  (1845-),  a  Hungarian-German  poet,  journalist,  and 

publicist ;  author  of  successful  comedies,  lyrics,  and  novels 42        147 

Beothy,  Zoltdn  (1848-),  Hungarian  poet,  critic,  novelist,  and  author 

of  history  of  Hungarian  literature 42  55 

Abrdnyi,  Kernel  (1849-),  a  Hungarian  poet,  important  political  leader, 
and  author  of  novels  dealing  with  the  problem  of  matri- 
mony   42  3 

AbfcLnyi,  Emil  (1851-),  Hungarian  poet  of  cosmopolitan  tendency,  and 

translator  of  Byron 42  2 

Bart6k,    Ludwig    von    (1851-),    Hungarian    author    of    poems    and 

dramas  42         45 


CHRONOLOGICAL   CONSPECTUS 

Czech   Literature   (or  Bohemian)    has  this  special  record  of 
names :  — 

Dobrovsky,  Joseph  (1753-1829),  an  eminent  Bohemian  critic  and  liter- 
ary historian,  unsurpassed  as  a  critical  philologist,  and  of  great 
influence  on  Bohemian  letters 42        147 

KoUdr,  Jan  (1793-1852),  a  noted  Czech  poet,  the  first  to  give  the 
Panslavic  idea  literary  expression;  author  of  a  great  number  of 
sonnets  and   of  popular   songs  of  immense  effect   on  the  na- 


tion 


43        311 


Schafarik,  Pavel  Josef  (1795-1861),  a  celebrated  Czech  scholar  and 
literary  historian;  author  of  a  collection  of  Slavic  folk  songs, 
and  of  several  works  of  great  importance  on  Slavic  antiquities, 
grammar,  language,  and  history 43       482 

Palacky,  Frantisek  (i  798-1876),  a  Czech  historian,  from  1839  State 
historian  of  Bohemia;  author  of  a  series  of  works  illustrating 
the   history,   literature,   and   religious    tendencies  of  Bohemia.  .43       413 


C  CZECH   LITERATURE 

Celakovsky,  Frantisek  Ladislav  (1799-1852),  a  Czech  journalist,  phi- 
lologist and  poet;  author  of  volumes  of  folk  songs,  and  trans- 
lator of  Scott  and  Herder 42        100 

Erben,    Karl    Jaromir    (18 11-70),    a    Bohemian    poet,    dramatist,  and 

scholar,  of  notable  genius  and  versatility 42        172 

Jablonsky,  Boleslav  (1813-81),  a  Czech  poet,  one  of  the  most  popular 

lyric  singers  of  all  Bohemia 42        285 

Hlinka,  Vojtech  (1817-),  a  Czech  story- writer ;  author  of  a  great 
number  of  stories  and  novels  dealing  with  life  among  the 
Czechs,  and  exceedingly  popular 42        266 

Nemcovd,  Bozena  (1820-62),  a  Czech  poet  and  story- writer ;  author 
of  interesting  poetic  narratives  embodying  the  folklore  of  the 
Czechs ■ 43        402 

Havlicek,  Karel  (1821-56),  Czech  influential  journalist  in  Bohemia;  au- 
thor of  popular  satires,  and  the  most  striking  figure  of  the 
<<  new  Czech  »  movement 42        253 

Mikovec,  Ferdinand  Bretislav  (1826-62),  a  Bohemian  dramatist  and 
archaeologist  at  Prague;  a  literary  magazine  editor;  author  of 
dramas,  arid  of  studies  of  Bohemian  antiquity ^-..43       382 

Fric,  Joseph  Vdclav  (1829-90),  a  Czech  journalist,  agitator,  dramatist, 

and  poet ;  author  of  anti-Austrian  pamphlets,  and  dramas 42        202 

Gindely,  Anton  (1829-92),  a  Bohemian  historian;  university  professor 
of  Austrian  history  at  Prague;  famous  for  a  gfreat  < History  of 
the  Thirty  Years'  War,>  and  for  his  <  History  of  the  Bohemian 
Brothers ^ , 42        218 

Janda,  Bohumil  (1831-75),  a  Bohemian  novelist  and  poet,  author  of 
works  dealing  mostly  with  historical  themes  afforded  by  the 
annals  of  his  native  land 42        287 

N6ruda,  Jan  (1834-91),  a  Czech  poet  noted  in  periodical  journalism; 
author  of  songs  and  plays,  and  of  a  series  of  sketches  of  Czech 
life  which  have  attained  great  popularity 43       402 

Heyduk,  Adolf  (1835-),  a  Czech  poet,  a  professor  at  Pisek;  author  of 
poems  among  which  are  extremely  powerful  studies  of  life 
among  his  countrymen 42        263 

Jerdbek,  Frantisek  (1836-93),  a  Czech  dramatic  poet  of  great  emi- 
nence, author  of  remarkably  powerful   historical  tragedies 42        289 

Kalousek,  Josef  (1838-),  a  Bohemian  historian,  university  professor 
at  Prague,  author  of  important  contributions  to  the  study  of 
Czech   law  and  literature  4  3        296 

Bozdech,    Emanuel    (1841-),    notably   successful   Bohemian   dramatist 

and  novelist 42         71 

Zeyer,  Julius    (1842-),  a  Czech  poet  and  novelist,  author  of  a  series 

of  epic  poems  based  on  Bohemian  ancient  history 43        596 

Cech,  Svatopluk   (1846-),    notable   Czech   journalist  and   poet;  author 

of  stories,  epics,  and  travels ;  the  most  popular  of  Czech  poets .  4  2        100 

GoU,  Jaroslav  (1846-),  a  Czech  poet  and  historian;  university  profes- 
sor in  Prague;  author  of  very  popular  songs,  and  of  important 
historical   works 42       223 


CROATIAN  — GERMAN  LITERATURE  ci 

Jirdsek,  Aloys  (1851-),  a  Bohemian  novelist  of  rare  talent  for  the 
production  of  faithful  and  eflfective  word-paintings  of  Czech  life 
and    character 42        290 

Mokry,  Otokar  (1854-),  a  Bohemian  poet  and  novelist;  editor  of  the 
<  People's  Cheap  Library  > ;  author  of  popular  romances,  sketches ; 
and   poems 43       386 


CHRONOLOGICAL   CONSPECTUS 

Croatian  Literature  presents   the  following   names  of  partic- 
ular note:  — 

Kacic-Miosic,  Andrija  (1690-1760),  a  Croatian  poet;  author  of  a  valu- 
able anthology  of  Slavonic  popular  songs,  many  editions  of 
which  have  been  published 43        295 

Demeter,  Dimitrija  (18 11-72),  a  Croatian  dramatist  and  poet;  author 

of  dramas,  stories,  and  an  epic,  and  of  translations  into  Croatian.  42        138 

Mazuranic,  Ivan  (1813-),  the  greatest  of  Croatian  poets;  author  of  an 
epic  translated  into  many  languages,  and  of  <  The  Croat's  An- 
swer to  the   Magyars  > 43        376 

Bogovic,  Mirko  (1816-93),  Croatian  poet,  translator  into  German,  and 

dramatist    42         65 

Preradovic,  Peter  (1818-72),  the  most  eminent  of  modern  Croatian 
lyric  poets;  author  of  epics,  songs,  and  a  collection  of  short 
poems 43       440 


CHRONOLOGICAL   CONSPECTUS 

German  Literature  suffered  delays  through  the  long  period 
of  riiinous  struggles  between  Protestant  and  Catholic  powers 
which  came  aftei:  the  Reformation,  so  that  progress  which  should 
have  dated  from  1550  was  not  under  way  before  1750.  Refer- 
ence to  the  Library  (Vol.  xxvii,  10629)  will  show  how  this  disastrous 
overthrow  of  the  Germany  of  Luther  took  place. 

The  Nibelungenlied,  a  grand  German  epic  commemorating 
the  heroes  of  German  conquest  of  Rome  in  the  time  of  Attila, 
and  dating  far  back  towards  that  time,  has  a  large  place  in  the 
Library,  through  a  critical  account  of  ten  pages,  and  twenty-one 
pages  of  examples  (Vol.  xxvii,  10627-56).  From  the  earliest  open- 
ing of  the  German  record  we  count  names  of  note  as  follows:  — 

Eginhard   (770-840),  a   German   scholar   educated  by   Alcuin,  private 

secretary  to  Charlemagne,  and  author  of  his  Life 42        165 


cii  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

Heinrich  von  Veldecke,  a  German  poet  of  the  twelfth  century;  author 
of  an  epic,  and  of  love  songs  which  are  among  the  finest  of  the 
period 42      .258 

Eschenbach,  Wolfram  von,  a  celebrated  German  mediaeval  poet  of  the 
second  half  of  the  twelfth  century ;  author  of  love  songs,  and  of 
epics  which  rank  among  the  greatest  German  imaginative 
works 42        172 

Hartmann  von  Aue  (i  170-1220),  German  poet;  author  of  new  German 
movement  influenced  by  poets  of  northern  France, — his  chief 
work,  <Poor  Heinrich,  >  used  by  Longfellow  for  his  <  Golden 
Legend  > 42        251 

Albertus  Magnus  (1193-1280),  a  famous  German  scholastic  philosopher 

and  theologian,  and  earliest  to  make  Aristotle  known 42  10 

Frauenlob  (Heinrich  von  Meissen)  (1250-1318),  a  German  master- 
singer,  founder  in  Mayence  of  the  first  school  of  minstrelsy  .  .  .42        200 

Gottfried  von  Strassburg,  a  German  poet  at  the  beginning  of  the 
thirteenth  century;  author,  with  Von  Eschenbach,  of  < Parsifal, > 
and  specially  famous  for  his  < Tristan  and  Isolde  >  (about  1204- 
1215) 42        227 

Konrad  von  WUrzburg,  a  celebrated  German  poet  of  the  thirteenth 
century  (died  1287) ;  a  perfect  master  of  lyric,  epic,  and  didactic 
verse,  especially  famous  for  his  legendary  poems 43       312 

Walther  von  der  Vogelweide  (flourished  in  the  thirteenth  century), 
the  greatest  lyric  poet  of  Germany  before  Goethe,  and  the  first 
great  lyric  poet  of  modern  Europe,  came  in  the  time  of  the 
Emperor  Frederick  II.,  a  ruler  of  the  type  of  Alfred  the 
Great  and  Charlemagne.  The  full  critical  account  in  the  Li- 
brary, with  thirteen  pages  of  examples,  is  an  admirable  story 
of  the  time   1205-30 38   15580-600 

Tauler,  Johannes  (1300-61),  a  German  Dominican,  author  of  sermons 
of  great  note  as  expositions  of  spiritual  theology,  reputed  the 
greatest  preacher  of  his  time 43        516 

Thomas  k  Kempis  (1380-1471),  who  wrote  the  <  Imitation  of  Christ, > 
in  the  ten  years  about  1414-24,  at  the  monastery  of  Mount 
St.  Agnes  in  Holland,  was  bom  at  Kempen,  near  Diisseldorf 
in  Rhenish  Prussia,  and  may  be  credited,  therefore,  to  German 
genius 21  8529-40 

Krantz,  Albert  (1450-15 17),  a  German  historian;  university  rector  at 
Rostock  from  1482;  author  of  historical  works  distinguished  by 
great  erudition,  and  a  critical  spirit  rarely  found  in  his  day.  .  .43       314 

Reuchlin,  Johann  (1455-1522),  a  German  humanist  of  great  distinc- 
tion, a  classical  and  Hebrew  scholar  of  great  influence  upon 
learning  in  Germany  just  before  the  Reformation,  and  author 
of  a  famous  satire  which  greatly  promoted  that  event ...  43  455 ;  44  243 

Brandt  (1458-1521),  author  of  <The  Ship  of  Fools,*  a  popular  mix- 
ture of  satire  and  allegory,  became  a  powerful  aid  to  both 
Erasmus  and  Luther,  in  stirring  the  minds  of  the  common 
people  to  see  the  evils  of  the  time  in  a  new  light.     The  story 


GERMAN  LITERATURE  ciii 

in  the  Library  and  examples  of  the  English  translation  made 

in  1509  are  most  interesting 5  2311-18 

Celtes,   Konrad    (1459-1508).    a   German   humanist,    celebrated  for  a 

volume  of  Latin  <  Odes  > 42        100 

Bebel,  Heinrich  (1472-1518),  a  notable  German  humanist,   author  of 

keen  satires  on  the  clergy  of  the  time 42         49 

Mumer,  Thomas  (1475-1536),  an  Alsatian  clergyman,  and  the  great- 
est satirist  of  the  sixteenth  century;  poet  laureate  to  the  Em- 
peror Maximilian;  an  immensely  popular  preacher  of  witty 
sermons,  and  author  of  stinging  satirical  attacks  on  the  Ref- 
ormation    43       397 

Luther  (1483-1546),  famous  in  literature  for  his  translation  of  the 
Bible;  was  in  large  measure  the  creator  of  literary  German, 
through  which  modern  Germany  has  developed  one  of  the  chief 
literatures  of  the  world.  The  Library  has  twelve  examples 
from  Luther,  filling  twenty-three  pages,  with  a  full  story  of  his 
genius  and  work 23  93 19-47 

Hutten,  Ulrich  von  (1488-1523),  a  German  reformer  and  poet-laureate, 
famous  for  his  participation  in  religious  and  political  contro- 
versies favoring  the  Reformation 42   280 ;  4  4  243 

Sachs  (1494-15  76),  in  whom  the  story  of  German  spiritual  leader- 
ship in  Europe  is  brought  up  to  the  period  of  disastrous  inter- 
ruption by  protracted  and  desolating  wars;  wrote  from  four  to 
five  thousand  mastersongs,  some  seventeen  hundred  tales  and 
farces,  and  two  hundred  and  eight  dramas  greatly  superior  to 
anything  then  existing  in  English  (1576).  The  Library  has  a 
full  critical  story  and  twenty-one  pages  of  examples 32   12609-33 

Melanchthon,  Philipp  (1497-1560),  a  famous  German  theologian  and 
religious  reformer;  Luther's  chief  literary  helper,  and  author  of 
work-s  of  very  wide  influence 43        377 

Franck,  Sebastian  (i499-i543),   German  ethical  and  spiritual  writer, 

author  of  works  warmly  supporting  the   Reformation 42        199 

Alberus,  Erasmus  (1500-53).  a  German   reformer,  scholar,  and  poet; 

author  of  satires  and  fables 42  10 

Folz,  Hans,   a  German   mastersinger   (died  about   1515);  author  of 

plays,  minstrel   songs,    lays,  jests,  and   poems,  very  popular  at  ' 

the  time 42       193 

Dedekind,  Fried,  (1525-98),  German   poet;   author  of  widely  popular 

satires  and  dramas 42        136 

Rollenhagen,  Georg  (i 542-1609),  a  German  poet;  author  (1595)  of 
a  famous  didactic  satirical  poem,  keenly  commenting  on  life 
and  custom,  secular,  spiritual  and  military,  by  comparing  peo- 
ple with  frogs,  rats,  mice,  cats,  and  foxes 43       465 

Fischart,  Johann  (i 545-91 ),  a  notable  German  poet  and  Protestant 
publicist,  author  of  satires  strongly  expressing  the  spirit  of  the 
Reformation 42        189 

Ayrer,  Jacob  (-1605),  an  early  German  dramatist;  after  Hans  Sachs 

the  most  prolific  of  Germany  in   the   sixteenth  century 42         32 


civ  GERMAN  LITERATURE 

Kepler,  Johannes  (1571-1630),  eminent  German  astronomer,  discov- 
erer of  the  laws  of  planetary  motion,  one  of  the  great  epoch- 
makers  of  human  thought 43       301 

Bohme,  Jakob  (1575-1624),  a  German  shoemaker,  author  of  a  system 

of   mystical  theology  of  notable  spiritual  genius 42         65 

Weckherlin,  Georg  Rudolf  (1584-1653),  a  German  poet;  essentially  a 
court  poet,  who  wrote  for  the  nobility ;  the  first  to  introduce  into 
German  literature  the  ode,  sonnet,  eclogue,  and  epigram 43        565 

Opitz,  Martin  (i  597-1639),  a  German  poet  of  great  influence  on  the 
literature  of  Germany,  chiefly  by  his  theoretical  and  critical 
writings,  and  for  more  than  a  century  called  the  « father  of 
German  poetry  » ^ 43       409 

Dach,  Simon  (1605-59),  German  lyrical  poet,  marked  by  freedom  and 

natural  feeling,  and  notable  for  hymns  of  rare  quality 42        128 

Gerhardt,  Paul  (1607-76),  a  German  hymn-writer  of  g^eat  eminence, 

author  of  an  epoch  in  religious  psalmody 42       214 

Fleming  (1609-40),  an  oasis  in  the  desert,  which  intellectual  Germany 
was,  during  the  period  in  which  his  life  fell;  a  genuinely  in- 
spired lyric  poet,  with  more  than  a  suggestion  of  Schiller  ...14  5844-48 

Angelus   Silesius    (Johannes    Scheffler)    (1624-77),    a   German   mystic 

and  sacred  poet,  author  of  exquisite  lyrics 42         20 

Lambecius,  or  Peter  Lambeck  (1628-80),  a  German  scholar,  educator  in 
Hamburg,  superintendent  of  the    Imperial   Library  in  Vienna; 
author  of  the  first  methodical  study  of  literary  history,  and   of 
< Library  Notes, >  in    8   vols.,  a  work   of  great  value  for  early 
German  language   and  literature   43       322 

Anton,  Ulrich  (1633-1714),  German  novelist  and  poet  of  great  popular- 
ity in  his  own  day 42         21 

Abraham  a  Sancta-Clara  (1644-1709),  German  pulpit  orator,  one  of  the 

celebrities  of  Vienna,  and  notable  for  sermons  keenly  satirical.  .  .'.  42  2 

Leibnitz,  Gottfried  Wilhelm  von  (1646-17 16),  an  eminent  German 
scholar  and  philosophical  thinker,  the  greatest  master  of  his 
time  in  every  branch  of  knowledge,  and  author  of  many  works 
notable  for  their  importance  in  the  history  of  thought 43       333 

Ziegler  und  Kliphausen,  H.  A.  von  (1653-97),  German  romance-writer 

of  great  influence  on  the  taste  of  several  generations 43        596 

Freylinghausen,  Johann  Anastasius  (1670-1739),  an  eminent  German 
representative  of  Pietism  at  Halle;  author  of  a  voluminous 
compilation  of  sacred  verse,  and  of  a  theological  treatise  in  ex- 
position of  Pietism 42       202 

Brockes,  B.  H.   (1680-1747),  German  poet,  author  of  a  fine  study  of 

phases  of  the  sea 42         75 

Mosheim,  Johann  Lorenz  von  (1694-1755),  a  distinguished  German 
church  historian,  the  first  to  treat  ecclesiastical  history  as  a 
sequence  of  secular  causes  and  effects;  author  of  a  great  work 
entitled  <  Institutes  of  Ecclesiastical  History  > 43       393 

Pelloutier,  Simon  (1694-17 5 7),  a  German  historian;  author  of  a  < His- 
tory of  the   Celts,>  a  work  of  immense  research 43       422 


GERMAN  LITERATURE 


CV 


Bodmer  (1698-1783),  who  marks  the  first  dawn  of  a  new  and  a  great 
age  in  German  literature,  undertook  at  Ziirich  in  Switzerland, 
about  1750,  a  literary  publication  suggested  by  Addison's  Spec- 
tator, and  gave,  through  securing  many  readers  in  Germany,  a 
great  start  to  new  literary  production  based  on  English  ex- 
ample, such  as  Milton's  <  Paradise  Lost,>  which  Bodmer  trans- 
lated, and  Shakespeare,  whom  he  called  the  English  Sophocles.5  2128-32 

Wilhelmine  of  Bayreuth  (1709-58),  sister  of  Frederick  the  Great,  and 
granddaughter  of  George  the  First  of  England ;  a  woman  of 
rare  character  and  ability,  sharing  the  broad  advanced  ideas 
of  her  brother,  and  making  Bayreuth  a  centre  of  liberal  culture 
until  her  early  death  in  1758.  The  Library  gives  twel\je  pages 
of  examples,  of  which  ten  pages  are  her  <  Pictures  of  Court 
Life ' 39   1 5969-82 

Gellert,  Christian  F.  (1715-69),  a  German  popular  poet  and  prose- 
writer;  specially  notable  for  his  fables,  tales  and  proverbial 
sayings,  and  as  a  German  literary  reformer 42        212 

Winckelmann,  Johann  Joachim  (1717-68),  a  German  art  critic,  and 
archaeologist;  author  of  a  < History  of  the  Art  of  Antiquity,* 
and  of  other  important  classical  art  studies;  the  founder  of  art 
history  as  a  critical  science 43       579 

Moser,  Justus  (1720-94),  a  noted  German  publicist  and  historian; 
the  creator  of  modern  German  historiography  on  the  basis  of 
making  history  describe  the  development  of  peoples,  laws,  cus- 
toms, and  habits,  instead  of  being  a  mere  chronicle  of  govern- 
mental proceedings 43        393 

MUnchhausen,  Baron  von  (1720-97),  a  German  who  served  in  the 
Russian  cavalry  against  the  Turks  (1737-39),  and  ever  after 
played  the  braggart  in  tales  of  his  exploits  (See  Raspe) 43        396 

Basedow  (1723-90),  German  educational  reformer  of  distinction,  au- 
thor of  the  famous  <  Elementary  Treatise  >   (1774) 42         46 

Klopstock  (1724-1803),  whose  epoch-making  poem,  <The  Messiah,> 
came  out,  the  first  three  of  its  twenty  cantos  in  1748,  and  the 
last  in  1773,  was  the  first  of  modern  German  poets  to  speak 
from  what  has  been  called  the  enthusiasm  of  humanity.  The 
Library  has  thirteen  pages  of  fine  examples 22  8691-706 

Kant  (1724-1804),  whose  great  works  appeared  in  the  years  1781-95, 
ranks  in  universal  literature  not  second  to  any  of  the  great 
originators  in  philosophy.  An  admirable  critical  story,  by  Pro- 
fessor Royce  of  Harvard  University,  in  nine  pages,  and  ten  pages 
of  examples,  richly  present  Germany's  earliest  great  philosopher .  2  i   8477-96 

Lessing  (1729-81),  author  of  dramas  and  essays  of  criticism  in  the 
years  1750-80,  was  not  only  a  master  of  thoughtful  poetry,  but 
a  great  critical  thinker,  by  whom  later  writers  were  profoundly 
influenced.     The  Library  has  fifteen  pages  of  his  thoughts ...  2  3  9005-24 

Mendelssohn,  Moses  (1729-86),  a  famous  German  philosophical  and 
religious  writer  of  Jewish  birth,  noted  as  «the  German  Socrates  ^>; 
author  of  popular  philosophical  and  religious  studies 43       377 


cvi  GERMAN  LITERATURE 

Forster,  Johann  Reinhold  (1729-98),  a  German  naturalist,  a  scholar 
in  many  languages,  an  author  of  valuable  travels  and  contribu- 
tions to  science 42        196 

Adelung,  Johann  Christoph  (1732-1806),  German  philologfist  and  lexi- 
cographer; author  of  an  unsurpassed  ^Dictionary  of  High  Ger- 
man, >  and  of  a  series  of  valuable  text-books 42  6 

Wieland  (1733-1813),  who  was  at  first  an  imaginative  mystic,  1750-60, 
and  later  a  humanist,  residing  at  Weimar,  near  Goethe,  from 
1772;  had  a  great  influence  upon  the  German  language,  by  his 
taste  and  refinement,  and  upon  German  culture,  by  his  broad 
views  and  his  translation,  in  1762-66,  of  twenty-two  of  the  plays 
of  Shakespeare.     The  Library  has  twelve  pages  of  examples.  3  9  15954-68 

Brandes,  J.    C.    (1735-99),  popular  dramatist,  author  of  comedies  of 

great   merit 42         72 

Raspe,  Rudolph  Eric  (1737-94),  a  German  scientist;  author  of  works 
on  mineralogy  and  philosophy,  of  historical  memoirs,  and  of  the 
imaginative  <  Baron  Munchausen's  Narrative  of  his  Marvelous 
Travels  and  Campaigns  in  Russia,  >  published  at  Oxford  in 
English,  and  translated  into  German 43  396,  451 

Gerstenberg,  Heinrich  Wilhelm  von  (1737-1823),  a  German  poet, 
dramatist,  and  critic;  author  of  war-songs,  popular  tragedies, 
and  literary  essays 42        214 

Eberhard,  Johann  August  (i  739-1 809),  a  German  philosophical  writer, 
author  of  studies  in  philosophy  and  theology  of  markedly  broad 
and   liberal   tendency 42        i6r 

Claudius  (1740-18 15),  who  began  to  figure  as  a  poet,  under  the  influ- 
ence of  Klopstock,  wrote  songs,  romances,  fables,  and  especially 
poems,  of  real  and  lasting  interest 9  3756-60 

Jung-Stilling  (1740-1817),  a  German  writer  of  autobiographical  fictions, 
recounting  incidents  and  experiences  of  actual  life  with  unsur- 
passed realistic  power 42        294 

Bahrdt,   Karl   Friedrich   (1741-92),  noted  German  author  of  extreme 

rationalistic  writings,  attacking  popular  Christian  belief 42         36 

Engel,  Johann  Jakob  (i  741-1802),  a  German  philosophical  writer,  uni- 
versity professor  at  Berlin,  author  of  important  studies  in 
criticism  and  art  theory 42        1 70 

Ebeling,  Christoph  Daniel  (1741-1817),  German  scholar,  university 
professor  of  history  and  Greek  at  Hamburg,  notable  for  an  im- 
portant work  <  Geography  and  History  of  North  America  >  (5 
vols.  1793-9),  for  which  he  received  a  vote  of  thanks  from  the 
American  Congress 42        161 

Archenholz,    Johann    Wilhelm    von    (1743-1812),    German    author    of 

valuable  travels,  and  of  important  historical  works 42  23 

Jacobi,  Friedrich  Heinrich  (1743-1819),  a  German  thinker  of  distinc- 
tion; author  of  studies  in  philosophy,  and  of  a  philosophical 
fiction  of  great  interest  and  value    42        285 

Herder  (i  744-1 803),  whose  great  work  as  a  representative  humanist 
fell  in  the  years  1767-97,  is  particularly  notable  for  one  grand 


GERMAN   LITERATURE  Cvii 

epoch-making  conception,  that  of  humanity  as  a  unit,  an  organic 
whole,  producing  literatures,  types  of  religion,  and  nationalities ;  • 
and  of  progress  of  every  sort,  through  promotion  of  the  eleva- 
tion of  humanity i  8  7259-76 

Kortum,  Karl  Arnold  (1745-1824),  a  German  comic  poet;  author  of 
<The  Jobsiad,>  a  heroic-comic  poem  describing  German  univer- 
sity student  life 43       313 

Campe,  Joachim   Heinrich  (1746-1818),  German  author  of  educational 

works  of  great  value  and  of  popular  books  for  the  young 42         gi 

Gotter,  F.  W.  (1746-97),  a  German  poet;  author  of  dramas,  comedies, 
and  minor  pieces  which  represent  the  latest  German  use  of 
French  models 42       227 

Burger  (1747-94),  whose  finest  poetical  effort,  the  ballad  of  <L'enore,> 
came  out  in  1773,  to  be  translated  by  Walter  Scott  in  1775  as 
his  first  literary  work,  produced  a  body  of  popular  and  national 
poetry,  under  English  inspiration,  the  new  note  of  which  was 
naturalism,  attention  to  human  life  and  experience.  The  Li- 
brary has  the  whole  of  <Lenore,>  seven  pages,  and  <The  Wives 
of  Weinsberg,*  two  pages 7  2767-78 

Schulz,  Johann  (174 7-1 800),  a  German  musical  composer  and  song- 
writer; author  of  oratorios,  choruses,  popular  songs,  and  of 
operas  which  rank  among  the  best  productions  of  his  time.  . .  .43       485 

Holty  (1748-76),  a  German  lyric  poet,  whose  work  was  done  in  the 
years  1769-76,  had  felt  English  influences  with  Burger,  yet 
showed  originality  and  a  high  degree  of  perfection  in  his 
songs,  of  which  the  Library  gives  eleven 19  7505-14 

Goethe  (1749-1832),  Germany's  supreme  poet,  successor  to  Voltaire 
and  Rousseau  in  the  emancipation  of  thought  in  Europe,  began 
publishing  in  1773  and  finished  <  Faust  >  in  1831.  He  is  finely 
celebrated  in  the  Library  by  Edward  Dowden's  masterly  story 
of  eleven  pages,  and  by  nineteen  examples,  filling  fifty-nine 
pages;  of  which  twenty -five  are  from  <  Faust*  and  eleven  are  a 
critique  of  Shakespeare's  < Hamlet* 16  6385-452 

Eichhorn,  Johann  Gottfried  (1752-1827),  a  German  historian  and  Ori- 
ental scholar;  author  of  biblical  researches,  and  of  studies  in 
the  history  of  literature,  of  great  value 42        166 

Cramer,  Karl  Gottlob  (1758-1871),  German  author  of  novels  and 
tales  marked  by  force  and  originality,  and  extremely  popular 
in  his  day 42       123 

Schiller  (1759-1805),  whose  first  publication  was  a  drama,  <The  Rob- 
bers,* in  1 78 1,  and  who  entered  the  field  of  historical  scholar- 
ship with  a  < History  of  the  Revolt  of  the  Netherlands*  in  1788, 
is  preeminent  for  his  success  in  historical  drama,  of  which  the 

Library  gives  twenty-eight  pages  of  examples 33   12877-912 

Wolf,  Friedrich  August  (1759-1824),  a  German  classical  scholar;  au- 
thor of  important  editions  of  classical  works,  and  notable  for 
Homeric  studies  seeking  to  prove  that  the  name  «  Homer  **  does 
not  represent  an  individual 43       582 


Cviii  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

Ziegler,    F.    W.    (1760-1827),  Vienna  Court  Theatre  actor  for   forty 

years,  author  of  dramas  and  works  on   dramatic  art 43        596 

Heeren,  Arnold  H.  L.  (1760-1842),  an  eminent  German  historian; 
author  of  a  series  of  thorough  and  valuable  studies  in  history, 
classical  and   European 42       257 

Kotzebue,  August  Friedrich  (1761-1819),  a  celebrated  German  drama- 
tist; author  of  a  great  number  of  tragedies,  comedies,  dramas, 
and  farces,  from  which  later  dramatists  have  borrowed ;  and  of 
a  novel  notable  for  an  attack  on  Goethe  and  Schiller 43       313 

Tennemann,  Wilhelm  Gottlieb  (1761-1819),  a  German  philosophical 
writer;  author  of  a  most  important  < History  of  Philosophy, >  and 
of  studies  of  the  teachings  of  Socrates  and  Plato 43       519 

Paulas,  Heinrich  E.  G.  (1761-1851),  a  German  Orientalist,  uni- 
versity professor  at  Jena  and  Heidelberg,  author  of  important 
critical  studies  of  the  origin  and  earliest  records  of  Christianity .  4  3       420 

Fichte  (1762-1814),  whose  <  Attempt  at  a  Critique  of  All  Revela- 
tion >  was  submitted  to  Kant  in  1791,  and  whose  work  was 
along  lines  of  deviation  from  accredited  orthodox  Christianity, 
discharged  the  double  function  of  exposition  of  the  philosophy 
of  Kant  and  promotion  of  educational  advance,  with  special  re- 
vival of  German  national  feeling.  He  helped  to  organize  the 
University  of  Berlin,  in  1809,  and  was  its  rector  for  two 
years 14  5673-86 

Richter  (1763-1825),  whose  work  in  literature  was  done  in  the  years 
1783-1825,  was  markedly  original  and  liberal  as  a  thinker,  a 
genuine  poet  and  humorist,  and  a  master  of  aphoristic  utter- 
ances, of  which  several  pages  are  gfiven  with  other  examples 
in  the  Library 31        ^47-264 

Gentz,  Friedrich  von  (1764-1832),  a  German  publicist,  writer  of  works 
opposing  the  French  Revolution,  and  author  of  books  and  pam- 
phlets against  Napoleon 42       213 

Brun,  F.  Sophie  Christiana  (1765-1835),  poet  and  author  of  travels     .42         80 

Bornemann,  Wilhelm  (1766-1851),  one  of  the  foremost  of  modem  Low- 
German  poets 42  68 

Humboldt,  Wilhelm  von  (1767-1835),  a  German  statesman,  philologist, 
and  critic  of  great  ability  and  elevated  social  sympathies;  au- 
thor of  important  scientific  and  literary  monographs,  and  of 
translations  of  .(Eschylus  and   Pindar 42       278 

Bentzel-Sternau,  Count  (1767-1843),  German  humorist  and  author  of 

satirical  romances 42         55 

Schlegel,  August  Wilhelm  von  (1767-1845),  a  celebrated  German  critic 
poet,  and  Orientalist,  university  professor  at  Bonn;  author  of 
notable  works  on  art,  dramatic  art,  and  literature,  and  of  import- 
ant translations  of  Shakespeare,  Dante,  Calderon,  and  Camoens.  .43       484 

Schleiermacher,  Friedrich  Ernst  Daniel  (1768-1834),  a  noted  German 
thinker  and  biblical  critic ;  author  of  important  studies  of  Christ- 
ian belief,  with  special  reference  to  the  life  and  teachings  of 
Christ 4  3       484 


GERMAN   LITERATURE 


CIX 


Zacharia  von  Lingenthal,  Karl  Salomo  (1769-1843),  a  German  jurist, 

university  professor  at  Heidelberg,   1807-43 43        592 

Holderlin,    Friedrich    (i 770-1 843),    a    German    poet,    profound    Greek 

scholar,  translator  of  Greek  dramas 42       269 

Beethoven    (1770-1827),    Germany's   perhaps    unequaled  composer   of 

music,  was  especially  revealed  in  literature  by  his  letters 4  1749-62 

Humboldt  (1769-1859),  who  resigned  all  other  employment  in  1799  to 
devote  himself  wholly  to  science,  and  who  died  sixty  years 
later  the  Nestor  of  science  for  all  Europe,  presented  in  his 
< Cosmos*  a  finely  literary  and  profoundly  interesting  survey 
of  natural  knowledge 19  7768-76 

Arndt  (1769-1860),  whose  war-songs  and  ballads  of  patriotism  gave 
him  distinction  from  about  1806,  also  wrote  histories  an,d  remi- 
niscences   2  813-18 

Hegel  (1 770-1831),  to  whom  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Harris  devotes  twelve  pages 
of  admirable  story  in  the  Library,  with  ten  pages  of  examples 
from  his  <  Philosophy  of  History, >  is  credited  with  having 
made,  in  his  treatises  on  art,  religion,  history,  and  philosophy,  the 
four  greatest  contributions  of  the  century  to  human  thought.  18  7161-84 

Zschokke,  Johann  (1771-1848),  German  Swiss  author  of  dramas,  his- 
tories, novels,  and  semi-religious  works 43        599 

Clauren,  H.  (Carl  Heun)  (1771-1854),  German  lawyer  and  public  offi- 
cial, prolific  and  popular  author  of  realistic  and  sentimental 
tales  and   farces 42        112 

Novalis  (1772-1801),  whose  literary  activity  fell  between  1795  and  1801, 
and  whose  literary  product  was  small,  wrote  poems  and 
thoughts,  in  which  deep  spiritual  insight  and  philosophy,  in 
union  with  Christian  belief,  were  most  impressive  and  influen- 
tial  27  10724-32 

Schlegel  (1772-1829),  a  philosophical  critic  of  literature,  in  the  years 
1793-1828,  followed  the  lines  of  thought  of  Fichte  and  those  of 
poetry  exemplified  by  Goethe 33   1 2913-22 

Thibaut,  Anton  Friedrich  Justus  (i  772-1840),  a  distinguished  Ger- 
man jurist;  university  professor  at  Heidelberg;  author  of  a 
great  work  on  the  Pandects,  and  of  other  juristic  writings.  .  .  .43        522 

Fries,  Jakob  Friedrich  (i 773-1843),  a  German  philosophical  writer, 
author  of  works  of  importance  in  the  recent  development  of 
German  thought 42        203 

Tieck  ( 1 773-1853),  who  filled  a  large  place  as  a  poet,  story-teller,  critic, 
essayist,  translator,  and  editor,  rendered  a  special  service  to 
German  literature  by  the  part  which  he  took  with  Schlegel 
in  making  the  standard  German  translation  of  Shakespeare. 
The  Library  gives  in  fifteen  pages  the  masterpiece  of  his 
wonder-tales,    <  The   Fair-haired   Eckbert  > 37   14943-60 

Feuerbach,   Paul  Johann  Anselm  von   (1775-1833),   eminent  German 

writer  on  criminal  law  and  the  reform  of  penal  laws 43        186 

Schelling,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  Joseph  von  (1775-1854),  a  celebrated 
German  thinker,   of  high  poetic  gifts,  and  notable  for  turning 


ex  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

from  the  idealistic  pantheism  of  Fichte  and  Hegel  to  views 
interpreted  as  theistic  and  Christian;  author  of  a  large  number 
of  interesting  and  important  works;  is  very  ably  commented 
upon  by  Dr.  Harris  in  his  account  of  Hegel i8  7162-67;  43  483 

HofTmann  (i  776-1822),  an  artist  in  realistic  description,  shown  in  a 
variety  of  works,  was  especially  successful  in  short  stories  and 
fairy  tales,  in  the  years  1815-20.  The  Library  has  one  of  his 
tales,   nine  pages  in  length 18  7389-402 

Niebuhr  (1776-1831),  a  Dane  of  precocious  genius,  who  settled  in  Ger- 
many in  1806,  is  especially  notable  for  great  improvements  in 
the  method  of  study  of  history,  which  he  introduced  and  ap- 
plied    27   10657-64 

Gorres,  Joseph  (1776-1848),  a  German  philosopher,  publicist,  and  jour- 
nalist of  vast  learning  and  great  versatility, —  his  journal,  the 
<Rheinischer  Merkur,>  from  its  powerful  antagonism  to  demo- 
cratic ideas,  called,  by  Napoleon,  « the  fifth  power »  of  Europe  .42        226 

Schlosser,  Friedrich  Christoph  (1776-1861),  a  German  historian;  au- 
thor of  important  contributions  to  the  history  of  ancient  civili- 
zation, of  the  Greek  Empire,  and  of  the  world 43       484 

Becker,   Karl    F.    (1777-1806),    popular    historical    writer,    author    of 

< World's  History  for  Children  and  their  Teachers* 42         49 

Kleist  (1777-1811),  a  poet  of  singularly  great  genius  and  sad  fate,  in 
the  dark  days  of  French  domination  in  Germany,  between  the 
battles  of  Jena  and  of  Leipsic ;  author  of  dramas,  one  of  them  a 
comedy,  which  rank  with  the  best  of  Goethe  and  Schiller.  He 
also  wrote  tales,  of  which  his  masterpiece,  <  Michael  Kohlhaas,* 
the  Library  gives  in  full,  twenty -three  pages    22  8665-90 

Fouqu6  (1777-1843),  writer  of  plays,  poems,  and  romances  which  made 
him  one  of  Germany's  most  celebrated  authors,  early  in  the 
century;  has  lasting  fame  from  his  beautiful  story  of  < Undine, > 
of  which  the  Library  has  eleven  pages 15  5895-908 

Savigny,  Friedrich  Karl  von  (1779-1861),  a  distinguished  German 
jurist  and  historian  of  jurisprudence;  author  of  works  of  great 
importance  as  representing  what  is  termed  the  historical  school 
of  jurisprudence 43       481 

Arnold,  Johann  Georg  Daniel  (1780-1829),  Alsatian  dialect  poet;  au- 
thor of  lyrics  in  high  German,  and  of  a  comedy  notable  for  re- 
flecting ancient  Strassburg  custom  and  language 42         26 

Luden,  Heinrich  (1780-1847),  a  German  historical  writer,  university 
professor  at  Jena;  author  of  a  great  history  of  the  German 
people  to  the  year  1237,  of  a  manual  of  the  history  of  the 
mediaeval  nations,  and  notable  for  the  elegant  and  spirited 
style  which  he  introduced  into  German  historical  writing 43        353 

Arnim,  Achim  von  (1781-1831),  noted  German  author  of  poems,  histori- 
cal romances,  and  short  stories 42         25 

Krause,  Karl  C.  F.  (1781-1832),  a  German  philosophical  writer;  au- 
thor of  treatises  on  music,  language,  and  philosophy,  and  of 
several  works  on  Freemasonry 43       315 


GERMAN  LITERATURE  CXI 

Chamisso  (1781-1838),  a  poet,  scientist,  editor,  and  author  of  travels; 
is  chiefly  famous  for  his  <  Peter  Schlemihl's  Wonderful  History,* 
seven  pages  of  which  are  given  in  the  Library 9  3503-12 

Kannegiesser,  Karl  Ludwig  (1781-1861),  a  German  writer  of  distinc- 
tion as  the  translator  into  German  of  Chaucer,  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  Byron,    Scott,  Dante,  etc 43        297 

Froebel  (1782-1852),  a  teacher  of  remarkable  gifts  in  the  years  1816- 
36,  and  from  1837,  to  his  death  in  1852,  the  creator  of  the  kin- 
dergarten system ;  brought  out  <  The  Education  of  Man  >  in 
1826,  and  important  child-study  works  in  his  later  period.  The 
Library  has  a  full  story  of  his  character  and  work,  and  eight 
pages  of  his  thoughts 15  6022-34 

Klaproth,  Heinrich  Julius  von  (1783-1835),  a  celebrated  German  Ori- 
entalist, university  professor  at  Berlin,  author  of  numerous 
contributions  to  Oriental  study 43        307 

Aurbacher,    Ludwig    (i  784-1847),    author  of  a  collection  of  popular 

German  tales 42         30 

Dahlmann,  F.  C.  (1785-1860),  eminent  historical  scholar  proscribed 
for  liberalism  of  opinion ;  author  of  remarkably  fine  <  History  of 
Denmark  >  and  histories  of  the  English  and  the  French  Revo- 
lutions   42        1 2g 

Grimm  [brothers  Jacob  (1785-1863),  and  Wilhelm  (1786-1859)],  whose 
work  from  181 1  for  half  a  century  covered  early  law,  mythol- 
ogy, legends,  old  German  poetry,  German  grammar,  and  the 
vast  Grimm  <  Dictionary  > ;  are  popularly  known  all  over  the 
world  by  their  <  Household  Tales  > 17  6733-44 

Borne,  Ludwig  (1786-1837),  eminent  German  political  writer 42         67 

Kerner,  Justinus  (i  786-1 862),  a  famous  German  poet,  novelist,  and 
essayist ;  the  romanticist  of  the  Swabian  school  of  poets ;  author 
of  lyrics  set  to  music  by  Schumann,  of  noteworthy  stories,  and 
of  important  studies  in  animal  magnetism  and  somnambulism  43        302 

Brentano,  Elisabeth  (1785-1859),  known  in  literature  as  the  Bettina  of 

<  Goethe's   Correspondence   with  a  Child  >   6  2348-53 

Uhland  (i 787-1 862),  the  most  popular  German  poet  after  Schiller, 
wrote  in  the  years  1815-62  some  three  hundred  and  fifty  poems, 
fully  half  of  them  masterpieces,  and  a  body  of  scholarly  studies 
of  the  history  of  German  poetry  and  legend.  The  Library  has 
fifteen  of  his  poems 37   1 5 185-98 

FlUgel,  Johann  Gottfried  (1788-1855),  a  German  scholar,  long  resident 
in  America,  author  of  valuable  language  manuals  for  the  study 
of  German 42        192 

Eichendorff,  Baron  Joseph  von  (1788-1857),  a  high  Prussian  official,  the 
most  gifted  and  original  of  German  lyrists;  author  of  stories, 
comedies,  tragedies,  and  translations  from  the  Spanish,  in  the 
years  1816-57;  counted  the  last  of  the  poets  of  the  Romantic 
school.  His  <Life  of  a  Good-for-Nothing,>  from  which  the  Li- 
brary gives  ten  pages,  is  one  of  the  most  popular  tales  in 
German  literature 13  5345-58 ;  4  2  165 


cxii  GERMAN  LITERATURE 

Schopenhauer  (i  788-1 860),  the  latest  of  the  great  philosophers  of  Ger- 
many, is  distinguished  for  the  literary  quality  of  his  exposi- 
tions of  the  elements  of  thought.  The  Library  gives  twenty- 
nine  pages  of  examples,  one  of  them  sixteen  pages  in  length .  3  3   12923-56 

Rtlckert  (1788-1866),  equally  a  great  poet  and  a  great  scholar,  in  the 
years  1814-66;  is  counted  the  greatest  successor  of  Herder  and 
Goethe  in  their  efforts  to  realize  the  idea  of  a  universal  litera- 
ture. His  *The  Brahman's  Wisdom  >  is  considered  the  finest 
didactic  poem  of  German  literature,  and  his  translations  of 
Oriental  poetry,  Persian,  Indian,  Arabian,  and  Chinese,  have 
immensely  enriched  German  culture.  The  Library  gives  twelve 
of  his  poems    31   12457-70 

Neander,  Johann  August  Wilhelm  (1789-1850),  a  German  church  his- 
torian of  Jewish  birth;  author  of  historical  studies,  and  of 
< Universal  History  of  the  Christian  Religion  and  Church,* 
very  widely  acceptable  to  Protestant  Christians 43       402 

Hey,  Wilhelm  (i 789-1854),  a  German  rhymester;  author  of  an  im- 
.mensely  popular  < Fables  for  Children,*  and  of  a  rhyming 
*  Life  of  Jesus  > 42        263 

Baudissin,  Count  von  (i  789-1878),  one  of  the  chief  contributors  to  the 
Schlegel-Tieck  translation  of  Shakespeare,  and  translator  of 
old  English  dramas 42         47 

Fallmerayer,  Jacob  Philipp    (i  790-1861),  a  German  scholar,  linguist, 

Oriental  explorer,  and  author  of  important  writings 42        179 

Korner  (1791-1813),  whose  poems,  tales  in  prose,  comedies,  and 
tragedies,  were  rapidly  produced  after  he  settled  himself  in 
Vienna  in  181 1,  rose  to  his  highest  fame  in  the  songs  of  war 
and  country  which  he  wrote  after  enlisting  as  a  Prussian  sol- 
dier in  1813 ;  in  the  August  of  which  he  met  his  death  in  battle. 
The  Library  gives  six  fine  examples 22  8725-34 

Forster,  Friedrich  Christoph  (1791-1868),  a  German  poet,  essayist, 
critic,  and  historian;  author  of  war-songs,  dramas,  historical 
studies,  and  fictions,  of  extreme  German  interest 42        196 

Ritter,  Heinrich  (1791-1869),  a  German  philosophical  writer,  of  lit- 
erary fame  for  his  profound  works  on  the  history  of  philosophy 
and  the  study  of  philosophic  science 43       460 

Grillparzer  (1791-1872),  the  greatest  of  Austrian  poets,  entered  upon 
a  brilliant  career  in  181 7,  with  his  drama  <The  Ancestress*; 
and  as  a  German  dramatist  he  ranks  with  Goethe  and  Schil- 
ler   17  6714-22 

Zumpt,  Karl  (1792-1849),  German  classical  philologist;  professor  of 
Latin  literature  at  Berlin;  author  of  a  notable  Grammar  of 
Latin,  and  of  valuable  classical  studies  43        599 

Eckermann,  Johann  Peter  (1792-1854),  a  German  poet  and  literary 
editor;  author  of  reminiscences  of  Goethe,  and  editor  of  the 
40-vol.  edition  of  Goethe's  works  (1839-40) 42        162 

Baur,  F.  C.  (i 792-1860),  eminent  German  scholar  of  advanced  views 

in  church  history 42         47 


GERMAN   LITERATURE  Cxiii 

Lachmann,  Karl  (1793-1851),  a  noted  German  philologist  and  critic; 
university  professor  at  Konigsberg  and  Berlin;  author  of  im- 
portant studies  of  the  Nibelungen,  Homer's  Iliad,  and  in  other 
German  and  classical  fields 4  3        3^9 

MUller  (1794-1827),  a  German  lyric  poet,  father  of  the  scholar  Max 
Miiller,  had  but  a  short  career  of  publication,  1815-27,  yet  his 
success  was  very  great.  The  Library  gives  an  example  eight 
pages  in  length 26  10442-52 

Amalie,  Marie  Friederike  Augusta  (1794-1870),  sister  of  King  John 
of  Saxony,  author  of  comedies  and  dramas  marked  by  careful 
delineation   of  character 42  16 

D'Aubign6,  J.  H.  Merle  (1794-1872),  Swiss  theological  professor  at 
Geneva,  and  author  of  a  noted  <  History  of  the  Reformation  > 
under  both  Luther  and  Calvin 42        133 

Diez,  Friedrich  Christian  (1794-1876),  German  critic  and  historian  of 

literature,  notable  as  the  founder  of  Romance  philology 42        145 

Zunz,  Leopold  (1794-1886),  a  German  writer  on  Jewish  religion  and 

history,  author  of  a  movement  of  Jewish   advance 43        599 

Ranke  (1795-1886),  an  eminent  improver  of  historical  research,  brought 
out  in  1824  the  earliest  of  a  succession  of  great  historical  works, 
of  which  the  most  popular  is  his  <  History  of  the  Popes,  >  and 
the  latest  a  <  History  of  the  World  >  down  to  the  Middle  Ages. 
The  Library  gives  seventeen  pages  of   examples 30  1 2074-93 

Platen  (1796-1835),  whose  activity  in  the  production  of  ballads,  lyrics, 
odes,  and  dramas  covered  the  years  1821-32,  obtained  a  high 
place  among  German  poets  by  the  exquisite  perfection  of  his 
art 29   11513-18 

Immermann  (i 796-1840),  who  produced  a  large  number  of  dramas  in 
the  twenty  years  1817-37,  is  best  known  by  two  novels,  <The 
Epigoni>  and  <  Miinchhausen,  >  which  are  very  rich  in  satire, 
humor,  poetic  feeling,  and  fine  character-drawing 20  7896-904 

Elvenich,  Peter  Joseph  (1796-1886),  a  German    Catholic   philosopher, 

the  leading  champion  of  the  movement  known  as  Hermesianism .  4  2        168 

MUIler,  Karl  Otfried  (1797-1840),  a  distinguished  German  Hellenist 
and  archaeologist;  university  professor  at  Gottingen;  author  of 
valuable  studies  of  the  literature,  art,  and  history  of  Greece.  ..43        395 

Droste-Hulshoff,  Annette  Elisabeth  von  (1797-1848),  a  German  poet 
and  novelist,  vigorous  and  original,  learned  in  science  and  re- 
ligiously devout 42        152 

Meinhold  (1797-1851),  a  Protestant  clergyman,  made  a  great  success 
of  <The  Amber  Witch,  >  purporting  to  be  a  true  witchcraft  tale  of 
the  year  1630;  is  a  fine  picture  of  thought  and  feeling  at  that 
date,  but  wholly  a  work  of  imagination  and  learning.  The  Library 
gives  eleven  pages  of  <The  Rescue  on  the  Road  to  the  Stake >.  .25  9853-66 

Heine  (1799-1856),  a  Jew  by  race,  very  German  in  feeling,  yet  settled 
in  Paris  from  1831  to  his  death  in  1856,  was  in  genius   a  lyric 
poet  hardly  second  to   Goethe.     The   Library  has  a  full  critical 
story  and  twenty-three  examples,  filling  twenty-nine  pages  .18   7185-220 
8 


Cxiv  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

Knapp,    Albert    (i 798-1864),  a   German   religious   poet,   author  of  an 

<  Evangelical  Treasury  of  Songs  for  Church  and  Home  >  taken 

from  the  liturgies  and  hymns  of  all  Christian  countries 4  3        308 

Alexis,  Wilibald    (Haring,    Wilhelm)    (i 798-1871),    German   novelist, 

notable  for  historical  tales  of  Prussia 42  12 

Bahr,  Johann  Christian  (1798-1872),  distinguished  German  philologist, 

professor   of   classical   literature    at   Heidelberg,  and   author  of 

<  History  of  Roman  Literature  ^ 42         35 

Menzel,  Wolfgang  (1798-1873),  a  German  critic  and  literary  journal- 
ist, author  of  a  large  number  of  valuable  historical  and  literary 
studies 4  3        378 

Hoffmann,  August  Heinrich  (1798-1874),  a  celebrated  German  philol- 
ogist and  poet;  author  of  poems  marked  by  simplicity  and 
pathos,  and  of  literary  and  poetical  studies  of  great  value 42        268 

Holtei,  Karl  von  (1798-1880),  a   German   actor,  dramatist,   poet,  and 

novelist ;  author  of  many  works  widely  popular 42        271 

Wolff,  Oskar  Ludwig  (i  799-1851),  a  German  novelist  and  satirist, 
professor  at  Weimar  and  Jena,  author  of  important  studies, 
and  of  <  Treasuries  >  of  German  literature 43        582 

Tholuck,  Friedrich  August  Gottreu  (1799-1877),  a  German  historical 
and  theological  writer,  author  of  biblical  and  historical  studies 
of  very  wide   influence 43        522 

Dollinger,  J.  J.  I.  (1799-1890),  an  eminent  liberal  Catholic  scholar  and 

historian,  author  of  important  historical  studies 42        149 

Birch-Pfeiffer,  Charlotte    (1800-68),  author   of  very  successful   plays, 

and  actress  of  distinction 42  60 

Bernhardy,  G.  (1800-75),  classical  philologist  and  literary  historian  .  .42         57 

Daumer,  Georg  Friedrich  (1800-75),  poet  and  philosophical  writer; 
from  1859  an  ardent  Catholic  champion,  after  some  years  of 
excessive  liberalism 42        133 

Lassen,  Christian  (1800-76),  an  eminent  German  Orientalist;  univer- 
sity professor  at  Bonn;  author  of  <The  Science  of  Indian 
Antiquity,^  and  other  Indian  studies  of  accurate  and  compre- 
hensive scholarship 43        328 

Forster,    Ernst    (1800-85),    a    German   artist,    art- writer,    and    critic; 

author  of  literary  and  art  studies  of  great  value     42        196 

Moltke,  Count  von  (1800-91),  the  famous  Prussian  field-marshal,  the 
chief  war  authority  in  the  creation  of  the  German  Empire,  and 
author  of  writings  of  great  importance  for  modern  military 
history 43        387 

Grabbe,  Christian  Dietrich  (1801-36),  a  German  dramatic  poet,  un- 
happily overthrown  by  intemperance,  yet  a  dramatist  second 
only  in  German  literature  to  Goethe  and  Schiller 42        228 

Hauff  (1802-27),  a  story-teller  of  high  originality  strikingly  bold 
ideas,  and  lucid  style,  produced  in  the  years  1826-27  volumes 
of  tales  and  a  ^series  of  romances,  which  achieved  and  have 
retained  unbounded  popularity.  The  Library  has  given  in 
nine  pages  his  *■  Story  of  the  Caliph  Stork* 17  7014-24 


GERMAN   LITERATURE 


CXV 


Berthold,  Franz  (Reinbold,  Adelheid)  (1802-39),  a  greatly  appre- 
ciated novelist 42  57 

Klemm,  Friedrich  Gustav  (1802-67),  a  German  librarian  and  histori- 
cal scholar;  author  of  travels,  and  historical  writings  of  great 
value,  including  a  <  General  History  of  Civilization,  >  a  study  of  the 
<  Science  of  Civilization,  >  and  a  six- volume  work  entitled '  Women  >  4  3        307 

Trendelenburg,  Friedrich  Adolf  (1802-72),  a  German  philosophical 
writer;  author  of  important  studies  of  the  ethics,  and  the 
aesthetics  of  law  and  justice 43        531 

Bube,  Adolf  (1802-73),  poet  and  compiler  of  legends  of  Thuringia.  ..42  80 

EttmUller,  Ludwig  (1802-77),  a  German  philological  critic,  poet,  and 
historian;  editor  of  mediaeval  masterpieces;  author  of  epic 
poems  and  of  an  Anglo-Saxon  lexicon 42        174 

Bulow,  Karl  Eduard  von  (1803-53),  a  German  story-teller 42         82 

Zinkeisen,  J.  W.  (1803-63),  German  official  editor,  author  of  a  < His- 
tory of  the  Ottoman  Empire  in  Europe  * 43        597 

Liebig,  Justus  (1803-73),  ^  German  chemist  of  distinction;  author  of 
important  researches,  and  of  writings  bearing  upon  the  chemis- 
try of  agriculture 43        342 

Ewald,  Georg  H.  A.  (1803-75),  a  German  biblical  scholar.  Orientalist, 

and  author  of  an  extended  < History  of  the  People  of  IsraeP  .  .42        175 

Bacheracht,  Theresa  von   (1804-52),  novelist  of  upper-class  German 

life,  notable  for  careful  delineation  of  character 42         33 

Morike  (1804-75),  who  published  a  successful  novel  in  1832,  and  the 
collection  of  his  poems  in  1838,  ranks  next  to  Goethe  and  Uh- 
land  as  a  chief  lyric  poet;  extremely  popular  with  the  song 
composers  as  well  as  with  the  reading  public 26   10318-22 

Gruppe,  Otto  Friedrich  (1804-76),  a  German  journalist,  university 
professor  at  Berlin,  philosopher,  poet,  and  critic;  author  of  a 
wide  variety  of  studies  and  poems  of  the  highest  merit 42        236 

Viehoff,  Heinrich  (1804-86),  a  German  historian  of  literature;  author 
of  studies,  manuals,  and  biographies,  and  of  a  large  number  of 
metrical  translations  of  French,  English,  and  Greek  plays 43        547 

Reinick,  Robert  (1805-52),  a  German  student  of  painting,  and  a  not- 
able poet;  author  of  lyrics  which  rank  among  the  best  in  Ger- 
man literature;  remarkable  for  the  childlike  humor,  simplicity, 
and  artistic  perfection  of  his  verse 43        454 

Wagner,  Rudolf  (1805-64),  a  distinguished  German  physiologist  and 
anthropologist;  university  professor  at  Gottingen;  author  of 
physiological  researches,  and  of  a  study  of  the  physiology  of 
mind,  of  notable  significance  in   modern  science 43        555 

Rodbertus,  Johann  Karl  (1805-75),  a  German  political  economist; 
author  of  the  opinion  that  all  commodities  represent  the  pro- 
duce of  labor,  and  cost  nothing  but  labor;  by  many  regarded 
as  the  founder  of  scientific  socialism 43       463 

Gervinus,  Georg  Gottfried  (1805-71),  eminent  German  historian  and 
critic,  notable  for  his  attention  to  English  history  and  litera- 
ture :  an  emiment  Shakespeare  critic 42       214 


Cxvi  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

Rosenkranz,  Johann  Karl  Friedrich  (1805-79),  a  German  philosoph- 
ical writer,  a  principal  representative  of  the  teaching  of  Hegel; 
author  of  important  works  which  have  been  translated  into 
English    43        467 

Erdmann,  Johann  Eduard  (1805-92),  a  German  expositor  of  the  phi- 
losophy of  Hegel,  author  of  histories  of  philosophy  of  great  value  4  2        172 

Froebel,  Julius  (1805-93),  German  journalist,  publicist,  and  political 
writer;  author  of  political  and  social  studies,  and  of  an  im- 
portant  story  of  experiences  and  travels  in  America 42        203 

Zeuss,  Johann  Kaspar  (1806-56),  a  German  philologist  and  historical 
writer;  author  of  important  studies  in  German  history,  and  of 
< Celtic  Grammar,)  his  greatest  work 43        595 

Zopfl,  Heinrich  M.  (1807-77),  German  jurist,  university  professor  of 
public  law  at  Heidelberg,  author  of  important  works  on  the 
history  and  principles  of  German  law 4  3        598 

Zimmermann,  Wilhelm  (1807-78),  German  poet  and  historian,  author 

of  valuable  studies  in  history  and  literature 43        596 

Burmeister,  Hermann  (1807-92),  German  writer  on  natural  history..  .42         83 

Kugler,  Franz  Theodor  (1808-58),  a  German  writer  on  art  and  art 
history;  university  professor  at  Berlin;  author  of  art  works  of 
great  influence  on  German  culture,  and  of  a  popular  <  History 
of  Frederick  the  Great* 43        316 

Mundt,  Theodor  (1808-61),  a  German  biographer,  writer  of  travels, 
critic,  and  novelist;  university  professor  at  Breslau,  and  later 
at  Berlin;  author  of  biographical  writings  and  travels,  of  im^ 
portant  critical  works,  and  of  popular  novels 43        396 

Strauss  (1808-74),  author  in  1834-35  of  a  critically  destructive  <Life 
of  Jesus,  >  the  fourth  edition  of  which  (1840)  was  translated  for 
English  readers  by  George  Eliot;  brought  out  also  <The  Christ 
of  Dogma  and  the  Jesus  of  History,*  in  1865,  a  second  <Life 
of  Jesus  >  shortly  after ;  also  a  series  of  biographies  in  the  years 
1849-70    35   14107-18 

Schulze-Delitzsch,  Hermann  (1808-83),  a  German  social  economist; 
author  of  works  specially  touching  the  interests  of  workingmen, 
and  of  a  study  of  People's  banks 43       485 

Droysen,  Johann  Gustav  (1808-84),  a  German  scholar,  noted  for  trans- 
lation from  ^schylus  and  for  important  biographical  and  his- 
torical studies 42        152 

Weil,  Gustav  (1808-89),  a  German  historian  and  Orientalist;  university 
professor  at  Heidelberg;  author  of  contributions  of  great  im- 
portance to  the  history  of  Mohammedanism,  and  of  Arabic 
literature 43        566 

Becker,   Nikolaus    (1809-45),  a   German   popular  poet  and  author  of 

the  German  Rhine-song 42         49 

Mendelssohn  (1809-47),  author  of  the  oratorio  < Elijah*  and  of  a  great 
body  of  orchestral  works  and  chamber  music;  is  of  interest  in 
literature  through  the  charm  of  his  letters.  The  Library  gives 
nine  examples 25  9886-99 


GERMAN   LITERATURE  CXVii 

Bauer,  Bruno  (1809-82),  German  biblical  critic  and  scholar;  an  extreme 

new  departure  rationalist 42         47 

Hoffmann,  Heinrich  (1809-94),  a  German  physician;  author  of  comical 
pictures  drawn  to  amuse  children,  and  universally  circulated 
throughout  Europe ;  also  of  several  volumes  of  drama  and  verse.  4  2       268 

Schumann,  Robert  (1810-56),  a  noted  German  composer,  song- writer, 
and  musical  critic;  author  of  musical  compositions,  including 
almost  every  form  except  oratorio,  and  of  writings  on  music 
and  musicians 43       486 

Meyr,  Melchior  (1810-71),  a  German  novelist,  poet,  and  philosophical 
writer;  author  of  stories  describing  peasant  life  which  are 
among  the  very  best  village  tales;  also  of  poems,  tragedies, 
romances,  and  religious  philosophical  writings 43        381 

Reuter  (1810-74),  whose  great  success  began  in  1853  and  culminated 
in  a  collected  edition  of  his  works  in  1868,  ranks  as  the  most 
eminent  of  German  realistic  novelists.  The  Library  gives  ex- 
amples from  two  of  his  masterpieces,  <My  Apprenticeship  on 
the  Farm>  and  <In  the  Year  'i3> 31    12195-205 

Freiligrath  (1810-76),  whose  work  as  a  poet  in  the  years  1838-76  was 
brilliantly  successful,  and  whose  translations  from  English  and 
French  showed  surpassing  skill,  represented  ardent  radicalism 
in  politics  and  reached  his  highest  fame  through  his  impas- 
sioned songs  of  freedom 15  6002-10 

Klein,  Julius  Leopold  (1810-76),  a.  German  dramatist  and  dramatic 
historian ;  author  of  historical  tragedies  and  of  comedies,  and  of 
an  immense  unfinished  dramatic  history  of  all  peoples 43       307 

Lepsius,  Karl  Richard  (1810-84),  a  distinguished  German  Egyptolo- 
gist; author  of  disquisitions  of  great  importance  on  topics  of 
Egyptian  research,  of  a  translation  of  the  <Book  of  the  Dead,> 
and  of  a  magnificent  work  in  twelve  volumes  on  the  monu- 
ments of  Egypt  and  Ethiopia 43        337 

Gumpert,  Thekla  von  (1810-),  a  popular  German  author  of  excellent 

books  for  children 42        240 

Kunstmann,  Friedrich  (181 1-67),  German  historical  and  geographical 
writer;  university  professor  in  Munich;  author  of  studies  of 
discovery  in  Africa  and  America,  and  of  a  valuable  contribu- 
tion to  Anglo-Saxon  history 43       316 

Benedix,  R.   J.  (1811-73),   extraordinarily  popular  author  of  a  long 

catalogue  of  comedies 42         53 

Ketteler,  Wilhelm  Emanuel  von  (181 1-77),  a  distinguished  German 
Roman  Catholic  prelate,  one  of  the  ablest  of  the  ultramontan- 
ists.  author  of  important  works  on  the  questions  of  the  day     .  4  3       302 

Duncker,  Max  Wolfgang  (1811-86),  German  historian;  author  of  elab- 
orate historical  investigations  on  Feudalism,  on  the  Reforma- 
tion, and  on  ancient  history  generally 42        156 

Hefner-Alteneck,  Jacob  Heinrich  von  (1811-),  a  German  art-writer  of 
distinction,  author  of  numerous  works  of  importance  for  the 
history  of  art  in  the  Middle  Ages 42       257 


Cxviii  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

Bergk,  Theodor  (1812-81),  classical  philologist,  author  of  scholarly- 
works  on  Greek  literature    42  56 

Auerbach  (1812-82),  author  of   novels,  tales,  and  studies  of    Spinoza, 

is  best  known  by  his  novel  *■  On  the  Heights  > 3    961-98 

Bernstein,  Aaron  (1812-84),  radical  publicist  and  novelist 42         57 

Zacharia  von  Lingenthal,  Karl  Eduard  (1812-94),  a  German  writer  on 
jurisprudence,  regarded  as  the  founder  of  the  science  of  Greek 
or  Roman  jurisprudence;  author  of  writings  on  the  subject  of 
the  first  importance 43        592 

Biedermann,  Karl  (181 2-),  publicist  and  writer  of  literary  and  philo- 
sophical history 42  59 

Btlchner,  Georg  ( 1813-37),  German  revolutionary  poet 42         81 

Hebbel,  Friedrich  (1813-63),  a  German  poet  and  dramatist,  author  of 

plays  and  poems  which  raised  him  to  the  first  rank  in  Vienna.  4  2       256 

Wagner  (1813-83),  whose  activity  as  a  writer  in  the  years  1843-83 
was  hardly  less  ,than  that  devoted  to  musical  composition,  gave 
abundant  proofs  of  his  genius  as  a  poet  and  a  thinker,  and  of 
rare  character  as  a  devotee  of  high  ideals.  The  Library  gives 
twelve  pages  of  examples 38   15499-516 

Delitzsch,  Franz  (1813-go),  a  German  university  professor  at  Leipsic, 

author  of  numerous  religious  and  theological  works 42        138 

MUhlbach,  Luise  (1814-73),  a  German  novelist,  wife  of  Theodor 
Mundt;  a  very  prolific  writer  of  popular  historical  and  other 
novels _  ...  4  3        394 

Dingelstedt  (1814-81),  author  of  poems,  dramas,  and  novels  (1838-81), 

was  preeminently  a  theatrical  manager 12  4704-10 

Hoffmann,  Franz  (1814-82),  a  German  writer  of  books  for  children, 
which  have  been  translated  into  all  civilized  tongues;  founder 
also  of  a  popular  German  periodical  for   children 42       268 

Curtius  (1814-96),  an  eminent  archaeologist,  historian,  and  university 
professor  (1844-96),  especially  distinguished  himself  by  his  <  His- 
tory of  Greece. >    The  Library  has  nine  pages  on  Socrates.  .  .  .10  4241-50 

Zeller,  Eduard  (1814-),  an  eminent  German   historian  of  philosophy; 

university  professor  at  Heidelberg  and  Berlin ;  author  of  a  com-  > 
prehensive  history  of  Greek  philosophy,  and  of  important   re- 
searches in   early  Christian  history 43        595 

Boas,  Eduard  (1815-53),  poet  and  novelist 42         64 

Bottger,  Adolf  (1815-70),  German  translator  of  Byron,  Pope,  Ossian, 

etc 42         69 

Tischendorf,  L.  F.  K.  von  (1815-74),  a  celebrated  German  biblical 
scholar,  university  professor  at  Leipsic,  author  of  most  import- 
ant critical  studies  and  editions  of  the  Greek  original  of  the 
New  Testament 43        527 

Zumpt,  August  (1815-77),  German  classical  scholar,  author  of  a  series 

of  valuable  studies 43        599 

Kinkel,  Johann  Gottfried  (1815-82),  a  distinguished  German  poet  and 
historian  of  art ;  author  of  remarkably  fine  narrative  poems  and 
tales,  and  of  a  valuable  study  of  Ancient  Christian  Art 43       305 


GERMAN   LITERATURE  CXlx 

Geibel  (1815-84),  who  joined  Curtius  in  a  volume  of  classical  studies 
in  1840,  and  who  greatly  enriched  German  literature  by  trans- 
lations from  the  poets  of  France,  Spain,  and  Portugal,  was 
best  known  by  poems  of  rare  beauty  and  by  strong  political 
poems 15  6248-52 

Schack,  Count  von  (1815-94),  a  distinguished  German  Oriental  scholar, 
and  historian  of  literature;  author  of  important  studies  of  Span- 
ish and  Arabic  literature,  and  of  translations  of  many  Oriental 
classics 43       482 

Bismarck  (1815-98),  whose  career  as  a  statesman  filled  the  years 
1847-49,  is  of  extreme  literary  interest  in  his  letters  and  other 
memorials.     The  Library  has  twenty-four  pages  of  examples  .  .  5   1929-58 

Muller,  Wolfgang  (1816-73),  a  German  physician  and  political  leader 

who  became  of  note  later  as  a  lyric  and  epic  poet  and  novelist.  4  3       396 

Hacklander,  F.  W.  von  (1816-77),  a  German  romance-writer  and  hu- 
morist, author  of  popular  works  which  give  him  a  position  of 
great  distinction. 42        242 

Adami,  Friedrich  (1816-93),  German  author  of  dramas,  stories,  novels, 
and  biographies  of  Emperor  William  and  Queen  Louise  of 
Prussia 42      .    4 

Freytag  (1816-95),  a  foremost  German  novelist,  and  a  dramatist, 
whose  comedy,  <The  Journalists,  >  is  called  the  best  of  the 
century ;  is  best  known  by  two  great  novels,  <  Debit  and  Credit  > 
and  <The  Lost  Manuscript,  >  and  by  his  series  of  novels, 
<The  Ancestors,*  in  which  a  typical  German  family  is  followed 
•        through  successive  epochs  of  German  history 15  6011-21 

Ludwig,  Karl  (1816-95),  an  eminent  German  physiologist,  university 
professor  at  Leipsic,  author  of  works  of  fundamental  im- 
portance for  medical  science  and  natural  history 43       353 

Gneist,  Rudolph  (1816-),  a  German  jurist,  politician,  and  historical 
writer ;  an  instructor  in  political  science ;  member  of  the  Prussian 
Parliament  since  1858;  and  notable  for  his  works  on  English 
constitutional  and  parliamentary  law 42        221 

Cabanis,  Jean  Louis    (1816-),  German  ornithological  writer  of  great 

authority  in  the  science 42  87 

Herwegh,  Georg  (1817-75),  an  eminent  German  poet,  an  exile  from 
Prussia  because  of  his  intense  radicalism,  author  of  poems 
which  are  the  finest  expression  in  verse  of  the  more  ardent 
patriotism  of  the  time 42        262 

Wildermuth,  Madame   Ottilia    (1817-77),  German  novelist,    author  of 

novels  of  home  life  and  of  stories  for  the  young 43        575 

Lotze,  Rudolf  Hermann  (1817-81),  a  German  professor  of  mental 
philosophy,  one  of  the  first  to  promote  the  development  of 
physiological  psychology,  and  author  of  important  works  in 
this  and  allied  departments 43        350 

Storm  (1817-88),  one  of  the  great  masters  of  the  short  story  of  char- 
acter and  sentiment;  began  as  a  lyric  poet  in  1843,  but  from 
his  first  great  success  as  a   novelist,  his    <Immen-see>   in    1850, 


cxx 


GERMAN   LITERATURE 


te  wrote  stories,  chronicle  novels  delineating  North  German 
life,  and  most  charming  tales  for  children.  The  Library  gives 
ten  pages  of  < Immen-see > 35   14039-50 

Francois,  Luise  von  (1817-93),  German  novelist;  author  of  stories 
very  strong  in  character  delineation,  and  of  a  popular  history 
of  the  *  Prussian  War  of  Liberation  ^ .   42        199 

Sybel,  Heinrich  von  (1817-95),  an  eminent  German  historical  writer, 

author  cf  elaborate  historical  works  of  very  great  German  interest  .43        512 

Mommsen  (1817-),  Germany's  greatest  scholar  in  history,  and  profes- 
sor of  ancient  history  at  Berlin  since  1858,  is  best  represented 
by  his  < History  of  Rome.*  The  Library  gives  in  eight  pages 
his  <  Character   of  Caesar  > 26  10206-16 

Wuttke,  Heinrich  (1818-76),  a  German  historian  and  political  leader, 
university  professor  at  Leipsic,  founder  and  prominent  repre- 
sentative in  the  National  Assembly  of  the  « Great  German » 
party,  author  of  works  of  importance  for  German  history 43        586 

Marx,  Karl  (1818-83),  German  radical  journalist  1842-48,  the  con- 
trolling spirit  of  the  International  1864-72,  author  of  <  Capital,* 
the  great  hand-book  of  German  Socialism 43        371 

Schmidt,  Heinrich  Julian  (1818-86),  a  Prussian  journalist  and  histor- 
ical writer,  author  of  works  especially  valuable  for  the  history 
of  German  culture  since  the  Reformation 43        484 

Ebrard,  Johannes  H.  A.  (1818-88),  German  theological  writer,  dram- 
atist, and  literary  critic;  specially  eminent  as  leader  of  a  gen- 
eral reform  movement  in  theology 42        161 

Du  Bois-Reymond,  Emil  (1818-),  an  eminent  German  scientist;  au- 
thor of  chemical,  electrical,  and  physiological  researches  of 
great  importance 42        i53 

Auer,  Adelheid  von  (1818-),    German  author  of  stories  of  real  life, 

conservative  in  tone 42         29 

Schneckenburger,  Max  (1819-49),  a  German  verse-writer;  author  of 
<The  Watch  on  the  Rhine,*  which  became  a  national  song  in 
the  Franco-Prussian  war 43       484 

Schwegler,  Albert  (1819-57),  a  German  philosophical  writer;  author 
of  a  valuable  compendious  <  History  of  Philosophy,*  and  of  a  <  His- 
tory of  Greek  Philosophy  * 43        486 

Hesekiel,  Georg  Ludwig  (1819-74),  a  German  journalist,  story-writer 
and  poet;  author  of  Prussian  songs  in  1846  which  made  him 
famous,  and  of  numerous  political  novels;  also  of  an  important 

and  popular  biographical  study  of  Bismarck 42        262 

Dohm,  Ernst  (1819-83),  a  German  humorist,  one  of  the  founders  of 
the    comic    journal    Kladderadatsch ;   author    of    comedies    and 

farces;  his  wife  author  of  volumes  on  woman's   rights 42        148 

Dulk,  Albert  F.  (1819-84),  a  German  dramatist,  author  of  works  ad- 
vocating a  new  religious  movement  apart  from  Christianity.  .  .  .42        i55 
Keller  (1815-90),  whose  chief  work  was  done  in  the  years  1854-86,  at- 
tained his  greatest  success  in  his  stories  and  tales,  such  as  the 
collection  called  <Seldwyla  Folk*  picturing  Swiss  life 21   8518-28 


GERMAN   LITERATURE  CXXl 

Bodenstedt  (1819-92),  author  of  poems,  romances,  novels,  and  dramas, 
and  of  translations  from  the  Persian  (1843-74),  had  his  greatest 
success  with  the  <  Songs  of  Mirza-Schaffy,>  portraying  Oriental 
life.     The  Library  has  twelve  examples 5  2116-27 

Jordan,  Wilhelm  (1819-),  an  eminent  German  publicist,  poet,  and 
story- writer ;  notable  for  liberal  political  aspirations,  and  moder- 
ate efforts  for  thorough  social  reform 42       293 

Teuffel,  Wilhelm  (1820-78),  a  German  literary  historiam  and  essayist, 
university  professor  at  Tiibingen,  author  of  a  great  work  on 
the  <  History  of  Roman  Literature  > 43        520 

Mtiller,  Wilhelm  (1820-92),  a  German  historian;  professor  at  Tii- 
bingen ;  author  of  elaborate  histories  of  special  German  interest, 
and  of  important  German  biographies 43        396 

Waltz,  Theodor  (1821-64),  a  distinguished  German  psychologist  and 
anthropologist,  author  of  notable  contributions  to  the  study  of 
the  origin  and  early  history  of  man   43        555 

BUchner,  Luise  (1821-77),  German  poet  and  novelist 42         81 

Hettner,  Hermann  Theodor  (1821-82),  a  German  historian  and  uni- 
versity professor;  author  of  valuable  studies  on  Literature....   42       263 

Elze,  Karl  (1821-89),  a  German  scholar  in  English  literature;  author 

of  critical  editions  of  Shakespeare .42        169 

Gregorovius,  Ferdinand  (1821-91),  a  German  poet  and  historian;  au- 
thor of  scholarly  critical  and  historical  essays,  works  of  travel 
and  description,  poems  of  high  character,  and  important  his- 
torical works  of  which  <  The  City  of  Rome  in  the  Middle  Ages  > 
is   most  notable 42        232 

Allmers,  Hermann  (1821-),  German  author  of  poems  portraying  nat- 
ure and  people  of  the  country  near  Bremen ;  also  of  a  work  de- 
lineating   Italian   life 42  15 

Virchow,  Rudolf  (1821-),  a  distinguished  German  pathologist  and 
anthropologist,  author  of  numerous  contributions  to  medical 
and  other  sciences  43        549 

Schliemann,  Heinrich  (1822-90),  a  German  explorer  and  discoverer 
in  Greece,  author  of  very  interesting  and  valuable  reports  of 
excavations  on  the  sites  of  ancient  Hellenic  cities 43       484 

Braun,  Karl  (1822-93),  political  writer,  and  Free  Trade  advocate   .  .  .42         73 

Weizsacker,  Karl  Heinrich  (1822-),  a  distinguished  German  scholar, 
university  professor  at  Tiibingen,  author  of  works  of  great 
importance  on  the  origin  and  earliest  history  of  Christianity  .  .43        567 

Pauli,  Reinhold  (1823-82),  a  German  historical  writer,  author  of  a 
series  of  works  of  extreme  interest  and  importance  for  English 
history 43        419 

Redwitz-Schmolz,  Oskar  (1823-91),  a  Gennan  poet;  notable  for  an 
epic  written  in  praise  of  Roman  Catholicism,  and  for  other 
later  works  of  an  equally  high  order 43       453 

Riehl,  Wilhelm  Heinrich  (1823-97),  a  German  publicist,  novelist,  and 
historian ;  author  of  historical  and  ethnological  works  of  import- 
ance, and  of  novels  based  upon  his  studies 43       459 


cxxii  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

Gottschall  (1823-),  who  began  with  <  Songs,*  boldly  outspoken  for 
freedom,  in  1842,  and  later  produced  dramas,  narrative  poems, 
volumes  of  verses,  and  novels,  has  been  especially  eminent  as 
a  critic,  and  author  of  *  Portraits  and  Studies.*  The  Library 
gives  his  portrait  of  Heine 16  6571-78 

Genee,  Rudolf  (1824-),  a  German  literary  critic,  dramatist,  and  poet; 
specially  successful  as  a  German  interpreter  of  Shakespeare, 
and  author  of  pla^^s  of  high  character 42       212 

Fischer  (1824-),  a  brilliant  university  professor  at  Heidelberg  1850-53, 
at  Jena  in  the  chair  of  Fichte,  Schelling,  and  Hegel  1856-72, 
and  again  at  Heidelberg  as  Zeller's  successor  since  1872;  has 
had  brilliant  success  as  an  expositor,  first  of  philosophy  in  its 
modern  masters,  and  second  of  literature  in  such  examples  as 
Shakespeare,  Goethe,  Schiller,  and  Lessing.  The  Library  gives 
six  pages  of  his  study  of  <  Faust  > 14   5766-76 

Lassalle,  Ferdinand  (1825-64),  a  German  philosophical  thinker  and 
political  leader,  spokesman  of  the  German  working-class,  founder 
of  the  Social  Democracy,  and  author  of  numerous  Socialist 
writings 43        328 

Keim,  Karl  Theodor  (1825-78),  a  noted  German  critical  historian,  au- 
thor of  exhaustive  critical  studies  of  the  life  and  teaching  of 
Christ 42        299 

Falke,  Jacob  von  (1825-),  a  German  art  historian  and  connoisseur, 
administrator  of  art  galleries,  and  author  of  art  writings;  not- 
able for  learning  and  judgment 42        178 

Meyer,  Konrad  Ferdinand  (1825-),  a  distinguished  poet  and  novelist; 

author  of  ballads,  romances,  and  novels  very  widely  popular..  .43        380 

Hanslick,  Eduard  (1825-),  a  German  musical  critic,  university  pro- 
fessor at  Vienna,  in  knowledge  of  music  and  literary  style 
recognized  as  surpassing  all  others 42        247 

Meyer  (1825-),  the  veteran  chief  of  German  novelistic  literature  at 
the  end  of  the  nineteenth  century,  first  brought  out  poems  in 
1867,  1870,  and  1871,  and  then  the  long  array  of  masterly  and 
most  finished  historical  fictions  on  which  his  fame  rests.  The 
Library  has  ten  pages  from  the  one  in  which  Dante  figures  .  2  5  9965-76 

Ueberweg,    Friedrich   (1826-71),   a   German  historian   of  philosophy, 

author  of  very  valuable  histories  of  philosophy  and  of  logic.  ..43        537 

Scheffel  (1826-86),  the  greatest  popular  success  in  German  literature, 
published  in  1854  his  romantic  love  tale  <The  Trumpeter,*  and 
in  1855  his  novel  <Ekkehard>;  and  in  1895  the  poem  had 
reached  its  two  hundred  and  sixteenth  edition  and  the  novel 
its  one  hundred  and  forty-fourth,  while  his  <Gaudeamus,>  a 
volume  of  student-songs,  has  passed  its  sixtieth  edition.  The 
Library  gives  twenty-five  pages  of  examples  from  the  three 
works  named 32   12837-64 

Lubke,  Wilhelra  (1826-93),  a  German  historian  of  art;  author  of  a 
series  of  works  of  great  importance  for  the  history  of  art  and 
of  culture  in  general , ^ 43       352 


GERMAN   LITERATURE  CXxiii 

Liebknecht,  Wilhelm  (i8e6-),  a  German  journalist  and  socialist  leader; 
editor-in-chief  of  Vorwarts,  the  organ  of  the  Social  Democratic 
party ;  and  author  of  biographical  and  social  studies  of  importance .  4  3       342 

Chrysander,  Friedrich  (1826-),  a  German  historian  of  music,  of  special 
authority  on  the  annals  and  epochs  of  music,  notable  as  the 
biographer  of  Handel,  and  author  of  critical  papers  on  oratorio .  4  2        108 

Eichrodt,  Ludwig  (1827-92),  German  humorist  poet,  author  of  a  great 

number  of  comic  pieces  never  without  serious  purpose 42        166 

BUchner,  Alexander  (1827-),  German  critic  and  historian  of  literature.  42         81 

Frenzel,  Karl  Wilhelm  (1827-),  a  German  author  of  historical  essays, 

dramatic  criticisms,  historical  novels,  and  other  stories 42       202 

Grosse,  Julius  (1828-),  a  very  popular  and  prolific  German  poet,  story- 
writer,  and  dramatist,  familiar  to  the  German  stage 42       235 

Btldinger,  Max  (1828-),  German  author  of  ^Austrian  History  >  (to  the 

mediaeval  period) ,  of  great  influence  in  the  universities 42         81 

Ahlwardt,  Theodor  Wilhelm   (1828-),   German  Orientalist,  author  of 

works  of  the  highest  authority  on  Arabic  poetry 42  7 

Bolanden,  Konrad  von  (Bischoff,  J.  E.  K.)  (1828-),   German  Catholic 

novelist,  brilliantly  anti-Protestant 42         66 

Grimm,  Herman  (1828-),  the  chief  living  representative  of  German 
culture;  began  to  publish  stories  in  1856,  and  essays  in  1858, 
and  attained  distinction  by  his  <Life  of  Michael  Angelo,>  <Life 
of  Raphael,  >  a  fascinating  volume  of  lectures  on  Goethe,  and  a 
large  two-volume  study  of  Homer's  Iliad.  The  Library  gives 
seven  pages  on  Florence 17  6723-32 

Hillebrand,  Karl  (1829-84),  a  German  critic  and  historian;  author  of 
valuable  historical  and  literary  studies  in  German,  French, 
Italian,  and  English    42       265 

Brehm,  Alfred  E.  (1829-84),  naturalist  and  zoologist;  author  of  < Animal 

Life,*  illustrated 42         73 

Janssen,  Johannes  (1829-91),  an  eminent  German  Roman  Catholic 
scholar,  notable  for  a  great  <  History  of  the  German  People 
since  the  Close  of  the  Middle  Ages > 42       287 

Spielhagen  (1829-),  an  author  of  great  productivity  and  wide  popu- 
larity, brought  out  his  greatest  work,  <  Problematic  Natures,  >  in 
1859.     The  Library  gives  an  example  of  ten  pages 35   13772-84 

Heyse  (1830-),  author  of  poems,  lyric,  epic,  and  dramatic,  but  best 
known  by  his  novels,  <  Children  of  the  World  >  and  <In  Para- 
dise*; ranks  among  the  foremost  of  modern  German  writers. 
The  Library  has  ten  pages  from  <  Children  of  the  World  >  .    .  1 8  7333-44 

Jager,  Oskar  (1830-),  a  German  educator  and  historian,  of  distinc- 
tion for  his  educational  views,  and  an  author  of  extremely  val- 
uable historical  and  biographical  studies 42       286 

Zittel,    Emil    (1831-),   German  religious  writer,   author   of  works  of 

instruction  in  Biblical  knowledge 4  3       597 

Sachs,  Julius  von  (1832-),  a  celebrated  German  botanist,  author  of 
elaborate  text-books,  and  of  treatises  of  great  importance  on 
the  history  of  botany  and  on  plant  physiology 43       475 


Cxxiv  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

Wundt,  Wilhelm  Max  (183  2-),  a  distinguished  German  physiologist, 
university  professor  at  Leipsic,  author  of  important  works  of 
research  in  physiology  with  special  application  to  psychology.  .43        586 

Dernburg,  Friedrich    (1S33-),  an  eminent   journalist,  political   writer, 

and  novelist,  of  the  Germany  of  to-day 42        140 

Zcckler,    Otto    (1833-),    German   theologian,    university   professor   at 

Greifswald,  author  of  numerous  important  works 43        597 

Zollner,  Johann  Karl    (1834-82),    German    physicist   and  astronomer, 

university  professor  at  Leipsic,  author  of  numerous  researches .  4  3        598 

Weismann,  August  (1834-),  a  celebrated  German  zoologist,  author  of 

studies  in  evolution  designed  to  solve  the  problem  of   heredity.  43        567 

Haeckel  (1834-),  the  foremost  of  German  naturalists,  has  added  to 
his  great  contributions  to  science,  a  variety  of  popular  writings 
of  high  literary  character.  The  Library  gives  nine  pages  from 
his  <  A  Visit  to   Ceylon  > 17  6781-92 

Dahn  (1834-),  distinguished  as  a  historian,  novelist,  poet,  and  drama- 
tist, is  best  known  to  readers  generally  by  his  great  historical 
romance  <The  Struggle  for  Rome^  (1876),  and  by  the  series  of 
historical  novels  called  ^  Short  Novels  from  the  Wandering  of 
the  Nations  > 10  4267-77 

Hopfen,  Hans  von  (1835-),  a  German  poet  and  novelist,  notable  for 
originality  and  picturesqueness,  and  for  graphic  delineation  of 
character  and  customs;  one  of  the  best  contemporary  German 
writers 42        273 

Landois,  Hermann  (1835-),  a  German  zoologist  of  distinction;  author 
of  text -books  in  zoology  and  botany,  and  of  valuable  and  inter-  ' 
esting  studies  in   natural   history 43        324 

Byr,   Robert  (von  Bayer,  Karl  Robert  Emerich)  (1835-),   since    1862 

a  most  prolific  German  author  of  popular  stories 42         86 

Brackel,  F.,  Baroness  von  (1835-),  novelist  treating  questions  of  the 

day  from  the  Catholic  point   of  view 42  71 

Wagner,    Adolf   (183  5-),    a    German   political    economist,    author  of 

works  upholding  socialistic  views 43        554 

Hertz,  Wilhelm  (1835-),  German  poet,  university  professor  in  Munich, 

and  a  lecturer  and  critic  of  high  authority 42        262 

Heigel,  Karl  von  (183 5-),  a  German  poet,  author  of  numerous  plays 

and  several  volumes  of  verse 42        257 

Detlef,    Karl    (Bauer,    Klara)    (1836-76),   author   of    interesting    and 

valuable  novels  of  character 42        142 

Bunge,    Rudolf   (1836-),    German    author   of   cycle  of  five   tragedies 

showing  action  on  nations  of  Christianity 42         82 

Thorbecke,  Heinrich  (1837-90),  a  German  Orientalist,  university  pro- 
fessor at  Halle,  author  of  works  of  special  importance  for  the 
history  of  Arabic  language  and  literature 43        525 

Wilbrandt,  Adolf  (1837-),  a  German  poet,  dramatist,  and  novelist; 
author  of  tragedies  and  comedies  successful  throughout  Ger- 
many, and  of  novels  treating  the  great  social  and  literary  ques- 
tions of  his  day 43        575 


GERMAN    LITERATURE  CXXV 

Jensen,  Wilhelm  (1837-),  a  German  poet,  novelist,  dramatist,  and 
miscellaneous  writer;  author  especially  of  novels  which  have 
achieved  wide  popularity 42        289 

Ebers  (1837-),  an  Egyptian  archaeologist  and  historical  novelist  deal- 
ing with  ancient  Egyptian  life  and  scenes,  is  best  known  by 
his  <The  Egyptian  Princess,*  from  which  the  Library  gives  an 
example  nine  pages  in  length 13  5091-100 

Lippert,  Julius  (1839-),  a  German  historical  writer;  author  of  im- 
portant studies  in  the  history  of  Hebrew  religion,  and  of 
European  civilization 43       344 

Fastenrath,  Johannes  (1839-),  a  German  poet  and  story-teller,  who 
has  especially  devoted  his  life  to  writings  and  translations 
bringing  Spanish  literature  and  life  to  German  knowledge 42        180 

Zittel,  Karl  Alfred  (1839-),  German  geologist  and  palaeontologist,  uni- 
versity professor  at  Munich,  author  of  travels  and  studies 43       597 

Bebel,   Ferd.  Aug.    (1840-),  eminent   German   socialist,   author,   and 

political  leader 42         49 

Baumbach,   Rudolf   (1840-),    German   poet,    author   of  poetical   tales 

based  upon  ancient  popular  legends 42         47 

Heiberg,  Hermann  (1840-),  a  German  publisher,  journalist,  and 
novelist;  author  of  numerous  stories,  essays,  and  very  success- 
ful novels 42       257 

Hoist  (1841-),  a  German  student  of  American  history,  settled  since 
1892  in  the  United  States,  is  best  known  by  his  <  Constitutional 
and  Political  History  of  the  United  States.  >  The  Library  gives 
his  sketch  of  Mirabeau  in  eight  pages i  g  7496-504 

Hartmann,  Eduard  von  (1842-),  very  distinguished  German  philosoph- 
ical writer;  author  of  a  great  variety  of  expositions  of  spec- 
ulative, ethical,  religious,  and  social  thought 42       251 

Eggeling,  Julius  (1842-),  a  German  Sanskrit  scholar  and  critic,  uni- 
versity professor  in  England  and  Scotland,  and  author  of  valu- 
able translations 42        165 

Zupitza,  Julius  (1844-95),  professor  'at  Berlin  of  English  language  and 

literature,  author  of  studies  in  Old  English  of  great  value 43       599 

BlUthgen,  A.  E.  V.  (1844-),  writer  of  novels,  romances,  and  stories 

for  the  young 42         64 

Herrig,  Hans  (1845-92),  a  German  journalist,  dramatist,  and  poet;  au- 
thor of  successful  plays,  and  notably  that  arranged  and  written 
for  the  Luther  Jubilee  of  1883 42       261 

Grisebach,  Eduard  (1845-),  a  German  poet,  critic,  and  historian  of  lit- 
erature; author  of  masterly  literary  studies,  and  very  import- 
ant for  his  editing  of  Schopenhauer 42       235 

Eckstein,  Ernst  (1845-),  German  humorist,  journalist,  poet,  and  nov- 
elist; a  very  prolific  author  of  brilliant  humorous  sketches 42        162 

Korting,  Gustav  (1845-),  a  German  literary  historian  and  philologist; 
author  of  many  and  valuable  special  works,  including  an  ex- 
cellent history  of  English  literature 43       3^3 


CXxvi  GERMAN   LITERATURE 

Wildenbruch,  Ernst  von  (1845-),  German  author  of  dramas  played 
with  great  success  throughout  Germany,  and  of  stories,  novels, 

songs,  ballads,  and  hymns  of  great  popularity 43        575 

Ziegler,  Theobald  (1846-),  a  German  philosophical  writer;  university 
professor  at  Strasburg;  author  of  religious,  social,  and  educa- 
tional studies 43        596 

Conrad,  Michael   Georg  (1846-),  German  novelist,  founder  at  Munich 
(1885)  of  a  «  naturalistic  »  journal,  and  a  writer  on  social  and  po- 
litical questions 42        118 

Egelhaaf,  Gottlob  (1848-),  a  German  author  of  histories  of  Germany, 
covering  the  Reformation  and  later  periods,  and  of  a  biography 

of  the  Emperor  William 42        165 

Hoffmann,  Hans  (1848-),  a  German  educator,  novelist,  and  poet;  au- 
thor of  widely  popular  volumes  of  IjtIcs  and  narrative  poems, 

and  of  successful  novels 42        268 

Blumenreich,  Franziska  (1849-),  author  of  numerous  novels,  and  zeal- 
ous advocate  of  woman's  rights 42         64 

Bulthaupt,  Heinrich  Alfred  (1849-),  German  poet  and  dramatist 42         82 

Zorn,  Philipp  (1850-),  German  author  of  works  of  importance  on  pub- 
lic and  church  law,  —  university  professor  at  Konigsberg 43        599 

Arnold,  Hans  (von  Bulow,  Bertha)  (1850),  German  author  of  ex- 
tremely popular  stories  and  of  good  comedies 42  26 

Engel,  Eduard  (1851-),   German   literary  critic,   author  of  important 

studies  in  English  and  American  literature 42        170 

Zoller,  Hugo  (1852-),   German  author  of  important  travels,  especially 

notable  for  promoting  German  acquisitions  in  West  Africa  ....  4  3        598 

Blumenthal,  Oskar  (1852-),  dramatist,  essayist,  and  critic 42         64 

Wissmann,  Hermann  von  (1853-),  a  German  African  explorer,  com- 
mander   of    important    expeditions  of   research   entirely  across 
Africa,  and  author  of  important  works  on  African  explorations.  43        581 
Aar   Alexis    (1853-),   the    name    under    which    Anselm  Rumpelt  be- 
came noted  for  German  historical  lyrics 42  i 

Friedrichs,  Hermann  (1854-).  a  German  poet  and  story-writer  of  dis- 
tinction   in    periodical    journalism,  and    author    of    poems    and 

stories  of  high  literary  quality 42        202 

Kretzer,   Max  (1854-),  a  German   novelist;   a   prolific   and   powerful 

realist,  several  of  whose  works  have  been  on  socialism 43       315 

Ambrosias,  Johanna  (1854-),  a  peasant  farm-wife  of  Eastern  Prussia, 
became  known  for  occasional  verse  of  rare  quality,  and  a  col- 
lection of  her  poems  has  gone  through  twenty-six  editions. 
The   Library  gives  an  example  of  her  prose,  as  well  as  of  her 

poems,  a  perfect  gem  of  story i    446-53 

Wolzogen,  Ernst  von  (185 5-),  a  German  novelist,  dramatist,  and  critic; 

author  of  notable  stories,  studies,  and  biographies 43        583 

Ganghofer,  Ludwig  (1855-),  a  German  dramatist  and  novelist;  author 
of  novels  of  great  repute,  and  of  dramas  played  in  all  the  cap- 
itals of  Europe 4 2       207 


SWISS  LITERATURE  cxxvii 

Hart,  Heinrich  (1855-),  and  Julius  (1859-),  German  poets  and  critics, 
representatives  of  naturalism  in  literature,  and  projectors  of 
successful  periodical  publications 42        250 

Sudermann  (1857-),  whose  novel  <Dame  Care,*  in  1886,  was  his  first 
great  success,  and  whose  drama  <  Honor,  >  in  1889,  was  also  a 
very  great  success,  has  risen  to  the  highest  rank,  both  as  a 
novelist  and  as  a  dramatist,  in  his  subsequent  work.  The  Li- 
brary has  fourteen  pages  of  choice  examples 35   14163-80 

Zintgraff,  Eugen  (1858-),  a  German  African  traveler,  author  of  a  work 

on  the  Cameroons 4  3        597 

Bleibtreu,   Karl  A.  (1859-),  an    extreme  radical  and  realist  poet  and 

novelist 42         63 

Bohlau,  Helena  (1859-),  German  realistic  novelist  of  marked  power  .42         65 

Billow,  Margarete  von  (1860-85),  a  German  author  of  novels  of  char- 
acter     42         82 

Conradi,  Hermann  (1862-90),  a  German  literary  critic  and  essayist,  an 
extreme  representative  of  radical  realism,  visited  with  legal 
penalties  for  his  story  of  <  Adam  Man>  (1889) 42        118 

Alberti,  Konrad  (Sittenfeld,    Konrad)  (1862-),    German   novelist  and 

dramatic  critic,  strongly  representative  of  naturalism 42  9 

Hauptmann  (1862-),  the  newest  of  German  writers,  is  one  of  singular 
power,  employed  upon  intensely  realistic  dramas,  such  as  <The 
Weavers,  >  and  <  Hannele,  *  the  performance  of  which  has  every- 
where created  the  most  extraordinary  sensation.  The  Library- 
gives  fourteen  pages  of  <  Hannele  > 17  7025-40 

Bierbaum,  Otto  Julius  (1865-),  a  poet  of  noteworthy  genius 42         59 


CHRONOLOGICAL   CONSPECTUS 

Swiss  Literature,  in  very  close  relation  with  German,  and 
to,  some  extent  not  known  except  as  German,  has  yet  a  story 
of  its  own,  as  the  following  notable  names  will  show:  — 

Zwingli,  Ulrich  (1484-1531),  notable  Swiss  Protestant  reformer,  author 

of  both  Latin  and  German  works 43       600 

Zwinger,  Theodore  (1533-88),  famous  Swiss  physician  and  scholar,  pro- 
fessor of  Greek  at  Basle 43        600 

Haller,  Albrecht  von  (1708-77),  a  Swiss  poet  of  rare  charm,  a  botanist 

and  physiologist,  and  author  of  political  novels 42        245 

Vattel,  Emerich  (1714-67),  a  celebrated  Swiss  publicist  and  jurist;  au- 
thor of  a  great  work  on  the  <Law  of  Nations,)  and  of  studies 
of  natural   right 43        543 

Pestalozzi,  Johann  Heinrich  (1746-1827),  a  Swiss  educator,  notable 
for  efforts  for  the  reformation  of  the  systems  of  popular  school- 
ing, and  author  of  a  variety  of  works  setting  forth  his  views.  .42       425 


CXXviii  SWISS  LITERATURE 

Hegner,  Ulrich  (1759-1840),  a  Swiss  story-writer  and  humorist,  spe- 
cially valuable  for  his  portrayal  of  conditions  in  Switzerland  at 
the  end  of  the  last  century 42        257 

Wyss,  Johann  Rudolf  (1781-1830),  a  Swiss  representative  author,  not- 
able for  his  <  Swiss  Family  Robinson  >  which  has  been  translated 
into  many  languages 43        587 

Kopp,  Josef  Eutychius  (1793-1866),  a  Swiss  historian  and  poet,  au- 
thor of  dramatic  poems,  and  notable  for  his  historical  studies; 
the  first  to  apply  thoroughly  critical  views  to  the  old  Swiss 
legends,  that  especially  of  William  Tell 43       312 

Gotthelf,  Jeremias  (Bitzius,  Albert)  (1797-1854),  a  Swiss  pastor 
among  the  poor,  author  of  poems  and  novels  vividly  realistic  in 
presenting  peasant  life 42        227 

Dorer-Egloff,  Eduard  (1807-64),  a   Swiss   poet  and  critic,  a  notable 

student  of  Goethe 42        149 

Guyot,  Arnold  Henry  (1807-84),  a  Swiss  geographer,  university  pro- 
fessor in  America,  and  author  of  important  contributions  to 
physical  geography 42        241 

Carteret,  Antoine  A.  D.  (1813-89),  a  Swiss  statesman  of  long  and 
brilliant  career,  and  notable  in  literature  for  fables  treating 
political  subjects,  and  for  a  novel  of  Genevese  life 42         96 

Hartmann,  Alfred  (1814-),  Swiss  author  of  romances  and  tales,  and 

editor  of  a  comic  periodical 42        251 

Bitter,  Arthur  (Haberstich,  Samuel)  (1821-72),  Swiss  poet  and  story- 
writer .42         61 

Frey,  Jakob  (1824-),  a  Swiss  novelist,  author  of  works  classed  with 

the  finest  productions  of  Swiss  literary  genius 42        202 

Corrodi,  August  (1826-85),  a  Swiss  artist-painter,  professor  of  the  arts 
of  design,  author  of  songs  and  dramatic  compositions  in  Swiss- 
German,  and  translator  of  Burns's  songs 42        121 

Henne-am-Rhyn,  Otto  (1828-),  a  Swiss  writer;  author  of  a  widely 
known  <  History  of  the  Swiss  People,*  and  of  important  expo- 
sitions of  Freemasonry 42        259 

Caderas,  Gian  Frederic  (1830-91),  a  distinguished  Swiss  dialect  poet  • 

and  story -writer,  noted  for  attention  to  the  old  Rhaetian  tongue.  42         87 

Joachim,  Joseph  (1835-),  a  Swiss  story-writer  of  peasant  origin  and 
training,  author  of  tales  of  village  peasant  life  which  have 
given  him  great  distinction 42        290 

Dandliker,   Karl  (1849-),  Swiss   author  of  works    on   the   history   of 

Switzerland 42        131 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  Cxxix 

CHRONOLOGICAL   CONSPECTUS 

English  Literature  was  a  development  following  the  settle- 
ment of  Angles,  Saxons,  and  Jutes,  closely  related  Teutonic 
tribes,  in  Britain,*  A.  D.  449,  and  their  rapid  conversion  to  Christ- 
ianity from  the  coming  of  missionaries  in  597.  The  first  written 
English  of  which  we  know  (Anglo-Saxon  English)  is  that  of  the  laws 
of  the  first  Christian  king,  Ethelbert  of  Kent,  who  died  in  616. 
The  laws  of  Ine,  the  earliest  shaped  English  code,  were  put  into 
writing  about  690.  But  more  markedly  the  Angles  of  Northum- 
bria,  and  of  the  old  Roman  capital  there,  York,  first  secured 
large  literary  beginnings,  in  poetry,  in  prose,  in  a  library  into 
which  books  in  manuscript  were  gathered,  and  in  great  teachers 
using  these  books  for  education.  York  became  famous  through- 
out Europe  for  its  collection  of  books  and  its  scholars.  Alcuin, 
born  about  735,  went  thence  to. carry  learning  and  education  to 
the  court  and  realm  of  Charlemagne.  Boniface  about  800  A.  D. 
carried  Christianity  to  the  pagan  Germans  of  Germany.  Two 
great  monasteries,  that  of  Whitby  under  the  woman  Abbess  Hilda, 
where  Caedmon  appeared  as  a  poet,  and  that  of  Jarrow,  the 
home  of  the  grand  scholar,  teacher,  and  author,  Bede,  ranked 
with  York  as  seats  of  Anglo-Saxon  culture,  although  with  Latin 
used  as  the  language  of  learning.  As  Caedmon  sang,  English 
poetry  began.  As  Bede  wrote  in  Latin,  English  prose  was  proph- 
esied; and  when  King  Alfred  translated  Bede  into  the  language 
of  the  people,  it  was  fully  manifested. 

Anglo-Saxon   Literature,   the    earliest  beginnings  of  litera- 
ture, before  the  language  had  become  modified  from  Anglo-Saxon 

♦Britain,  as  Csesar  and  the  Romans  after  him  conquered  it,  was  wholly  the  country  of 
■Celtic  races,  Britons,  of  which  only  the  Welsh  survived,  in  what  is  now  England  and  Wales. 
The  Jutes,  Angles,  and  Saxons,  who  began  coming  and  conquering  in  A.  D.  449,  were  not 
Celtic,  but  Teutonic  or  Germanic,  from  Jutland  and  other  near  parts  on  the  east  side  of  the 
North  Sea.  They  were  warlike  heathen,  while  the  Britons  had  become  Christian,  and  their 
conquest  of  Britain  swept  away  Christian  culture  and  churches,  as  well  as  some  fine  Roman 
centres  of  cultivation,  which  the  five  centuries  from  Caesar's  time  had  carved  out  of  the  vast 
forests  of  the  still  largely  uncultivated  island.  But  Angles  and  Saxons  and  Jutes  had  their 
own  rude  yet  rich  culture,  domestic  life,  agriculture,  farms,  and  homesteads,  and  when  the 
king  of  Kent  got  a  Christian  wife,  Bertha,  daughter  of  the  king  of  France,  she  was  not  long 
in  securing  a  beginning  of  Christian  teaching  and  church  organization,  the  first  example  of 
woman's  work  in  the  making  of  England.  It  is  very  important  to  remember  that  Britain 
was  Roman  and  Celtic  for  five  hundred  years  before  it  was  Anglo-Saxon,  and  that  it  had 
been  more  or  less  Christian  before  the  <"  sea-wolves  »  descended  on  its  coasts  in  A.  D.  449,  and 
began  a  clean  sweep  of  Roman  and  Briton  to  make  way  for  the  Angle-land  which  first  had 
large  unity  under  King  Alfred. 
9 


CXXX  ENGLISH   LITERATURE 

to  English,  as  we  know  it,  and  when  scholars  used  Latin  in  writ- 
ing works  of  learning.  The  Library  has  a  full  story,  with  fine 
examples  (Vol.  ii,  543-73)- 

An  early  note  of  utterance,  such  as  primitive  culture  abounds 
in,  opens  the  long  roll  of  English  letters:  — 

Merlin,  a  British  bard  supposed  to  have  lived  in  the  fifth  century, 
reputed  author  of  a  <  Prophecy  >  brought  down  in  Welsh  tradi- 
tion, and  given  by  GeoflErey  of  Monmouth  in  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury  43       379 

Caedmon  (680),  the  earliest  English  (Northumberland)  poet,  the 
« father  of  English  song,'>  a  poet  of  rare  originality,  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  Milton,  at  the  great  monastery  of  Whitby 

2   547.  552,  572;  42   87;  4  5   361 

Beowulf,  an  ideal  hero  celebrated  in  a  poem  bearing  his  name  not 
far  from  the  year  700,  a  monument  of  Anglo-Saxon  poetry 
more  important  than  any  other 2      550-1 

Bede,  or  Baeda  (673-735  A.  D.),  a  scholar,  theologian,  historian,  and 
educator,  in  the  monastery  of  Jarrow,  of  whom  the  recent 
historian  Green  says  that  in  him  «  English  literature  strikes  its 
roots,*  and  that  «he  is  the  father  of  our  English  education ».  . 

2   545.  555-6;  42   50;  45    360 

Cynewulf,  a  great  Anglo-Saxon  poet,  who  may  have  lived  not  very 

long  after   700  A.  D 2      552-3 

Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle :  a  record  of  events  set  down,  not  in  Latin, 
but  in  the  native  speech,  tracing  in  outline  the  history  from 
A.  D.  449,  the  date  of  the  first  coming  of  any  English  to  Brit- 
ain. It  was  probably  first  made  a  book  about  850  A,  D.  The 
oldest  known  manuscript  carries  the  history  to  891.  It  was 
later  carried  on,  generation  by  generation,  to  11 54 2  554 

Alfred  the  Great  (849-901),  king  of  England  871-901,  a  great  initiator 
of  the  use  of  Anglo-Saxon  instead  of  Latin  in  books  and  edu- 
cation, a  translator  of  Bede's  <  History  >  and  other  Latin  works 

into  Anglo-Saxon,  and  an  author  of  Anglo-Saxon  writings 

I  389-398;  2  555-6 

Alfric  author  of  Homilies  written  about  the  end  of  the  tenth  century, 
and  later,  in  Anglo-Saxon,  and  of  other  works  in  Anglo-Saxon, 
of  a  quality  high  enough  to  appear  now  « splendid  English  — 
fully  qualified  to  be  the  medium  of  the  highest  learning.* 
Alfric  is  called  the  last  great  writer  before  the  Norman  Con- 
quest. The  evils  of  wars,  conquests,  and  bad  times  prevented 
attention  to  matters  of  culture 2      556-7 


ENGLISH   LITERATURE  cxxxi 

Celtic  Literature,  to  which  Renan  and  Matthew  Arnold 
called  attention,  as  a  branch  which  united  with  Anglo-Saxon  to 
make  English  Literature,  has  large  and  fine  treatment  in  the 
Library  (Vol.  viii,  3403-50),  with  reference  to  its  four  divisions, 
Irish,  Scottish,  Welsh,  and  Cornish.  The  stories  and  the  ex- 
amples under  each  cover  the  whole  ground:  — 

Aneurin  was  a  Welsh  bard  of  the  sixth  century  A.  D.,  whose  poem, 
<Gododin,>  is  the  longest  and  the  most  important  composition 
in  early  Welsh  literature,  and  one  of  the  finest  monuments  of 
Cymric  literary  history.  The  story  of  Aneurin  and  the  ex- 
amples of  his  poem  are  of  the  greatest  interest 2    539-42 

Ossian  and  Ossianic  Poetry,  the  story  of  Irish  and  Scottish  very  early 
poetry  and  legend,  which  Macpherson  worked  over  into  the 
modern  poem  < Ossian,*  has  adequate  treatment  in  twenty 
pages  of  rich  narrative  and  examples  in  the  Library 27   10865-84 

The    Mabinogion  covers  another  Celtic  chapter,    that  of  the  Welsh 

romances,  the  names  of  whose  authors  have  been  lost 23  9373-80 

The  Arthurian  Legends  cover  the  ground  of  stories  sung  or  recited 
during  the  five  hundred  years  A.  D.  700-1200,  a  body  of  Celtic 
romances  of  great  interest 2  886-904 

The  Morte  D' Arthur  of  Sir  Thomas  Malory  (1430-70)  is  a  book  into 
which  the  old  traditions  of  King  Arthur  were  gathered  about 
1459-69  and  which  Caxton  printed  in  1485 24  9645-54 

The  Legend  of  the  Holy  Grail,  thirty-six  pages,  of  which  thirty  give 
examples  of  Grail  literature,  is  the  story  of  the  bowl  used  in 
the  Last  Supper  of  Christ  with  his  digciples;  also  by  Joseph 
of  Arimathea  to  receive  blood  flowing  from  the  wounds  of  the 
Crucified.  The  search  for  this  miracle-working  bowl,  and  its 
protection,  in  which  only  the  pure  and  stainless  could  succeed, 
was  the  theme  of  stories  which  for  hundreds  of  years  made  a 
great  impression  in  many  literatures 19  7515-50 

The  Ballad,  which  in  reality  belongs  to  all  literatures,  has  a  large 
development  in  English  literature,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
story  and  examples  in  the  Library.  The  examples  fill  thirty- 
six  pages 3  1305-47 

Folk-Song,  which  equally  reaches  into  all  lands,  has  English  rela- 
tions which  may  be  seen  in  the  twenty-five  pages  of  story  and 
examples  given  in  the  Library 15  5853-77 

Myths  and  Folk-Lore  of  the  Aryan  Peoples  (26  10522-42)  is  another 
story  and  series  of  fine  examples  in  the  same  great  field.  And 
into  relation  with  these  may  be  brought  one  of  the  story-books 
of  olden  time,  the  Gesta  Romanorum,  «the  most  curious  and 
interesting  of  all  collections  of  popular  tales » 16  6261-70 

The  Bestiaries  (and  Lapidaries)  of  the  Middle  Ages,  collections  of 
stories  and  superstitions  relating  to  animals  (and  precious 
stones),  or   using  these   to   frame   a    sort  of  parable,  are  care- 


Cxxxii  ENGLISH   LITERATURE 

fully  explained  in  the  Library  (4  1852-60),  with  interesting 
examples.  Further  information  is  given  under  ^Physiologus^ 
in  the  < Synopses  of  Noted  Books > 44         61 


Malmesbury,  William  of  (1095-1143),  a  noted  English  scholar,  libra- 
rian of  the  monastery  of  Malmesbury,  author  of  a  great  work 
on  the  <  History  of  the  Kings  of  England  > 43        365 

Hadmer  (-1124),  a  British  monk   at   Canterbury,  author  of  historical 

and  biographical  works  of  great  value 42        160 

Roger  of  Hovedon  (probably  died  in  1201),  an  English  chronicler, 
for  the  period  732-1201,  of  the  highest  value  for  his  attention 
to  legal  and  constitutional  details 43       464 

Alexander  of  Hales  (?-i245),  noted  English  philosopher  and  theolo- 
gian, one  of  the  first  to  study  Aristotle  with  Arabic  commentary.  4  2  12 

Matthevr  Paris  (1200-59),  a  famous  Benedictine  English  monk,  au- 
thor of  histories  of  great  value 43        373 

Robert  of  Gloucester,  an  English  chronicler  (known  to  have  been 
living  A.  D.  1265),  notable  for  a  metrical  chronicle  history  of 
England,  extending  to  10,000  lines,  and  one  of  the  earliest 
epics  of  the  English  language 43        460 

Scott,  Michael,  a  Scottish  philosopher  of  the  thirteenth  century;  not- 
able for  his  great  learning,  and  for  important  translations  from 
Arabic  into  Latin;  author  also  of  writings  on  astrologfy,  al- 
chemy, and  the  occult  sciences  in  general 43       487 

Bacon,  Roger  (1214-94),  one  of  the  greatest  mediaeval  scholars,  a 
natural  philosopher,  and  founder  of  English  science  in  the  year 
1267 42  34 

Erceldoune,  Thomas  of  (1220-97),  a  Scotch  rhymer  of  very  conspicu- 
ous position  in  the  annals  of  Anglo-Saxon  literature 42        172 

JRishanger,  William  (1250-1312),  an  English  monk  of  St.  Albans, 
initiator  of  a  new  interest  in  the  composition  of  chronicles, 
and  author  of  an  excellent  account  of  the  barons'  wars  in  the 
period  1258-67 4  3       460 

35uns  Scotus,  Joannes  (1265-1308),  a  Scotch  metaphysician,  an  emi- 
nent Schoolman,  and  author  of  studies  of  Aristotle 42        156 

Occam,  William,  an  English  scholastic  philosopher  of  great  distinc- 
tion for  the  strenuous  contest  which  he  made  against  the  right 
of  the  Pope  to  political  power  and  secular  possessions  (died  1347)  43       407 

Mandeville,  Sir  John  (i295?-i365?),  of  the  exact  dates  of  whose  life 
we  only  know  that  the  period  of  his  travels  to  Jerusalem,  India, 
etc.,  was  A.  D.  1332-56,  and  whose  book,  <The  Marvelous  Ad- 
ventures of  Sir  John  Mandeville, >  is  called  «the  most  enter- 
taining book  in  early  English  prose » 24  9655-63 

Wyclif,  John  (1324-84),  author  of  the  first  great  departure  of  the 
English  people  from  the  Latin  or  Roman  Church,  and  of  the 
earliest  full  rendering  of  the  whole  Bible  into  English,  with 
large  incidental  elevation  of  English  as  a  language  of  culture.  39   16235-42 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  CXXxiii 

Langland,  William  (1332-1400),  an  English  poet  of  great  importance 
from  his  early  place  in  English  literature,  and  his  vivid  refleo- 
tion  of  the  state  of  the  people  and  the  condition  of  the  Church 
in  his  time,  he  brought  out  about  1362,  and  in  a  final  enlarged 
form  in  1377,  <The  Vision  of  Piers  Plowman,*  setting  forth  the 
complaints  of  the  English  people  against  the  Latin  or  Roman 
church 43  326 ;  4  5  402 

Chaucer,  Geoffrey  (i338?-i40o),  an  almost  supremely  great  poet,  from 
whose  work,  with  that  of  Wyclif  in  making  an  English  Bible, 
modem  English  literature  dates.  The  Library  has  thirty-six 
pages  of  examples,  and  fourteen  pages  in  a  superlatively  ex- 
cellent story  of  Chaucer  and  his  work  by  Dr.  Lounsbury,  of 
Yale  University 9  355 1-600 

Gower,  John  (1325-1408),  of  whom  the  Library  has  a  most  interesting 
account,  a  poet  who  wrote  one  work  in  French,  the  court  lan- 
guage, another  in  Latin,  the  church  langfuage,  and  his  greatest 
work  in  English,  the  language  of  the  people 16  6579-92 

Caxton,  William  (1422-91),  famous  English  printer  and  scholar, 
author  (as  translator)  of  the  first  printed  English  book,  and 
master  of  the  first  printing-office  in  England  (1477) 42         991 

Dunbar,  William  (1465-1530),  one  of  the  most  important  poets  of  the 
age  of  Caxton,  Scottish  by  birth,  but  a  wanderer  in  England 
and  France;  then  court  poet  and  a  servitor  of  Margaret  Tudor 
of  England  upon  her  marriage  to  the  Scottish  king,  and,  like 
Langland,  in  his  chief  poem,  the  <  Dance  of  the  Seven  Deadly 
Sins,>  an  unsparing  critic  of  the  evils  of  the  time 12  5064-6$ 

Barclay,  Alexander  (147 5-155 2),  a  Scotch  graduate  of  the  English 
universities,  who  translated  Brandt's  <Ship  of  Fools  >  into  ex- 
ceptionally fine  English,  and  himself  wrote  <  Eclogues  >  of  moral 
and  satirical  bearing  upon  the  evils  of  the  times 4  1496-502 

More,  Sir  Thomas  (1478-1535),  a  most  eminent  leader,  with  Erasmus 
and  Colet,  of  the  earlier  Reformation,  apart  from  Luther,  and 
author  of  < Utopia,'  a  picture  of  what  Reform  would  help  to 
bring 26   10295-303. 

Elyot,  Sir   Thomas  (1490-1546),   an   English   diplomatist  and  moral 

essayist,  author  of  writings  of  educational  value 42        169 

Bale,  John  (1495-1563),  English   theologian  and  dramatist,  author  of 

the  first  history  of  English  literature 42  3^ 

Berners,  Juliana  (about  1496),  the  reputed  author  of  a  book  on  hunt- 
ing, printed  in  i486,  and  the  first  woman  to  become  an  Eng- 
lish author 4  1834-36 

[The  Sixteenth  Century] 

Wyatt,  Sir  Thomas  (1503-42),   a  poet  of  the  court  of   Henry  VIII.. 

an  elder  friend  of  the  poet  Surrey.    39  16230-34 

Udall,  Nicholas  (1506-64),  an  English  dramatist,  author  of  popular 
school-books,  and  of  the  first  regular  comedy  in  the  English 
language 43       537 


CXXxiv  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Ascham,  Roger  (1515-68),  a  private  tutor  to  the  Princess  Elizabeth 
1548-50,  and  to  Queen  EHzabeth  1563-68;  author  of  <The  School- 
master,>  and  popularly  remembered  as  a  typical  great  teacher.  2    916-23 

Foxe,  John  (1516-87),  an  early  English  Protestant  divine,  famous  for     • 

the  work  known  as  <  Foxe's  Book  of  Martyrs  > 42        198 

Holinshed,  Raphael  (i52o?-8o?),  author  of  valuable  <  Chronicles  of  Eng- 
land, Scotland,  and  Ireland,  >  published  in  1578, — a  fine  ex- 
ample of  English  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  and  the  source 
from  which  Shakespeare  drew  most  of  his  historical  plays  ...19  7445-50 

Breton,  Nicholas  (i  545-1626),  a  versatile  writer  of  poems,  satires,  ro- 
mances, etc 42         74 

Camden,  William  (1551-1623),  an  English  antiquarian  and  historian, 
author  of  a  <  Description  of  Ancient  Britain  and  of  Annals  of 
the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth > 42         90 

Spenser,  Edmund  (1552-99),  author  of  the  <  Faery  Queen, >  the  poem 
which  opened  the  great  age  of  Elizabethan  literature,  and  upon 
which  Milton  pronounced  the  author  «a  better  teacher  than 
Scotus  or  Aquinas, » —  English  humanism  better  than  Latin 
scholasticism 35   13751-71 

Hakluyt,  Richard  (1552-1616),  a  distinguished  scholar  in  cosmography 
who  brought  out  works  of  great  importance  in  the  years  1582- 
1609,  designed  to  urge  the  value  of  American  discoveries  to 
England 17  6807-20 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter  (1552-1618),  a  famous  English  Elizabethan  public 
character,  author  of  a  <  History  of  the  World, >  and  of  poetical 
and  literary  fragments 4  3       45o 

Peele,  George  (1553-98),  a  dramatist  before  Shakespeare,  and  also  a 

Ijn-ic  poet  some  of  whose  songs  were  unsurpassed 28   11258-62 

Hooker,  Richard  (1553-1600),  an  English  divine  famous  for  a  great 
work  on  <Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  Polity,*  which  is  one  of  the 
great  masterpieces  of  English  prose  . 42        272 

Munday,  Anthony  (1553-1633),  an  English  writer  of  great  versatility 
and  note;  author  of  a  large  number  of  plays,  and  of  ballads  of 
much  note  sung  in  London 4  3        39^ 

Sidney,  Sir  Philip  (1554-86),  author  of  <Arcadia,>  < Defense  of  Po- 
esie,>  and  a  series  of  sonnets  and  poems  called  <Astrophel  and 
Stella >;  at  his  death  the  most  celebrated  person  in  Europe.  .34  13385-98 

Lodge,  Thomas   (1558-1625),  a  poet  of  a  few  rarely  beautiful  lyrics 

in  the  age  of  Elizabeth  and  Shakespeare 23  9139-42 

Chapman,  George  (1559-1634),  a  poet  of  some  rank  in  his  four  chief 
tragedies,  but  best  known  by  his  version  of  Homer, — one  of  the 
classics  of  Elizabethan  literature 9  3523-30 

Greene,  Robert  (1560-92),  a  notably  original  and  able  dramatist ....  4  2        232 

Bacon,   Francis    (i 561 -1626),   English   statesman   and  philosopher,  of 

great  literary  distinction 42         34 

Drayton,  Michael  (i 563-1631),  the  subject  of  a  curiously  interesting 
story,  and  the  author  of  «the  most  spirited  of  English  martial 
lyrics, »  quoted  in  full  in  the  Library 12  4877-84 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  CXXXV 

Marlowe,  Christopher  (1564-93).  a  dramatist  of  high  genius  and 
great  creative  power,  whose  work  helped  to  make  Shakespeare's 
possible 24  9714-28 

Shakespeare,  William  (1564-1616),  the  whole  world's  greatest  dram- 
atist, the  master-thinker  in  drama  of  universal  literature;  in 
tragedy,  in  comedy,  in  lyric  song,  never  surpassed  and  rarely 
equaled.  The  Library  has  a  complete  story  in  twenty -two 
pages  by  Edward  Dowden  and  John  Malone,  and  seventy-six 
pages  of  examples.  It  also  has,  in  the  volume  of  *  Synopses,  > 
twenty-one  pages  of  excellent  analyses  of  all  the  plays 33   13167-264 

Chettle,    Henry    (1565-1607),    English   dramatist,  contemporary   with 

Shakespeare;  author  of  plays  and   popular   pamphlets 42        106 

Campion  (?-i6i9),  an  accomplished  physician  of  Shakespeare's  time 
who  wrote  lyrics  of  the  finest  quality,  love  songs  very  sweet 
and  musical,  songs  for  religious  use  equal  to  any  in  the  lan- 
guage, and  prose  works  on  both  poetry  and  music 8  3184-88 

Davies,  Sir   John    (1569-1626),    English   jurist   of   distinction,    and   a 

poet  of   marked  genius 42        134 

Heywood,  Thomas  (1575-1650),  a  notable  English  dramatist 42       264 

Baffin,  William    (1584-1622),   noted   English   navigator  and  explorer, 

author  of  narrative  of  voyages 42         35 

Dekker,  Thomas  (1570-1637),  one  of  the  most  versatile  later  Eliza- 
bethan dramatists,  also  a  song-writer  of  genuine  lyric  gift,  an 
author  of  beautiful  prayers,  and  a  prominent  pamphleteer.  ...11  4521-27 

Aytoun,  Robert  (1570-1638),  a  poet  of  Scottish  birth  but  of  Norman 
descent,  court  poet  in  London  to  King  James,  and  buried  in 
Westminster  Abbey 3     1 106-9 

Donne,  John  (1573-1631),  a  poet  and  divine, —  Dr.  Donne, — notable  for 

the  quality  of  thought  and  feeling  in  his  best  work 12  4771-78 

Jonson,  Ben  (1573-1637),  one  of  the  conspicuous  chiefs  of  EHzabethan 
drama ;  author  of  tragedies,  comedies,  and  lyrics ;  a  rare  classical 
scholar,  ambitious  of  perfect  art;  and  a  realist  in  depicting  the 
life  of  his  time.  The  Library  has  fifteen  pages  of  fine  ex- 
amples    21  8341-60 

Webster,  John  (1575?-?).  a  dramatist  whose  first  work  for  the  stage 
was  done  about  160 1,  and  whose  masterpieces  have  caused  him 
to  be  called  "Shakespeare's  greatest  pupil  in  tragedy* 38   15758-68 

Day,  John  (1575-1623),  author  of  a  comedy  of  surpassing  charm  and 

of  a  drama  rich  in  wit    42        135 

Smith,  Captain  John  (1579-1631).  a  famous  English  adventurer  and 
colonist  in  Virginia,  author  of  writings  of  great  interest  for 
early  American  history .43        498 

Davenport,  Robert    (?-i64o),  dramatist    and    poet,    part   author   with 

Shakespeare  of  <  Henry  I.>  and  <  Henry  II. > 42        133 

Burton,  Robert  (1577-1640),  author  of  <The  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,* 
a  vast  digest  of  all  sorts  of  learning  or  poetry  bearing  upon 
the  affections  of  the  mind 7    2904-8 

Brome,  Richard  (-1652),  an  English  dramatist  with  Ben  Jonson 42         7^ 


cxxxvi  ENGLISH   LITERATURE 

Taylor,  John  (1580-1654),  an  English  poet,  author  of  productions  of 
remarkable  interest  as  showing  the  manners  and  customs  of  the 
times 43        517 

Massinger,  Philip  (i  583-1 640),  a  noted  English  dramatist,  excellent 
in  depicting  character  in  tragedy  and  in  expression  of  lofty- 
sentiment,   yet   one    of  the   later   and   lesser  dramatists   under 

whom  the   English   stage  declined  after  Shakespeare 

43  372;  25  9797-802 

Beaumont,  Francis  (1584-1616),  and  Fletcher,  John  (1579-1625),  the 
Elizabethan  dramatists  whose  work  jointly  done  came  nearest 
to  that  of  Shakespeare 4   1674-98 

Selden,  John  (1584-1654),  a  lawyer  of  ability  unsurpassed  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  English  bar,  of  literary  fame  for  his  <  Table  Talk  > .  3  3   13099-1 10 

Drummond,  William  (i 585-1 649),  called  «of  Hawthornden,»  from  his 
home  in  Scotland,  a  poet  who  definitely  came  out  of  Scottish 
limitation  into  English  literature  as  it  was  in  London 12  4913-18 

Ford,  John  (1586-?),  a  dramatist  of  the  period  of  decline  after  Shakes- 
peare   15  5889-94 

Wither,  George  (1588-1667),  a  cavalier  poet  of  Chaucer-like  spirit, 
whose  delightful  lyrics  gave  way  to  Puritan  hymns  when  the 
Civil  War  enlisted  him  on  that  side 39   16123-8 

Hobbes,  Thomas  (158S-1679),  a  philosopher  whose  books  on  Human 
Nature  and  on  State  and  Church,  although  extreme  for  self- 
interest  as  the  rule  of  life  and  against  democracy  in  a  common- 
wealth, yet  overthrew  scholastic  dogmatism  and  had  a  greatly 
liberalizing   influence 18   7381-88 

Zouch,  Richard  (1590-1661),  English  writer  on  jurisprudence,  author 

of  celebrated  treatises  in  Latin 43        599 

Herrick,  Robert  (1591-1674),  an  exquisite,  gay  poet,  who  lived  through 
the  frost  of  Puritan  times  under  Cromwell.  The  Library  has 
delightful  examples  and  the  story  of  his  rare  genius 18   7307-16 

Browne,  William  (i 591-1643),  one  of  the    best  of  the   English  poets 

famous  for  their  imaginative  interpretation  of  nature 6  2511-18 

Walton,  Izaak  (1593-1683),  author  of  <The  Complete  Angler, >  and  of 

< Lives >  marked  by  great  charm  of  style 38   1 5601-22 

Herbert,  George  (i  593-1633),  a  rare  religious  poet,  quaint  in  expres- 
sion, rich  in  thought,  and   deeply  spiritual         18  7252-58 

Carew,  Thomas  (1598-1639),  a  writer  of  lyrics  such  as  Izaak  Waltou 

called  « choicely  good  old-fashioned  poetry  » 8  3221-24 

[The  Seventeenth  Century] 

Chillingworth,  William  (1602-44),  an  English  theologfical  writer,  au- 
thor of  <The  Religion  of  Protestants  >  (1637),  notable  for  breadth 
and  liberality 42        107 

Dugdale,  Sir  William  (1605-86),  a  celebrated  English  antiquarian, 
author  of  historical  and  biographical  and  antiquarian  studies 
of  great  importance 42       1 54 


ENGLISH   LITERATURE  cxxxvii 

Browne,  Sir  Thomas  (1605-82),  an  eminent  physician  of  Norwich, 
England ;  author  of  the  *■  Religio  Medici.  >  The  Library  gives  a 
full  story  of  the  author,  thirty  pages  of  examples 6  3473-510 

Waller,  Edmund  (1605-87),  a  poet  of  the  school  of  Dryden  and  Pope, 

notable  as  the  first  to  use  its  style 38  1 5555-64 

Davenant,  William  (1606-68),  a  minor  poet,  successor  to  Ben  Jonson 

as  laureate  of  England 42        133 

Milton,  John  (1607-74),  the  great  Puritan  poet  and  prose- writer, 
almost  unequaled  in  English  literature.  The  Library  has  a 
full  story  in  ten  pages  and  thirty  pages  of  examples 25   10037-76 

Suckling,  Sir  John  (1608-42),  a  poet  whose  lyrics  Hallam  pronounced 

unequaled  for  gayety  and  ease 35    14155-62 

Fuller,  Thomas  (1608-61),  a  historian  and  biographer  of  scholarly 
method,  and  an  ethical  and  religious  thinker  of  marked  intel- 
lectual power 15  61 29-36 

Clarendon,  Earl  of  (1609-74),  the  leading  Royalist  statesman  of  the 
age  of  Cromwell,  prime  minister  of  Charles  the  Second,  and 
author  of  a  great  < History  of  the  Rebellion). 9  3737-44 

Whichcote,  Benjamin  (1610-83),  English  divine  and  religious  writer, 
a  famous  preacher,  the  founder  of  Broad  Church  divinity  in 
England,  and  one  of  the  Cambridge  Platonists 43        570 

Cartwright,  William  (1611-43),  an  English  dramatist  immensely  suc- 
cessful through  his  lively  wit  and  satire  at  the  expense  of  the 
Puritans 42         96 

Butler,  Samuel  (1612-80),  the  author  of  *Hudibras,>  a  humorous  poem 

devoted  to  ridicule  of  the  Cromwellian  Puritans  7  2927-34 

Taylor,  Jeremy  (1613-67),  a  preacher  of  fascinating  eloquence,  and  a 

markedly  broad  and  liberal  theologian 36   14551-62 

Baxter,  Richard   (1615-gi),   celebrated   English  divine  and   religious 

Evangelical  writer 42         47 

Sidney,  Algernon  (1617-83),  an  English  republican  patriot,  a  notable 
figure  in  the  Commonwealth  time,  put  to  death  on  a  political 
charge  in  1683,  author  of  <  Discourses  Concerning  Go vernment * .  4  3       494 

Cowley,  Abraham  (1618-67),  a  poet  of  high  moral  tone  and  finely 
English  diction,  and  a  pioneer  in  modern  English  prose.  The 
Library  has  a  most  instructive  story  and  examples  by  Profes- 
sor Lounsbury 10  4089-106 

Evelyn,  John  (1620-1706),  author  of  a  Diary  covering  the  years  1641- 

1705 14  5591-604 

Marvell,   Andrew    (1621-78),    a    poet   of    the    Commonwealth    under 

Cromwell 24  9770-76 

Shaftesbury,  Earl  of  (1621-83),  an  English  statesman,  very  conspicu- 
ous in  his  times;  author  of  a  notable  work  entitled  < Character- 
istics of  Men,  Manners,  Opinions,  and  Times* 43       491 

Vaughan,  Henry  (1621-93),  one  of  the  best  writers  of  lyrics  express- 
ive of  deep  spiritual  thought  and  feeling 37   15257-62 

Fox,    George    (1624-91),    English   founder   of   the    sect   of   Quakers, 

author  of  valuable  <  Journal  *  and  other  writings 42        198 


CXXXviii  ENGLISH   LITERATURE 

Bunyan,  John  (1628-88),  author  of  <The  Pilgrim's  Progress* 7  2747-66 

Dryden,  John  (1631-1700),  the  great  English  poet  of  the  age  follow- 
ing that  of  Milton.  The  Library  has  an  elaborate  critical  story 
in  fourteen  pag^s  by  Professor  Lounsbury,  and  eighteen  pages 
of  examples 12  4919-50 

Wood,  Anthony  (1632-95),  an  English  scholar;  author  of  an  important 
history  of  Oxford  University,  and  of  biogjraphies  of  graduates 
for  the  period  1500-1690 43       583 

Locke,  John  (1632-1704),  one  of  the  most  original  and  ablest  phi- 
losophers of  modem  times,  a  great  master  of  English  prose, 
and  a  teacher  of  broad  liberalism 23  9105-10 

Pepys,  Samuel  (i 633-1 703),  author  of  a  Diary  of  the  ten  years  1660-69, 
in  which  are  pictured  with  extraordinary  fidelity  not  only  the 
course  of  events  but  the  common  life  of  London 28   11283-304 

South,  Robert  (1633-1716),  an  English  preacher,  author   of   sermons 

which  are  notable  examples  of  written  eloquence 43        500 

EUwood,  Thomas  (1639-1714),  an   English   Quaker  noted  as  a  friend 

of  Milton,  and  author  of  a  < Sacred  History* 42        168 

Behn,  Aphra  (1640-89),  author  of  plays,  poems,  and  novels,  marked  by 

indelicacy;  the  first  woman  in  England  to  live  by  her  pen   ...    42         51 

Shadwell,  Thomas  (1640-92),  an   English  dramatist,  the  successor  in 

1688  of  Dryden  as  poet  laureate  and  historiographer  royal 43       491 

Newton,  Sir  Isaac  (1642-1727),  England's  greatest  natural  philosopher, 
author  of  <The  Principia*  and  of  the  theory  of  universal  g^ravi- 
tation 27  10619-26 

Strype,  John  (1643-1737),  an  English  ecclesiastical  historian;  author  of 
annals,  memorials,  and  biographies  of  importance  for  English 
church  history 43        510 

Hamilton,  Anthony  (1646-1720),  the  author  of  <Gramont*s  Memoirs,*  a 
compend  of  the  scandal,  gossip,  wit,  and  life  of  the  court  of 
Charles   II 17  6913-24 

Dennis,  John  (1657-1734),  dramatist  and  critic,  author  of  a  valuable 

Shakespeare  study,  and  victim  of  Pope's  abuse 42        140 

Kennett,  White  (1660-1728),  an  English  clergyman  who  brought  out 
in  1706  a  complete  history  of  England  to  the  death  of  William 
III.,  a  work  notable  for  great  accuracy  and  interest 43        301 

Defoe,  Daniel  (1660-1731),  a  writer  of  political  pamphlets,  of  accounts 
of  current  events,  and  of  fiction,  such  as  *  Robinson  Crusoe.* 
The  Library  has  twenty -eight  pages  of  examples 11  4479-5 1 2 

Bentley,  Richard  (1662-1742),  eminent  English  classical  scholar,  critic, 

and  essayist .42  54 

Prior,  Matthevr  (i 664-1721),  a  poet  whose  fame  rests  upon  lyrics,  epi- 
grams, and  playful  verse  very  perfect  in  style 30  11837-4S 

Arbuthnot,  John  (1667-1735),  an  author  of  satirical  and  humorous 
writing  of  which  the  most  notable  is  <The  History  of  John 
Bull,*  which  originated  this  name  for  the  typical  Englishman.  .2     722-30 

Svrift,  Jonathan  (1667-1745),  the   author  of  ^Gulliver's   Travels,*  and 

other  powerful  satires,  and  political  pamuhlets 36   14259-88 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  CXXxix 

Congreve,  William  (1670-1729),  the  most  brilliant  of  all  the   English 

dramatists  of  the  later  Stuart  period 10  3945-56 

Steele,  Sir  Richard  (1671-1729),  an  English  author  and  dramatist, 
initiator  of  the  literary  journalism  in  which  he  and  Addison 
were  associated.  As  occupant  of  the  ofl&ce  of  gazetteer,  and 
thus  in  control  of  foreign  news,  he  started  the  Tatler,  April 
12,  1709,  a  small  paper,  appearing  three  times  a  week,  and 
later  the  Spectator,  a  daily  paper,  which  ran  to  the  five  hun- 
dred and  fifty -fifth  issue,  December  16,  1712,  Addison  having  a 
large  hand  in  it.  The  Library  tells  the  whole  story  with 
twenty-one  pages  of   examples 43  505 ;  35   13875-98 

Echard,  Laurence  (1670-1730),  an  English  scholar,  notable  for  his  <  His- 
tory of  England  >  from  the  time  of  Julius  Caesar  to  1707  A.  D  .42        162 

Bailey,  Nathan  (-1742),  English  lexicographer  and  classical  scholar, 
author  of  the  first  important  English  dictionary  on  which  Dr. 
Johnson's  work  was  based 42         36 

Cibber,  Colley  (1671-1757),  an  English  dramatist,  author  of  comedies 
masterly  in  construction,  and  a  most  successful  theatre  man- 
ager  42        109 

Addison,  Joseph  (1672-1719),  a  tjrpical  man  of  letters  in  the  early 
years  of  the  eighteenth  century;  author  of  one  of  the  earliest 
English  ventures  in  journalism,  the  Spectator;  and  a  master 
of   English  prose i    i^S-ji 

Watts,  Isaac  {1674-1748),  a  celebrated  author  of  hymns  for  Christ- 
ian use 38   15717-24 

Clarke,  Samuel  (1675-1729),  English   philosophical  writer;    author   of 

valuable  religious  studies,  and  of  an  edition  of   Homer 42        112 

Bolingbroke,  Henry  St.  John  (1678-1751).  deistical  writer,  orator,  and 

statesman 42         66 

Middleton,  Conyers  (1683-1750),  an  eminent  English  writer,  author 
of  a  valuable  <Life  of  Cicero  >  and  of  <  Free  Inquiry,  >  attack- 
ing belief  in  mediaeval   miracles 43       382 

Young,  Edward  (1684-1765},  the  author  of  <  Night  Thoughts  on  Life, 

Death,  and    Immortality  > 39  16277-82 

Berkeley,  George  (1685-1753),  a  most  interesting  writer  upon  phi- 
losophy, and  author  of  a  treatise  teaching  that  only  ideas  are 
real   4   1801-08 

Gay,  John  (1685-1732),  an  English  humorist,  inventor  of  comic  opera, 

and  author  of    <  Fables  > 15  6237-47 

Ramsay,  Allan  (1686-1758),  a  writer  of  pastoral  poetry  of  fine  qual- 
ity, author  of  <  The  Gentle  Shepherd.  >  The  Library  gives  eleven 
pages  of  choice  examples  30  12061-73 

Pope,  Alexander  (1688-1744),  the  foremost  English  poet  of  the  eight- 
eenth century,  author  of  <  Essay  on  Man,>  translation  of  Ho- 
mer, etc.  The  Library  has  Professor  Lounsbury's  capital  story 
in  fourteen  pages  and  thirty-two  pages  of  fine  examples 30  11711-56 

Montagu,  Mary  Wortley    (1689-1762).  a   writer  of  letters  of  interest 

for  their  wit  and  their  picture  of  characters  and  events 26   10217-36 


Cxl  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Richardson,  Samuel  (1689-1761),  the  father  of  the  modern  novel  of 
society,  a  printer  whose  first  attempt  was  that  of  depicting  a 
servant  girl  tinder  stress  of  temptation. 31    12225-46 

Butler,  Joseph  (1692-1752),  celebrated  author  of  the  <  Analogy  of  Re- 
ligion, Natural  and  Revealed,  to  the  Constitution  and  Course  of 
Nature  >   (1736) 42         85 

Chesterfield,  Lord  (1694-1773),  a  writer  of  distinction  for  <Letters,> 
written  as  counsel  to  form  the  character  and  manners  of  a 
young  man 9  3625-28 

Sale,  George  (1680-1736),  an  English  scholar  of  distinction  in  Arabic 
and  Mohammedan  history;  author  of  a  standard  translation  of 
the  Koran,  of  Oriental  biographies,  and  of  contributions  to  a 
^Universal  History) 43       478 

[The   Eighteenth   Century] 

Thomson,  James  (1700-48),  a  poet  of  Scottish  descent,  whose  recog- 
nition of  nature,  in  the  age  of  Pope,  made  him  the  father  of 
the  natural,  as  contrasted  with  the  artificial,  school  of  poetry  — 
the  precursor  of  Wordsworth,  Coleridge,  Shelley,  and  Keats. 3 7  14851-64 

Doddridge,  Philip  (1702-51),  English  nonconformist  divine,  author  of 

religious  works  of  great  interest  and  effect  in  their  time 42        147 

Brooke,  Henry  (1703-83),  Irish  novelist  and  dramatist 42  76 

Wesley,  John    (1703-91),   the    founder  of   Wesleyanism    in    England, 

called  Methodism  in  America 38   15790-818 

Wesley,  Charles  (1708-88),  the  associate  of  John  Wesley,  notable 
for  the  number  and  excellence  of  his  hymns.  The  Library 
devotes  twenty-four  pages  to  examples  from  the  sermons  of 
John  Wesley  and  the  hymns  of  Charles 38   15790-818 

Fielding,  Henry  (1707-54),  noted  as,  in  the  words  of  his  own  claim, 
«the  founder  of  a  new  province  of  writing, »  previously  at- 
tempted by  Richardson  and  suggested  by  works  of  Defoe  — 
the  English  novel.  The  admirable  story  in  the  Library,  of 
his  genius  and  work,  by  Leslie  Stephen,  is  supplemented  by 
twenty -eight  pages  of  capital  examples 14  5693-731 

Johnson,  Samuel  (1709-84),  one  of  the  greatest  masters  of  knowledge 
of  books,  of  criticism  of  literature,  and  of  judgment  of  ideas, 
that  ever  wrote  English,  and  a  personage  extraordinarily  in- 
teresting and  impressive.  The  critical  story  in  the  Library  is 
by  Mr.  Birkbeck  Hill,  and  there  are  twenty-six  pages  of  fine 
examples 21  8283-316 

Hume,  David  (1711-76),  an  able  initiator  of  the  literary  method  in 
writing  history,  an  originator  of  advance  in  political  economy, 
a  strenuous  expositor  of  idealism  in  philosophy,  and  a  writer 
of  consummate  literary  skill 19  7777-90 

Sterne,  Laurence  (1713-68),  one  of  the  great  masters  of  literature  in 
his  exquisite  art  and  as  an  original  and  brilliant  humorist. 
The  Library  has  twenty -two  pages  of  examples 35   13899-926 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  Cxli 

Shenstone,  William  (1714-63),  an   example   of   the  extreme  artificial 

school  in  poetry 34   13307-16 

Whitefield,  George  (1714-70),  a  famous  English  preacher,  marvel- 
ously  eloquent  pulpit  orator,  associated  with  the  Wesleys  in 
the  spread  of  Methodism 43       572 

Gray,  Thomas  (i  716-71),  author  of  <  Elegy  Written  in  a  Country 
Churchyard,*  and  other  finely  finished  poems.  The  Library 
gives  the  <  Elegy  >  in  full  and  three  other  examples  of  his  best 
work 16  6623-36 

Walpole,    Horace    (1717-97),   a  writer  famous   for  his  <Letters,>  not 

only  elegant  but  of  substantial  merit 38   15565-79 

Carter,  Elizabeth  (1717-1806),  English   author  of  a  version  of  Epic- 

tetus  and  of  an  *  Ode  to  Wisdom  > 42         96 

Foote,  Samuel  (1720-77),  a-  dramatist  whose  abounding  w\t  and 
humor  gave  him  the  name  of  « the  Aristophanes  of  the  English 
stage  » 15  5878-88 

White,  Gilbert  (1720-93),  an  author  whose  <  Natural  History  of  Sel- 

borne  >  is  a  fascinating  example  of  literature 39   15867-75 

Montagu,  Mrs.  (1720-1800),  an  English  society  leader,  whose  house 
in  London  was  the  meeting  place  of  the  celebrated  «  Blue  Stock- 
ing Club>>;  notable  chiefly  for  several  volumes  of  interesting 
<Letters> 43        388 

Collins,  William  (1721-59),  author  of  odes,  genuinely  lyrical,  musical, 

and  imaginative 9  3871-78 

Smollett,  Tobias  George  (1721-71),  author  of  satirical  and  humorous 
novels,  from  which  the  Library  gives  twenty-two  pages  of 
examples 34  13575-600 

Akenside,  Mark  (1721-70),  a  poet   of  the   artificial  school,  popular  at 

the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century.' i    252-62 

Owen,  Goronwy  (1722-80),  a  Welsh  poet  in  England,  author  of  a 
celebrated  poem  on  <  The  Day  of  Judgment,  >  and  esteemed  by 
his  countrymen  the  last  of  the  great  poets  of  Wales 43       411 

Blackstone,  Sir  Wm.  (1723-80),  celebrated  author  of  *  Commentaries 

on  the  Laws  of  England > 42         6r 

Smith,  Adam  (1723-90),  author  of  <The  Wealth  of  Nations,*  a  com- 
prehensive protest  against  restraints  and  restrictions  in  trade. 34   13519-36 

Price,  Richard  (1723-91),  a  notable  English  philosopher  and  man  of 
science,  a  friend  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  an  ardent  sympathizer 
with  the  American  Revolution,  and  author  of  important  polit- 
ical and  financial  writings   43        440 

Reynolds,  Sir  Joshua  (1723-92),  a  famous  English  painter;  author  of 
fifteen  annual  addresses  on  art  topics,  and  of  essays  and  notes 
of  art  interest   43       456 

Burney,  Charles    (i  726-1 814),  a  celebrated   London  musician,  author 

of  <  History  of  Music  *  (4  vols. ,   1 776-89) 42         84 

Goldsmith,  Oliver  (1728-74),  author  of  the  < Vicar  of  Wakefield,*  the 
exquisite  humor  and  realism  of  which  have  made  it  a  universal 
classic.    The  Library  gives  twenty -three  pages  of  choice  examples.  1 6  6501-32 


Cxlii  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Burke,  Edmund  (1729-97),  a  statesman  and  great  parliamentary  ora- 
tor, especially  important  from  his  action  in  regard  to  America .  .  7  2779-808 

Churchill,  Charles  (1731-64),  an  exceedingly  popular  English  satiri- 
cal poet,  author  of  satires  upon  the  actors  of  his  time 42        109 

Cowper,  William  (i  731-1800),  a  poet  whose  eye  for  nature  led  him  to 

begin  departure  from  the  artificial  style  of  Pope 10  4107-16 

Darvrin,  Erasmus    (i 731-1802),  naturalist  and   poet,  author  of  works 

showing  great  powers  of  observation  and  thought 42        132 

Priestley,  Joseph  (1733-1804),  a  celebrated  English  chemist,  physicist, 
philosopher,  and  religious  writer ;  author  of  important  researches 
in  science,  and  of  works  advocating  advanced  religious  views  .43       441 

Colman,  George    (1733-94),   a  dramatist  of  reputation  for  humorous 

and  well-constructed  plays 10  3901-08 

Gibbon,  Edwar^  (1737-94),  author  of  <The  History  of  the  Decline 
and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,*  one  of  the  greatest  master- 
pieces of  historical  literature.  The  Library  has  a  story  of  his 
genius  and  work  by  Lecky,  and  forty-four  pages  of  examples.  .  1 6  6271-332 

Boswell,  James  (1740-95),  the  memorable  biographer  of  Samuel  John- 
son  5  2227-51 

Francis,  Sir  Philip  (1740-1818),  Irish-English  statesman,  in  India 
and  in  Parliament,  commonly  believed  to  be  the  author  of  the 
celebrated  <  Letters  of  Junius  > 42        199 

Young,  Arthur  (1741-1820),  author  of  ^Travels  in  France,*  of  extreme 
interest  for  studies  of  agriculture,  and  editor  of  <  Annals  of 
Agriculture  >  in  England 39  16261-76 

Barbauld,  Mrs.   (* 743-1 825),  a  poet  and   essayist  best  known  by  her 

<  Early  Lessons  for  Children  > 4   1481-95 

Dibdin,  Charles  (1745-1814),  an  .actor,  dramatist,  and  music  com- 
poser, notable  for  his  songs  of  war  by  sea 11  4620-24 

Grattan,  Henry  (i 746-1820),  an  eminent  Irish  statesman,  and  in  pas- 
sionate eloquence  an  orator  of  the  highest  rank 16  6615-22 

Parr,  Samuel  (1747-1825),  a  famous  English  scholar  and  schoolmaster, 
notable  for  extent  and  variety  of  learning,  and  for  conversational 
powers  .which   made  him  a  great  figure  in  his  day 43       417 

Bentham,  Jeremy  (i 748-1832),  an  eminent  expounder  of  the  utilita- 
rian theory  of  morals  4  1773-82 

Sheridan,  Richard  Brinsley  (1751-1816),  an  Irish  writer  of  comedies, 
of  which  the  <  School  for  Scandal  >  and  <  The  Rivals  >  are  ex- 
amples. The  Library  has  the  dramatist's  story  by  Brander 
Matthews,  and  forty-three  pages  of   examples 34  13317-62 

Chatterton,  Thomas  (1752-70),  a  youthful  initiator  of  the  style  of  po- 
etry known  as  Romantic.      The  Library  gives  fine  examples ...  9  3539-50 

Ritson,  Joseph  (i  752-1803),  an  English  scholar  and  antiquary,  editor 
of  many  reprints  of  old  and  rare  books,  and  author  of  works 
of  extreme  interest  for  the  history  of  English  poetry 43       460 

Edwards,  George   (1752-1823),  an  English  author  of  a  great  number 

of  books  ardently  designed  to  promote  social  reform 42        163 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  Cxliii 

Burney,  Frances  (1752-1840),  an  extremely  successful  writer  of  stories 

in  which  was  created  the  family  novel 7  2817-32 

Crabbe,  George  (1754-1832),  a  poet  of  the  transition  from  the  arti- 
ficial to  the  natural 10  411 7-22 

Gifford,  William  (1756-1826),  an  English  satirical  poet,  translator,  and 

critic;    notable  as   editor   of  the  Quarterly   Review  42       216 

Blake,  William  (1757-1827),    a   poet-painter,    writer   of   verse  highly 

mystical  and  imaginative 5  2041-50 

Godwin,  William  (i 756-1 836),  an  English  political* philosopher;  author 
of  novels,  biographical  and  historical  studies,  and  political  essays, 
of  which  that  on  <  Political  Justice  >  (1793)  is  one  of  the  strong- 
est in  the  language   42        222 

Taylor,  Thomas  (1758-1835),  an  English  author  noted  as  «the  Platon- 
ist  >^ ;  notable  for  his  translations  of  Greek  and  Latin  works,  es- 
pecially Plato  and  Aristotle   43        517 

Wilberforce,  William  (1759-1833),  an  English  statesman  and  reformer, 
author  of  appeals  which  effected  the  abolition  of  the  slave 
trade  under  British  rule 43        574 

Beckford,  William  (1759-1844),  author  of  an  Oriental  novelette,  <The 

History  of  the  Caliph  Vathek,^  inimitable  as  a  fascinating  story .  4  1699-712 

Burns,  Robert  (1759-96),  the  most  interesting  and  most  famous  of 
Scottish  poets.  The  Library  has  twelve  pages  of  rarely  inter- 
esting story  by  R.  H.  Stoddard,  and  twenty-two  pages  of  de- 
lightful examples,  rich  in  thought,  as  well  as  song 7  2833-66 

Wollstonecraft,  Mary  (1759-97),  author  of  <  Vindication  of  the  Rights 

of  Women,  >  an  epoch-making  book  of  the  year  1792 39   16129-44 

Cobbett,  William  (1762-1835),  an  English  political  essayist  noted  for 
discussion  in  countless  pamphlets  of  social  and  economic  ques- 
tions   42        113 

Colman,  George  (the  Younger)  (1762-1836),  notable  humorous  dram- 
atist, author  of  racy  and  most  laughable  comedies  —  an  unprece- 
dentedly  large  sum  paid  for  his  <  John  BulP 42        116 

Bowles,  Wm.  L.  (1762-1850),  poet  and  critical  editor  (of  Pope),  cre- 
ator of  Lake  School  of  English  poetry 42         70 

Baillie,  Joanna  (1762-1851),  a  Scottish  dramatist  and  poet  whom  Scott 
praised  as  one  suggesting  Shakespeare.  The  Library  has  a 
delightful  story  and  a  rich  store  of  examples 3   1253-71 

Rogers,  Samuel  (1763-1855),  a  poet  of  rare  artistic  gift,  and  an  inter- 
esting literary  autocrat 31    12345-56 

Eden,  Sir  Frederick  Morton  (1766-1809)    an  important  English  writer 

on  sociology  and  economics 42        162 

Lady  Nairne  (Caroline  Oliphant)  (1766-1845),  a  singularly  sweet  and 
tender  Scottish  singer  —  a  near  approach  to  the  ideal  woman 
poet 2  7   10543-54 

D'Israeli,  Isaac  (1766-1848),  an  English  literary  scholar  and  essayist, 
author  of  valuable  literary  and  historical  studies,  a  writer  of 
varied  information  about  books  and  authors,  with  a  tone  and 
style  peculiarly  attractive 42   145  ;  i  2  4725-32 


Cxliv  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Edgeworth,  Maria  (1767-1849),  a  famous  author  of   Irish  novels  and 

didactic  tales 13   5151-61 

Adolphus,  John  (1768-1845),  historical  and  miscellaneous  writer, 
author  of  <  History  of  England  from  the  Accession  of  George 
III.  to  1783  > 42  6 

Clarke,  Edward  Daniel  (i  769-1822),  a  traveler  and  descriptive  writer, 
especially  distinguished  for  his  scholarly  studies  of  Greek  and 
other  antiquities 42        iii 

Malcolm,  Sir  John  (1769-1853),  a  distinguished  English  soldier  in 
India,  and  author  of  extremely  valuable  studies  of  both  India 
and  Persia 43        364 

Canning,  George  (1770-1827),  a  brilliant  British  statesman,  an  orator 
of  extraordinary  literary  eloquence,  and  one  of  the  « Anti- 
Jacobin  >>  writers 8   3189-98 

Hogg,  James  (1770-1835),  the  «Ettrick  Shepherd, >>  and  a  great  name 

in  modern  Scottish  poetry 18  7403-08 

Foster,  John  (1770-1843),  an    English  clergyman  of  advanced  views, 

author  of  notably  thoughtful  <  Essays  > 42        197 

Wordsworth,  William  (1770-1850),  the  universally  accepted  poet  of 
nature  and  of  thought,  a  master  of  the  natural  school.  The 
Library  has  the  story  by  F.  W.  H.  Myers,  and  twenty-nine 
pages  of  fine  examples 3  9   16193-229 

Scott,  Sir  Walter  (1771-1832),  the  most  universally  known  of  all 
modern  writers,  author  of  novels  never  surpassed  in  their  hold 
upon  popular  interest.  The  Library  has  Andrew  Lang's  story 
of  Scott,  and  eighty  pages  of  examples 33   12995-3082 

Smith,  Sydney  (1771-1845),  a  writer  of  fine  intellect  and  rare  wit,  an 
advanced  thinker,  and  a  power  for  progress  in  England  from 
1805  to  1845 34   13556-74 

Ricardo,  David  (1772-1823),  an  English  political  economist,  a  con- 
tinuator  of  the  teaching  of  Adam  Smith,  and  author  of  writ- 
ings of  great  and  wide  influence  upon  political  economy 43       456 

Coleridge,  Samuel  Taylor  (1772-1834),  a  brilliant  and  fascinating 
poet,  a  profound  thinker  and  penetrating  critic.  The  Library 
has  a  critical  story  by  Professor  Woodberry,  and  eighteen 
pages  of  fine  examples 9  3843-70 

Cary,  Henry  Francis  (i 772-1844),  an  English  scholar  in  Latin,  Greek, 
and  French;  notable  for  his  translation  of  masterpieces,  that, 
especially,  of  Dante's  <  Divine  Comedy  > 42         97 

Mill,  James  (1773-1836),  a  noted  English  philosophical  writer,  histo- 
rian, and  political  economist;  author  of  a  great  work  initiating 
important  new  views  in  psychology,  of  a  <  History  of  British 
India,  >  and  of  a  treatise  on  political   economy 43        383 

Baily,  Francis  (1774-1844),  English  astronomer,  editor  of  the  <Nauti- 
cal  Almanac, >  and  author  of  <  Astronomical  Society's  Catalogue 
of  Stars> 42         36 

Southey,  Robert  (1774-1843),  the  poet  laureate  of  England  from  1813 
to  1843;  a  masterly  writer  of  English  prose;  author  of  works  in 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  Cxlv 

history  and  biography,  of   which  the   Lives  of   Nelson,  Wesley, 

and  Cowper  are  best  known 35   13677-92 

Austen,  Jane  (1775-1817),  the  author  of  six  novels  of  real  life  so 
perfectly  executed  as  to  draw  from  Macaulay  a  comparison  to 
Shakespeare,  and  from  Walter  Scott  the  declaration  that  her 
power  was  beyond  him.  The  Library  has  thirty  pages  of  ex- 
amples and  a  most  interesting  story  of  the  genius  of  the  mar- 
velous woman-artist 3   1045-79 

Lamb,  Charles  (1775-1834),  one  of  the  most  winning,  genuine,  and 
delightful  of  English  writers,  rich  in  humor  and  pathos,  and 
wholly  pure  and  healthy.  The  Library  has  twenty-four  pages 
of   examples  2  a  8817-44 

Dibdin,  Thomas    F.  (1775-1847),    eminent   bibliographer   in   London, 

author  of  valuable  bibliographical  works 42        143 

Lander,  Walter  Savage  (1775-1864),  one  of  the  most  masterly  writ- 
ers of  English  of  the  age  of  Victoria ;  author  of  learned  <  Im- 
aginary Conversations,*  and  of  some  poetry  of  lofty  quality.  .22  8861-79 

Campbell,  Thomas  (1777-1844),  a  Scottish  poet  of  humanity  patriot- 
ism, and  sentiment;  most  notable  as  the  author  of  <The  Pleas- 
ures of  Hope.*     The  Library  has  twenty  pages  of  examples.  .  .8  3159-83 

Hallam,  Henry  (1777-1859),  the  author  of  historical  works  marked  by 

thorough  learning,  lucid  narrative,  and  unfailing  interest 17  6853-60 

Davy,  Sir  Humphry  (1778-1829),  eminent  leader  in  modern  develop- 
ment of  science;  author  of  discoveries,  researches,  and  expo- 
sitions  42        135 

Hazlitt,  William  (i 778-1830),  an  essayist,  critic,  and  reviewer,  finely 
accomplished  as  a  literary  artist.  The  Library  gives,  as  an 
example,  twelve  pages  of  <  Table  Talk  * 18  7115-30 

Brougham,  Lord  (1778-1868),  statesman,  orator,  and  author 42         77 

Moore,  Thomas  (1779-1852),  the  poet  of  <Lalla  Rookh,>  and  of  songs 
and  melodies  universally  and  permanently  popular.  The  Li- 
brary has  twenty  pages  of  examples 26  10271-94 

Campbell,  John  (1779-1861),  Lord  Chancellor  of  England  (1859-61),  au- 
thor of  <  Lives  of  the  Lord  Chancellors  >  and  <  Lives  of  the  Chief 
Justices* 42         91 

Morier,  James  J.  (1780-1849),  the  author  of  <Hajji  Baba,>  a  tale  of,  Per- 
sian character  and  life  most  remarkably  true  to  the  facts,  and 
delightfully  interesting.  The  Library  has  a  fine  example  of 
thirteen  pages 26    10304-17 

Croker,  John  Wilson  (i  780-1857),  an  Irish  poet,  critic,  and  Tory  politi- 
cian, specially  notable  for  his  edition  of  ^Boswell's  Life  of 
Johnson* 42        125 

Croly,  George  (i  780-1860),  a  versatile  writer  of  poems,  dramas,  novels, 
of  which  the  novel,  <Salathiel  the  Immortal,*  has  the  most  en- 
during fame 10  4197-207 

Elliott,  Ebenezer  (i  781-1849),  an  English  foundrj' workingman,  author 

of  popular  poems  in  the  interest  of   the  working  class 42        167 

10 


Cxlvi  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Aikin,  Lucy  (1781-1864),  classically  educated  daughter   of   Dr.    John 

Aikin,  author  of  works  in  English  history  and  literature 42  8 

Ferrier,  Susan   Edmonstone  (1782-1854),   a   Scottish    novelist   whose 

three  novels  are  marked  by  fine  character-drawing 14  5649-62 

Darlington,  William  (1782-1863),  scientist  of  note,  author  of  valuable 

botanical  works 42        132 

Heber,  Reginald  (1783-1826),  a  poet  of  religious  feeling,  reputed  one 

of  the  best  of  all  writers  of  hymns 18  71 53-60 

Hunt,  Leigh  (i 784-1 859),  a  journalist,  essayist,  and  critic,  best  known 

by  his  <  Autobiography  >  ....    19   7791-804 

Wilson,  John  (1785-1854),  a  Scottish  university  professor,  brilliant  es- 
sayist, and  humorist 39   16032-46 

De  Quincey,  Thomas  (1785-1859),  an  essayist,  notable  for  his  « impas- 
sioned prose,  >>  and  especially  famous  for  his  autobiographical 
< Confessions. >     The  Library  has  eighteen  pages  of  examples.  11  4555-79 

Napier,  Sir  William  (1785-1860),  a  British  soldier  of  experience  in 
the  wars  against  Napoleon,  and  in  literature  ranking  among 
the  greatest  of  military  historians  through  his  <  History  of  the 
War  in  the  Peninsula  ^ 43       401 

Peacock,  Thomas  Love  (1785-1866),  a  writer  of  novels  satirical  of 
English  characters  and  life,  and  very  rich  in  humor.  The  Li- 
brary has  twenty-two  pages  of  examples 28   11223-57 

Napier,  Sir  Charles  John  (1786-1860),  an  English  military  and  naval 
historian,  a  naval  authority  of  distinction,  and  author  of  valu- 
able military  and  naval  histories 43       400 

Wilson,  Horace  Hayman  (1786-1860),  an  English  official  in  India, 
professor  of  Sanskrit  at  Oxford,  and  author  of  important  works 
for  the  study  of  Sanskrit  and  the  religion  and  literature  of 
India 43        578 

Gaspe,  Philip  Aubert  de  (i 786-1871),  a  Canadian  author;  notable  for 
<  Memoirs  >  treating  of  Canadian  traditions  and  folklore,  and 
for  his  <01d-Time  Canadians, >  said  to  be  the  most  popular 
book  ever  published  in  Canada 42        209 

Mitford,   Mary   Russell   (1787-1855),  a    voluminous    writer   of    plays, 

poems,  sketches,  and  stories ;  most  notable  for  <  Our  Village  > .  2  5   10143-52 

Allies,  Jabez  (i  787-1 856),  English  antiquary,  one  of  the  earhest 
writers,  on  folklore,  and  author  of  a  monumental  work  on  Ro- 
man and  Saxon  antiquities 42  i5 

Whately,  Richard  (1787-1863),  eminent  English  divine,  educator,  and 
essayist;  author  of  religious,  critical,  and  historical  studies  of 
great  interest  and  value  43        57^ 

Procter,  B.  W.  (1787-1874),  author  of  rare  <  Dramatic  Sketches,'  and 

of  lyrics   exquisitely  perfect 30   1 1849-60 

Clarke,  Charles  Cowden  (1787-1877),  and  Clarke,  Mrs.  Mary  Cow- 
den  (1809-98),  authors  of  many  valuable  works,  essays,  studies, 
and  novels,  an  edition  of  Shakespeare's  plays,  and  Mrs.  Clarke's 
< Complete  Concordance  to  Shakespeare > 42        m 

Byron,  Lord   (1788- 1824),  the  marvelously  brilliant  and   popular  poet 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  Cxlvii 

of  the  years  1812-24.      The  Library  has  a  full  story  of  his  life, 

by  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  and  fifty-eight  pa^es  of  examples  7  2935-3000 

Hook,  Theodore  (1788-1841),  author  of  thirty-eight  volumes  of  comic 

or  light  writing  which  were  very  popular  in  their  day 19  7613-18 

Barham,  Richard  Harris  (i 788-1845),  a  celebrated  literary  humorist, 

author  of  the  <  Ingoldsby  Legends  ^ 4   1 503-29 

De  Vere,  Sir  Aubrey  (i  788-1 846),  an  Irish  poet  of  profound  feeling 
for  Ireland ;  author  of  dramas  and  sonnets  of  very  marked  qual- 
ity   II  4609-1 2 

Palgrave,  Sir  Francis  (1788-1861),  an  English  historian  of  Jewish 
birth,  author  of  important  contributions  to  both  secular  and 
church  history 43        414 

Blessington,  Countess  of  (i  789-1849),  an  Irish  descriptive  writer  and 

novelist 42         63 

Elliott,  Charlotte  (1789-1871),  an  English  hymn-writer,  author  of  uni- 
versally popular  sacred  songs 42        167 

Dilke,  Charles  W.  (1789-1864),  eminent  English  critic  and  publicist, 

editor  of  the  London  Athenaeum 42        145 

Collier,  John  Payne  (i  789-1883),  an  English  Shakespearean  scholar 
and  critic;  author  of  studies  in  the  history  of  the  English 
drama,  and  of  an  edition  of  Shakespeare 42        115 

Barker,  Matthew  H.  (1790-1846),  English  author  of  popular  sea  tales. 42         42 

Wolfe,  Charles  (1791-1823),  an  Irish  clergyman  and  poet,  notable  for 

his  <  Burial  of  Sir  John  Moore  * 43        582 

Faraday,  Michael  (1791-1867),  an  English  physicist  and  chemist;  author 
of  researches  in  chemistry,  electricity,  and  magnetism,  unsur- 
passed in  the  history  of  modern  science 42        179 

Miltnan,  Henry  Hart  (1791-1868),  an  eminent  English  scholar,  histo- 
rian, and  poet;  author  of  an  able  < History  of  the  Jews,>  a  < His- 
tory of  Christianity  under  the  Empire,*  and  an  elaborate  <  His- 
tory of  Latin  Christianity, >  —  also  of  a  <Life  of  Gibbon, >  and 
of  notes  to  an  edition  of  Gibbon's  great  work 43        384 

Bailey,  Samuel  (1791-1870).  English  writer  on  philosophy  and  politi- 
cal economy  42         36 

Knight,  Charles  (1791-1873),  an  English  publisher ;  projector  of  many 
popular  works ;  and  especially  notable  for  his  <  Pictorial  Shakes- 
peare >  and  his  <  Popular  History  of  England,  >  a  monument  of 
research,  breadth  of  view,  and  public  interest 43       309 

Shelley,  Percy  Bysshe  (1792-1822),  a  poet  of  very  high  rank,  not  only 
as  a  lyric  singer,  but  as  a  thinker  and  moral  enthusiast.  The 
Library  has  Professor  Woodberry's  story  of  his  genius  and  thirty- 
six  pages  of  examples;  splendid  lyrics  given  in  full 34  13265-306 

Keble,  John  (1792-1866),  a  famous  English  religious  poet 43        299 

Bowring,  John  (1792-1872),  a  great  linguist,  scholar,  and  diplomat, 
who  wrote  beautiful  hymns  and  was  notable  for  his  fine  trans- 
lations from  little-known  languages 5  2263-71 

Marryat,  Frederick  (1792-1848),  one  of  the  admirable  masters  of  popu- 
lar fiction,  chiefly  notable  for  his  stories  of  the  sea  24  9737-49 


Cxlviii  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Herschel,  Sir  John  Frederick  William  (1792-1871),  an  English  astrono- 
mer of  the  highest  distinction,  author  of  important  astronomical 
and  other  scientific  studies 42        262 

Howitt,   William   (1792-1879);    Mary  (1799-1888),   English   writers   of 

notable  interest  in  a  wide  range  of  essays  and  historical  studies.  42        277 

Maginn,  Dr.  William  (1793-1842),  a  brilliant  Irish  journalist  in  Lon- 
don from  1824  until  near  the  close  of  his  life 24  9564-68 

Hemans,  Felicia   Dorothea  (1793-1835),  a  poet  of  high  distinction  for 

tender  feeling  and  beautiful  verse 18  7229-35 

Clare,  John  (1793-1864),  an  agricultural  laborer   wholly  uneducated, 

author  of  poems  of  rural  life  indicating  marked  poetic  talent  .  .42        no 

Eastlake,   Sir   Charles   Locke  (i  793-1865),  English  artist,  critic,  and 

art  historian;  author  of  works  of  extreme  value ! ... 42        160 

Lockhart,  John  Gibson  (1794-1854),  a  most  brilliant  and  versatile  poet 
and  essayist,  editor  of  Quarterly  Review,  translator  of  <  Spanish 
Ballads,  >  and  author  of  a  monumental  <Life  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott.  >  The  Library  gives,  in  nine  pages,  his  <  Last  Days  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott  > 23  9125-38 

Jameson,  Anna  Brownell  (1794-1860),  an  English  writer  of  distinc- 
tion, author  of  a  variety  of  historical  and  art  studies 42        287 

Wheweli,  William  (1794-1866),  eminent  English  scholar  in  science 
and  philosophy,  university  professor  and  college  master  at  Cam- 
bridge, author  of  works  of  great  merit  on  the  history  and  prin- 
ciples of  the  inductive  sciences 43        570 

Carleton,  William  (i 794-1869),  an  Irish  novelist  of   great  power,  and 

especially  notable  for  his  portrayal  of  Irish  traits  and  teadencies  .42         94 

Grote,  George  (1794-1871),  author  of  <  History  of  Greece,'  ^ Plato  and 
other  Companions  of  Socrates,  >  and  <  Aristotle  >  —  works  of  the 
greatest  value  for  Greek   studies  17  6745-60 

Keats,  John  (1795-1821),  a  poet  of  very  rare  powers,  cut  off  by  death 
at  twenty-five,  but  leaving  work  which  has  given  him  very 
great  fame 21  8497-5 12 

Thomas,  Arnold  (i 795-1842),  notable  English  educator  and  historical 

writer,  of  special  authority  for  Roman  history 42  26 

Talfourd,  Sir  Thomas  Noon  (i  795-1854),  an  English  statesman,  poet, 
and  essayist;  author  of  poems,  tragedies,  Greek  historical  stud- 
ies, and  valuable   studies  of   Charles  Lamb 43        514 

Vaughan,  Robert  (1795-1868),  an  English  historian  and  university 
professor,  author  of  several  important  contributions  to  English 
history 43        544 

Carlyle,  Thomas  (1795-1881),  one  of  the  world's  most  origfinal  writers 
and  most  interesting  characters,  and  to  his  own  age  the  great 
teacher  of  new  thinking  and  new  progress.  The  Library  has 
an  exceptionally  just  and  interesting  story  of  the  great  master, 
by  Leslie  Stephen,  and  fifty-nine  pages  of  examples,  eight  fine 
specimens  of  his  best  work 8  3231-301 

Back,  Sir  George  (1796-1878),  English  admiral  and  Arctic   explorer, 

author  of  reports  of  Arctic  explorations 42         34 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  CxHx 

Coleridge,  Hartley  (1796-1849).    an   English   poet   and   literary  critic, 

author  of  essays  and  biographical  studies   42        1 14 

Haliburton,  Thomas  C.  ( 1 796-1865),  a  Nova-Scotian  jurist,  the  humor- 
ist creator  of  <<Sam  Slick,  >>  in  <  The  Clockmaker> 17  6848-52 

Gleig,  George  Robert  (i 796-1888),  an  English  soldier  under  Welling- 
ton in  Spain,  author  of  interesting  contributions  to  English 
military  history   42        220 

Motherwell,  William  (1797-1835),  a  Scottish  poet  and  essayist,  author 

of  ballads  unexcelled  for  sweetness  and  pathos   26  10365-72 

Lover,  Samuel  (i 797-1 868),  the  kindly  and  accomplished  author,  him- 
self Irish,  of  the  best  Irish  peasant  sketches  and  Irish  peasant 
songs  in  the  language 23  9216-28 

Eden,  Emily  (1797-1869),  English  author  of  realistic  novels,  and  of  in- 
teresting impressions  of  travel 42        162 

Thirlwall,  Connop  (i 797-1875),  an  eminent  English  historian,  notable 

for  a  valuable  <  History  of  Greece  ^ 4.3        522 

Lyell,  Sir  Charles  (1797-1875),  a  distinguished  English  scientist  of 
great  importance  in  the  history  of  scientific  advance  by  his 
progressive  researches  in  geology;  author  of  text-books,  and  of 
travels  of  great  interest  and  value 43        355 

Wilkinson,  Sir  J.  G.  (1797-1875),  an  English  Egyptologist ;  author  of 
many  valuable  Egyptian  studies,  including  a  great  work  on  the 
<  Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Ancient  Egyptians  > 43        576 

Banim,  John  (1798-1846);  Michael  (1796-1S74),  brothers  who  together 
wrote  in  1825-42  about  two  dozen  remarkably  successful  stories 
of   Irish  life.     The  Library  gfives  <The  Publican's  Dream >.  .  .  .4   1458-73 

Dyce,  Alexander  (i 798-1869),  English  literary  critic  and  historian, 
editor  of  editions  of  poets,  including  a  most  valuable  edition 
of  the  <  Works  of  Shakespeare  > 42        159 

Hood,  Thomas  (1799-1845),  the  unsurpassable  humorist  thinker-poet  of 
the  toilers  of  humanity  in  the  great  city.  The  Library  has 
Mrs.  Runkle's  finely-told  story  of  the  poet,  and  eighteen  pages 
of  the  best  examples 19  7589-609 

Finlay,  George  (1799-1875),  eminent  English  historian;  a  lifelong 
resident  in  Greece;  and  author  of  studies  in  Greek  history, 
which  ultimately  took  shape  as   an  historical  masterpiece 42        189 

Lang,  John  Dunmore  (1799-1878),  an  Australian  pioneer  of  Scotch 
birth  and  education,  influential  in  the  development  of  colonial 
culture,  and  author  of  works  of  special    Australian   interest. ...  4  3       325 

[The  Nineteenth  Century] 

Macaulay,  Thomas  B.  (1800-59),  the  most  popularly  interesting  of 
English  historians  and  essayists,  and  author  of  popular  ballads 
of  ancient  Rome.  The  Library  has  a  most  interesting  story  by 
Professor  Bach  McMaster,  and  fifty-four  pages  of  examples  .24  9381-439 

Bell,  Robert  (1800-67),  Irish  editor  of   English  poets;  and  author  of 

novels,  comedies,  and  historical  writing 42  52 

Robertson,  James    Burton   (1800-77),    an   English   historical  scholar; 


Cl  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

a  student  of  literature,  philosophy,  and  theology ;  author  of  trans; 

lations  from  the  German,  and  of  original  writings  of  interest,  43       461 

Barnes,   William    (1800-86),    a    very   interesting    Dorsetshire    dialect 

poet,  fine  examples  from  whom  are  given  in  the  Library 4  1563-70 

Taylor,  Sir  Henry  (1800-86),  a  poet  of  culture  and  of  thought,  in  his- 
torical drama,  and  of  lyrics  almost  Shakespearean  in  quality. 36  14539-50 

Bulwer,  Sir  Henry  (1801-72),  English  diplomat  and  author 42         82 

Newman,  John  Henry  (1801-90),  an  Oxford  university  preacher  of 
the  highest  distinction,  a  theologian  whose  studies  made  him 
give  up  Protestantism,  and  from  1845  the  most  conspicuous 
Roman  Catholic  writer  in  Great  Britain  —  a  master  of  literary 
art.  The  full  story  of  this  remarkable  man  by  R.  H.  Hutton 
is  of  great  interest 27   10597-618 

Airy,   Sir   George   B.    (1801-92),    celebrated  astronomer,    observatory 

director,  and  author 42  8 

Praed,  Winthrop  Mackworth  (1802-39),  a  notably  original  master  of 

society  verse,  a  perfect  artist  in  poetic  form 30  11757-66 

Wiseman,  Nicholas  Patrick  Stephen  (1802-65),  an  English  Roman. 
Catholic  archbishop  and  cardinal ;  author  of  important  historical, 
religious,  and  literary  works 43        581 

Martineau,  Harriet  (1802-76),  an  English  story -writer,  journalist,  his- 
torian, and  social  reformer;  author  of  studies  in  biography. 
English  history,  and  philosophy,  of  note  in  her  time 43       371 

Griffin,    Gerald    (1803-40),    author   of   sketches  of   Irish   peasant  life, 

poems,  and  romances  of  Ireland 17  6699-713 

Mangan,  James  C.  (1803-49),  a  most  gifted  Irish  poet,  author  of 
fine  lyric  translations  from  German  poets,  a  writer  on  Ireland's 
cause  in  periodicals.      The  Library  has  fine  examples 24  9664-70 

Jerrold,    Douglas    (1803-57),    a   journalist,  dramatist,  and  contributor 

to  Punch — an  advanced  thinker  and  broad-minded  humanitarian.  2  i  S257-68 

Bulwer-Lytton,  Edward  (1803-73),  author  of  various  classes  of  popular 
novels,  and  conspicuously  successful  as  a  dramatist.  The  Library 
has  his  story  by  Julian  Hawthorne,  and  twenty-seven  pages  of 
examples 6  2697-730 

Borrow,  George  (1803-81),  author  of  <The  Bible  in  Spain,  >  and  of 
books  on  the  gipsies  of  Spain,  the  interest  of  which  is  very 
great.  The  Library  has  a  most  interesting  story  by  Julian 
Hawthorne,  and   twenty-three  pages  of  examples 5  2175-203 

Home,  Richard  H.  H.  (1803-84),  a  poet  and  essayist  best  known  by 

<  Orion,  >  an  epic  poem  of  very  high  character 19  7641-44 

Alexander,  Sir  James  E.  (1803-85),  author  of   travels  in    Russia  and 

explorations  in   Africa 42         12 

Cobden,  Richard  (1804-65),  an  English  manufacturer  notable  as  the 
successful  leader  in  Parliament  of  the  agitation  in  favor  of  Free 
Trade 42        "S 

Schomburgk,  Sir  Robert  H.  (1804-65),  an  English  geographical  ex- 
plorer, notable  for  services  under  the  British  Government  in 
British  Guiana,  1835-39 4  3       485 


ENGLISH   LITERATURE  cli 

O'Mahony,  Francis  Sylvester  (1804-66),  an  Irish  priest,  who  became 
a  brilliant  writer  for  Eraser's  Magazine,  and  author  of  <  Let- 
ters from  Rome  >  in  the  London   Daily  News 27   10845-56 

Beaconsfield,  Lord  (1804-81),    a   brilliant    statesman,  prime  minister, 

and  author  of  remarkable'  novels 4   1633-56 

Gould,  John  (1804-81),  an  English  ornithologist ;  author,  from  1838,  of 
extensive  travels  and  observations  in  Australia;  compiler  of  a 
great  work  on  the  <  Birds  of  Australia, >  and  of  other  hardly 
less  important  contributions  to  natural  history 42        228 

Dyer,  Thomas  Henry  (1804-88),  English  author  of  important  histories 

of  Rome,  Athens,  and  Modern    Europe   42        159 

Maurice,  Frederick  Denison  (1805-70),  an  English  Churchman  of 
broad  liberality  in  doctrine;  a  zealous  humanitarian;  and  an 
authot  of  books  on  the  history  of  moral  philosophy,  on  church 
history,  and  on  current  religious  and  social   problems 25  9828-42 

Stanhope,  Philip  Henry  (1805-75),  a  notable  English  historian,  of  im- 
portance for  the  later  history  of  England 43        503 

Ainsworth,  Wm.  H.  (1805-82),  a  prolific  English  novelist i     235-52 

Cooper,  Thomas  (1805-92),  an   English  Chartist   politician,  author  of 

effective  poems  and  stories 42        1 20 

Newman,  Francis  William  (1805-),  an  English  scholar,  historian,  and 
religious  writer;  author  of  works  representing  extreme  radical- 
ism in  contrast  with  those  of  his  brother  John  Henry  New- 
man  43        403 

Martineau,  James  (1805-),  an  eminent  Unitarian  preacher,  teacher  of 
divinity,  and  author  of  valuable  books  on  philosophy  and  the- 
ology   24  9759-69 

Lewis,  Sir  George  Cornewall  (1806-63),  an  English  statesman,  scholar, 
and  critic,  eminent  in  public  affairs,  and  author  of  works  of 
historical,  linguistic,  and  literary  research  of  great  value 43        340 

Lever,  Charles  (1806-72),  an  Irish  author  of  novels,  the  best  of  them 

tales  of  Irish  soldier  life 23  9025-36 

Mill,  John  Stuart  (1806-73),  one  of  the  most  noteworthy  thinkers  and 
prose-writers  of  the  nineteenth  century,  a  noble  character,  a 
great  man,  and  as  a  teacher  of  reason  and  humanity  excep- 
tionally influential.  The  Library  has  the  story  of  his  genius 
and  work  by  Professor  Richard  T.  Ely,  and  fine  examples 
from  his  works 25   10007-26 

Ainsworth,   Wm.    Francis    (1807-96),    English    physician,    naturalist, 

editor,  and  author  of  travels  in  Asia 42  8 

Elliott,  Sir  Henry  M.  (1808-53),  an  English  oificial  in  India,  author  of 

important  writings  on  the  history  and  peoples  of  India 42        167 

Chorley,  Henry  F.  (1808-72),  miscellaneous  writer  and  critic  of  dis- 
tinction, a  leading  contributor  to  the  London  Athenaeum,  and 

noted  for  refinement  of  perception  and  taste 42        108 

Turner,  Charles  Tennyson  (1808-79),  an  older  brother  of  Alfred  Ten- 
nyson, author  of  sonnets  and  poems,  and  a  very  sweet  and 
genuine  lyric  singer 36  14638-42 


Clii  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Spedding,  James  (1808-81),  an  English  literary  historian  and  reviewer; 
author  of  an  important  edition  of  the  works  of  Lord  Bacon, 
and  of  a  very  complete  life  of  Bacon  with  his  < Letters*  and  a 
full  study  of  his  times 43        501 

Manning,  Cardinal  Henry  Edward  (1808-92),  a  distinguished  Roman 
Catholic  prelate,  a  convert  from  the  Church  of  England,  Arch- 
bishop of  Westminster  from  1865,  and  notable  writer 43        366 

Merivale,  Charles  (1808-93),  an  English  divine  and  historian;  author 
of  two  important  Roman  histories,  and  of  lectures  on  <  Early 
Church  History  >  43        379 

Browning,  Mrs.  E.  B.   (1809-61),  most  notable  English  woman  poet  42         79 

Greg,  William  R.  (1809-81),  an  English  author  of  religious  and  eco- 
nomic studies,  notable  for  their  extreme  liberal  tendency 42       232 

Darwin,  Charles  Robert  (1809-82),  the  great  naturalist  of  the  century, 
in  masterly  use  of  observation  an  Aristotle,  notable  for  bring- 
ing the  theory  of  evolution  into  universal  acceptance  by  a 
great  series  of  writings  begun  with  <The  Origin  of  Species  >  in 
1858-59.  The  Library  has  Professor  Ray  Lankester's  admirable 
story  of  the  man  and  the  scientist,  and  forty-one  remarkably 
interesting  examples  from  Darwin's  writings 11  4385-434 

Fitzgerald,  Edward  (1809-83),  a  writer  of  rarely  thoughtful  poetic 
genius,  whose  translations,  with  fine  touches  of  improvement,  of 
quatrains  from  Omar  Khayyam,  and  of  Greek  drama,  have 
made  him  famous.  The  Library  has  an  interesting  story  by 
Mr.  N.  H.  Dole,  and  fifteen  pages  of  choice  examples 14  5797-814 

Houghton,  Lord  (Richard  Monckton  Milnes)  (1809-S5),  an  English 
poet,  critic,  and  statesman;  author  of  verses  of  superior  quality, 
and  of  valuable  biographical  and  literary  essays 42        275 

Twiss,  Sir  Travers  (1809-90?),  a  celebrated  English  writer  on  inter- 
national law,  author  of  works  of  high  authority  on  belligerent 
rights  and  the  law  of  nations 43        535 

Kinglake,  Alexander  William  (1809-91),  author  of  <The  Invasion  of 
the  Crimea, >  and  of  <Eothen,>  a  very  rare  story  of  Eastern 
travel .    21  8599-610 

Tennyson,  Alfred  (1809-92),  the  most  representative  English  poet  of 
the  nineteenth  century,  celebrated  in  the  Library  by  Professor 
Henry  Van  Dyke,  with  forty-nine  pages  of  examples  36   14581-637 

Gladstone,  William  Ewart  (1809-98),  England's  most  notable  and 
noblest  statesman  under  Victoria;  a  great  master  of  parlia- 
mentary and  popular  eloquence;  and  on  Greek  subjects,  espe- 
cially Homer,  and  current  biblical  and  theological  problems,  a 
very  ardent  writer.  The  Library  has,  in  full,  his  estimate  of 
Macaulay 16  6359-72 

Glaisher,  James  (1809-),  an  English  astronomer;  author  of  a  great 
number  of  books  and  papers  of  scientific  interest,  including 
reports  of  twenty -nine  balloon  ascents  made  for  scientific  ptu"- 
poses ■ 42       220 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  cliii 

Gaskell,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  (1810-65),  author  of  novels  ranking  very  high 
in  both  interest  and  power,  and  exceptionally  pure  and  whole- 
some.   The  Library  has  delightful  examples  from  <  Cranford  > .  1 5  6205-20 

Alford,    Henry    (1810-71),    English     Biblical     (Greek)     commentator, 

preacher,  poet,  and  Review  editor  42  13 

Wright,  Thomas  ( 1810-77),  ^^  English  antiquary  and  historian, 
author  or  editor  of  a  long  series  of  works  of  great  value  for 
the  history  of  England  and  of  English  literature 43        586 

Brown,  John  (1810-82),  author  of  stories  and  essays  singularly  rich 
in  humor,  pathos,  and  sympathy.  The  Library  has  twenty-one 
pages  of  delightful  examples 6  2437-60 

Gosse,    Philip   Henry    (1810-88),  an    English    naturalist,  author   of  a 

large  number  of  important  contributions  to  natural  history  ....  4  2        227 

Rawlinson,  Sir  Henry  (1810-95),  an  eminent  English  scholar,  a  pro- 
found Orientalist  remarkable  for  his  researches  among  the 
cuneiform  inscriptions  of  Persia,  and  author  of  important  his- 
torical studies  43       452 

Brewer,   E.    Cobham    (1810-),  English  author   of  valuable   reference 

books 42         74 

Thackeray,  William  Makepeace  (181 1-63),  author  of  novels  and 
miscellany  of  very  high  quality,  a  great  humorist,  an  artist  in 
letters  of  the  first  rank,  and  a  man  greatly  loved  and  honored. 
With  W.  C.  Brownell's  very  complete  and  interesting  story, 
the  Library  has  sixty  pages  of  examples 36   14663-732 

Bright,  John  (181 1-89),  the  statesman  and  powerfully  eloquent  orator 
of  the  English  Parliament  whose  speeches  on  behalf  of  America 
in  the  Civil  War  were  counsel  and  prophecy  of  rare  literary 
vitality 6  2354-64 

Dickens,  Charles  (1812-70),  the  unsurpassed  humorist,  humanitarian, 
and  magician  of  novel-writing,  the  most  broadly  popular  and 
enduringly  delightful  painter  of  imaginary  lives  and  character, 
celebrated  in  the  Library  by  Lawrence  Hutton's  story  of  his 
career,  with  fifty-four  pages  of  illustrations 11  4625-88 

Macleod,  Norman  (1812-72),  a  most  eloquent  and  popular  Scottish 
preacher,  from  i860  editor  of  <Good  Words, >  and  a  writer  of 
stories  and  reminiscences  of  very  attractive  quality 24  9495-502 

Forster,  John  (1812-76),  an  English  journalist  and  historical  writer; 
author  of  <The  Life  of  Charles  Dickens,>  and  of  important 
studies  in  English  history 42        196 

Edwards,  Edward   (1812-86),  English   librarian;  author  of  works  of 

great  interest  on  libraries 42        163 

Latham,  Robert  Gordon  (1812-88),  a  distinguished  English  ethnologist 
and  philologist;  author  of  numerous  important  works  on  the 
English  language,  and  of  very  valuable  ethnological  studies  ..43        328 

Browning,  Robert  (1812-89),  eminent  Victorian  English  poet  42         79 

Aytoun,  W.  E.  (1813-65),  a  notable  Scotch  humorist,  essayist,  and  critic.42         32 

Helps,  Sir  Arthur  (1813-75),  a  noted  English  essayist  and  historian; 

author  of  a  History  of  Spanish  Conquests  in  America 42       259 


Cliv  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Pattison,  Mark  (1813-84),  an  English  critic  and  historian  of  litera- 
ture, notable  for  a  study  of  Isaac  Casaubon  vividly  picturing 
literary  life  in  the  sixteenth  century 43       419 

Smith,  William  (1813-93),  a  distinguished  English  classical  scholar; 
compiler  of  classical  dictionaries  of  great  value,  of  dictionaries 
also  of  biblical  learning  and  Christian  history,  and  of  text- 
books, manuals,  and  editions  of  important  histories 43       498 

Faber,  Frederick  W.  (1814-63),  an  Anglican  churchman,  and  later 
a  Roman  Catholic;  author  of  hymns  marked  by  singular  spirit- 
uality and  sweetness 42        177 

Le  Fanu,  Joseph  Sheridan  (1814-73),  a  popular  journalist  and  novel- 
ist, among  modern  Irish  novelists  next  in  popularity  to  Charles 
Lever « 43        333 

Kaye,  Sir  John  W.  (1814-76),  an  eminent  English  soldier  and  ad- 
ministrator in  India,  author  of  important  histories  and  bio- 
graphies relating  to  English  rule  in   India 43        298 

Colenso,  John  William  (1814-83),  an  English  missionary  bishop  in  South 

Africa,  author  of  broadly  radical  studies  of  the  Old  Testament. 42        114 

Eastwick,  Edward  B.  (1814-83),  an  English  Orientalist;  author  of 
valuable  works  on  East-Indian  subjects,  of  translations  from 
Persian  and  Hindu,  and  of  travels  in  Persia  and  Venezuela  .   42        160 

Crowe,  Catherine  (-1876),  English  author  of  a  tragedy  and  of  novels; 
an  ardent  devotee  of  spiritualism  and  animal  magnetism;  the 
< Night  Side  of  Nature'  her  most  notable  work 42        125 

Reade,  Charles  (1814-84),  an  able,  scholarly,  and  powerful  artist  in 
fiction;  a  sagacious  humanitarian  in  striking  at  abuses;  and  in 
his  masterpiece,  <The  Cloister  on  the  Hearth,  >  at  the  level  of 
the  best  painters  of  the  life  of  the  distant  past.  The  Library 
has  thirty-six  pages  of  fine  examples 31    12103-48 

De  Vera,   Aubrey  Thomas   (1S14-),   Irish  poet  and  political  essayist, 

author  also  of  sketches  of  travel  in  Turkey  and  Greece 42        142 

Gilbert,   Josiah    (1814-),    an   English  artist  and  writer  on  art,    since 

1843  author  of  a  variety  of  valuable  art  criticisms  and  studies.  42        216 

Clarke,  Hyde  (1815-78),  a  scholarly  writer  in  several  fields,  compiler 

of  an  excellent  abridged  < English  Dictionary > 42        in 

Stanley,  Arthur  Penrhyn  (1815-81),  an  English  Broad  Church  clergy- 
man, best  known  as  Dean  of  Westminster  Abbey;  author  of 
historical  and  other  writings  of  a  broadly  liberal  character 43        503 

Trollope,  Anthony  (1815-82),  a  novelist  who  won  the  cordial  praise 
of  Hawthorne  for  the  fidelity  of  his  pictures  of  common  Eng- 
lish life  and  character,  and  notably  in  the  parliamentary  and 
the  London  life  novels 37  15031-56 

Metcalfe,  Frederick  (1815-85),  an  Enghsh  Scandinavian  scholar;  au- 
thor of  sketches  and  studies  of  special  Scandinavian  interest, 
and  of  a  history  of  German  literature 43        380 

May,  Sir  Thomas  Erskine  (1815-86),  an  English  historical  writer, 
author  of  works  of  great  value  on  English  constitutional  his- 
tory, on  parliamentary  law,  and  on  democracy  in  Europe 43       374 


ENGLISH   LITERATURE  clv 

Rawlinson,  George  (1815-),  a  noted  English  scholar  and  historical 
writer,  author  of  classical  histories  of  the  great  Oriental  na- 
tions, of  works  on  <  Egypt  and  Phoenecia,>  and  (in  part)  of  an- 
notations to  an  edition  of  <  Herodotus  > 4  3       452 

Robertson,  Frederick  W.  (1816-53),  a  marvelously  eloquent  preacher 
in  the  English  church,  notable  for  his  new  departure  concep- 
tion of  Christianity  as  ethical  and  social,  instead  of  dogmatic 
and  ecclesiastical 31   12305-14 

Bronte,  Charlotte  (1816-55),  with  her  sisters,  Emily  and  Anne,  one  of 
the  most  pathetic  pictures  in  literature, —  Charlotte  a  writer  of 
the  keenest  critical  insight  and  artistic  power,  the  author 
of  novels  intensely  real;  Emily  depicting  degradation,  as  it 
had  fallen  on  their  only  brother,  with  a  horror  almost  of  dark 
imagination ;  and  Anne  reaching  with  feeble  hand  for  the  laurel 
of  literary  success.  The  lyibrary  tells  the  story  of  the  sisters, 
with  seventeen  pages  of  Charlotte's  work,  and  eleven  of 
Emily's 6  2381-416 

Smiles,  Samuel    (181 2-),  an   English   writer,  author  of  historical  and 

other  studies  and  essays  of  extreme  popular  interest 43       496 

Brooks,  Charles  Wm.  Shirley  (1816-74),  humorist,  novelist,  editor  of 

Punch  (1870-74) 42         76 

Martin,  Sir  Theodore  (1816-),  an  English  poet;  author  of  fine  trans- 
lations ,  and  writer  of  biographies  of  Prince  Albert,  the  Princess 
Alice,  and  others 43        371 

Bailey,  Philip  James  (1816-),  the  author  of  <Festus,>  a  poem  of 
liberalism  in  religion,  with  passages  showing  rare  genius,  and 
immensely  successful  when  published 3  1243-52 

Lewes,  George  Henry  (1817-78),  author  of  a  <  Life  of  Goethe,*  a 
<  History  of  Philosophy,*  and  of  works  of  research  in  biology 
and  psychology 23  9037-47 

Taylor,  Tom  (1817-80),  an  English  dramatist  and  humorist,  editor  of 
Punch  1874-80,  author  of  more  than  one  hundred  dramatic 
pieces 43        517 

Layard,  Sir  Austen  Henry  (1817-94),  an  English  traveler  and  archaeol- 
ogist, the  earliest  originator  of  explorations  which  have  resulted 
in  very  extensive  discoveries  in  Babylonia 43        330 

Hooker,  Sir  Joseph  D.  (1817-),  an  eminent  English  scientist;  the 
naturalist  of  the  famous  expedition  of  Sir  J.  C.  Ross ;  author  of 
< Botany  of  the  Antarctic  Voyage*  ;  traveler  in  India  (1847)  and 
explorer  in  Morocco  (1871);  botanical  director  at  Kew  Gardens 
(1855-85) ;  a  notable  promoter  of  Darwin's  success 42       272 

Holyoake,  George  Jacob  (1817-),  an  English  journalist  and  social 
reformer,  specially  notable  as  an  advocate  of  secularism,  and 
an  expositor  of  the  principles  of  cooperation 42        271 

Neale,  John  Mason  (1818-66),  a  notable  English  poet  and  church  his- 
torian; author  of  translations  of  Latin  and  Greek  hymns  which 
are  among  the  finest  religious  lyrics  in  the  language,  and  of 
valuable  historical  and  hymnological  studies 43       401 


Clvi  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Major,  Richard  Henry  (1818-91),  an  eminent  English  historical  and 
biographical  writer,  particularly  notable  for  studies  in  the  his- 
tory of  Portuguese  discovery  under  Prince  Henry 43        363 

Froude,  James  Anthony  (1818-94),  eminent  English  historian,  origin- 
ally turned  from  the  church  by  coming  to  extreme  liberal 
views.  The  Library  tells  his  story,  and  gives  thirty-six  pages 
of  examples 15  6059-100 

Alexander,  Mrs.  Cecil  F.  (1818-95),  Irish  poet,  writer  of  hymns  and 

religious  poems " 42  12 

Goldsmid,  Sir  Frederic  (1818-),  English  military  stafif  officer,  and  au- 
thor of  important  travels 42        223 

Dasent,  Sir  George  (1818-),  English  philologist  and  novelist,  notable 
as  scholar  in  Norse  languages,  and  translator  of  stories  and 
legends 42        132 

Clough,  Arthur  Hugh  (1819-61),  a  poet  of  the  extreme  liberalism 
represented  by  Carlyle  and  Emerson,  celebrated  finely  in  the 
Library  by  Professor  Norton  of  Harvard,  with  fourteen  pages 
of  representative  poems 9  3821-42 

Kingsley,  Charles  (1819-75),  a  broad  liberal  preacher,  « Christian  So- 
cialist, >>  and  ardent  humanitarian;  author  of  brilliantly  effective 
novels,  of  an  almost  perfect  fairy  story,  and  of  poems.  The 
Library  has  eighteen  pages  of  examples 22  S61 1-32 

Eliot,  George  (1819-80),  the  novelist,  poet,  and  social  philosopher,  a 
writer  notable  for  rich  sympathy  and  rare  humor,  in  strenuous 
ethical  and  humanitarian  endeavor  almost  a  woman-Socrates, 
and  a  most  effective  painter  of  life  and  character  in  her  novels. 
The  Library  has  an  exceptionally  valuable  story  by  Charles 
Waldstein,  and  thirty -five  pages  of  examples 13   5359-420 

Monier- Williams,  Sir  Monier  (1819-),  an  English  Orientalist;  profes- 
sor of  Sanskrit  at  Oxford  from  i860;  and  author  of  grammars, 
dictionaries,  and  editions  of  Sanskrit  works, — also  of  extremely 
valuable  works  for  English  readers  in  exposition  of  the  poetry, 
wisdom,  history,  religious  thought,  and  life  of  India 43        387 

Ruskin,  John  (1819-),  a  writer  on  art,  nature  as  the  ground  of  art, 
and  spiritual  culture  as  the  purpose  of  art,  the  richness  of 
whose  thought,  and  perfection  of  whose  literary  art,  have  made 
him  a  master-teacher  to  his  generation.  The  library  has  forty- 
six  pages  of  examples. 32    1 2509-62 

Blanchard,  E.  L.  (1820-89),  prolific  popular  author  of  grotesque-bur- 
lesque <  Christmas   Pantomimes  > 42         62 

Chauveau,  Pierre  Joseph  Olivier  (1820-90),  a  Canadian  statesman  of 
note,  author  of  popular  poems  and  of  prose  sketches  and  stud- 
ies   42        105 

Tyndall,  John  (1820-93),  a  professor  from  1853  to  1887  at  the  Royal 
Institution,  London;  a  most  able  manager  of  research,  and  unsur- 
passed as  a  brilliant  expositor  of  the  results  of  research.  The 
Library  gives,  in  eighteen  pages,  two  most  interesting  examples 
of  story  and  exposition 37   1 5141-60 


ENGLISH   LITERATURE  clvii 

Cavalcaselle,  G.  B.  (1820-97),  with  J.  A.  Crowe,  author  of  < History 
of  Painting  in  Italy, >  <  Early  Flemish  Painters,  >  and  <Life  of 
Titian  > 42         99 

Grove,  Sir  George  (1820-),  an  English  editor  and  general  writer  of 
distinction ;  notable  for  his  connection  with  musical  matters,  and 
his  great  <  Dictionary  of  Music  and  Musicians,  A.  D.  i45o-i878,> 
a  work  of  vast  and  accurate  learning 42        236 

Dawson,  Sir  John  W.  (1820-),  eminent  geologist,  Canadian  university 

professor,  and  author  of  valuable  geological  publications  42        135 

Spencer,  Herbert  (1820-),  the  representative  philosophic  mind  and 
advanced  thinker  of  modern  England;  author,  since  i860,  of  a 
series  of  works  embodying  a  comprehensive  exposition  of  philos- 
ophy based  upon  positive  science;  his  distinction  celebrated  in 
the  Library  by  F.  Howard  Collins,  in  a  story  of  twenty  pages, 
with  twenty-four  pages  of  examples 3  5   13707-50 

Buckle,  Henry  Thomas  (1821-62),  one  of  the  great  self-taught  schol- 
ars; author  of  studies  in  the  history  of  civilization,  the  daring 
originality,  logical  force,  and  literary  quality  of  which  gave  the 
volumes  published  a  success  only  second  to  that  of  Macaulay's 

<  England  > 6  2673-88 

Dixon,  W.  H.  (1821-79),  an  English  biographer,  historian,  and  critic; 

author   of    <  History    of    England    During   the    Common  wealth,  > 

<  Personal  History  of  Lord  Bacon, >  <  William  Penn,>  and  valu- 
able historical  and  biographical  studies 42        146 

Burton,  Sir  Richard  F.  (1821-90),  one  of  the  famous  explorers  and 
discoverers  of  the  century;  author  of  a  great  number  of  books 
of  travel,  and  of  a  very  superior  new  translation  of  the  <  Arabian 
Nights.  >  The  Library  has  nineteen  pages  of  very  interesting 
examples 7    2883-903 

Baker,  Samuel  White  (1821-93),  a  notable  explorer,  in  Ceylon,  and 
in  Africa ;  discoverer  of  one  of  the  head  waters  of  the  Nile,  and 
author  of  books  of  travel  and  discovery 3   1277-87 

Locker-Lampson,  Frederick  (1821-95),  a  poet  of  aristocratic  London, 
but  of  fine  taste,  pure  sentiment,  and  genuine  human  feeling; 
author  of  <  London  Lyrics, >  the  perfection  of  humorous-pathetic 
poetry.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Stoddard  writes  the  story  of  this  rare 
singer,  and  the  Library  has  ten  pages  of  choice  examples. . .  .23  91 11-24 

Russell,  Sir  William  Howard  (1821-),  an  English  journalist;  special 
correspondent  of  the  London  Times  in  the  Crimea,  in  India,  in 
the  United  States,  and  in  the  Franco-German  war;  author  of 
publications  embodying  his  experiences 43       473, 

Maine,  Sir  Henry  (1822-88),  an  eminent  university  professor  of  law; 
administrator  in  India;  and  author  of  books  of  research  into 
the  history  of  law,  of  institutions,  and  of  customs 24  9605-16 

Arnold,  Matthew  (1822-88),  eminent  critic,  essayist,  and  poet;  an  ex- 
treme liberal  thinker,  especially  representing  new-departure 
ideas  in  religion  at  Oxford.     The  Library  has  thirty  pages  of 


Clviii  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

examples,  and  a  very  fine  account  of  the  great  poet  and  thinker 

by  Professor  Woodberry 2    844-85 

Boucicault,  Dion  (1822-go),  dramatist  of  distinction,  and  actor 42         69 

Cupples,  George  (1822-91),  a  Scottish  author  of  novels  which  show 
genuine  creative  power,  stories  of  the  sea  not  second  to  any 
ever  written 10  4208-20 

Morley,  Henry  (1822-94),  an  English  physician,  scholar,  and  professor 
in  London;  editor  of  many  important  works;  and  author  of  ex- 
tended and  valuable  contributions  to  the  history  of  English 
literature 43        391 

Wallace,  Alfred  Russel  (1822-),  an  eminent  explorer  and  scientific  ob- 
server; originator  at  the  same  time  as  Darwin  of  a  theory  of 
how  evolution  takes  place ;  author  of  expositions  of  the  theory, 
and  of  valuable  books  of  exploration ;  and  an  eminent  spiritual- 
ist   38  15517-30 

Galton,  Francis  (1822-),  a  distinguished  English  anthropologist;  au- 
thor of  travels,  scientific  studies,  and  sketches,  a  cousin  of 
Charles  Darwin,  author  of  several  books  devoted  to  thorough 
study  of  the  nature  and  laws  of  heredity 42  207 ;  1 5  6174-84 

Cobbe,  Frances  Power  (1822-),  an  English  author  of  broadly  human- 
ist contributions  to  the  study  of  religion  and  morals 42        113 

Masson,  David  (1822-),  an  English  editor  and  professor  1852-65, 
Scottish  university  professor  at  Edinburgh  from  1865,  author 
of  a  monumental  history  of  Milton  and  his  times 43        372 

Rogers,  James  Edwin  Thorold  (1823-90),  an  Efiglish  economist,  uni- 
versity professor  at  Oxford,  author  of  important  works  of  great 
research  in  the  history  of  economics  in  England 43       464 

Freeman,  Edward  Augustus  (1823-92),  one  of  the  g^reatest  of  modern 
masters  of  historical  research  and  composition ;  author  of  his- 
tories, biographies,  and  essays,  rich  in  learning,  clear  and  pow- 
erful in  portrayal,  and  of  great  interest.  The  Library  has 
Professor  Bach  McMaster's  full  story  of  the  great  scholar's  work, 
and  twenty  pages  of  examples 15  5977-6001 

Hind,  John  Russell  (1823-96),  an  English  astronomer  of  distinction, 

author  of  important  contributions  to  astronomical  science 42        265 

Hughes,  Thomas  (1823-96),  a  lawyer,  advanced  liberal  in  Parliament, 
earnest  humanitarian  and  socialist,  author  of  stories  of  school 
and  college  life,  and  biographer  of  Charles  Kingsley 19  7695-708 

Patmore,  Coventry  (1823-96),  a  poet  and  elegant  prose-writer,  not- 
ably devoted  to  mystical  themes  and  the  interpretation  of 
spiritual  facts.  The  Library  gives  thirteen  pages  of  examples, 
with  Professor  Francis  Egan's  story  of  the  poet 28  iii 79-94 

Smith,  Goldwin  (1823-),  an  Oxford  university  scholar  and  professor 
of  history;  from  1868  an  American  professor  of  English  his- 
tory; at  Toronto  after  1871 ;  author  of  several  historical  works, 
biographies,  essays,  and  studies;  and  an  extreme  liberal  in 
questions  of  faith  34  13537-55 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  clix 

Muller,  Frederick  Max  (1823-),  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  and 
influential  of  living  Orientalists;  editor  of  the  Oxford  Univer- 
sity series,  in  forty -eight  volumes,  of  <The  Sacred  Books  of  the 
East  ^ ;  a  translator  and  expositor  of  the  <  Veda  ^ ;  interpreter  of  the 
culture  of  India ;  author  of  studies  of  language  and  of  religion ; 
and  a  foremost  advocate  of  extreme  liberalism  of  religious 
faith 26  10425-41 

Arnold,   Thomas  (1823-),   writer  on  English  literature,  and  editor  of 

old  English  texts 42         26 

Argyle,  George  Douglas  Campbell,  Duke  of  (1823-),  English  states- 
man and  eminent  philosophical,  scientific,  and  political  writer.  .42         23 

Dobell,  Sydney  (1824-74),  an  ardent  humanitarian  thinker  and  poet, 
of  wide  sympathies  and  vivid  imagination,  and  unsurpassed  in 
descriptions  of  scenery 12  4733-40 

Collins,  William  Wilkie  (1824-89),  the  associate  of  Dickens  in 
Household  Words,  and  author  of  novels  peculiarly  fascinating 
as  genuine  good  stories g  3879-900 

Hamley,  Sir  E.  B,  (1824-93),  a  British  general  in  the  Crimean  War; 
professor  of  military  history;  author  of  war  text-book,,  and  of 
valuable  historical  studies 42       246 

Thomson,  Sir  William  (Lord  Kelvin)  (1824-),  an  English  physicist  of 
the  greatest  eminence,  author  of  published  papers  and  works 
representing  the  highest  advance  of  modern  science 43        524 

Macdonald,  George  (1824-),  a  Scottish  Congregational  preacher,  who 
turned  to  literature,  and  wrote  a  large  number* of  novels, 
marked  by  broad  humanity  and  religious  liberalism 24  9455-72 

Procter,    Adelaide   Anne   (1825-64),  author  of  <Lyrics>  not  exceeded 

in  popularity  by  Tennyson's  poems 30  11849-52 

Edersheim,  Alfred  (1825-89),  a  Jewish  convert  to  Christianity,  notable 
for  Rabbinical  learning  and  as  an  interpreter  of  Jewish  life 
and  thought  in  the  time  of  Christ 13  5145-50 

Woolner,  Thomas  (1825-92),  an  eminent  English  sculptor  and  poet, 

author  of  several  volumes  of  high  quality 43       584 

Huxley,  Thomas  (1825-95),  natural  history  lecturer  at  the  Royal 
School  of  Mines,  London,  1854-85;  the  greatest  popular  science 
expositor  of  his  time;  a  great  master  of  research  recorded  in 
four  monumental  volumes ;  author  of  several  volumes  of  Dar- 
winian exposition,  and  of  brilliant  essays  of  criticism  in  the 
field  of  Hebrew  and  Christian  tradition.  Professor  Ray  Lan- 
kester's  story  is  one  of  the  richest  chapters  in  the  Library,  and 
there  are  twenty  pages  of  examples i  g  7805-34 

Crowe,  Joseph  Archer  (1825-96),  eminent  English  journalist  and 
diplomat;  author,  with  G.  B.  Cavalcaselle,  of  the  < History  of 
Painting  in  Italy  >  (1864-71),  and  of  other  volumes  on  art  sub- 
jects  42       125 

Brierley,  B.  (1825-),  English  author  of  Lancashire  dialect  stories .  . .  .  4 2         74 

Stubbs,  William  (1825-),  the  ablest  and  most  authoritative  of  writers 

on  English  constitutional  history 35  14139-54 


Clx  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Blackmore,  Richard  Doddridge  (1825-),  the  author  of  <  Lorna  Doone,> 
and  of  other  novels  rich  in  adventure  and  dramatic  situations, 
original  and  powerful  in  character-drawing,  very  strong  in  ap- 
peals to  sympathy,  and  studious  of  nature  in  field  or  farm  or 
moor  or  coast.  The  Library  has  a  capital  story  and  twenty- 
six  pages  of   examples 5  201 1-40 

Bickersteth,  E.  H.  (1825-),    scholarly  devotional   poet,  and  compiler, 

of  Evangelical    English  <  Hymnal  >   42  58 

Alexander,  Mrs.  (Annie  Hector)  (1825-),  a  prolific  and  popular  Irish 

novelist 42         12 

Furnivall,  Frederick  James  (1825-),  an  English  historian  of  literature, 
notable  for  studies  and  researches  of  gfreat  value  for  accurate 
knowledge  of  English  literary  history 42        205 

Westcott,  Brooke  Foss  (1825-),  an  English  divine  and  biblical 
scholar,  editor  of  a  Greek  New  Testament,  and  author  of  im- 
portant biblical  studies 43        569 

Bagehot,  Walter  (1826-77),  an  eminent  economist  and  essayist;  an 
editor  of  the  <  National  Review  >  1854-63;  editor  of  <The  Econ- 
omist >  1860-77;  author  of  < Lombard  Street,*  of  <  Physics  and 
Politics,  >  and  of  <The  English  Constitution  > ;  and  in  political 
and  economic  thinking  the  foremost  guide  to  whom  students 
can  turn.  The  story  in  the  Library  by  Forrest  Morgan  is  most 
interesting,    and  there  are  twenty-six  pages  of  examples 3   1203-34 

Buckland,  Francis  Trevelyan  (1826-80),  a  physician  and  surgeon,  an 
adept  in  biology,  government  Inspector  of  Salmon  Fisheries, 
and  author  of  valuable  volumes  devoted  to  popularizing  sci- 
ence   6  2661-72 

Grant,  Sir  Alexander  (1826-84),  eminent  English  educator  in  India, 
and  later  at  Edinburgh;  author  of  important  classical  transla- 
tions and   studies ...  4  2        229 

Craik,  Dinah  Maria  Mulock  (1826-87),  author  of  novels  of  high  imag- 
inative and  dramatic  quality,  the  best  sort  of  English  domestic 
novels,  full  of  good  influence ;  also  writer  of  tales  for  the  young, 
and  volumes  of  travels  and  poems i  o  41 23-38 

Hiles,  Henry  (1826-),  an  English  organist,  composer,  and  author; 
professor  at  Owens  College,  Manchester ;  and  author  of  standard 
musical  works 42        264 

Dufferin,  Frederick,  Earl  of  (1826-),  eminent  English  statesman,  au- 
thor of  valuable  travels  and  historical  studies 42        154 

Hutton,  Richard  Holt  (1826-97),  an  English  editor  and  critic;  chief  con- 
ductor for  many  years  of  the  London  Spectator;  author  of 
valuable  literary  and  biographical  studies,  essays,  and  sketches.  .  42        280 

Speke,  John  Hanning  (1827-64),  an  English  explorer,  discoverer  with 
Burton  of  the  great  lakes  of  Central  Africa,  first  explorer  of 
the  origin  of  the  Nile  from  those  lakes,  and  author  of  reports 
of  exploration  of  great  interest  and  value 43        501 

Collins,  Mortimer  (1827-76),  an  English  poet  and  novelist  of  true  in- 
spiration and  wide  popularity 42        115 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  clxi 

Wood,  John  George  (1827-89),  an  English  writer  on  natural  history, 
author  of  a  series  of  interesting  and  valuable  natural  history- 
works  43        583 

Grant,  James  A.  (1827-92),  an  English  military  officer  and  explorer, 

author  of  works  of  exploration  and  discovery  in  Africa 42        229 

Boldrewood,  Rolf  (1827-),  Australian  founder  and  author 42         66 

Mivart,  St.  George  (1827-),  an  English  naturalist  of  distinction;  uni- 
versity professor  in  London  and  at  Louvain,  Belgium;  author 
of  important  studies  in  natural  history  and  biology ;  and  notable 
as  an  evolutionist  who  denies  that  evolution  can  explain  the 
human   mind 43        385 

Rossetti,  Dante  Gabriel  (1828-82),  one  of  the  half  dozen  greatest  poets 
of  the  century ;  supremely  original  and  impressive  in  both 
painting  and  poetry;  author  of  < Dante  and  his  Circle,^  a  rich 
volume  of  translations  from  early  Italian  poets ;  and  with  Morris 
and  Swinburne  a  leader  in  Pre-Raphaelitism.  The  very  inter- 
esting story  of  the  Library,  by  W.  M.  Payne,  is  followed  by 
nineteen  pages  of  poems  and  sonnets 31    12411-34 

AUingham,  William  (1828-89},  an  Irish  poet,  essayist,  and  magazine 

editor i     428-38 

Oliphant,  Mrs.  Margaret  (1828-97),  author  of  some  seventy  romances, 
of  historical  and  critical  essays,  of  several  large  biographies 
and  a  number  of  short  lives,  and  of  volumes  of  literary  and 
other  history;  one  of  the  most  interesting  writers  of  the  cen- 
tury, rich  in  beneficent  influence,  and  notable  for  strong  reten- 
tion of  religious  faith.  The  Library  has  a  rich  story  by  Harriet 
Preston,  and  twenty-one  pages  of  examples 27   10819-44 

Edwards,  Henry  Sutherland  (1828-),  an  English  descriptive  writer; 
author  of  travels  in  Russia,  Turkey,  and  Central  Europe,  and 
of  biographies,  essays,  and  novels 42        164 

Meredith,  George  (182S-),  a  foremost  novelist  of  the  century;  singfular 
and  striking  in  fiction  as  Robert  Browning  was  in  poetry;  au- 
thor of  stories  not  for  story  interest,  but  as  a  study  of  men  and 
women  and  of  ideas.  The  Library  has  twenty  pages  of  ex- 
amples   25  9915-40 

Gardiner,  Samuel  R.  (1829-),  an  eminent  English  historian;  univer- 
sity professor  in  London;  author  of  extended  works  in  English 
history  of  the  highest  importance,  and  of  valuable  lesser  books ,  4  2        208 

Duff,  Mountstuart  E.  G.  (1829-),  an  English  statesman  of  experience 

in  India,  notable  for  political  studies  and   speeches 42        154 

Brabourne,  Lord  (1829-93),  an  author  of  stories  for  children 42         71 

Gilbert,  John  Thomas  (1829-),  an  Irish  historical  writer,  editor  of 
works  embodied  in  the  <  Historic  Literature  of  Ireland,>  and 
author  of  important  Irish  and  Celtic  studies 42        216 

Kingsley,  Henry  (1830-76),  an  English  novelist;  author  of  a  long  list 
of  popular  works  in  which  the  humorous  strain  contrasts  for- 
cibly with  the  intense  ethical  earnestness  of  the  works  of  his 

brother,  Charles  Kingsley 43       305 

II 


Clxii  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Rossetti,  Christina  Georgina  (1830-94),  the  preeminent  English  poet 
of  mysticism,  spiritual  vision,  and  religious  aspiration;  re- 
markable  not  less  for  purely  artistic   finish 31   12397-410 

Ingelow,  Jean  (1830-97),  a  poet  of  homely  life,  intensely  sympa- 
thetic, and    very  popular 20  7968-81 

McCarthy,  Justin  (1830-),  an  Irish  parliamentary  leader,  author  of 
a  most  interesting  story  of  England  under  Queen  Victoria, 
and   writer  of  a  large   number  of  excellent  novels 24  9440-54 

Markham,  Clements  Robert  (1830-),  an  English  traveler,  geographer, 
and  historian;  author  of  important  travels  in  India,  Abyssinia, 
and  Peru  .    43        368 

GUnther,  Albert  Charles  (1830-),  an  English-German  ichthyologist,  au- 
thor of  valuable  contributions  to  natural   history 42        240 

Calverley,   Charles   Stuart    (1831-84),  an  extraordinarily  clever  artist 

in  light  verse,   parodies,   and  translations  from  the  Greek 7  3107-16 

Lytton,  Earl  of  («Owen  Meredith »)  (1831-91),  author  of  <Lucile,> 
a  clever  verse  story,  and  <  The  Wanderer,  >  a  volume  of  lyrics 
marked  by  grace,  music,,  and  sentiment 2  3  9348-56 

Edwards,    Amelia    Blandford   (1831-92),    an   English    writer   of   good 

novels,  and  author  of  extremely  interesting  works  on  Egypt... 4 2        163 

Goschen,  George  J.  (1831-),  an  English  statesman  of  distinction; 
Liberal-Unionist  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  under  Lord 
Salisbury ,  author  of  speeches,  addresses,  and  books  on  import- 
ant political  and  economical  questions 42        226 

Casgrain,  Abbe  Henry  Raymond  (1831-),  a  Canadian  ecclesiastic  and 
professor,  author  of  important  historical  works  relating  to 
Canada 42         97 

Farrar,  Frederick  William  (1831-),  an  English  preacher  of  distinction, 

author  of  religious  and  historical  works  of  wide  popularity.  . .  14  5627-40 

Harrison,  Frederic  (1831-),  a  brilliant  literary  critic  and  essayist, 
author  of  historical  works,  and  the  recognized  English  represen- 
tative of  Comtism 17  6975-84 

*  Carroll,  Lewis  >^  (1833-98),  Rev.  Charles  L.  Dodgson;  author  of 
< Alice  in  Wonderland,'  and  other  books  of  thoroughly  and 
vigorously  witty  nonsense-writing 8  3307-20 

Arnold,  Edwin  (1832-),  editor  of  the  London  Daily  Telegraph;  au- 
thor of  <The  Light  of  Asia,'  and  other  works  in  verse  reflecting 
Oriental  song  and  story.  The  Library  has  a  large  variety  of 
choice  examples 2    819-43 

Stephen,  Leslie  (1832-),  a  distinguished  English  critic  and  literary 
historian,  of  prominence  as  a  literary  and  biographical  editor, 
and  author  of  essays  and  historical  biographies  of  great  im- 
portance for  the  history  of  English  culture 43        505 

Tylor,  Edward  Burnett  (1832-),  an  English  writer  on  the  history  of 
primitive  culture,  author  of  works  of  the  first  importance  for 
the  study  of  early  human  development 43        535 

Brooke,  Stopford  A.  (1832-),  scholarly  writer  on  English  literature ..  4  2         76 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  clxiii 

Dicey,  Edward  (1832-),  a  journalist  of  distinction,  author  of  valuable 

books  of  travel  and  political  observation 42        143 

Gordon,  Adam  Lindsey  (1833-70),  an  English- Australian  poet,  an  Ox- 
ford man,  and  popular  writer  of  bush  ballads  and  lyrics  of  the 
antipodes 42        225 

Fawcett,  Henry  (1833-84),  an  English  publicist  and  statesman  of  dis- 
tinction, author  of  valuable  economic  and  social  studies 42        181 

Dixon,  Richard  Watson  (1833-),  an  English  poet  and  historian,  au- 
thor of  an  important  < History  of  the  Church  of  England* 42        146 

Farjeon,  Benjamin  L.  (1833-),  an  English  journalist  in  Australia,  and 
later  a  novelist  in  London;  author  of  a  long  series  of  success- 
ful stories 42        180 

Wolseley,  Sir  Garnet  Joseph  (1833-),  an  eminent  English  general; 
author  of  technical  military  works,  of  a  narrative  of  the  War 
with  China,  and  of  novels 43        582 

Arnold,  Arthur  (1833-),  English  traveler,  journalist,  and  publicist.  .  .  .42         25 

Edgar,  John  George  (1834-64),  English  editor  of  Every  Boy's  Maga- 
zine, and  author  of  biographies  and  histories  mainly  for  the 
young 42       163 

Hamerton,  Philip  Gilbert  (1834-94),  a  trained  and  learned  artist; 
the  founder,  and  for  twenty-five  years  editor,  of  the  Portfolio; 
a  most  successful  literary  exponent  of  art  to  the  public,  and  in 
other  literary  work  a  most  interesting  and  instructive  essay- 
ist   17  6875-90 

Seeley,  Sir  John  Robert  (1834-95),  an  English  historical  scholar;  uni- 
versity professor  at  Cambridge;  author  of  historical  works  of 
g^eat  importance,  and  of  <Ecce  Homo*  and  other  religious 
studies 43        488 

Du  Maurier,  George  (1834-96),  a  London  comic  journalist,  chief  con- 
tributor of  society  sketches  to  Punch  1864-96,  and  the  author 
of  <  Trilby  * 12  5041-63 

Shorthouse,  John  Henry  (1834-),  a  novelist  of  passionate  mysticism, 

of  lofty  idealism,  marked  by  an  exquisite  style 34  13363-84 

Morris,  William  (1834-96),  a  poet  of  distinction  with  Rossetti  and 
Swinburne,  notable  for  stories  told  in  verse,  for  a  series  of  ro- 
mances in  prose  and  verse  in  the  last  seven  years  of  his  life, 
and  for  superlatively  good  translations  of  Icelandic  sagas,  of 
< Beowulf,*  of  the  ^neid,  and  of  the  Odyssey.  The  Library 
has  an  admirable  story  of  the  poet  by  W.  Morton  Payne,  with 
eighteen  pages  of  examples 26   10337-59 

Baring-Gould,  Sabine  (1834-),  an  English  clergyman;  author  of 
a  large  number  of  very  readable  books,  including  more  than 
thirty  novels  and  tales 4  1529-42 

Lubbock,  Sir  John  (1834-),  an  eminent  scholar  in  science;  author  of 
researches  of  interest,  and  of  books  for  general  readers  in  sci- 
ence   23  9279-84 

Hare,  Augustus  J.  C.   (1834-),  English  descriptive  writer;  author  of 

observations  in  notable  places  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  France 42       248 


Clxiv  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Hazlitt,  W.  C.  (1834-),  an  English  author  or  editor  of  a  large  number 

of  works  of  special  literary  interest 42       255 

Maudsley,  Henry  (1835-),  an  English  physician,  university  professor 
in  London,  editor  of  a  Journal  of  Mental  Science,  and  author 
of  important  studies  in  mental  pathology  43       374 

Skeat,  Walter  William  (183  5-),  a  distinguished  English  Anglo-Saxon 
scholar,  philologist,  and  lexicographer;  university  professor  at 
Cambridge;  editor  of  works  of  extreme  importance  for  the  his- 
tory of  early  English  literature 43       495 

Garnett,  Richard  (1835-),  an  English  librarian,  editor,  and  poet; 
author  of  biographies,  studies,  and  poems;  and  editor  of  the 
works  of  various  English  authors 42       209 

Holland,  Thomas  Erskine  (1835-),  an  English  jurist,  university  pro- 
fessor at  Oxford  of  international  law,  author  of  a  monumental 
work  on  <  The  Elements  of  Jurisprudence  > 42        270 

Grant,  George  Monroe  (1835-),  a  Canadian  educator,  periodical  writer, 

and  author  of  valuable  Canadian  studies 42        229 

Austin,   Alfred   (1835-),    an    English  poet,  critic,   and  journalist;  poet 

laureate  since  1 896 42         30 

Mulhall,  Michael  G.  (1836-),  an  Irish  journalist  of  Buenos  Ayres, 
South  America,  from  1861 ;  author  of  works  of  great  value  on 
the  statistics  of  the  world,  and  of  a  <  Handbook  of  the  River 
Plata  > 43       394 

Wright,  William  Aldis  (1836-),  an  eminent  English  scholar  and 
Shakespeare  editor;  author  of  a  large  number  of  important 
contributions  to  historical  and  literary  study ;  and  co-editor,  with 
W.  Clark,  of  the  very  valuable  *  Cambridge  Shakespeare* 43        586 

Lockyer,  Joseph  Norman  (1836-),  an  English  science  editor,  physi- 
cist, and  writer  on  astronomy;  author  of  valuable  studies  of 
astronomy  in  Egypt,  of  the  use  of  the  Spectroscope,  and  of 
Solar  Physics 43       347 

Gould,  Robert  Freeke  (1836-),  an  eminent  English  Freemason; 
author  of  an  important  <  History  of  Freemasonry, >  and  of  other 
works  of  specially  Masonic  interest 42        228 

Gilbert,  Wm.  S.  (1836-),  author  of  <The  Bab  Ballads,*  and  of 
librettos  of  <Pinafore,>  <The  Mikado,  >  and  other  comic  operas. 
The  Library  gives  thirteen  pages  of  capital  ballads  as  ex- 
amples   16  6333-46 

Green,  Thomas  Hill  (1836-82),  an  Oxford  thinker  of  very  great  ability, 
turned  from  service  in  the  church  by  extreme  liberalism,  and 
notable  for  his  brilliant  instruction  in  moral  philosophy 17  6683-90 

Green,  John  Richard  (1837-83),  author  of  <A  Short  History  of  the 
English  People, >  and  of  other  studies  in  English  history  —  the 
most  readable  works  on  the  subject.  The  Library  has  eighteen 
pages  of  examples 17  6663-82 

Swinburne,  Algernon  Charles  (1837-),  the  survivor  in  1898  of  the 
six  greatest  Victorian  poets ;  a  dramatist  far  superior  to  the  best 
of  his  fellows;  not  second  to  any  of  them  in  lyrics  and  songs; 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  clxv 

in  a  group  of  special  songs  the  supreme  English  poet  of 
childhood;  and  author  in  prose  of  a  body  of  literary  criticisms 
of  the  highest  value.  Mr.  Payne's  finely  appreciative  story  in 
the  Library  is  followed  by  thirty-five  pages  of  examples.  ..36   14289-328 

Braddon,  Mary  Elizabeth  (1837-),  the  author  of  <  Lady  Audley's 
Secret,*  < Aurora  Floyd,*  and  of  some  sixty  other  novels,  of 
which  her  <  Mohawks,*  a  semi-historical  melodrama,  is  perhaps 
the  best 5  2279-98 

Burnand,    Francis    Cowley    (1837-),    English    humorist,    since     1880 

editor  of  Punch 42         84 

Murray,  James  A.  H.  (1837-),  a  British  lexicographer;  author  of 
various  philological  studies;  and  notable  since  1888  as  the  chief 
editor  of  <  A  New  English  Dictionary,*  designed  «not  to  dictate 
to  usage,  but  to  record  usage  ** 43       398 

Giffen,  Sir  Robert  (1837-),  ^^  eminent  English  economic  and  finan- 
cial writer  and  editor;  founder  of  the  Statist;  and  author  of  re- 
ports, essays,  and  papers  which  have  given  him  a  high  rank  .  .42       216 

Trevelyan,  Sir  George  O.  (1838-),  an  English  junior  statesman  and 
historical  writer ;  author  of  <  Lives  *  of  Macaulay,  and  of  Charles 
James  Fox 43        532 

Sidgwick,  Henry  (1838-),  an  English  philosophical  and  economic 
writer;  university  professor  at  Cambridge;  author  of  valuable 
ethical,  economic,  and  political  studies 43       494 

Douglas,  Robert  K.  (1838-),  an  English  educator,  librarian,  and  pro- 
fessor; author  of  valuable  contributions  to  our  knowledge  of 
Chinese  literature 42        1 50 

Forbes,  Archibald  (1838-),  a  British  journalist  and  war  correspond- 
ent, author  of  volumes  of  travel  and  observation  of  special  in- 
terest for  the  history  of  the  time    42        194 

Besant,  Walter  (1838-),  author  with  James  Rice  of  a  brilliant  series 
of  novels  in  1871-82,  and  from  the  last  date  a  prolific  independ- 
ent author  of  fascinating  stories  and  tales 4  1837-51 

Bryce,  James  (1838-),  an  original  and  accurate  historical  scholar; 
author  of  <The  Holy  Roman  Empire,*  and  of  <The  American 
Commonwealth  * 6  2643-60 

Lecky,  Wm.  E.  H,  (1838-),  author  of  a  <  History  of  the  Rise  and 
Influence  of  the  Spirit  of  Rationalism  in  Europe,*  a  <  History  of 
European  Morals  from  Augustus  to  Charlemagne,*  and  of  the 
< History  of  England  in  the  Eighteenth  Century*  —  works  not 
second  to  any,  in  the  field  of  history,  which  the  century  has  pro- 
duced   22  8929-51 

Morley,  John  (1838-),  editor  of  the  Fortnightly  Review,  1867-82;  mem- 
ber of  Parliament  from  1883 ;  and  author  of  biographies,  essays, 
and  criticisms  of  high  value 26  10323-36 

Ritchie,  Anne  Thackeray  (1838-),  author  of  very  choice  novels,  of 
richly  interesting  reminiscences,  and  of  short  stories,  sketches, 
and  a  biography  of  Madame  de  Sevigne 31  12273-94 


Clxvi  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

Mahaffy,  John  P.  (1839-),  ^  conspicuous  Greek  scholar  and  historian, 
who  has  taken  special  interest  in  the  social  side  of  Greek  life 
and  the  later  stages  of  Greek  history 24  9569-79 

Pater,  Walter  (1839-94),  a  critic  of  art  and  of  literature,  in  whom  a 
Greek  spirit  and  an  English  imagination  united  to  make  a 
writer  of  singular  charm  and  power 28   11157-78 

Palmer,  Edward  Henry  (1840-82),  an  English  Orientalist  of  distinction; 
author  of  Arabic  and  Persian  grammars,  and  of  translations, 
including  an  English  version  of  the  Koran  of  Mohammed 43       415 

Symonds,  John  Addington  (1840-93),  one  of  the  ablest  critics  and 
essayists ;  most  thorough  scholar,  in  the  story  of  culture,  ancient 
or  modern;  and  interesting  historian  of  intellectual  develop- 
ments, to  whom  the  student  can  turn 36   14337-68 

Ball,  Sir  Robert  S.  (1840-),  eminent  British  author  of  scientific  works 

and  popular  books  on  astronomy 42         39 

Broughton,  Rhoda  (1840-),  a  popular  English  novelist 42         77 

Hunter,  Sir  W.  W.  (1840-),  an  eminent  English  scholar  in  the  history 
and  condition  of  India ;  author  of  works,  both  larger  and  smaller, 
embodying  the  most  extensive  and  accurate  knowledge  of  the 
Indian  people,  and  of  English  rule  in  India 42        279 

Dobson,  Austin  (1840-),  author  of  exceptionally  perfect  light  verse,  of 
valuable  literary  biographies  and  introductions,  and  of  essays 
and  studies  of  fascinating  interest 12  4741-56 

Rhys,  John  (1840-)  a  Welsh  philologist,  professor  of  Celtic  in  Oxford 
since  1877,  and  author  of  studies  in  Welsh  literature  and  tradi- 
tion     43         456 

Hardy,  Thomas  (1840-),  an  author  of  a  long  series  of  novels  character- 
ized by  intense  realism  of  life,  of  rural  life  especially,  and  of 
nature.     The  Library  has  twenty-two  pages  of  examples 17  6933-60 

Ouida  (Louise  de  la  Ram6e)  (1840-),  a  prolific  writer  of  popular 
novels,  marked  by  poetic  feeling,  literary  art,  tender  romance, 
and  intense  distaste  for  rank  which  is  not  genuine.  The  Li- 
brary has  an  excellent  story,  and  twenty-seven  pages  of  ex- 
amples ....    .27   10885-914 

Ewing,  Juliana  Horatia  (1841-85),  an  extremely  popular  English  au- 
thor of  stories  for  children 42        176 

Buchanan,    Robert    Williams    (1841-),    Engli-sh    poet,    novelist,    and 

critic 42         80 

Black,  William  (1841-),  an  eminently  popular  novelist,  notable  espe- 
cially for  the  use  which  he  makes  of  Highland  Scotch  scenery 
and  character.  The  Library  has  twenty-four  pages  of  ex- 
amples   5   1983-2010 

Burnaby,  Frederick  Gustavus  (1842-85),  a  notable    English  military 

author  of  travels 42         83 

Payne,  John  (1842-),  an  English  poet  and  profound  Oriental  scholar; 
author  of  poems,  studies,  and  translations  which  have  given 
him  great  distinction 43       420 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  clxvii 

Reid,  Thomas  Wemyss  (1842-),  an  English  journalist,  reviewer,  and 
essayist;  author  of  sketches,  biographies,  and  studies  of  excep- 
tional importance 43       454 

Doudney,  Sarah  (1842-),  a  prolific  and  very  popular  English  writer  of 

fiction,  chiefly  stories  for  girls 42        150 

Hyndman,  Henry  Mayers  (1842-),  an  English  journalist  and  socialistic 
leader;  author  of  expositions  of  socialism,  and  of  important 
studies  of  the  times 42       28 1 

Dilke,  Sir  Charles  W.  (1843-),  eminent  English  statesman  and  political 

writer,  author  of  important  historical  and  economic  studies.    ,42        145 

Davids,  T.  W.  Rhys  (1843-),  English  scholar,  university  professor,  and 

publicist;  author  of  most  important  works  on  Buddhism 42        133 

Heath,  Francis  George  (1843-),  an  English  botanist,' author  of  works 

on  agricultural  subjects 42       256 

Dowden,  Edward  (1843-),  a  professor  of  English  literature  at  the 
University  of  Dublin;  author  of  essays  and  criticisms,  and  of 
works  most  helpful  in  aid  of  the  study  of  Shakespeare 12  4806-14 

Myers,  Frederic  W.  H.  (1843-),  a  literary  critic  and  essayist  of  most 
original  and  suggestive  character,  at  once  a  man  of  faith  and 
a  master  of  the  new  spirit,  a  sincere  idealist  yet  strongly  hope- 
ful of  science. 26  10511-21 

Lang,  Andrew  (1844-),  a  Scotch  author  in  London  of  light  verse, 
of  wholesome  and  enjoyable  fiction,  of  translations  of  fairy 
tales  and  of  Greek  poets,  and  of  most  entertaining  miscellane- 
ous papers .22  8880-90 

Russell,  William  Clark  (1844-),  a  writer  of  novels  of  sea -life,  not- 
able for  splendid  word-painting,  and  the  chief  story-teller  in 
this  line   32   12563-82 

Fyffe,  Charles  Alan  (1845-92),  a  notable  English  newspaper  corre- 
spondent; author  of  valuable  historical  works,  including  an  im- 
portant history  of  Europe  from  1792  to  1878 42        206 

Colvin,  Sidney  (1S45-),  an  English  critic,  professor  of  fine  arts,  and 

author  of  writings  on  artists  and  poets 42        116 

Lucy,  Henry  W.  (1845-),  an  English  journalist  of  distinction ;  author 
of  books  based  on  his  observation  and  reports  of  the  doings  of 
Parliament,  and  of  other  studies  of  the  time's 43       352 

Driver,  Samuel  Rolles  (1846-),  English  educator,  eminent  Hebraist, 
university  professor  at  Oxford,  and  author  of  biblical  works 
of   great  importance 42        152 

Sayce,  Archibald  Henry  (1846-),  an  eminent  English  Orientalist  and 
philologist;  author  of  a  large  number  of  works  dealing  with  the 
literature,  religion,  languages,  and  life  of  the  Babylonians,  As- 
syrians, Hebrews,  and  other  natives  of  the  great  region  extend- 
♦  ing  east  from  the  Mediterranean  to  Persia 43       481 

Zimmern,  Helen  (1846-),  a  German-English  author  of  stories,  essays, 

and  biographies  of  Lessing  and  Schopenhauer 43       597 

Blind,  Mathilde  (1847-96),  author  of  biographies  of  George  Eliot  and 
Madame   Roland,  of   <  Tarantella  >  and  other  novels,    of  essays 


Clxviii  ENGLISH    LITERATURE 

and   reviews,  and  of  several  volumes  of  verse,  of  which  one  is 

a  poetical  treatment  of  the  idea  of  Evolution 5  2075-88 

Baden-Powell,  Sir  George  S.  (1847-),  English  publicist  and  political 

writer,  author  of  works  on  Australia  and  India 42  35 

Lankester,  Edwin  Ray  (1847-),  ^^  eminent  English  scientist,  uni- 
versity professor  at  Oxford,  among  the  first  of  living  author- 
ities in  biology  and  physiology,  and  author  of  a  large  number 
of  contributions  to  recent  science 43       326 

Norris,  William  Edward  (1847-),  a  writer  since  1877  of  novels  marked 
by  healthy  good-humor,  unaffected  sentiment,  and  a  pure,  re- 
fined, scholarly  style,  in  the  manner  of  Thackeray 27   10685-706 

Jefferies,  Richard  (1848-87),  a  prose-poet;  a  remarkable  master  of  the 
study  and  praise  or  nature,  of  birds,  flowers  and  trees;  author 
of  essays  and  of  stories  and  sketches 20  8215-28 

Allen,  Grant  ( 1 848-),  author  of  novels  and  popular  essays,  and  of  a 

minor  <  Life  of  Charles  Darwin  > i  399-408 

Balfour,  Arthur  James  (1848-),  a  conspicuous  junior  statesman  under 
his  uncle.  Lord  Salisbury;  author  of  books  of  importance  in 
the  literature  of  new  inquiry  in  philosophy  and  religion 3    1287-304 

Heaton,  John  Henniker  (1848-),  an  English  journalist  and  publicist, 

author  of  important  Australian  studies 42        256 

Gosse,  Edmund  (1849-),  a  writer  of  elegant  verse ;  an  essayist  of  com- 
prehensive culture,  picturesque  style,  and  catholic  sympathy; 
and  author  of  a  series  of  literary  histories 16   6565-70 

Henley,  W.  E.  (1849-),  an  author  of  a  few  small  volumes  of  poetry 
and  essays,  representative  of  a  wide  range  of  study  and 
thought,  and  marked  by  striking  originality,  finish,  and  musical 
quality 18  7236-40 

Mallock,  William  H.  (1849-),  author  of  two  volumes  of  poems,  of  a 
translation  of  Lucretius,  of  volumes  of  essays  on  social  topics, 
of  novels  marked  by  sentimentalism,  character  sketches,  and 
epigram,  and  of  works  of  satirical  criticism  of  life,  culture, 
faith,  and  philosophy 24  9623-44 

Stevenson,  Robert  Louis  (1850-94),  one  of  the  most  strikingly  orig- 
inal and  interesting  novelists  of  the  century,  and  author  of 
poems,  of  essays,  and  of  stories  of  travel,  marked  by  rare  liter- 
ary quality.  The  library  has  forty-two  pages  of  examples, 
poetry  and  prose,  with  a  finely  appreciative  story  by  Robert 
Bridges 35   13927-76 

Birrell,  Augustine  (1850-),  author  of  <  Obiter  Dicta  >  and  other  vol- 
umes of  most  readable  and  interesting  essays  and  lectures.  The 
Library  gives  twenty-eight  pages  of  examples.    4   1898-928 

Watson,  John  (1850-),  the  « Ian  Maclaren»  of  <The  Bonnie  Brier 
Bush>  and  other  volumes  of  rare  story,  and  of  religious  teach- 
ing very  broadly  liberal 38  15692-704 

Drummond,  Henry  (1851-97),  author  of  < Tropical  Africa,*  and  of 
essays  and  lectures  on  scientific,  sociological,  and  religious  sub- 
jects   12  4897-912 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE  clxix 

Ward,  Mrs.  Humphry  {1851-),  a  niece  of  Matthew  Arnold;  a  highly 
gifted  and  accomplished  woman;  author  of  novels  representing 
religious,  social,  economic,  or  political  interests,  and  especially 
notable  for  the  place  given  to  women  in  modern  life 38  15641-64 

Adams,  W.  D.  (1851-),  an  English  journalist  and  critic,  author  of  works 

on  English  literature 42  5 

Reeves,  Helen  B.  (1852-),  an  English  novelist,  author  of  a  long  series 

of  extremely  popular  stories  treating  of  English  domestic  life.  .43       453 

Petrie,  W.  M.  Flinders  (1853-),  a  celebrated  English  Egyptologist, 
author  of  numerous  researches  and  reports  of  discoveries  from 
the  monuments 43       426 

Caine,    Thomas    Henry    Hall    (1853-),    author   since    1885    of   several 

markedly  powerful  and  successful  novels 7  3067-70 

Lane-Poole,  Stanley  (1854-),  ^^  English  historical  and  archaeological 
writer  of  great  learning  in  mediaeval  and  ancient  history; 
author  of  works  on  Arabia,  Egypt,  and  Moorish  Spain 43       325 

Watson,  William  (1856-),  a  new  English  poet  of  commanding  intel- 
lectual power,  intense  and  strenuous  ethical  passion,  and  the 
finest  sense  of  beauty  and  art;  a  singer  of  national  distinction 
and  world-wide  fame 38   15705-16 

Robinson,  Agnes  Mary  Frances  (1857-),  ^^  author  of  genuine  and 
beautiful  poetry  of  culture,  of  biographies,  essays,  and  a  novel, 
and,  as  Mrs.  James  Darmesteter,  of  several  works  in  French. 31   12315-19 

Doyle,  A.  Conan  (1859-),  ^^  author  of  historical  romances,  and  of 
detective  stories  of  extraordinary  excellence  and  great  popu- 
larity.    The  Library  has  twenty -three  pages  of  examples  .  ..12     481 5.-39 

Woods,  Margaret  L.  (1859-),  a  daughter  of  Dean  Bradley  of  West- 
minister Abbey,  and  wife  of  the  president  of  Trinity  College, 
Oxford ;  author  of  novels  marked  by  intense  realism  and  high 
imaginative  power 39   161 53-64 

Barrie,  James  Matthew  (i860-),  author  of  <A  Window  in  Thrums > 
and  other  novels  of  most  admirable  quality  and  power,  as 
stories  and  as  studies  of  Scotch  life  and  character.  The  Li- 
brary has  thirty-three  pages  of  examples 4  1571-606 

Roberts,  Charles  G.  D.  (i860-),  a  British  Canadian  author  of  poems 
of  fine  quality  and  rare  charm,  of  short  stories  unique  in  ex- 
cellence, and  of  an  Accadian  historical  romance  of  rare  realistic 
interest 31   12295-304 

Parker,  Gilbert  (1861-),  an  author  of  novels  of  modern  Canadian  life 
executed  after  an  ideal  of  beautiful  and  vigorous  romance,  such 
as  the  greatest  novelists  have  followed.  The  Library  has  a 
full  story,  and  twenty-three  pages  of  examples 28   1 1047-72 

Lampman,  Archibald  (1861-),  a  Canadian  poet,  contributor  of  verse 
to  literary  papers  and  magazines,  and  author  of  collections  and 
poems  which  rank  him  among  the  strongest  of  American  singers.  43        323 

Quiller-Couch,  A.  T,  (1863-),  a  journalist,  essayist,  and  novelist, 
affiliating  in  his  novels  and  short  tales  with  Barrie  and  Steven- 
son, and  notable  for  depicting  Cornish  scenes  and  life 30   11947-60 


clxx  SCOTCH    LITERATURE 

Schreiner,  Olive  (1863-),  author  of  a  boldly  original  and  immensely 
successful  novel  of  South  African  life,  and  of  other  very  re- 
markable books  of  South  African  interest 33   12957-73 

Kipling,  Rudyard  (1865-)  a  story-teller  and  poet  of  splendid  origin- 
ality, force,  and  literary  power.  The  Library  has  a  full  story 
of  his  genius  and  work,  and  twenty-seven  pages  of  examples. 2 2  8633-64 

Le  Gallienne,  Richard  (1866-),  a  London  journalist,  poet,  and  essayist 

of  repute 22  8957-62 

Shorter,  Clement  King,  an  English  journalist  of  distinction,  author 
of  works  of  importance  for  the  history  of  literature  under  Vic- 
toria   43       494 

Arnold,  Edwin  L..  an  English  novelist  and  writer  of  travels,  son  of 

Sir  Edwin  Arnold 42         26 


CHRONOLOGICAL  CONSPECTUS 

Scotch  Literature  departs  in  part  only  from  English;  and 
to  some  extent  its  representatives  fall  inevitably  into  the  English 
list,  and  must  be  looked  for  there.  Of  other  names,  given  below, 
some  largely  represent  both  English  and  Scotch  letters. 

Barbour,  John  (1316-95),  one  of  the  most  ancient  poets  of  Scotland, 

author  of  the  great  epic  < Telling  the  Story  of  Robert  Bruce >.  .42         42 

Douglas,  Gavin  (1474-1522),  a  Scotch  poet,  translator  of  Virgil's 
^neid,  and  a  great  figure  among  the  ancient  bards  of  Scot- 
land      42        1 50 

Wedderburn,  James  (1500-64),  a  Scotch  psalmodist;  author,  with  his 
brother  Robert,  of  the  principal  psalm-book  used  in  Scotland ; 
and  the  reputed  author  of  « the  only  classic  work  in  old  Scottish 
prose  » 43        566 

Knox,  John  (1505-72),  the  great  Scotch  reformer,  author  of  an 
extreme  rigid  type  of  doctrine  and  piety,  and  one  of  the  power- 
ful men  and  preachers  of  the  Reformation  age 43       310 

Hutcheson,  Francis  (1694-1746),  a  Scotch  educator  and  philosopher, 
university  professor  in  Glasgow,  author  of  works  which  con- 
stitute him  one  of  the  founders  of  modern  philosophy  in  Scot- 
land   42        280 

Reid,  Thomas  (1710-96),  a  Scotch  author  of  intellectual  and  moral 
philosophy,  university  professor  at  Glasgow,  and  author  of  sev- 
eral works  of  striking  interest  and  importance  from  the  point 
of  view  of  «  common  sense  >> 43       454 

Monboddo,  James  Burnet,  Lord  (1714-99),  a  distinguished  Scotch 
judge,  and  writer  on  language  and  metaphysics ;  author  of  works 
upholding  the  theory  that  the  human  race  was  developed  from 
the  higher  apes 43        387 

Blair,  Hugh  (17 18-1800),  a  Scotch  educational  writer  and  preacher  .  .  .42         62 


SCOTCH    LITERATURE  clxxi 

Home,  John  (1722-1808),  a  Scotch  dramatist  who  met  with  great  suc- 
cess in  London,  and  wrote  a  <  History  of  the  Rebellion  in 
Scotland  in  1755-56  > 42        271 

Dalrymple,  Sir  David  (1726-92),  a  Scotch  jurist  of  distinction,  author  of 

<  Annals  of  Scotland  to  the  Accession  of  the  House  of  Stewart  >.  .42        130 

Chalmers,  George  (1742-1S25),  a  Scottish-American,  in  Baltimore  from 

1763,  author  of  writings  opposing  the  American  Revolution.  .  .  .42        loi 

Barnard,  Lady  Ann  (1750-1825),  Scotch  author  of  <Auld  Robin  Gray,> 

and  other  poems 42         43 

Stewart,  Dugald  (1753-1828),  a  distinguished  Scotch  philosophical 
writer,  author  of  works  of  importance  in  the  development  of 
English  philosophy  after  Berkeley  and  Hume 43        507 

Mackintosh,  Sir  James  (1765-1832),  a  famous  Scottish  philosopher, 
lawyer,  and  public  official ;  author  of  historical,  biographical,  and 
philosophical  studies  of  great  weight  and  interest 43       360 

Balfour,  Alexander  (1767-1829),  a  Scotch  poet  and  novelist 42  38 

Park,   Mungo   (1771-1806),  a  celebrated  Scottish  traveler,  explorer  in 

Africa,  and  author  of  < Travels  in  the  Interior  of  Africa^ 43        416 

Jeffrey,  Francis  (1773-1850),  a  famous  Scottish  reviewer,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Edinburgh  Review,  and  author  of  a  large  body 
of  critical  studies 42        289 

Boswell,  Sir  Alexander  (i 775-1822),  a  popular  Scottish  poet  and  an- 
tiquary       42  68 

Murray,  Hugh  (1779-1846),  a  Scottish  magazine  editor;  author  of  his- 
tories of  discovery  and  travel  in  Africa,  Asia,  and  North  Amer- 
ica, and  of  a  body  of  geographical  works  of  great  importance  ..43        398 

Chalmers,  Thomas  (1780-1847),  Scotch  pulpit  orator  and  social  re- 
former, author  of  important  works   42        loi 

Somerville,  Mary  (1780-1872),  a  Scottish  scientist  of  very  great  dis- 
tinction in  mathematical  and  astronomical  science,  and  in 
physics 43       499 

Cunningham,  Allan  (i  784-1 842),  a  Scottish  poet,  author  of  a  <  Critical 
,  History  of  the  Literature  of  the  Last  Fifty  Years,>  which  drew 

praise  from  Sir  Walter  Scott 42        126 

Wilson,  John  (1785-1854),  a  celebrated  Scotch  reviewer,  editor,  and 
essayist,  university  professor  at  Edinburgh,  for  many  years  head 
of  Blackwood's  Magazine,  and  author  of  works  of  notable  liter- 
ary interest 43        578 

Combe,   George   (1788- 18 58),  a  noted   Scotch   author  of  phrenological 

writings,  and  of  a  volume  of  American  travels 42        116 

McCulloch,  John  Ramsay  (i  789-1 864),  a  famous  Scottish  statistician 
and  political  economist,  professor  of  political  economy  at  Uni- 
versity College,  London ;  a  journalist  and  reviewer  of  distinc- 
tion ;  author  of  <  Principles  of  Political  Economy  >  and  <  Dictionary 
of  Commerce  > ;  editor  of  the  writings  of  Adam  Smith  and  Ri- 
cardo,  and  author  of  a  life  of  the  former 43        358 

Alison,  Sir  A.  (i792-i867),  a  Scottish  historian,  author  of  <  History  of 

Europe'  from  1789  to  1815 42  14 


Clxxii  SCOTCH  LITERATURE 

Murchison,  Sir  Roderick  (i 792-1 871),  an  eminent  Scottish  geologist, 
at  the  head  of  geological  science  in  his  day  in  London,  and  au- 
thor of  writings  of  great  value 43       397 

Chambers,  Robert  (1802-71),  an  eminent  Scotch  publisher;  with  his 
brother  William  originator  of  <  Chambers's  Encyclopaedia  > ;  and 
author  of  <  Vestiges  of  Creation  > 42        loi 

Aird,  Thomas  (1802-76),  a  Scottish  essayist  and  poet,  notable  for  delin- 
eation of  Scottish  character 42  8 

Ballantine,  James  (1808-77),  a  Scotch  artist  and  poet 42         39 

Fergusson,  James  (1808-86),  a  celebrated  Scotch  writer  on  architec- 
ture; author  of  travels,  of  art  studies,  and  of  a  monumental 
<  History  of  Architecture  in  All  Countries  > 42        183 

Bonar,   Horatius    (1808-89),  a  Scotch    religious   writer  and  author   of 

hymns 42  67 

Blackie,  John  Stuart  (1809-95),  an  eminent  Scottish  educator,  scholar, 

writer,  and  humanist 42  6r 

Wilson,  Sir  Daniel  (1816-92),  a  Scotch-Canadian  educator  and  archae- 
ologist, university  president  at  Toronto  from  1881,  author  of 
historical  and  prehistoric    studies  of  great  value 43        578 

Bain,  Alexander  (1818-),  a  distinguished  Scotch  philosophical  writer, 
professor  of  natural  philosophy  at  Glasgow,  and  author  of  im- 
portant works  advocating  Spencerian  philosophy  and  physiolog- 
ical psychology 42  37 

Shairp,  John  Campbell  (1819-85),  a  Scotch  essayist,  critic,  and  poet; 
author  of  valuable  studies  in  history,  poetry,  philosophy,  and 
religion 43        491 

Fraser,  Alexander  Campbell  (1819-),  a  Scotch  writer  and  lecturer  on 
philosophy  and  logic,  university  professor  at  Edinburgh,  and 
author  of  important  biographies  and  essays 42        200 

Muir,  Sir  William  (1819-),  a  distinguished  Orientalist;  public  official 
in  India;  principal  from  1885  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh; 
and  author  of  works  of  great  interest  on  the  life  of  Moham- 
med, and  the  history  of  Mohammedanism 43        394  ^ 

TuUoch,  John  (1823-86),  a  Scottish  educator;  religious  and  historical 
writer;  author  of  a  considerable  series  of  religious  studies  and 
criticisms,  and  of  historical  sketches  and  essays 43        534 

Ballantyne,  Robert  M.  (1825-94),  a  popular   Scotch  writer   of  stories 

for  boys 42  39 

Stewart,  Balfour  (1828-87),  a  Scotch  physicist  of  distinction,  one  of 
the  founders  of  spectrum  analysis,  and  author  of  important 
works  on  physics 43        506 

Gairdner,  James  (1828-),  a  Scotch  historical  writer,  author  of  a  valu- 
able series  of  English  history  volumes 42        206 

Calderwood,  Henry  (1830-),  a  Scotch  philosophical  writer,   author   of 

works  controverting  the  doctrines  of  Sir  William  Hamilton ....  4  2         88 

(yeikie,  Archibald  (1835-) ;  James  (1839-),  Scotch  geologists  and  scien- 
tific writers,  authors  of  works  of  great  importance  for  the 
complete  story  of  geology 42       212 


SCOTCH— TAHITI  AN  LITERATURE  clxxiii 

Smith,  William  Robertson  (1846-94),  an  eminent  Scotch  scholar  and 
Orientalist,  a  notable  representative  of  advanced  learning  and 
opinion  in  biblical  study,  university  professor  of  Arabic  at 
Cambridge,  author  of  studies  of  great  importance  for  knowledge 
of  Semitic  culture 43       499 

Geddes,  Patrick  (1854-),  a  Scotch  botanist  and  university  professor, 
author  of  numerous  and  interesting  scientific  studies,  and  origi- 
nator at  Edinburgh  of  a  great  scheme  of  university  and  social 
reform 42        211 

Archer,  William   (1856-),  a  Scotch- English  dramatic  critic;  author  of 

books  on  the  drama,  and  translations  of   Ibsen's  writings 42         23 


Tahitian  Literature  comes  into  notice  in  the  Library  through 
a  very  interesting  account,  by  Mr.  John  La  Farge,  of  *  The  Teva 
Poets:  A  Poetic  Family  in  Tahiti.^  Mr.  La  Farge  gives  exam- 
ples of  this  youngest  and  most  remote  of  the  literatures  of  the 
world  (Vol.  XXXVI,  14389-98),  the  origin  and  evolution  of  which  con- 
nect it  with  English  literature. 


Clxxiv  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 


CHRONOLOGICAL  CONSPECTUS 

American  Literature  of  high  definitive  character  begins  with 
names  of  unsurpassed  eminence  in  the  history  of  thought,  of 
statesmanship,  and  of  world-changes;  the  earliest  grand  notes 
of  utterance,  <*  heard  round  the  world,'*  the  thinking  of  Jonathan 
Edwards  and  the  science  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  falling  in  the 
third  decade*  of  the  eighteenth  century;  but  earlier  lines  connect 
back  to  the  England  of  Shakespeare  and  Cromwell,  and  present 
names  of  no  small  note  for  the  English-American  planting  of 
culture  and  commonwealth,  from  which  grew  the  large  fruit 
of  learning  and  letters  now  known  as  American  literature. 

Ward,  Nathaniel  (1578-1653),  an  English-American  clergyman  and 
lawyer;  author  of  the  first  code  of  laws  established  in  New 
England,   known  as  the  <  Body  of  Liberties  > 43        561 

Cotton,  John  (1585-1652),  a  Puritan  divine,  one  of  the  founders  of 
Boston  in  New  England,  author  of  a  large  number  of  religious 
writings 42        122 

Hooker,  Thomas  (1586-1647),   an  American  founder  of  the  colony  of 

Puritans  at  Hartford  in  New  England,  author  of  religious  writings  .42        272 

Winthrop,  Governor  John  (i  587-1649),  the  first  colonial  governor  of 
Massachusetts ;  author  of  a  history  of  New  England  from  1630-49, 
and  of  other  writings  of  extreme  historical  interest 43        580 

Bradford,  William  (1588-1657).  a  notable  leader  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers 

in  the  years  1602-57,  ^^^  author  of  their  history  to  1647 4  2  72 

Wheelwright,  John  (i 592-1679),  an  early  American  religionist;  a  class- 
mate in  study  of  Oliver  Cromwell  at  Cambridge,  England ;  one  of 
the  new  belief  malcontents  in  Boston,  Massachusetts ;  and  author 
of  controversial  writings 43        570 

Winslow,  Ed-ward  (1595-1655),  one  of  the  most  eminent  lay  leaders  of 
the  Pilgrim  Fathers  at  Plymouth  in  New  England,  author  of 
writings  of  great  importance  for  their  history 43        579 

Davenport,  John  (i  597-1670),  Puritan  divine,  one  of  the  founders  of 

the  colony  of  New  Haven 42        133 

*To  count  decades  and  centuries  accurately  it  is  only  necessary  to  remember  how  the 
figures  must,  of  necessity,  run.  Thus  i,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10  counts  a  decade ;  11-20  the  next 
decade,  21-30  the  next,  31-40  the  next,  and  so  on.  In  the  same  way  i-ioo  counts  a  century, 
101-200  the  second  century,  201-300  the  third  century,  1701-1800  the  eighteenth  century,  and 
1801-1900  the  nineteenth  century.  The  twentieth  century  will  run  1901-2000.  Ninety-nine 
years  under  the  number  of  the  first  year  of  the  passing  century  and  one  year  under  the  next 
number  fall  into  any  century.  The  thirtieth  century,  for  instance,  will  have  ninety-nine 
years  under  29  and  one  under  30,  2901-3000.  This  gjiving  the  one  year  of  any  figure  to  the 
previous  figure  seems  puzzling,  but  so  the  facts  make  perfectly  plain.  There  is  no  way  to  get 
a  century  w^ithout  taking  100  as  its  last  year.    This  makes  loi  the  next  century's  first  year. 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  clxxV 

Williams,  Roger  (1600-84),  an  American  anti-Puritan  founder  of  Rhode 
Island,  author  of  important  writings  reflecting  the  state  of  things 
in  early  New  England 43        5177 

Eliot,  John  (1604-90),  a  celebrated  Puritan  educator,  author  of  an  Indian 

version  of  the  Bible 42        166 

Steendam,  Jacob  (1616-?),  a  Dutch- American  author,  known  to  have 
lived  in  New  Netherlands  (later  New  York)  in  1632-62;  author 
of  a  small  volume  of  verse  descriptive  of  life  in  the  colony ;  the 
first  poet  of  New  York 43        505 

Hubbard,  William  (1621-1704),  an  American  founder  in  Massachusetts, 
author  of  works  of  special  interest  and  importance  for  the 
early  history  of  New  England 42        277 

Wiggles-worth,  Michael  (1631-1705),    an   early  American  divine  and 

poet,  famous  for  his  poem  *■  The  Day  of  Doom^ 43        574 

Mather,  Increase  (1639-1723),  an  early  New  England  Puritan  divine, 
president  of  Harvard  1685-1701,  author  of  a  large  number  of 
publications 43        373 

Calef,  Robert  (1648-1719),  an  American  author  of  satires  on  the  early 

New  England  belief  in  spiritism  and  witchcraft 42  88 

Sewall,  Samuel  (1652-1730),  an  American  Puritan  jurist,  the  judge 
prominent  in  the  Salem  Witchcraft  trials,  and  of  great  note 
for  his  <  Diary  >  and  <  Letters  > 43        490 

Mather,  Cotton  (1663-1728),  a  famous  American  Puritan  divine,  a 
prolific  writer  of  books,  of  which  the  <Magnalia>  is  the  best 
known 43        373 

Bartram,  John  (1699-1777),  the  "father  of  American  botany,»  termed 

by  Linnaeus  the  greatest  natural  botanist  in  the  world 42         45 

Edwards,  Jonathan  (1703-58),  a  famous  preacher,  revivalist,  and  meta- 
physician, at  Northampton,  Mass.,  and  in  his  very  last  days 
president  of  the  college  at  Princeton,  N.   J  13   5175-88 

Franklin,  Benjamin  (1706-90),  a  journalist -printer,  philosopher,  scientist, 
statesman,  and  diplomat.  The  Library  has  a  story  in  thirteen 
pages  and  twenty -six  pages  of  examples 15  5925-63 

Ames,  Nathaniel  (1708-64),  an  American  physician  and  humorist,  au- 
thor of  a  popular  < Astronomical   Diary  and  Almanac > 42  17 

Bellamy,  Joseph  (1719-90),  an  American  educator  and  religious  writer. 4 2  52 

Woolman,  John  (1720-72),  a  Quaker  preacher  and  anti-slavery  writer; 
author  of  the  earliest  protest  published  in  America  against  the 
slave  trade,  and  of  important  humanitarian  and  religious  writings.  4  3        584 

Witherspoon,  John  (1722-94),  an  American  divine  and  educator; 
president  of  Princeton  College  from  1768;  member,  for  six  years, 
of  the  Continental  Congress;  author  of  important  patriotic  and 
other  writings 43        581 

Thomson,  Charles  (1729-1824),  an  American  publicist  and  patriot, 
the  first  secretary  of  the  Continental  Congress  (1774-79),  author 
of  some  writings  of  note 43        524 

Washington,  George  (1732-99),  America's  most  famous  man,  the 
soldier  of  the  American  Revolution,  the  statesman  of  the  Con- 


clxxvi  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

stitution  of  the  United  States,  and  first  President  1789-97.  The 
Library  gives  the  whole  of  his   Farewell  Address 38  15665-82 

Dickinson,  John  (i 732-1 808),  a  patriot  statesman,  and  political  writer 

of  the  American  Revolution ;   author  of  state  papers 42        144 

Adams,  John  (1735-1826),  eminent  statesman,  diplomat,  and  President, 

I    126-33 ;   Mrs.  Adams i    84-109 

Henry,  Patrick  (1736-99),  Virginia's  most  celebrated  orator  at  the  out- 
break of  the  American  Revolution 18   7241-46 

Allen,    Ethan   (1737-89),    a  notable   American   Revolutionary  soldier, 

author  of  an  exposition  of  extreme  rationalism 42  14 

Paine,  Thomas  (1737-1809),  a  foremost  promoter  of  the  American 
Revolution  by  political  pamphlets,  and  a  writer  later  of  works 
of  extreme   free  thought 28   10975-87 

Boudinot,  Elias  (1740-1821),  Revolutionary  patriot  and  religious  writer. 42         69 

Jefferson,  Thomas  (i 743-1 826),  the  author  of  the  American  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  minister  to  France,  Secretary  of  State, 
President  of  the  United  States  (1801-09),  and  a  most  prolific 
writer,  influential  upon  later  American  development 21   8229-56 

Hicks,  Elias  (i  748-1 830),  a  famous  American  Quaker,  founder  of 
liberal  Quakerism  in  America,  and  author  of  religious  and  re- 
form writings 42        264 

Brackenridge,    H,  H.    (1748-1816),   a  lawyer  of  distinction,    supreme 

court  judge  in  Pennsylvania,  and  author  of  popular  satire   42         71 

Ramsay,  David  (1749-18 15),  an  American  physician  and  historian,  au- 
thor of  early  contributions  to  the  story  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution, and  of  the  history  of  the  United  States  under  Washington 
and  Jefferson 43       451 

Madison,  James  (1 751-1836),  a  most  effective  political  writer,  author  of 
Journal  of  Debates  of  the  Convention  of  1787,  Secretary  of 
State   under  Jefferson,  and  President  1809-17 24  9531-40 

Morris,  Gouverneur  (1752-18 16),  a  famous  American  patriot  and  states- 
man, noted  for  ability  both  in  political  thought  and  political 
action,  and  author  of  important  contributions  to  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  Republic 43        392 

Dwight,  Timothy  (1752-18 17),  an  American  divine  and  educator  of 
great  distinction,  president  of  Yale  College  from  1795  to  1817, 
and  author  of  important  theological  works 42        159 

Barlow,  Joel  (1754-18x2),  a  journalist,  poet,  political  writer,  and  politi- 
cal actor,  of  much  repute  in  his  day,  and  of  influence  in  the 
development  of  American  literature 4   1557-62 

Adams,  Hannah  (1755-1832),  an  American  literary  pioneer,  author  of  a 

< History  of  New  England > .42  4 

Carpenter,  Stephen  Cutter  (-1820),  a  journalist,  critic,  and  historical 

writer  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina 42         95 

Marshall,  John  (175 5-1 835),  an  American  soldier  in  the  Revolution, 
envoy  to  France,  member  of  Congress,  Secretary  of  State, 
United  States  Chief  Justice  1801-35,  and  author  of  biographical 
and  political  writings 43       370 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  clxxvii 

Hamilton,  Alexander  (1757-1804),  a  noted  leader,  military  and  civil, 
in  the  American  Revolution;  statesman  and  influential  political 
writer  for  twenty  years  after  the  war ;  and  the  New  York  head 
of  Federalism  in   national  politics 17  6891-912 

Ames,  Fisher  (1758-1808),  a  patriotic  and  brilliant  American  author  of 

orations,  essays,  and  letters 42  16 

Monroe,  James  (1758-1831),  a  Revolutionary  soldier  of  Virginia,  and 
conspicuous  public  leader  from  the  close  of  the  war;  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  for  two  terms  1817-25;  author  of 
political  studies  and  public  papers  of  importance  to  American 
history 43        387 

Armstrong,  John  (1758-1843),  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  and  author 

of  the  celebrated  <  Newburg  Letters  * 42         25 

Carey,    Mathew   (1760-1839),  an   Irish-American  publisher,  author  of 

important  political  essays 42         94 

Kent,  James  (i 763-1 847),  an  eminent  American  jurist;  author  of  the 
famous  < Commentaries  on  American  Law,*  one  of  the  intel- 
lectual monuments  of  our  country 43       301 

Bradford,  Alden  (1765-1843),  American  historian  and  journalist 42         72 

Wilson,  Alexander  (1766-1813),  a  Scotch  poet  who  became  the  ^father 

of  American  ornithology  * 39  16017-31 

Adams,  John  Quincy  (1767-1848),  eminent  diplomat  and  statesman,    i     134-45 

Brown,   C.   Brockden   (1771-1810),  the  first  American  man  of  letters 

proper ;  the  precursor  of  Cooper  and  of  Hawthorne 6  2425-36 

Wirt,  William  (1772-1834),  a  Swiss-German  of  Maryland  by  birth; 
an  eminent  lawyer,  orator,  statesman,  and  writer  in  Virgfinia 
from  1795  to  his  death 39  16090-100 

Alexander,   Archibald    (1772-1851),    a    philosophical    and    theological 

writer,  educator,  and  divine 42  12 

Randolph,  John  (1773-1833),  an  American  statesman;  author  of  a 
famous  response  to  Patrick  Henry,  and  of  <  Letters  to  a  Young 
Relative  > 43       451 

Beecher,    Lyman    (1775-1863),    a    noted   divine,    philanthropist,    and 

preacher 42  51 

Clay,  Henry  (1777-1852),  an  eminent  statesman,  very  brilliant  and 
powerful  orator,  and  a  great  popular  leader.  The  Library  has 
a  full  story,  in  thirteen  pages,  and  ten  pages  of  fine  examples. 9  3761-83 

Allston,  Washington  (1779-1843),  an  eminent  American  painter,  poet, 

and  author  of  romances  and  lectures  on  art 42  15 

Story,    Joseph    (i  779-1845),    an    eminent  American   jurist,   author   of 

works  of  great  importance  for  American  jurisprudence 43       508 

Paulding,    James    K.     (1779-1860),    a    journalist,    novelist,    poet,    and 

writer  of  a  <  Life  of  Washington.  > 28   11 195-209 

Channing,  William  E.  (1780-1842),  a  leading  preacher  of  the  New 
England  departure  from  Trinitarian  Calvinism  in  the  first  dec- 
ades   of    the    nineteenth   century,    and    a    notable   ethical   and 

humanitarian  \vriter 9  3513-22 

12 


clxxviii  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Key,  Francis  Scott  (i 780-1 843),  an  American  poet  of  Baltimore,  au- 
thor of  the  <Star  Spangled  Banner,  >  written  while  a  prisoner 
on  the  British  fleet  engaged  in  bombarding  Fort  McHenry  near 
Baltimore 4  3       303 

Calhoun,  John  C.  (i  782-1850),  an  American  orator,  statesman,  and 
publicist;  Secretary  of  War  under  Monroe,  and  Vice-President 
under  J,  Q.  Adams  (1825-9),  and  Jackson  (1829-32) 7  3087-100 

Webster,  Daniel  (1782-1852),  a  New  England  American  statesman 
and  orator  of  the  highest  distinction.  A  most  interesting  story 
of  eleven  pages,  by  Carl  Schurz,  and  twenty-two  pages  of  fine 
examples 38   15725-57 

Benton,  Thomas  H.  (1782-1858),  a  political  journalist,  and  states- 
man, author  of  <  Debates  of  Congress  >  (1789-1850) 42  54 

Ingersoll,  Charles  Jared  (i 782-1 862),  an  American  poet  and  miscella- 
neous writer,  author  of  a  history  of  the  War  of    1812 42        284 

Irving,  Washington  (1783-1859),  a  delightful  writer,  eight  years 
earlier  than  Bryant,  eleven  years  before  Cooper,  and  univer- 
sally ranked  as,  in  the  large  sense,  the  founder  of  American 
literature.  The  Library  has  ten  pages  of  story  and  forty-five 
of    examples 20  7991-8045 

Worcester,  Joseph  Emerson  (1784-1865),  an  eminent  American  phi- 
lologist; author  of  geographical  works  of  great  value,  and  of  a 
dictionary  of  English,  which  is  one  of  the  great  standard  author- 
ities  43        584 

Allen,  William  (i  784-1 868),    American  educator,  university  president, 

and  author  of  biographical  and  historical  dictionary 42  15 

Woodworth,  Samuel  (i  785-1 842),    an   American   journalist  and  poet, 

famous  for  his  authorship  of  <The  Old  Oaken  Bucket  > 43        584 

Wheaton,  Henry  (i 785-1 848),  an  eminent  American  jurist;  author  of 
studies  of  maritime  law,  international  law,  and  <  History  of 
the  Law  of  Nations, >  of  great  value 43        570 

Biddle,  Nicholas  (1786-1844),  a   noted   financier  and  financial  writer. 

United  States  Bank  president  (1823-39) 42         59 

Brackenridge,  H.  M.  (1786-1871),  a  lawyer  and  historical  writer...  42  71 

Andrews,  Ethan  Allen  (1787-1858),  an  eminent  educator  and  lexico- 
grapher, author  of  valuable  classical  text-books 42  19 

Berrian,  William  (1787-1862),  a  religious  writer  and  historian  of  Trin- 
ity Church,  New  York 42  57 

Willard,  Emma  (1787-1870),  an  American  educator,  author  of  educa- 
tional and  other  works  of  value,  and  of  note  for  her  efforts  to  im- 
prove the  education  of  women 43        576 

Dana,  R.  H.  (1787-1879),  a  New  England  poet  and  North  American 
reviewer,  notable  for  the  first  American  attempt  in  the  direction 
of  original  criticism ;  also  a  novelist,  following  Brown  and  preced- 
ing Cooper  and  Poe 11  4285-301 

Campbell,  Alexander  (1788-1866),  American  divine  and  theological 
writer,  religious  journalist,  college  president,  and  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  «  Campbellites  »  42         90 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  clxxix 

Cooper,  J.  F.  (1789-1851),  America's  great  novelist  in  the  age  of  Walter 
Scott.  The  Library  has  a  full  life  and  forty-seven  pages  of  ex- 
amples   10  3985-4039 

Sparks,  Jared  (1789-1866),  an  American  historical  scholar  of  the  high- 
est distinction,  a  collector  and  editor  of  the  writings  of  Wash- 
ington and  Franklin,  and  author  of  a  large  number  of  American 
biographies 43        501 

Felt,  Joseph  Barlow  (1789-1869),  an  American  historical  writer,  author 
of  works  marked  by  extensive  and  accurate  knowledge  of  New 
England  history 42        183 

Halleck,  Fitz-Greene    (i 790-1 867),   a  writer  of  polished  and  pleasing 

verse 17  6861-68 

Force,  Peter  (i 790-1868),  an  American  journalist  and  historical  writer, 
notable  for  his  great  collection  of  books  and  pamphlets  on  Ameri- 
can history 42        195 

Bachman,  John  (1790-1874).  an  American  naturalist,  principal  writer 

of  the  text  of  Audubon's  *  Quadrupeds  of  North  America  > 42  34 

Ticknor,  George  (1791-1871),  an  eminent  American  scholar  and  literary 
historian,  university  professor  at  Harvard,  author  of  a  great  work 
on  the  History  of  Spanish  Literature 43        526 

Morse,  Samuel  F.  B.  (1791-1872),  the  famous  inventor  of  the  electro- 
magnetic telegraph,  professor  at  Yale  and  in  New  York  City, 
author  of  political  and  other  studies 43        392 

Hamilton,  John  C.  (1792-1882),  son  of  Alexander  Hamilton;  editor  of  his 
father's  works,  and  a  life  of  his  father ;  author  also  of  a  <  History 
of  the  Republic  > 42        246 

Birney,  James  G.  (i  792-1857),  an  anti-slavery  editor  and  author,  «  Liberty 

Party  >>  presidential  candidate  (1840  and  1844) 42         60 

Bache,  Franklin  (i  792-1864),  an  eminent  American  prof  essor  of  chemis- 
try for  medical  instruction,  and  medical  author 42  33 

Goodrich,  Samuel  G.  (1793-1860),  an  American  journalist  and  editor, 

author  of  the  celebrated  < Peter  Parley*  books 42        225 

Schoolcraft,  Henry  Rowe  (1793-1864),  an  American  ethnologist  of  long 
experience  among  the  American  Indians,  and  author  of  publica- 
tions of  importance  for  the  history  of  primitive  culture  in 
America 43       485 

Carey,  Henry  Charles  (1793-1879),  a  leading  American  economist,  au- 
thor of  valuable  works  in  political  and  social  science 42         94 

Everett,  Edward  (1794-1865),  a  most  eloquent  Unitarian  preacher.  Har- 
vard professor  of  Greek,  orator,  statesman,  and  eminently  suc- 
cessful American  minister  to  England 14  5605-13 

Bryant,  William  C.  (1794-1878),  an  eminent  poet,  journalist,  and  critic. 

The  library  has  fifteen  pages  of  fine  examples 6  2623-42 

Drake,   J.    R.    (1795-1820),   author  of   <The   Culprit   Fay>  and   <The 

American    Flag,  >  which  the  library  gives  in  full 12  4851-64 

Brown,  David  Paul  (1795-1872),  a  lawyer,  author,  and  playwright     .42         78 

Prescott,  William  H,  (1796-1859),  the  brilliant  and  instructive  his- 
torian  of  Spain  and   Spanish-America  in  the  age  of  Columbus 


clxxx  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

and  his  successors.  The  Library  has  thirty-four  pages  of 
examples 301 1767-804 

Ballou,   Hosea  (i  796-1861),  an  eminent  Universalist  divine,  historian, 

and  journalist 42         39 

Catlin,  George  (i 796-1872),  a  traveler,  painter,  and  writer;  author  of 
portraits  and  sketches  very  valuable  for  knowledge  of  the 
North  American   Indians 42         98 

Palfrey,  John  G.  (1796-1881),  author  of  the  standard  <  History  of  New 
England, >  from  which  the  Library  gives  his  account  of  *  Salem 
Witchcraft* 28   10988-11000 

Colton,  Walter  (1797-1851),  an  American  journalist  and  professor, 
founder  of  the  first  newspaper  in  California,  author  of  interest- 
ing books  of  travel 42        116 

Kenrick,  Francis  Patrick  (1797-1863),  a  distinguished  American 
Roman  Catholic  prelate  and  writer,  author  of  valuable  biblical 
and  theological  studies 43       301 

Anthon,  Charles  (i 797-1 867),  an  American  classical  scholar  and  uni- 
versity professor  of  g^eat  distinction,  author  of  a  large  number 
of  valuable  classical   text-books 42         21 

Barnes,  Albert  (1798-1870),  an  American  divine  and  religious  writer, 

author  of  a  series  of  <  Notes  *  on  books  of  the  Bible 42         43 

Dix,  John  Adams  (1798-1879),  an  eminent  political  and  military 
leader  in  the  period  of  the  Civil  War;  author  of  studies, 
speeches,  and  translations  of  interest 42        146 

Choate,   Rufus  (1799-1859),    a   New   England   orator,    extraordinarily 

brilliant  at  the  bar  and  in  public  life 9  3649-64 

Alcott,   A.    B,    (1799-1888),    an  American  educator,  transcendentalist 

writer,  and  humanist 42         10 

Breckenridge,  R.  J.  (1800-71),  a  Presbyterian  theological  writer 42         73 

Beecher,  Catherine  E.  (1800-78),  an   influential  educator,   and  writer 

on  education 42  50 

Cushing,  Caleb  (1800-79),  an  eminent  American  jurist,  statesman,  and 

diplomatist;  author  of  a  <Life  of  William  Henry  Harrison >   ,..42        127 

Bancroft,  George  (1800-91),  eminent  historian  of  the  United  States. 4  1433-58 

Seward,  William  H.  (1801-72),  an  American  statesman  of  great  dis- 
tinction; Secretary  of  State,  1861-69;  author  of  speeches,  ad- 
dresses, travels,  and  a  biography  of  John  Quincy  Adams 43       490 

Marsh,  George  Perkins  (1801-82),  an  American  diplomatist,  twenty 
years  minister  to  Italy,  and  philologist  of  distinction ;  author  of 
a  series  of  works  of  great  philological  and  scientific  value 43       369 

Woolsey,  Theodore  D.  (1801-89),  an  American  classical  scholar,  and 
educator  of  distinction;  president  from  1846  of  Yale;  author  of 
classical  text-books,  and  of  important  works  in  social  and  politi- 
cal science 43        584 

Bushnell,  Horace  (1802-76)  a  very  brilliant  Congregational  preacher; 
writer  on  questions  of  theology,  on  lines  of  moderate  new  de- 
parture from  orthodoxy 7  2909-26 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  clxxxi 

Ripley,  George  (1802-80),  an  American  scholar,  journalist,  and  liter- 
ary critic  of  great  distinction ;  author,  in  the  New  York  Tribune, 
of  a  long  succession  of  literary  criticisms  widely  influential 
upon  the  culture  of  the  time 43       459 

Child,  Lydia  Maria  (1802-80),  a  notable  New  England  philanthropist; 
author  of  the  first  book  written  in  advocacy  of  the  abolition  of 
slavery,  and  of  works  in  fiction  and  history  markedly  interesting 
and  instructive 42        107 

Bacon,  Leonard  (1802-81),  an  eminent  American  divine,  prolific  occa- 
sional writer,  and  author  of  theological  and  historical  works ...  4  2         34 

Hopkins,  Mark  (1802-87),  an  eminent  American  educator,  college 
president,  and  religious  writer ;  author  of  important  ethical  and 
theological  studies 42        273 

Conant,  Thomas  J.  (1802-91).  an  author  of  valuable  translations  from 
the  Hebrew  of  the  Old  Testament,  and  a  translation  of  the 
German  Hebrew  grammar  of  Gesenius 42        117 

Brownson,  O.  A.  (1803-76),  a  writer  of  great  power  in  the  religious 
field,  somewhat  notable  for  his  adventurous  passage  from 
Protestant  orthodoxy  through  extreme  Liberalism  to  Roman 
Catholicism 6  2594-602 

Abbott,  Jacob   (1803-79),   a  noted  prolific  author  of  stories  and  books 

of  instruction  for  the  young 42  i 

Emerson,  R.  W.  (1803-82),  the  conspicuous  leader  of  extreme  Liber- 
alism in  New  England  for  fifty  years  from  1825  ;  a  poet  of  extraor- 
dinary insight  and  felicity  of  phrase,  and  an  epoch-making 
thinker.  The  Library  has  twelve  pages  of  story  and  thirty- 
four  pages  of  examples 13   5421-66 

Calvert,   George  Henry   (1803-89),   American  journalist  of  distinction 

at  Baltimore,  author  of  poems  and  literary  essays 42         89 

Beecher,  Edward  (1803-95),  American  educator  and  liberal  religious 

writer 42  50 

Hawthorne,  Nathaniel  (1804-64),  a  writer  of  novels,  tales,  and  notes 
of  travel  almost  unsurpassed  in  literary  quality  and  human 
interest  —  perhaps  the  nearest  approach  in  American  letters 
to  the  level  of  Shakespeare.  The  Library^  has  a  full  story,  by 
Henry  James,  and  thirty -five  pages  of  examples 18  7053-96 

Stephens,  John  Lloyd  (1805-52),  an  American  explorer;  author  of 
valuable  works  of  travel  in  several  countries  of  Asia,  and  in 
Central  America ;  especially  notable  for  exploration  of  Yucatan. 43        505 

Bethune,  George  W.  (1805-62),  a  poet,  orator,  wit,  and  clergyman.  .42  58 

Hedge,  Frederick  H.  (1805-go),  eminent  American  divine,  university 
professor  at  Harvard,  and  author  of  important  liberal  religious 
works 42        256 

Bache,  Alexander  Dallas  (1806-67),  distinguished  American  scientist 
and  educator,  in  various  positions  of  distinction,  and  author  of 
important  scientific  works 42         33 

Willis,  N.  P.  (1806-67),  an  essayist,  poet,  and  journalist  of  popular 

distinction  in  his  day 39   16001-16 


Clxxxii  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Simms,  Wm.  Gilmore  (1806-70),  a  South  Carolina  pioneer  in  Ameri- 
can literature;  author  of  novels,  tales,  histories,  and  verse..  3  4  13445-61 

Elder,  William  (1806-85),  an  American  vsrriter  on  political  economy 
and  questions  of  the  day,  also  author  of  the  <Life  of  Dr.  E.  K. 
Kane  > 42        166 

Felton,  C.  C.  (1807-62),  a  notable  Greek  scholar,  university  professor, 

and  later  president  of  Harvard  University 42        183 

Hildreth,    Richard    (1807-65),   author   of   one   of  the  substantial   and 

valuable  histories  of  the  United  States 18  7371-80 

Agassiz,  Louis  (1807-73),  notable  scientist  and  museum  founder....  i     209-22 

Campbell,  Charles  (1807-76),  American  historian,  author  of  important 

works  relating  to  the  history  of  Virginia 42         90 

Mackey,  Albert  Gallatin  (1807-81),  a  noted  American  writer  on 
Freemasonry,  author  of  a  series  of  works  of  high  Masonic  au- 
thority   43        360 

Longfellow,  H.  W.  (1807-82),  the  most  popular  of  American  poets, 
a  professor  in  Harvard  University,  and  a  notably  successful 
translator  of  Dante.  The  Library  has  a  full  story  of  the  poet's 
genius  and  work,  and  forty-seven  pages  of  examples 23  9143-96 

Aldan,  Joseph  (1807-85),  educator  of  distinction;  religious  journalist; 
author  of  works  in  moral  and  political  science,  and  of  books 
for  the  young 42  ir 

Adams,  Charles  Francis  (1807-86),  eminent  American  statesman, 
minister  to  England  1861-68,  and  editor  of  the  writings  both  of 
John  Adams  and  John  Quincy  Adams 42  4 

Whittier,  John  G.  (1807-92),  the  most  characteristically  New  Eng- 
land American  poet,  and  notable  for  deep  religious  faith  of  the 
most  liberal  type.  The  Library  gives  the  full  story  of  his 
genius  and  thirty-seven  pages  of  examples 39  159 11-53 

Fay,  Theodore  S.  (1807-),  an  American  poet,  story- writer,  and  de- 
scriptive essayist,  prominent  in  periodical  journalism;  author  of 
travels  and  historical  studies 42        181 

Beardsley,  E.  E.  (1808-91),  American  Episcopal  divine,  historian,  and 

biographer 4  2  48 

Poe,  Edgar  Allen  (1809-49),  a  poet,  writer  of  tales,  and  critic;  made 
exceedingly  famous  by  the  perfection  of  some  few  poems  or 
verses 29    1 165 1-700 

Benjamin,  Park  (1809-64),  journalist,  lecturer,  and  poet  42  53 

Lincoln,  Abraham  (1809-65),  the  statesman  President  of  the  final  set- 
tlement of  the  questions  at  issue  between  North  and  South  in 
the  United  States,  and  in  quality  of  written  or  spoken  utterance 
at  the  highest  level  reached  since  Shakespeare.  The  Library 
gives  twelve  pages  of  fine  examples 23  9059-76 

Bledsoe,    A.    T.    (1809-77),    Southern   Review   editor,    educator,    and 

theologfical  writer 42  63 

Arthur,  T.  S.  (1809-85),  founder  of  Arthur's  Home  Magazine,  and  a 

voluminous  writer  of  tales  of  domestic  life 42         27 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  clxxxiii 

Holmes,  O.  W.  (1809-94),  an  eminent  teacher  of  anatomy  at  Harvard 
University,  writer  of  novels,  and  a  poet  extremely  popular  for 
wit  and  humor 19  7457-95 

Fuller,  S.  Margaret  (1810-50),  a  very  brilliant  New  England  initiator 

of  the  movement  on  behalf  of  equal  rights  with  men  for  women,  i  5  6119-28 

Parker,  Theodore  (iSio-60),  an  impassioned  preacher  and  powerful 
writer  on  the  lines  of  very  radical  liberalism  in  religion,  and 
very  radical  reform  in   politics 28    1 1073-86 

Spalding,  Martin  John  (1810-72),  an  American  Catholic  prelate;  notable 
as  a  controversial  writer  on  the  history  of  the  Reformation,  and 
on  Catholic  Christian  doctrines  and  history 43        501 

Clark,  Lewis  Gaylord  (1810-73),  from  1834  editor  of  the  Knicker- 
bocker Magazine,  the  foremost  literary  publication  of  the  time. 4 2        11 1 

Clarke,  James  Freeman  (1810-88,)  a  markedly  liberal  divine;  author 
of  popular  liberal  expositions,  and  of  studies  of  the  religion 
of  mankind 42        in 

Gray,  Asa  (1810-88),  eminent  American  botanist,  university  pro- 
fessor at  Harvard  University,  and  author  of  writings  and  text- 
books causing  him  to  be  universally  known  as  one  of  the 
foremost  of  modern  botanists 42        230 

Bacon,  Delia  (181 1-59),  American  lecturer  to  women  on  history  and 
literature,  notable  as  the  originator  of  the  theory  that  Lord 
Bacon  had  a  principal  hand  in  the  production  of  the  plays  of 
Shakespeare 42  34 

Greeley,  Horace  (181 1-72),  the  celebrated  journalist,  founder  of  the 
New  York  Tribune,  and  a  large  initiator  of  the  best  features  of 
high-class  journalism 17  6653-62 

Sumner,   Charles   (1811-74),  statesman  of  high  character,  and  orator 

of  markedly  academic  style 36   14221-36 

Burritt,  Elihu  (181 1-79),  American  reform  writer  noted  as  «The  Learned 

Blacksmith  » 42  84 

James,  Henry  (1811-82),  an  American  scholar  and  exponent  of  Sweden- 
borgianism,  author  of  notably  original  works  on  morals  and 
religion 42        286 

Draper,  John  W.  (1811-82),  an  eminent  man  of  science  who  gave 
particular  attention  to  the  story  of  the  human  mind  in  all  ages 
and  lands  and  to  the  story  of  science  making  progress  against 
the  opposition  of  religion 12  4865-76 

Phillips,  Wendell  (1811-84),  a  consummate  orator,  popular  lecturer,  and 

anti-slavery  reformer 29   1 1409-27 

Davis,  Edwin  H.  (1811-88),  archaeologist,  and  author  of  very  important 

work  on  the  ancient  monuments  of  the  Mississippi  Valley 42        134 

Kip,  William  Ingraham  (1811-93),  a  distinguished  American  divine 
and  Episcopal  bishop,  author  of  important  historical  and  religious 
studies 43        306 

McCosh,  James  (1811-94),  a  Scottish-American  educator  of  great  dis- 
tinction, university  president  at  Princeton  for  twenty  years, 
author  of  important  contributions  to  philosophical  investigation  .43       358 


Clxxxiv  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Stowe,  Mrs.  H.  B.  (1811-96),  popular  novelist,  humanitarian  reformer, 
and  advocate  of  woman's  rights.  The  library  has  a  full  story 
of  all  her  books,  and  thirty-three  pages  of  examples 35   14067-106 

Barnard,  Henry  (1811-),  prominent  American  educator 42         43 

Wilson,  Henry  (1812-75),  an  American  statesman,  elected  Vice-Presi- 
dent 1872,  notable  for  his  political  interest  in  the  freedmen  during 
the  Civil  War,  and  author  of  valuable  contributions  to  the  history 
of  Emancipation  and  Reconstruction 43        578 

Stephens,  Alexander  Hamilton  (1812-83),  an  American  publicist,  among 
the  most  eminent  of  Confederate  leaders,  and  author  of  a  <  Con- 
stitutional View  of  the  War  between  the  States  > 43        505 

Williams,  Samuel  Wells  (1812-84),  an  eminent  American  scholar  and 

missionary;  author  of  <The  Middle  Kingdom, >  a  great  work  on      « 
China,  and  of  other  works  of  Chinese  interest 43        577 

Curtis,  George  Ticknor  (1812-94),  an  eminent  American  lawyer ;  author 
of  a  <  History  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, >  of  valu- 
able legal  works  and  of  Lives  of  James  Buchanan  and  Daniel 
Webster 42        127 

Caton,  John  Dean  (1812-),  eminent  jurist  at  Chicago,   and  author  of 

Western  historical  sketches 42         99 

Judd,  Sylvester  (1813-53),  a  Unitarian  minister  at  Augusta,    Maine, 

whose  novel,   < Margaret, '  was  of  great  charm  and  interest.  ,2  i   8399-410 

Cassin,  John  (1813-69),  an  American  author  of  important  ornithological 

works 42  97 

Very,    Jones    (1813-80),    a  poet   of  New  England  Transcendentalism 

marked  by  deep  religious  thoughtfulness 38  15323-29 

Brooks,  Charles  T.  (1813-83),  a  poet  and  translator  of  German  poetry.  4 2         76 

Beecher,  Henry  Ward  (1813-87),  an  eminent  pulpit  orator,  journalist, 
and  author;  the  most  popular  lecturer  and  preacher  of  the  mid- 
dle of  the  century;  a  strongly  new  departure  thinker  in  religion; 
and  a  radical  reformer 42   51 ;  4   1713-48 

Dwight,  John  S.   (1813-93),  a  musical  journalist  and  critic  at  Boston, 

of  fine  power  as  a  writer ^ 13  5084-90 

Dana,  James  D.  (1813-95),  an  eminent  scientist,  university  professor  at 

Yale,  and  author  of  scientific  text-books  of  the  highest  character.  42        130 

McClintock,  John  (1814-70),  an  American  educator,  Divinity  Semi- 
nary president,  and  principal  compiler  of  a  large  and  valuable 
<  Cyclopaedia  of  Biblical,  Theological,  and  Ecclesiastical  Litera- 
ture > 43        357 

Motley,  John  L.  (1814-77),  o^e  of  the  most  successful  and  interesting 
of  modern  historians  in  his  great  works  dealing  with  the  Dutch 
struggle  against  Spain.  The  Library  gives  twenty-four  pages 
of  most  interesting  examples 26  10373-404 

Bellows,  H.  W.  (1814-82),  prominent  American  divine,  philanthro- 
pist, and  religious  writer 42         53 

Hudson,  Henry  Norman  (1814-86),  an  American  Shakespearean 
scholar;  university  professor  at  Boston;  author  of  Shakespeare 
studies,  and  of  an  edition  of  Shakespeare's   works 42       277 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  clxxxv 

Ellis,  George  E.  (1814-94),  an  American  divine,  historical  writer,  and 
biographer;  author  of  numerous  contributions  to  American 
colonial  history 42        i68 

Dana,  R.  H.  (1815-82),   son  of  the  earlier  R.  H.  Dana;  notable   for 

one  rare  book,  his  ^  Two  Years  Before  the  Mast  > 11   4302-14 

Arnold,    I.    N.   (1815-84),  an  American  lawyer;   author  of  a  <Life  of 

Abraham  Lincoln,  >  and  of  other  historical  works 42  26 

Baker,  Mrs.  H.  N.  («  Madeline  Leslie  »  and  «Aunt  Hatty  »)  (1815-93), 

a  prolific  author  of  stories  for  children 42         37 

Stevens,  Abel  (1815-),  an  American  Methodist  divine,  journalist,  and 
historical  writer;  author  of  standard  histories  of  Methodism 
throughout  the  world 43        506 

Dean,  John  Ward  (1815-),  an  eminent  historical  scholar  and  writer, 
author  of  valuable  contributions  to  American  (New  England) 
history 42        135 

Botta,  Anna  C.  L.  (1815-91),  an  essayist,  poet,  and  critic  of  literature .  4  2         68 

Duyckinck,  Evert  Augustus  (1816-78);  George  Long  (1823-63),  liter- 
ary journalists,  editors,  and  writers  of  importance  in  American 
literary  development  42   158-59 

Allibone,  Samuel  A.  (1816-89),  ^•^  eminent  American  bibliographer 
and  librarian,  author  of  a  valuable  dictionary  of  English  and 
American  authors 42  15 

Daly,  Charles  Patrick  (1816-),  a  jurist  of  distinction,  and  geographical 

author , 42        130 

Thoreau,  Henry  D.  (1817-62).  an  original,  richly  gifted,  and  rarely 
interesting  essayist  and  poet  at  Concord,  Massachusetts.  The 
Library  has  an  admirable  story  of  the  man  and  the  poet,  by  John 
Burroughs,  and  twenty-eight  pages  of  capital  examples  ...  .37   14871-908 

Forney,  John   Weiss  (1817-81),  an   American  journalist  and  political 

leader,  author  of  a  valuable  history  of  American  journalism.  .42        195 

Bigelow,  John  (1817-),  an  eminent  journalist,  diplomat,  and  writer  on 

American  history  and  biography 42  59 

Weiss,   John  (1818-79),   an  American  preacher,  brilliant  essayist,  and 

ardent  humanitarian  reformer 38    15769-78 

Morgan,  Lewis  Henry  (1818-81),  an  American  lawyer  of  great  repute 
as  an  ethnologist  and  archaeologist;  author  of  a  great  standard 
work  systematizing  the  relations  of  the  different  members  of  the 
human  family,  and  of  other  works  of  ethnological  importance.  .43        391 

Hill,  Thomas  (i8i8-gi),  an  eminent  American  divine  and  educator, 
president  of  Harvard,  and  author  of  contributions  to  philosophy 
and  science 42        265 

Boutwell,  George  S.  (1818-),  a  publicist  of  distinction,  and  statesman. 42  70 

Holland,  J.  G.   (1819-81),  a  popular  poet,  story-writer,  and  magazine 

editor 19  7451-56 

Whipple,  E.  P.  (1819-86),  a  critical  essayist  of  much  carefully  la- 
bored work 3  9  15839-50 

Lowell,  James  Russell  (1819-91),  a  poet,  critic,  essayist,  and  Har- 
vard University  professor,  of  gifts  and   knowledge  and  wealth 


Clxxxvi  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

of  thought  hardly  equaled  in  America;  eminently  successful  as 
American  minister  to  England.  The  Library  has  a  Lowell 
book  of  fifty  pages,  the  very  fine  story  by  Henry  James,  and 
forty-two  pages  of  examples 23  9229-78 

Melville,  H.   (1819-91),  the  author  in  1846  of  <Typee,>  a  remarkably 

interesting  book  of  adventure  and  travel  in  the  South  Seas.  .25  9867-85 

Whitman,  Walt  (1819-92),  an  American-Dutch  poet  of  Nature;  return 
to  extreme  realistic  freedom,  and  no  bondage  to  verse.  The 
Library  has  a  very  fine  story,  by  John  Burroughs,  and  nine- 
teen pages  of  examples 39  15885-910 

Longfellow,  Samuel  (1819-92),  an  American  radical  humanist,  of  note 
as  a  writer  of  deeply  religious  hymns  representing  the  spirit 
rather  than  the  letter  of  Christian  teaching 43       349 

Parsons,  T.  W.  (1819-92),  a  most  thoughtful  and  gifted  poet,  trans- 
lator of  part  of  Dante,  and  a  Harvard  University  professor .  .28   11117-22 

Story,  W.  W.  (1819-96),  an  eminent  sculptor  resident  in  Rome;  a 
poet  and  essayist,  humanist,  cosmopolitan ;  an  apostle  of  cul- 
ture   35   1405 1-66 

Dana,  Charles  A.  (1819-97),  a  journalist;  managing  editor  of  the 
New  York  Tribune,  1847-62;  editor  of  the  New  York  Sun,  1868- 
97;  proprietor-editor  of  <The  American  Cyclopaedia, >  1857-63 
and  1873-76 42        130 

Howe,  Julia  Ward  (1819-),  one  of  the  admirable  women  of  the  time; 
rarely  gifted ;  author  of  the  <  Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic  > ;  by 
age,  and  not  less  by  quality,  the  dean  of  letters  in  America  at 
the  coming  in  of  1898. . , 19   7645-52 

Raymond,  Henry  J.  (1820-69),  an  American  journalist  and  political 
writer  of  great  distinction,  author  of  valuable  American  bio- 
graphical and  historical  studies 43       452 

Cary,  Alice  (1820-1871),   an  American  author  of  interesting  sketches 

and  poems 42         96 

Brownell,  H,  H.   (1820-72),    a   poet   of  the   Civil  War,    of  a   genuine 

gift  for  lofty  lyrics  of   heroism  and  of   battle 6  2519-22 

Sherman,  William  T.  (1820-91),  an  eminent  American  soldier  of 
great  distinction  in  service  through  the  Civil  War,  and  author 
of   valuable    <  Memoirs  > 43        493 

Brockett,  Linus  Pierpont  (1820-93),  an  historical  writer,  author  of  nu- 
merous  works 42  76 

Ballou,  M.  M.  (1820-95),  a^  American  journalist  of  distinction;  au- 
thor of  travels,  biographies,  and  a  <  History  of    Cuba^ 42         39 

Shedd,  William  G.  (1820-94),  an  American  educator  and  theological 
writer,  author  of  works  representing  conservative  Calvinistic 
doctrine 43       492 

Hewit,  Nathaniel  Augustus  (1S20-),  an  American  Roman  Catholic  re- 
ligious writer,  an  eminent  member  of  the  Paulist  order  of  New 
York,  and  author  of  numerous  effective  and  popular  volumes  .42        263 

Bartlett,   John    (1820-),    author    of   <A    Shakspere    Concordance,  >    a 

<  Shakspere  Phrase  Book,'  and  <  Familiar  Quotations  > 42         45 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  clxxxvii 

White,  Richard  Grant  (1821-85),  a  scholarly  essayist  and  editor  of 
Shakespeare,  especially  distinguished  for  a  twelve-volume  richly 
annotated  edition  of   Shakespeare 39   15876-84 

Youmans,  Edward  Livingston  (1821-87),  an  American  popular  sci- 
ence writer  and  editor,  author  of  several  contributions  to  scien- 
tific   culture 4  3        590 

Squier,  Ephraim  George  (1821-88),  an  American  archaeologist ;  notable 
for  his  study  of  discoveries  in  ancient  mounds,  and  his  works 
on  Central  America  and   Peru 43        503 

Dexter,  Henry  M.  (1821-90),  a  religious  journalist  in  Boston,  from 
1867;  writer  on  New  England  history,  especially  that  of  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers  and  of  Congregationalism 42        143 

Copp6e,  Henry  (1821-95),  an  American  educator,  university  professor 
of  English  literature  and  history,  and  author  of  important  edu- 
cational and  military  works 42        120 

Allen  Joseph  Henry  (1821-98),  an  eminent  American  scholar.  Review 
editor,  author  of  classical  text-books,  and  of  works  on  church 
history 42  14 

Blackwell,  Elizabeth    (1821-),    a    noted    medical    and   ethical   writer, 

physician,  and  woman's   rights  advocate 42         62 

Eliot,  Samuel  (1821-),   an    American   scholar  in    history  and  political 

science,  author  of  valuable  historical  publications 42        166 

De  Peyster,  John  Watts  (1821-),  an  author  of  numerous  historical 
monographs  and  articles  in  periodicals,  on  American  history 
topics • 42        140 

Diaz,  Mrs.  Abby  (1821-),  a  story-writer  and  social  reformer;  author  of 
excellent  books  for  children,  and  of  earnest  discussions  of  so- 
cial problems 42        143 

Read,   T.   B.   (1822-72),  a   Philadelphia   poet,    author   of    < Sheridan's 

Ride > 30   1 2094-102 

Parton,  James  (1822-91),  a  journalist  of  marked  gifts;  author  of  val- 
uable biographies  of  Voltaire,  Jackson,  Jefferson,  Aaron  Burr,  and 
Horace  Greeley 28   11 123-42 

Field,  Henry  M.  (1822-),  an  American  religious  journalist  and  scholar, 

author  of  a  large  number  of  interesting  travels  and  studies  . .  .42        187 

Agassiz,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  (1822-),  an  American  biographical  and  scien- 
tific writer,  chief  promoter  of  the  establishment  of  Radcliffe 
College  for  women 42  7 

Hale,  E.  E.  (1822-),  a  Unitarian  preacher;  active  and  zealous  humani- 
tarian; author  of  the  magazine  article,  <A  Man  Without  a 
Country,^  and  of  numerous  and  varied  works 17  6821-30 

Johnston,  R.  M.  (1822-),  an  essayist,  biographer  of  A.  H.  Stephens,  and 

novelist ;  notable  for  fine  dealing  with  Georgia  life  and  character  .21   83 1 7-30 

Mitchell,  D.  G.  (1822-),  the  «Ik  Marvel »  of  <The  Reveries  of  a  Bach- 

elor>  and  other  popular  books 25   roi  10-22 

Baird,  Spencer  F.  (1823-87),  distinguished  naturalist,  professor,  sec- 
retary of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  author  of  important 
writings  on  North- American  natural  history 42         37 


clxxxviii  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Wasson,  David  A.  (1823-87),  a  liberal  preacher  of  the  extreme  radical 

type,  and  thoughtful  essayist 38  15683-91 

Boker,  Geo.  H.  (1823-90),  a  scholarly  author  of  polished  and  vigorous 

verse  and  of  good  plays 5  2163-68 

Parkman,  Francis  (1823-93),  the  singfularly  interesting  author  of  a 
great  series  of  works  telling  the  story  of  France  in  North 
America.  The  Library  has  twenty-three  pages  of  fine  ex- 
amples   28   H087-113 

Stoddard,  Elizabeth  B.  (1823-),  the  author   of  three  novels,  and  of  a 
volume  of   poems,  of  very   exceptional   realistic  power   and   in- 
terest  35   14013-28 

Sherman,  John  (1823-),  an  eminent  American  statesman;  author  of 
many  speeches  and  papers  of  great  value  for  American  history, 
and  of  <  Recollections  of  Forty  Years  in  the  House,  Senate, 
and  Cabinet  > 43       493 

Le  Conte,  Joseph  (1823-),  an  American  scientist,  university  profes- 
sor in  California,  author  of  important  contributions  to  geology 
and  natural  history 43        332 

Brachvogel,  Albert  Emil  (1824-78),  a  popular  dramatist  and  novelist . 4  2         71 

Curtis,  George  W.    (1824-92),    a  critic,  essayist,    editor,    orator,    and 

novelist  in  the  highest  rank  of  writers  of  the  time 10  4221-40 

Higginson,  T.  W.   (1823-),  a  versatile  essayist,  formerly  an  extreme 

liberal  preacher 18  7351-70 

Chittenden,  Lucius  E.  (1824-),  a  member  of  the  New  York  bar,  and 

author  of  valuable  recollections  and  reminiscences.  .  .  .- 42        107 

Kirk,  John  Foster  (1824-),  an  American  editor  and  historical  writer, 
author  of  the  <  History  of  Charles  the  Bold,>  and  compiler  of  an 
important  supplement  to  Allibone's  dictionary  of  English  litera- 
ture   43       306 

Gould,  Benjamin  Apthorp  (1824-96),  a  distinguished  American  astron- 
omer; from  1849  on  the  United  States  Coast  Survey;  from 
1870  to  1885  director  of  the  national  observatory  at  Cordova, 
Argentine  Republic ;  author  of  contributions  of  extreme  import- 
ance to  astronomical  science 42        227 

Lea,  Henry  Charles  (1825-),  an  American  publisher  and  historical 
scholar,  author  of  several  works  of  great  and  accurate  learning 
and  rare  discernment  in  the  field  of  mediaeval  history 43  •    331 

Taylor,  Bayard  (1825-78),  an  author  of  travels,  poems,  and  novels,  and 

translator  of  Goethe's  <Faust> 36  14518-38 

Child,  Francis  James  (1825-96),  a  university  professor  of  English  lit- 
erature at  Harvard,  author  of  an  unsurpassed  authoritative  col- 
lection of  English  and  Scottish  ballads 42        107 

Prime,   Wra.   C.  (1825-),  a  Presbyterian  journalist;  author  of  essays, 

travels,  etc 3011 820-36 

Stoddard,  Richard  H.  (1825-),  a  lyric  poet  of  very  rare  gifts,  and  an 

accomplished  critic  and  essayist ...  3  5   14029-38 

Blackwell,  Mrs.  Antoinette  (1825-),  a  writer  on  woman  suflfrage  and 

of  socialist  novels 42         62 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  clxxxix 

Hall,  Fitzedward  (1825-),  an  American  Sanskrit  scholar;  professor 
at  King's  College,  London;  and  author  of  important  Hindu 
studies 42       244 

Clark,  Henry  James  (1826-73),  an  American  naturalist,  an  associate 
in  work  of  Agassiz,  university  professor,  and  author  of  import- 
ant scientific  studies 42        no 

Bowles,  Samuel  (1826-78),  a  notable  American  journalist' 42         70 

Brace,  Charles  L.  (1826-90),  a  philanthropist  and  Christian  socialist. 42  71 

Denison,    Mrs,    Mary    A.  (1826-),    an   author  of  a  large  number   of 

stories  for  young  people 42        139 

De  Forest,  J.  W.  (1826-),  an  American  novelist  of  exceptional  dis- 
tinction in  the  quality  of  his  work 42        137 

Cooke,  Rose  Terry  (1827-92),  a  very  gifted  woman,  author  of  poems 

and  stories  of  New  England  life 10  3973-84 

Whitney,  William  Dwight  (1827-94),  an  eminent  American  scholar 
in  Sanskrit  and  kindred  studies,  university  professor  at  Yale, 
author  of  works  of  great  importance  for  knowledge  of  language.  43        572 

Cooke,  Josiah  Parsons  (1827-94),  an  eminent  American  chemist;  uni- 
versity professor  at  Harvard;  author  of  valuable  expositions  of 
his  science,  and  of  science  in  relation  with  religion 42        119 

Norton,    Charles    Eliot    (1827-),    an    eminent    Harvard    professor,    a 

scholar  in  art,  and  a  Dante  critic  and  translator 27   10707-23 

Wallace,  Lewis  (1827-),  the  author  of  <Ben-Hur> 38   15531-54 

Dix,  Morgan  (1827-),  an  American  divine;  from  1862  rector  of 
Trinity  parish.  New  York;  author  of  biographical,  religious, 
and  art  writings 42        146 

Bascom,  John  (1827-),  an  American  educator,  university  president,  and 

philosophical  writer 42         46 

Atkinson,  Edward  (1827-),  an  eminent  American  political  economist 

and  writer  on  finance 42  28 

Martin,  W,  A.  P.  (1827-),  an  eminent  American  educator;  in  China, 
since  1850;  college  president  at  Pekin;  and  author  of  works  of 
.  great  value  for  our  knowledge  of  China  and  the  Chinese 43        371 

Fisher,  George  P.  (1827-),  an  American  divine,  professor  of  ecclesi- 
astical history  at  Yale,  and  author  of  valuable  religious  studies 
and  historical  manuals 42        190 

Clarke,  Richard  H.  (1827-),  American  author  of  notable  works  on 
the  history  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  America,  of  a  study  of 
socialism,  and  of  biographies  of  Commodore  John  Barry  and 
Sebastian  Rale 42        in 

Winthrop,  Theodore  (1828-61),  a  writer  of  fresh  and  bright  novels; 

cut  off  early  by  the  Civil  War 39  16075-89 

O'Brien,  Fitz- James  (1828-62),  a  New  York  Irish  « Bohemian, »  au- 
thor of  dramas  and  magazine  articles  in  the  years  1853-58.  .27   10733-44 

De  Leon,  Edwin  (1828-91).  an  American  journalist,  consul-general  in 

Egypt  eight  years,  and  author  of  travels  and  novels 42        137 

Stillman,  Wm.  J.  (1828-),  a  writer  of  travels  and  of  magazine  articles 

on  art  or  politics 35   13977-90 


Cxc  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Boardman,   George   Dana    (1828-),   an  eminent  religious    writer  and 

preacher 42         64 

Baird,  Charles  W.  (1828-81),  an  American  divine,  religious  writer,  and 

author  of  the  <  History  of  the  Huguenot  Emigration  to  America  >.  4  2         37 

Blackburn,  Wm.    M.    (1828-),    a   Presbyterian    divine,    educator,  and 

historical  writer 42         61 

Woodrow,  James  (1828-),  an  eminent  American  divine  and  educator; 
president,  from  1891,  of  South  Carolina  College;  author  of  contri- 
butions to  recent  science' 4  3       583 

Thayer,  Joseph  Henry  (1828-),  an  American  divine,  biblical  scholar, 

and  author  of  important  writings  in  aid  of  biblical  study 43        521 

Corson,  Hiram  (1828-),  a  university  professor  of  the  English  language 
and  literature,  author  of  valuable  publications  in  aid  of  English 
literary  study 42        121 

Cook,   Clarence   C.   (1828-),    an   American    art  critic  and  journalist, 

editor  of  a  translation  of  Liibke's  <  History  of  Art  > 42        118 

Timrod,  Henry  (1829-67),  a  pioneer  Southern   poet  whose   work  was 

of  fine  quality 3  7   14961-64 

Lamb,  Mrs.  Martha  (1829-93),  an  American  historical  writer  and  ed- 
itor, notable  as  author  of  ^History  of  the  City  of  New  York>.  .43        322 

Angell,  James  B.   (1829-),  an  eminent  educator,  university  president, 

and  diplomat;  writer  on  French  literature  and  international  law.  42         20 

Warner,  Charles  Dudley  (1829-),  an  American  journalist,  literary  critic, 
and  editor  of  distinction;  author  of  sketches,  studies,  biogra- 
phies, notes  of  travel,  novels,  and  essays,  of  notable  interest; 
editor  of  <  Library  of  the  World's  Best  Literature  > 43        562 

Mitchell,  Dr.  S.  Weir  (1829-),  a  writer  of  poems  and  of  novels  dealing 

with  Quaker  life  and  war  life 25  10123-42 

Schurz,  Carl  (1829-),  an  American  statesman,  orator,  and  journalist  of 

distinction;  brilliantly  powerful  in  political  oratory 33    12974-94 

Hayne,  Paul  H.  (1830-86),   a  poet  of  the   South,  whose  descriptive, 

reflective,  or  dramatic  verse  had  marked  success 18    71 10-14 

Cooke,   John   Esten   (1830-86),   a  noted  Virginian  author  of  stories, 

sketches,  biographies,  and  a  history  of  Virginia  42        119 

Orton,  James  (1830-77),  an  American  naturalist  and  traveler,  conduc- 
tor of  exploring  expeditions  in  South  America,  and  author  of 
important  contributions  to  natural    history 43       410 

Asmus,  Georg  (1830-92),  a  German-American   poet   and  humorist ...  4  2         27 

Blaine,  James  G.  (1830-93),  an   eminent   political  writer,  orator,  and 

statesman 42  62 

McPherson,  Ed-ward  (1830-95),  an  American  political  writer;  author 
of  important  contributions  to  the  study  of  politics,  and  the  po- 
litical history  of  the  United   States 43       361 

Munger,  Theodore  T.  (1830-),  a  scholarly  American  divine  and  lib- 
eral thinker ;  author  of  writings  in  exposition  of  broad  progress- 
ive theology,  and  of  attractive  popular  character 43        397 

Clarke,  Mary  Bayard  (1830-),   an   American  North    Carolina   author 

of   poems,  war  lyrics,  reminiscences,  and  translations 42        iii 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  CXci 

Harrisse,  Henri  (1830-),  an  American  historical  writer  of  Russian- 
Hebrew  parentage,  author  of  historical  researches  in  the  early 
history  of   North   America 42        250 

Booth,    Mary  Louise  (1831-89),    a  translator  of  histories  and  novels, 

and  editor  of  Harper's  Bazaar  (1867-89) 42         67 

Badeau,    Adam   (1831-95),  a  military  secretary  to  General  Grant   and 

author  of  military  historical  works 42  35 

Winsor,  Justin  (1831-97),  an  eminent  American  librarian  of  the  Bos- 
ton Public  Library,  1868-77,  and  of  Harvard  University,  1877- 
97 ;  author  or  principal  editor  of  a  series  of  most  important 
contributions  to  American   history 43        580 

Godkin,  E.    L.    (1831-),    a   journalist    of    distinction    in    New  York; 

founder  of   The  Nation,  and  editor  of  the  Evening  Post 16  6373-84 

Jackson,  Mrs.  Helen  F.  (1831-85),  a  brilliant  writer  of  poems,  nov- 
els, stories,   and  essays 20  8057-70 

Marsh,  Othniel  Charles  (1831-),  an  eminent  American  palaeontolo- 
gist, university  professor  at  Yale  from  1866,  extraordinarily 
successful  explorer  for  fossil  remains  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
collector  of  one  of  the  most  remarkable  geological  museums 
ever  made,  and  author  of  a  large  number  of  writings  unsur- 
passed in  their  interest  as  contributions  to  science 43        370 

Johnston,  William  P.  (1831-),  an  American  educator,  university  presi- 
dent, and  author  of  interesting  biographical  and  critical  studies.  .  42        291 

Gildersleeve,  Basil  L.  (1831-),  an  American  classical  scholar;  univer- 
sity professor  in  Virginia,  1856  to  1876,  and  afterwards  Johns 
Hopkins;  author  of  valuable  classical  studies  and  translations.  .42        217 

Oilman,  Daniel  Coit  (1831-),  an  eminent  American  educator,  since 
1875  president  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  author  of  numer- 
ous scientific  and  educational  studies 42        218 

Barr,  Amelia  E.  (1831-),  an   Anglo-American   novelist   of  great  and 

just  popularity 42  43 

Hayes,  Isaac  Israel  (1832-81),  an  American  Arctic  explorer,  and  au- 
thor of  stories  of  exploration  and  discovery 42        254 

Alcott,  Louisa  M.  (1832-88),  a  very  pleasing  and  successful  writer  of 

young  folks'  books  of  the  best  class i     282-94 

Bissell,   Edwin    Cone    (1832-94),    religious    and    biblical   writer,    and 

divinity  school  professor 42         60 

Cesnola,  Count  Luigi  (1832-),  noted  American- Italian  archaeologist, 
discoverer,  and  author  of  the  art  story  of  the  antiquities  of  an- 
cient Cyprus 42        loi 

Conway,  Moncure  Daniel  (1832-),  an  extreme  radical  religionist  of 
very  varied  literary  activity;  author  of  studies  in  biography, 
history,  and  religion 42        118 

Bancroft,  H.  H.  (1832-),  an  American  historian  distinguished  for  his 
collection  of  materials  for,  and  execution  of,  a  history  of  the 
Pacific  States 42         40 

Nicolay,  John  George  (1832-),  an  American  journalist  and  histori- 
cal   writer   of    Bavarian    birth,    private    secretary   of    President 


Cxcii  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Lincoln,  and  author,  jointly  with  John  Hay,  of  <  Abraham  Lin- 
coln :    A  History  > 43        404 

Blyden,  Edward  W.  (1832-),  an  eminent  negro  scholar,  educator,  and 

author 42         64 

Baird,  Henry  M.  (1832-),  the  historian  of  that  Protestant  movement 
in  the  history  of  France  which  is  marked  by  the  name  <<  Hugue- 
not » 3  1272-76 

White,  Andre'w  D.  (1832-),  an  eminent  university  teacher  and  presi- 
dent; author  of  valuable  aids  to  historical  study,  and  of  <  His- 
tory of  .the  Warfare  of  Science  with  Theology* 39  15851-66 

Mulford,  Elisha  (1833-85),  an  Episcopal  clergyman  of  the  advanced 
school,  divinity  professor  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  author  of 
<The  Nation, >  an  able  study  of  the  fundamentals  of  politics. 26   10415-24 

Stedman,  Edmund   C.   (1833-;,  ^  poet,  critic  of  poetry,  and  literary 

essayist,  of  rarely  equaled  excellence 35   13857-74 

Drake,  Samuel  Adams  (1833-),  an  American  journalist  and  author  of 

important  contributions  to  early  American  history 42        151 

Smalley,  George  Washburn  (1833-),  an  eminent  American  journal- 
ist, author  of  journalistic  and  other  studies  of  great  literary 
and  historical  value 43       496 

Ingersoll,  Robert  Green  (1833-),  an  American  lawyer,  popular  orator, 

and  lecturer ;  an  exponent  of  extreme  radicalism  in  religion  ...  4  2        284 

Furness,  Horace  Howard  (1833-),  eminent  American  Shakespearean 
scholar,  editor  of  an  exhaustive  New  Variorum  Edition  of 
Shakespeare 42       205 

Clarke,  Rebecca  Sophia  (1833-),  an  American  novelist,  author  of  a 

great  number  of  popular  stories  for  children 42        in 

Browne,  C.  F.  ("Artemus  Ward**)  (1834-67),  a  notable  humorist  writer 

and  lecturer 6   2461-72 

Eliot,  Charles  W.  (1834-),  eminent  American  educator,  and  president 
of  Harvard  University ;  author  of  important  writings  on  education 
and  questions  of  the  day 42        166 

Young,  Charles  Augustus  (1834-),  an  eminent  American  astronomer, 
university  professor  at  Princeton  from  1878,  author  of  import- 
ant scientific  works 43        590 

Gibbons,  James,  Cardinal  (1834-),  an  American  Catholic  prelate  of 
great  distinction,  author  of  valuable  secular  and  religious 
studies 42       215 

Champlin,  John  D.  (1834-),  an  American  miscellaneous  writer;  assistant 
editor  of  the  American  Cyclopaedia ;  compiler  of  the  Cyclopaedia 
of  Painters  and  Paintings,  and  the  Cyclopaedia  of  Music  and 
Musicians 42        102 

White,  Horace  (1834-),  an  American  journalist,  economist,  and 
monetary  writer;  author  of  valuable  books,  pamphlets,  and  ad- 
dresses on  questions  of  finance,  banking,  monetary  theory,  and 
political  economy 43        571 

Stockton,    Frank    R.  (1834-),  a  humorist  story-writer,  unique  among 

makers  of  humorous  fiction 35   13991-4012 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  CXCiii 

Brooks,  Phillips  (1835-93),  one  of  the  greatest  preachers  of  his  time, 
in  America  and  in  England ;  broadly  humanist  in  theology ;  a 
typical  humanitarian  and  philanthropist 6  2417-24 

Spofford,  Harriet  P.  (1835-),  an  author  of  poems,  ballads,  novels,  and 

essays  of  very  high  literary  quality 35   13805-22 

Clemens,  Samuel  L.  (1835-),  the  celebrated  humorist  «Mark  Twain, » 
author  of  comic  travels  and  novels.  The  Library  gives  thirty 
pages  of  fine  humorous  readings .9  3787-820 

Abbott,  Lyman  (183 5-),  an  advanced  religious  editor  and  author,  pul- 
pit successor  to  Henry  Ward  Beecher 42  2 

Adams,  Charles  Kendall  (183 5-),  an  eminent  American  educator,  uni- 
versity president,  encyclopaedia  editor,  and  author  of  valuable 
historical  works 42  4 

Adams,  Charles  Francis,  Jr.  (1835-),  a  publicist,  political  and  historical 

writer,  lawyer,  and  railway  manager  of  distinction 42  4 

Adams,  Henry  (1838-),  historian  of  the  Jefferson  and  Madison  ad- 
ministrations   I     109-26 

Ward,  William  Hayes  (1835-),  an  eminent  American  journalist;  from 
1868  editor  of  the  Independent;  an  eminent  Assyriologist ;  and 
author  of  numerous  contributions  to  Oriental  archaeology,  marked 
by  great  and  accurate  learning 43        561 

Newcomb,  Simon  (1835-),  an  American  astronomer  of  distinction,  au- 
thor of  important  and  popular  mathematical  and  astronomical 
text-books 43       402 

Wilson,  James   Grant   (1835-),  an  American  author  of  historical  and 

biographical  studies,  and  the  chief  editor  of  <Appleton's  Cyclo-  ' 

paedia  of  American  Biography  > 43        578 

Tyler,  Moses  Coit  (183 5-),  an  American  educator  and  literary  histo- 
rian, university  professor  at  Michigan  and  Cornell,  author  of  an 
important  history  of  American  literature  through  the  Colonial 
and  Revolutionary  periods 43        535 

Du  Chaillu,   Paul  B.   (1835-),  a  French-American  explorer;  author  of 

important  travels,  historical  studies,  and  books  for  the  young.  .42        154 

Elder,  Susan  Blanchard  (1835-),  an  American  Catholic  poetic  and 
dramatic  writer;  author  of  dramas,  devotional  poems,  and  stud- 
ies   42        166 

Agassiz,  Alexander  (1835-),  an  eminent  American  zoologist  and  geol- 
ogist, notable  for  munificent  development  of  the  Museum  of 
Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  University  (1873-85) 42  6 

Harris,  Wm.  T.  (1835-),  an  eminent  American  educational  and  philo- 
sophical authority,  author  of  able  studies  in  philosophy 42        249 

Gladden,  Washington  (1836-),  an  American  divine  of  broadly  liberal 
views;  author  of  important  religious,  social,  and  economic 
studies 42        220 

Buckley,  James  Monroe  (1836-),  a  Methodist  journalist  and  author  of 

distinction 42         81 

Delmar,  Alexander  (1836-),  a  political  economist,  writer  on  money  and 

on  banking,  and  Review  editor 42       138 

13 


Cxciv  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Toy,  Crawford  Howell  (1836-),  an  American  biblical  and  historical 
scholar,  university  professor  at  Harvard,  author  of  important 
studies  in  Jewish  and  Christian  history 43       530 

Church,  William  C.  (1836-);  Francis  P.  (1839-),  journalists,  founders 
of  the  Army  and  Navy  Journal,  and  of  the  Galaxy  Magazine; 
the  elder  author  of  a  notable  <  Biography  of  General  Grant  > .  .  .42        109 

Alden,  Henry  M.   (1836-),  an  eminent  magazine  editor  and   religious 

writer,  marked  by  rare  quality  in  both  thought  and  style i    303-12 

Aldrich,  Thomas  B.  (1836-),  magazine  editor,  story-writer,  and  a 
poet  of  rare  distinction.  The  Library  gives  thirty -eight  pages 
of   most  interesting  examples i     312-48 

Thaxter,  Celia  (1836-94),  a  poet  of  the   New  England  sea  and   sky 

and   isles 37  14760-68 

Muir,  John  (1836-),  a  Scotch- American  of  high  distinction  for  splen- 
did prose  pictures  of  the  grand  scenery  of  the  Pacific  West. 
The  Library  has,  as  an  eight-page  example,  <  A  Wind  Storm  in 
the  Forest  > 26  10405-14 

Winter,  William  (1836-),  a  poet,  essayist,  and  dramatic  critic;  not- 
able for  rare  thought,  strenuous  moral  and  human  interest, 
and  literary  refinement » 39  16061-74 

Allan,  William  (1837-89),  an  author  of  works  giving  the  Confederate 

history  of   the   Civil  War 42  14 

Burroughs,  John  (1837-),  a  New  England  literary  naturalist,  essayist, 

and  critic,  of  rare  interest  and  charm 7  2867-82 

Eggleston,    Edw^ard     (1837-),  an    Indiana   novelist;    author    of    <The 

Hoosier  Schoolmaster, >  and  of   studies  in  American  history  ..13   5215-24 

Benjamin,  Samuel  G.  W.  ,(1837-)  a  diplomat,  artist,  and  traveler ...  4  2         54 

Dolbear,  A.  E.  (1837-),  an  American  physicist,  college  professor,  and 

author  of  scientific  expositions 42        148 

Sewall,  Frank  (1837-),  an  American  writer;  author  of  Swedenborgian 
religious  works,  and  of  remarkably  successful  translations  and 
studies  of  Carducci 43       490 

Brinton,  Daniel  G.  (1837-),  an  eminent  archaeologist,  and  ethnologist .  4  2         75 

Howells,  W.  D.  (1837-),  a  magazine  writer  and  editor,  novelist  not- 
able for  realism,  essayist,  and  poet.  The  Library  gives  thirty- 
nine  pages  of  examples,  with  a  full  story  of  his  life 19  7653-94 

Hay,  John  (1838-),  a  journalist  and  diplomat;  author  of  <  Castilian 
Days,>  and  poems,  and,  with  J.  G.  Nicolay,  *■  Life  of  Abraham 
Lincoln  > 18  7097-109 

Morse,  Edward  Sylvester  (1838-),  a  distinguished  American  biologist; 
president  of  the  Peabody  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Salem,  Mas- 
sachusetts ;  professor  at  Tokio,  Japan ;  author  of  works  in  natural 
history,  and  of  notable  Japanese  studies 43       392 

Curtin,  Jeremiah  (1838-),  an  American  linguist  and  antiquarian  writer, 
proficient  in  the  Slavic  tongues,  Czech,  Russian,  and  Polish; 
author  of  valuable  studies  of  myths  and  folk  lore 42        127 

Daly,  John  Aug.  (1838-),  a  dramatic  author  and  proprietor,  notably  suc- 
cessful in  both  England  and  America 42       130 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  CXCV 

Billings,  John  Shaw  (1838-),  an  eminent  medical  writer  and  librarian.  42         60 

Lounsbury,  Thomas  R.  (1838-),  an  American  scholar  of  distinction  in 
English  literature,  professor  at  the  Scientific  School  of  Yale 
University,  and  notable  for  a  great  work  on  the  life  and  writ- 
ings of  Chaucer 43       35^ 

Audsley,  George  A.  (183  8-),  a  Scottish-American  architect  and  writer 

on  art     42         29 

Allen,  Joel  Asaph  (1838-),  an  American  naturalist;  member  of  scientific 
expeditions;  museum  curator  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts;  and 
part  author  of  important  natural  history  works 42  14 

Beard,  George  M.  (1839-83),  a  medical  and  hygienic  writer ;  author  of 

works  on  spiritualism,  hypnotism,  and  stimulants 42         48 

Schouler,  James  (1839-),  an  American  historian  and  lawyer;  author 
of  legal  text-books,  and  of  a  valuable  <  History  of  the  United 
States  under  the  Constitution  > 43        485 

Goodale,  George  Lincoln  (1839-),  an  American  botanist,  university 
professor  at  Harvard  since  1872,  author  of  important  works  for 
botanical  instruction 42        225 

Bickmore,    Albert    S.    (1839-),    a   naturalist,    author   of   travels,  and 

popular  lecturer  on  science 42  58 

Buck,  Dudley  (1839-),  an  organist,  composer,  and  musical  author  ...  .42         81 

Harte,  Bret  (1839-),  a  brilliant  author  of  humorous  California  poems 

and  sketches,  and  of  a  California  novel,  <  Gabriel  Conroy>.  .17  6985-7013 

Dodge,  Mary  Mapes  (1840-),  the  accomplished  editor  of  the  St.  Nicho- 
las Magazine;  author  of  <Hans  Brinker,>  and  other  delightful 
stories,  and  of  volumes  of  verse  for  young  folks 12  4757-70 

Mahan,  Capt.  A.  T.   (1840-),   a  notably   interesting   writer  on  naval 

history,  and  author  of  a  <  Life  of  Admiral  Farragut* 24  9580-88 

Conyngham,   David  Power    (1840-83),    an    Irish-American   journalist 

of  New  York,  author  of  historical  works  and  Irish  novels 42        118 

Walker,  Francis  A.  (1840-97),  an  American  political  economist  of 
distinction;  president  of  the  Institute  of  Technology  at  Boston; 
author  of  an  important  series  of  economic,  social,  and  monetary 
studies 43        556 

Spalding,  John  Lancaster  (1840-),  an  American  Catholic  prelate  of 
distinction  in  educational  matters;  widely  known  as  an  author 
of  poems,  biographical  and  religfious  studies,  and  essays 43        501 

Newton,  Richard  Heber  (1840-),  an  American  clergyman  and  religious 
writer,  a  churchman  of  advanced  views,  author  of  works  keenly 
critical  of  the  present  condition  of  both  church  and  society.  .  .  .43       403 

Cox,  Palmer  (1840-),  an  American  artist  and  writer,  author  of  very 

popular  books  of  humorous  pictures  and  verse  for  children  ...  .42        123 

Sumner,  William  G.  (1840-),  an  American  writer  on  political  and 
social  science;  university  professor  at  Yale  since  1872;  author 
of  studies  in  political,  economic,  and  monetary  science  of  spe- 
cial importance  and  value 43        511 

Dodge,  Mary  E.  M.  (1840-),  an  American  editor,  author,  and  poet; 

notable  for  books  of  value  for  young  readers 42        148 


CXCvi  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Wright,  Carroll  D.  (1840-),  an  eminent  American  contributor  to  po- 
litical science;  from  1885  United  States  Commissioner  of  Labor; 
author  of  a  large  body  of  writings  of  economic  and  political 
interest 43        585 

Davidson,  Thomas  (1840-),  a  Scottish- American  author  of  historical 

and  critical  works  on  philosophy  and  education 42        134 

Stanley,  Henry  M.  (1841-),  a  celebrated  American  journalist  and  ex- 
plorer, of  Welsh  birth;  author  of  a  series  of  works  of  the  first 
importance  for  the  history  of  exploration  in  Africa 43        503 

Briggs,  C.  A.  (1841-),  a  Presbyterian  divinity  school  professor,  ad- 
vocate of  higher  criticism  of  the  Bible 42         74 

Alden,  Isabella  (1841-),  an  author  of  some  sixty  books  for  children. 42  11 

Young,  John  Russell  (1841-),  an  American  journalist,  author  of  travels 

with  General  Grant,  now  librarian  of  Congress 43        590 

Sargent,  Charles  Sprague  (1841-),  an  American  botanist;  university 
professor  at  Harvard ;  author  of  authoritative  reports  and  books, 
including  a  great  work  on  the  trees  of  North  America 43       480 

Allen,  Alexander  V.  G.  (1841-),  an  ecclesiastical  historian;  professor 
at  Episcopal  divinity  school,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  and 
author  of  works  on  church  history 42  14 

Miller,  Joaquin    (1841-),  a  singularly  fresh,   original,  and  interesting 

poet  of  the  Pacific  West 25  10027-36 

Sill,  Edward  R.  (1841-87),  a  poet  of  rare  ethical  and  aesthetic  in- 
terest  34   13439-44 

Snider,  Denton  J.  (1841-),  an  author  of  travels  in  Greece,  and  other 
works  of  sympathy  with  Greek  ideals  in  culture.  The  Library 
has  his  <  Battle  of  Marathon,^  in  twenty-four  pages 34  13601-26 

Lanier,  Sidney  (1842-81),  a  most  genuine  poet,  and  a  most  able  literary 

critic;  professor  and  lecturer  at  Johns  Hopkins  University..  .22  8891-902 

Fiske,  John  (1842-),  an  eminent  expositor  of  Herbert  Spencer  and 
Darwin,  and  a  writer,  on  American  history,  of  the  highest  dis- 
tinction. The  Library  gives,  in  sixteed  pages,  Mr.  Fiske's  ad- 
mirable story  of  Magellan 14  5777-96 

Ladd,  George  T.  (1842-),  an  American  educator  and  philosophical 
writer,  university  professor  at  Yale,  and  author  of  important 
writings  on  physiological  psychology 43        320 

King,  Clarence  (1842-),  an  American  geologist,  geological  surveyor, 
and  author  of  scientific  and  literary  studies  and  sketches  of  great 
interest 43       304 

James,  William  (1842-),  an  eminent  American  scholar  and  educator, 
a  university  professor,  and  author  of  important  contributions  to 
educational  science 42        287 

Fosdick,  Charles  Austin  (1842-),  an  American  author  of  contributions 

to  periodicals,  and  of  a  large  number  of  books  for  boys 42        197 

Coues,  Elliott  (1842-),  an  American  naturalist,  author,  and  editor  of 

important  contributions  to  natural  history 42        122 

James,  Henry  (1843-),  a  novelist  of  high  originality  and  brilliant 
power,  and  an  essayist  notable  for  stimulating  thought  and  rare 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  CXCvii 

literary  art.  The  library  has,  in  full,  his  <The  Madonna  of  the 
Future,*  in  thirty-five  pages 20  8071-109 

MacGahan,  J.  A.  (1844-78),  a  noted  American  journalist  and  corre- 
spondent; author,  in  a  series  of  war  letters,  of  a  most  effective 
exposure  of  Turkish  atrocities  in  Bulgaria;  esteemed  by  the 
Bulgarians  as  one  of  the  chief  authors  of  their  independence 43        359 

O'Reilly,  John  B.  (1844-90),  a  journalist  and  poet  of  high  representa- 
tive character  as  a  Boston  Irish-American 27   10857-64 

Andrews,  Elisha  B.  (1844-),  an  American  historical  and  economical 

writer,  president  of  Brown  University 42  19 

Greely,  Adolphus  W.  (1844-),  an  American  soldier  and  Arctic  ex- 
plorer, author  of  important  reports  of  Arctic  travel  and  experi- 
ence   42        231 

Adams,  Francis  Colburn,  an  American  writer  of  prominence  in  the 
South  at  the  time  of  the  Civil  War,  author  of  works  reflecting 
contemporary  lives 42  4 

Ward,  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps  (1844-),  author  of  the  phenomenally 
successful  <The  Gates  Ajar,>  and  of  other  religio-humanist 
works  of  popular  interest 38   1 5623-40 

Cable,  George  W.  (1844-),  a  writer  of  stories   of  the  Creole  life   of 

the  South,  very  remarkable  for  dramatic  and  pictorial  power.  .7  3017-36 

Gilder,  R.  W.  (1844-),  ^  lyric  poet  of  rare  imaginative  power;  editor, 

since  1881,  of  the  Century  Magazine 16  6347-54 

Carleton,  Will  (1845-),  an  American   poet  especially   known  for  his 

ballads  of  home  life 42         94 

Mabie,  Hamilton  Wright  (1845-),  an  American  religious  journalist 
and  essayist,  author  of  books  representative  of  wide  literary 
sympathy  and  the  better  culture  of  the  time 43        356 

Kennan,  George  (1845-),  a  noted  traveler  and  lecturer,  author  of 
critical  studies  of  the  criminal  administration  of  Russia  in  con- 
nection with  Siberia 43        300 

Woolsey,  Sarah  Chauncey  (1845-),  a  popular  writer  under  the  name 
of  « Susan  Coolidge,'*  of  very  superior  books  for  children,  and 
of  historical  and  literary  studies 43        584 

Allen,  Fred  Hovey  (1845-),  an   author  of  several  popular  art  works, 

and  of  the  histories  of  the  Conquest  of  Peru  and  Mexico 42         14 

Dall,  W.  H.  (1845-),  a  naturahst,  and  author  of  a  long  list  of  scien- 
tific reports  and  articles 42        129 

Anderson,  Rasmus  B.  (1846-),  an  American-Norwegian  professor,  and 

author  of  books  of  Scandinavian  interest 42  19 

Holden,  Edward  S.  (1846-),  a  prominent  American  educator  and  uni- 
versity president ;   author  of  important  scientific  studies 42        269 

Ha'wthorne,  Julian  (1846-),  a  popular  novelist,  and  writer  for  journals 

in  New  York 17  7041-52 

Bowne,  Borden  P.  (1847-),  a  professor  of  philosophy  at  Boston  Uni- 
versity (1876-) 42  70 

Catherwood,  Mary  H.  (1847-),  an  author  of  historical  romances  de- 
picting scenes  in  the  early  Northwest 42         98 


CXCviii  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Hardy,  Arthur  S.  (1847-),  a  poet,  novelist,  and  scientific  school  pro- 
fessor at  Dartmouth  College 17  6925-32 

Woolson,  Constance  F.  (1848-94),  a  writer  of  most  wholesome  and 
interesting  novels  and  stories.  The  Library  gives  twenty-six 
pages  of  fine  examples 3  9  16165-92 

Boyesen,  H.  H.  (1848-95),  a  Norwegian  of  genius  and  literary  dis- 
tinction, transplanted  to  America 5  2272-78 

Harris,  Joel  Chandler  (1848-),  author  of  <  Uncle   Remus,  >  and  other 

plantation  negro  stories  of  high  literary  quality 17  6961-74 

Rhodes,  James  Ford  (1848-),  author  of  a  <  History  of  the  United 
States  from  the  Compromise  of  1850,*  a  work  of  conscientious 
and  painstaking  scholarship 31   12206-24 

Astor,    William  Waldorf  (1848-),   an  American  author  of  historical 

romances,  and  English  magazine  editor 42         28 

Bowker,  R.  R.  (1848-),  a  bibliographer,  economist  and  editor 42         70 

Adams,  Brooks  (1848-),  an  American  historical  writer  and  essayist. 4 2  4 

De  Kay,  Charles  (1848-),  an  author  of  poems  on  themes  from  Orien- 
tal, classical,  and  literary  history,  and  of  biographical  studies. 42        137 

Burnett,  Mrs.  Frances  H.  (1849-),  a  writer  of  novels  and  stories,  au- 
thor of  <  Little  Lord  Fauntleroy  > 7  2809-16 

Benjamin,    Park    (184 9-),    a   lawyer,    scientific    editor,  and  writer  on 

electricity 29         53 

Williams,  George  W.  (1849-),  an  American  negro  soldier  and  writer, 
author  of  valuable  contributions  to  the  history  of  the  Civil 
War 45        576 

Janvier,  Thomas  A.  (1849-),  a  writer  of  sketches,  romances,  travels, 
and  essays,  humorous  and  sympathetic.  The  Library  has  an 
example  twenty-five  pages  in  length 20  81 17-44 

Jewett,  Sarah  O.  (1849-),  an  author  of  novels  of  New  England  rural 

and  village  life,  of   fine  interest  and  rare  humor 21  8269-82 

Allen,  James  Lane  (1850-),  a  writer  of  tales  and  novels,  at  once  po- 
etic in  touch  and  closely  realistic i    409-28 

Sloane,  William  M.  (1850-),  an  American  historical  writer,  uni- 
versity professor  at  Princeton  and  at  Columbia,  author  of  a 
very  important  <  Life  of  Napoleon  ^ 43       496 

Adams,  Herbert  Baxter  (1850-),  an  American  historical  scholar  of 
distinction,  professor  at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  and  editor 
of  important  historical  works 42  5 

Greene,  Francis  V.  (1850-),  an  American  soldier ;  author  of  Observa- 
tions with  the  Russian  Army  in  1877-78,  of  a  <Life  of  Nathaniel 
Greene, >  and  of  <  The  Mississippi  > 42        232 

Lanman,  Charles  Rockwell  (1850-),  an  eminent  American  Sanskrit 
scholar,  university  professor  at  Harvard,  and  author  of  im- 
portant studies  in  Oriental  language  and  literature 43        326 

Curtis,    William    E.  (1850-),    an   American  journalist  and  writer   of 

travels  in  Spanish  America,  Russia,   and  Japan 42        127 

Lodge,  Henry  Cabot  (1850-),  an  American  political  leader  of  excep- 
tional literary   resources;  author  of  Lives  of  Daniel  Webster, 


AMERICAN   LITERATURE  Cxcix 

Alexander   Hamilton,    and   George   Washington,    and   of  other 
important  historical  studies 43        347 

Murfree,    Mary    N.    (1850-),   a  writer   of   novels   of  Tennessee  life, 

vigorously  real  and  dramatic 26  10453-72 

Field,  Eugene  (1850-95),  a  journalist;  author  of  tales,  sketches,  and 
poems;  a  capital  humorist;  and  a  veritable  Shakespeare  of  verse 
for  little  folks 14   5687-92 

Hearn,     Lafcadio    (1850-),    a    Greek-English    American     journalist; 

author  of  stories,  tales,  and  travels  extremely  rich  in  interest.  18   7131-52 

Goode,  George  Brown  (1851-96),  an  American  ichthyologist,  an  ex- 
tensive and  accurate  writer  of  papers  and  works  on  ichthyolog- 
ical  and  other  natural  history  topics 42        225 

Jordan,  David  Starr  (1851-),  an  eminent  American  naturalist  and 
educator,  university  president,  and  author  of  valuable  contribu- 
tions to  recent  science 42        292 

Adams,  George  Burton  (1851-),  an  American  university  professor,  and 

author  of  historical  studies 42  4 

Adams,  Henry  Carter  (1852-),  an  American  university  professor,  and 

writer  on  political  economy 42  5 

Egan,  Maurice  Francis  (1852-),  an  American  essayist;  university  pro- 
fessor of  English  literature  at  the  Catholic  University,  Washing- 
ton ;  author  of  volumes  of  poems,  lectures,  and  criticisms 42        164 

McMaster,    John   B.    (1852-),    a  university  professor,   and  author  of 

<  History  of  the  People  of  the  United  States  > 24  9503-14 

Riley,  James  W.  (1852-),  a  Western  American  dialect  poet,  author  of 

homely  and  heartfelt  songs  of  the  common  people 31   12265-72 

Van  Dyke,  Henry  (1852-),  an   intellectually  brilliant  preacher,  poet, 

and  essayist  of  New  York 37  15237-47 

Ely,  Richard  T.  (1854-),  an  American  political  economist  and  uni- 
versity professor,  author  of  valuable  and  popular  studies  in 
socialism  and  economics 42        169 

Schurman,  Jacob  Gould  (1854-),  an  American  professor  of  philosophy, 
and  later  president  at  Cornell  University;  author  of  import- 
ant philosophical  and  religious  studies 43         486 

Crawford,  Francis  M.  (1854-),  a  versatile  and  extraordinarily  success- 
ful author  of  high-class  novels 10  4151-66 

Page,  Thomas  N.  (1854-),  an  author  of  tales  and  sketches  of  negro 
and  white  life  in  the  South  under  slavery  —  pathetic,  humorous, 
and  admirably  pictorial.  The  Library  has  twenty  pages  of 
delightful  examples a  8    10937-60 

Thomas,  Edith  M.  (1854-),  a  Western  American  writer  of  verse  show- 
ing genuine  poetic  gifts,  rare  love  of  nature,  and  intense  sym- 
pathy with  Greek  culture 37  14845-50 

Bunner,   Henry  C.  (1855-96),   a   New  York  journalist,  humorist,  and 

poet 7  2731-46 

Woodberry,  G.  E.  (1855-),  a  university  professor,  essayist,  and  poet.  39   16145-52 

Wilkins,  Mary  E.  (1855-),  the  supremely  excellent  writer  of  stories 

of  homely  life  and  character  in   New  England 39  15983-6000 


QQ  AMERICAN   LITERATURE 

Allen,   Willis  Boyd   (1855-),   an  American  writer  of  verse  and  of  a 

large  number  of  works  for  young  people 42  15 

Bigelow,    Poultney    (1855-),    an  author  of  biographies,  travels,    and 

<  History  of  the  German  Struggle   for   Liberty  > 42  59 

Peck,  Harry  Thurston  (1856-),  an  American  scholar  and  literary  critic; 
university  professor  at  Columbia,  New  York ;  author  of  import- 
ant contributions  to  classical  study 43        421 

Fortier,  Alc6e  (1856-),  an  American  educator,  university  professor 
in  Louisiana,  and  author  of  studies  and  tales  of  special  Louisi- 
ana interest .42        196 

Bliss,  Wm.   D.  P.  (1856-),  a  prominent  editor  and  writer  on  Christian 

Socialism 42         63 

Waldstein,  Charles  (1856-),  an  eminent  American  archaeologist,  and 
writer  on  art ;  university  professor  at  Cambridge,  England ;  and 
author  of  art  studies  of  great  value 43        556 

Frederic,  Harold  (1856-),  a  journalist  and  novel  writer  of  New  York.  15  5971-76 

Wilson,  Woodrow  (1856-),  a  university  professor,  historical  and  politi- 
cal writer 39   16047-60 

Stuart,  Ruth  McEnery  (1856-),  an  author  of  humorous  dialect  stories 

of  negro  life,   Creole  life,  and  Arkansas  life. 35  141 19-38 

Deland,  Margaret  W.  (1857-),  the  author  of  <John  Ward,>  a  strong- 
novel  of  religious  interest,  and  of  stories,  sketches,  and  poems.  42       137 

King,  Grace  Elizabeth  (18.58-),  a  writer  of  stories  and  histories,  illus- 
trating life  and  romance  in  Louisiana;  brilliantly  successful  in 
every  way.  The  Library  gives,  in  twenty-four  pages,  her  ac- 
count of  Jackson's  battle  of  New  Orleans 21   8573-98 

Roosevelt,  Theodore  (185 8-),  the  author  of  <The  Winning  of  the 
West*  and  other  historical  studies  of  great  value  and  inter- 
est   31    12384-96 

Fuller,  Henry  B.  (1859-),  the  author  of  <The  Cliff  Dwellers  >  and 
<With  the  Procession,)  pictures  of  the  seamy  and  vulgar  in 
Chicago 15  6101-18 

Wharton,  Thomas  (1859-96),  an  American  journalist;  author  of  arti- 
cles, stories,  and  novels  rich  in  humor  and  pathos.  The  Li- 
brary has  eighteen  pages  of  his  <  Bobbo  > . 39  15819-38 

Wister,  Owen  (i860-),  an  author  of  stories  of  the  Southwest,  cow- 
boys, Indians,  and  soldiers.  The  Library  gives  his  <  Specimen 
Jones,  >  twenty  pages  in  length 39  16101-22 

Thanet,  Octave  (i860-),  an  author  of  stories  of  Arkansas  and  other 

parts  of  the  South  and  West 37   14733-59 

Garland,  Hamlin  (i860-),  a  Western  American  writer  of  poems,  tales, 

and  novels  of  Mississippi  Valley  life 15  6195-204 

Carman,   Bliss    (1861-),    a   verse-writer    of    Canadian   birth,    rich    in 

originality  and  strength  of  utterance 8  3302-06 

Slosson,  Annie  Trumbull  (18--),  the  author  of  <  Butterneggs  *  and 
other  studies  of  the  eccentric  and  humorous  in  New  England 
life  —  the  earliest  published  in  1878.  The  Library  gives  <  Butter- 
neggs  >  in  nineteen  pages 34  13487-507 


GREEK   LITERATURE  CCi 

Ford,  Paul  Leicester  (1865-),  an  American  historical  writer  and 
editor;  author  of  important  studies  of  Washington,  Franklin, 
and  Jefferson ;  and  editor  of  an  edition  of  Jefferson's  works ....  4  2        195 

Astor,  John  Jacob,  a  notable  novelist  of  New  York  City,  the  junior 
head  of  the  house  of  Astor,  author  of  a  <A  Journey  in  Other 
Worlds  > 42  28 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Greek  Literature,  through  the  thousand  years  from  the  time 
of  Homer  to  the  writing-  of  the  books  in  Greek  which  were 
united  to  form  the  New  Testament,  was  the  dominant  literature 
of  culture,  not  alone  within  Greek  limits,  but  wherever  culture 
of  any  type,  Roman,  Hebrew,  or  Egyptian,  existed;  and  all  the 
literatures,  arts,  and  sciences  of  the  modern  world  go  back  to 
Greek  beginnings:  — 

Homer  (eighth  or  ninth  century  B.C.),  whose  Iliad  and  Odyssey, 
through  their  charm  as  literature,  and  through  the  force  of 
national  tradition,  became  the  Bible  of  the  Greeks,  in  awe  of 
the  authority  of  which  even  a  Socrates  could  be  put  to  death, 
is  celebrated  in  the  Library  by  a  critical  story  of  eleven  pages, 
and  eighteen  pages  of  examples,  with  ten  pages,  in  addition,  de- 
voted to  what  are  known  as  <The  Homeric  Hymns  > 19  7551-88 

Hesiod  (ninth  century  B.C.),  whose  antiquity,  nearly  equal  to  that 
of  Homer,  with  his  attention  to  morals  and  mythology,  made 
him  seem,  like  Homer,  a  creator  of  Greek  scripture,  is  well  ex- 
plained and  illustrated  in  the  Library 18  7326-32 

Greek  Lyric  Poetry,  treated  comprehensively  as  a  factor  of  Greek 
culture  between  700  B.  C.  and  450  B.  C. ,  includes  Tyrtaeus  and 
Callinus  (15 164),  writers  of  elegies  full  of  martial  spirit,  about 
700  B.  C. ;  Mimnermus,  whose  elegies  dwelt  on  sensual  pleasure 
(15166);  Archilochus,  writer  of  iambic  verse,  not  much  later 
than  700  B.C.  (15168-71);  Terpander,  the  earliest  in  the  lyric 
poetry  proper,  about  676  B.  C.  (15 174),  and  after  him  Alcaeus, 
Sappho,  and  Anacreon;  Arion  soon  after  600  B.  C,  who  de- 
veloped the  dithyrambic  hymn  in  the  direction  of  drama 
(15176);  Callistratus,  writer  of  Greek  drinking-songs;  Alcman, 
who  first  cultivated  choral  poetry,  about  650  B.  C. ;  Stesichorus, 
who,  by  use  of  the  choral  ode,  prepared  the  way  for  the  dram- 
atists; Ibycus,  who  widened  the  sphere  of  choral  lyric;  Simon- 
ides  and  Pindar  and  Bacchylides 37  15161-84 

Alcman,  of  whose  writings  hardly  anything  is  extant,  stood  first  of 

Greek  lyric  poets,  about  B.  C.  670-30 i  281 

.^sop,  the   most  famous  of  writers   of  fables,   is  supposed  to  have 

lived  between  700  and  600  B.  C i     200-09 


Ccii  GREEK    LITERATURE 

Solon  (638-559  B.  C),  the  earliest  Greek  framer  of  constitutional  law, 

was  wont  to  address  the  citizens  in  verse 34  13642-46 

Thales  (B.  C.  640-550),  the  earliest  of  the  Greek  philosophers; 
notable  for  knowledge  of  the  sciences,  and  for  the  impulse 
which  he  gave  to  Greek  thinking 43        520 

Pherecydes  of  Syros,  an  early  Greek  philosopher  of  the  age  of 
Thales  and  Anaximander,  reputed  to  have  written  a  work  on 
the  origin  of  things  in  which  the  doctrine  of  metempsychosis 
is  first  propounded 43       427 

Stesichorus  (B.  C.  630-556),  a  Greek  lyric  poet,  regarded  as  the 
greatest  of  the  Dorian  lyrists;  author  of  narrative  poems,  only 
fragments  of  which  remain 43        506 

Sappho  (B.  C.  6 1 2-),  who  sang  in  the  most  perfect  verses  known  to 

Greek  literature,  was  famous  early  in  the  sixth  century  B.  C.32  12817-24 

Anaximander    (B.  C.    611-547),    a  Greek   Ionian  philosopher,   said  to 

have  written  the  first  philosophical  work  in  Greek  prose 42  18 

Alcseus,  whose   lyrics   were   either   drinking-songs  or  martial  poems, 

flourished  about  610-580  B.  C i   268-72 

Pythagoras  (B.  C.  582-500),  a  celebrated  Greek  philosopher;  author 
of  an  important  body  of  teaching,  of  which  he  left  no  written 
record 43        446 

Anacreon,    who    lived   about    562-477    B.  C,    was    among    the    finest 

writers  of  Greek  lyrics.     The  library  gives  eleven  examples... 2  492-500 

Ibycus    (about    B.  C.    560-525),    a   Greek   lyric   poet  only    known    by 

fragments  of  exquisite  verse  that  have  come  down  to  us 42        282 

Simonides,  whose  years  were  556-468  B.  C,  was  the  most  versatile 
and  most  productive  of  the  Greek  lyrists,  and,  in  his  epigrams, 
elegies,  and  dirges,  never  equaled 43   13462-72 

Theognis,  who  may  have  lived  about  B.  C.  550-495,  was  an  author 
of  elegiac  didactic  poetry,  much  quoted  in  Greek  discussion  of 
social  and  ethical  themes.  The  Library  gives  very  curious 
examples 37  14789-94 

Heraclitus,  who  lived  B.C.  535-475,  was  agfreat  original  thinker, 
whose  ideas  in  philosophy  had  a  wide  and  lasting  influence. 
Examples  of  his  thoughts  are  given  very  fully  in  the  Library. 
His  one  book,  <  On  Nature,>  was  in  prose 18  7247-51 

Xenophanes  (about  B.  C.  535  to  443),  a  Greek  philosopher  at  Elea  in 
Southern  Italy,  the  reputed  founder  of  the  Eleatic  philosophy; 
author  of  elegiac  and  epic  poems 43        587 

Epicharmos,  about  B.  C.  540,  a  Greek  comic  poet  at  Syracuse,  founder 

of  the  Doric-Sicilian  comedy 42        171 

Anaximenes,  a  Greek  Ionian  philosopher  of  the  sixth  century  B.  C.  .42  18 

iEschylus,  whose  life  fell  in  the  years  B.  C.  525-456,  and  who  brought 
out  plays  from  B.  C.  500  to  his  death,  ninety  in  all,  of  which 
only  seven  now  exist,  was  not  only  the  first  but  the  greatest 
of  the  three  tragic  poets  of  Greece.  The  Library  has  a  very 
full  and  fine  account  of  the  great  poet  and  his  career,  and 
examples  from  his  extant  dramas i   183-200 


GREEK   LITERATURE  cciii 

Pindar,  whose  life  covered  the  years  522-450,  and  who  ranks  as  the 
greatest  of  Greek  lyric  poets,  is  especially  notable  for  the  odes 
written  on  occasions  of  athletic  victories.  Several  of  his  mag- 
nificent odes  are  given  in  full  in  the  Library 29  11487-505 

Corinna,  a  celebrated  Greek  poet,  contemporary  with  Pindar,  about 

B.  C.  500 42       121 

Parmenides,  whose  life  fell  in  B.  C.  520-450,  ranks  next  to  Herach- 
tus  among  philosophers  before  Socrates.  His  only  work  was  a 
poem,  <On  Nature, >  from  which  the  Library  gives  examples.  2  8  11114-16 

Anaxagoras  (B.  C.  500-428),  a  Greek  philosopher  and  scientist,  au- 
thor of  a  ^Treatise  on  Nature  > 42  _       18 

Empedocles,  a  philosopher  whose  life  covered  about  the  years  500- 
425  B.  C,  wrote  two  long  philosophical  poems,  only  fragments 
of  which  are  extant 14  5467-74 

Sophocles,  who  lived,  probably,  through  the  years  B.  C.  495-405, 
covering  almost  the  exact  period  of  Athenian  greatest  power 
(B.  C.  490-405),  and  from  whom  we  now  have  seven  plays  out 
of  seventy  which  he  wrote,  was  very  nearly  the  equal  of  ..S^schy- 
lus  in  drama.  A  very  full  study  of  this  supremely  great  master 
of  Greek  tragedy,  with  a  large  number  of  examples,  is  made 
by  Professor  Mahafify  in  the  Library 34  13647-76 

Herodotus  (B.  C.  490-426),  whom  Cicero  called  the  father  of  history, 
was  the  first  narrator  who  so  connected  and  handled  stories  as 
to  make  history  of  them.  The  Library  has  a  large  number  of 
fine  examples 18  7285-306 

Ion  of  Chios  (B.C.  484-422),  a  Greek  poet  and  prose-writer,  the  loss 
of  whose  works,  tragedies,  hymns,  elegies,  epigrams  and  essays, 
is  one  of  the  most  serious  breaches  which  time  has  made  in 
the  best  age  of  Greek  literature 42       284 

Euripides,  who  lived  (B.C.  480-406),  is  represented  in  literature  by 
nineteen  dramas,  out  of  ninety-two  which  he  is  said  to  have 
produced.  As  .lEschylus  was  the  grandest,  and  Sophocles  the 
most  perfect,  in  poetic  art,  so  Euripides  was  by  far  the  richest  in 
human  interest.  The  Library  gives  a  large  number  of  fine 
examples 145  569-90 

Thucydides,  the  earliest  writer  of  contemporary  history,  and  the  first 
critical  historian,  lived  about  B.  C.  471-400,  and  achieved  al- 
most unexampled  distinction  as  a  master  of  Greek  prose  in 
a  history  covering  twenty-one  years  of  the  Peloponnesian  War. 
The  Library  has  fifteen  pages  of  fine  examples.  ..  .43  525;  37  14909-931 

Socrates,  one  of  the  greatest  teachers  of  thought  and  wisdom,  who 
yet  wrote  nothing,  but  who  comes  into  literature  through  re- 
ports of  his  teaching,  was  especially  reported  by  Plato  and  by 
Xenophon.  The  Library  gives  a  full  account,  with  examples. 
His  seventy  years  were  B.  C.  469-399 34   13627-41 

Philolaus,  a  Greek  Pythagorean  philosopher  of  the  time  of  Socrates, 

the  first  to  commit  to  writing  the  doctrines  of  Pythagoras  ...  .43       428 


Cciv  GREEK    LITERATURE 

Lysias  (B.C.  450-380),    an   Attic   orator;    author  of   orations   in   the 

purest  Attic  style,  of  which  over  thirty  are  still  extant 43        355 

Agathon  (B.  C.  448-402),  a  Greek  tragic  poet,  friend  of  Euripides  and 

Plato 42  7 

Eupolis  (B.C.  445-404),  an  Athenian  comic  poet,  admirably  represent- 
ing the  older  type  of  Greek  comedy 42        174 

Isocrates  (B.C.  436-338),  a  Greek  orator  and  rhetorician,    founder  of 

a  famous  school  for  the  education  of  orators 42       285 

Achilles  Tatius,  a  Greek  writer  of  romances  in  the  fifth  century 42  3 

Phrynichus,  a  Greek  tragic  poet  of  the  fifth  century  B.  C. ;  author  of 
plays  commemorating  events  of  his  own  time,  as  well  as  of 
'tragedies  on  legendary  themes 43       428 

Zeno  of  Elea,  a  Greek  philosopher  of  the  fifth  century  B.  C. ,  called  by 

Aristotle  the  father  of  dialectics 43        595 

Aristophanes,  who  lived  about  B.  C.  448-380,  and  produced  forty- 
three  plays,  of  which  eleven  are  extant,  was  the  greatest  of 
comic  dramatists,  and  a  master  of  perfect  Greek  second  only  to 
Homer  and  Plato.  The  Library  has  a  most  interesting  story  of 
his  genius  and  of  all  the  extant  comedies,  with  sixteen  pages 
of  fine  examples  2    759-87 

Xenophon,  who  lived  B.  C.  430-355,  was  an  Athenian  soldier,  writer 
of  historical  narrative,  and  author  of  reminiscences,  an  historical 
novel,  and  dialogfues,  with  much  reference,  in  some  of  the  works, 
to  the  life  and  words  of  Socrates.  The  Library  has  a  very 
interesting  story  and  ahiple  examples 39  16243-60 

Plato,  whose  years  were  B.  C.  427-347,  and  who  ranks  as  a  prose- 
writer  with  the  greatest  poets  of  literature,  has  stood  for  twenty- 
three  centuries  at  the  head  of  thinkers  who  not  merely  regard 
observed  facts  but  imagine  ideals  and  form  ideas  from  which  to 
argue  what  is  true  and  to  decide  what  in  character  and  con- 
duct is  good  and  right.  The  Library  has  a  very  full  story  of 
his  genius  and  career,  and  twenty -six  pages  of  fine  examples.  .29  115 19-56 

Antimachus,  a  Greek  epic  and  elegiac  poet  about  410  B.  C,  author  of 

<  The  Thebais  > , 42         21 

Xenocrates  (B.  C.  396-314),  a  Greek  philosopher  of  the  school  of  Plato; 
said  to  have  been  the  first  to  divide  philosophy  into  physical, 
speculative,  and  ethical 43        587 

^schines,  who  lived  B.  C.  389-314,  and  both  practiced  and  taught 
oratory,  is  chiefly  famous  for  the  rivalry  with  Demosthenes 
which  he  maintained i   178-82 

Aristotle,  who  lived  in  the  years  B.  C.  384-322,  and  began  as  a  pupil 
of  Plato,  became,  and  has  remained  for  all  time,  the  greatest 
of  thinkers  to  whom  what  observed  facts  show  is  the  basis  of 
knowledge  and  who  trust  in  real  knowledge  rather  than  in  im- 
agination     2  788-801 

Demosthenes,  the  one  orator  in  history  who  rises  to  the  very  high- 
est line,  as  Plato  does,  or  Shakespeare,  lived  in  B.  C.  384-322. 


GREEK   LITERATURE  CCV 

and  used  his  splendid  eloquence  to  support  Athens  in  her 
struggle  to  maintain  her  independence 1 1  4535-54 

Zeno  the  Stoic  (B.  C.  350-258),  a  Greek  philosophic  founder,  author  of 
the  system  of  Stoicism,  none  of  whose  writings  have  been  pre- 
served  4  3       595 

Lycurgus,  an  Attic  orator  of  the  fourth  century  B.  C,  a  disciple  of 
Plato  and  Isocrates,  zealously  patriotic,  and  of  noble  and  digni- 
fied eloquence 43        355 

Pherecrates,  a  Greek  comic  poet  of  the  fourth  century  B.  C,  of  whose 

works  only  some  fragments  remain 43       427 

Philemon,  who  lived  ninety-eight  years,  B.  C.  361-263,  and  wrote 
ninety-seven  plays;  of  which  fragments  only  remain,  save  as 
they  were  more  or  less  reproduced  in  Latin  by  Plautus  and 
Terence;  is  notable  as  having  brought  the  drama  down  to  the 
level  of  the  society  play  or  comedy  of  actual  life 29  11397-408 

Theocritus,  whose  pastoral  poetry  is  considered  the  last  manifesta- 
tion of  Greek  genius,  was  of  Syracuse  in  Sicily,  and  lived  at 
Alexandria  in  Egypt,  where  Greek  culture  had  created  a  brill- 
iant centre  of  letters  and  art  (about  276  B.C.).  The  Library 
has  a  most  interesting  account,  with  fifteen  pages  of  fine  ex- 
amples translated  by  Andrew  Lang 37   14769-88 

Menander,  who  lived  B.  C.  342-291,  and  even  in  this  shorter  life 
wrote  a  hundred  comedies,  of  which  fragments,  amounting  to 
twenty-four  hundred  verses,  are  extant,  carried  the  comedy  of 
common  life  to  great  perfection.  All  of  the  Roman  Terence's 
comedies,  except  one,  are  based  on  lost  plays  of  Menander.  .  .  ,29    11405 

Epicurus,  a  famous  Greek  philosopher  (B.  C.  341-270);  author  of  a 
system  which  found  the  supreme  good  of  life  in  pleasure,  not 
sensual  but  mental  and  spiritual 42        171 

Pyrrho  (B.  C.  340-250),  a  Greek  philosopher  who  accompanied  Alex- 
ander the  Great  on  his  journey  to  India,  a  teacher  usually  looked 
upon  as  the  founder  of  the  earlier  school  of  Greek  Skepticism.  .43       446 

Lost  Attic  Comedy,  known  only  by  fragments,  as  in  the  cases  of 
Philemon  and  Menander,  is  represented  by  a  number  of  names 
of  which  the  Library  gives  an  account 29  11397-408 

Cleanthes,  a  Stoic  philosopher,  who  lived  through  the  ninety-nine 
years,  B.  C.  331-232,  and  was  the  immediate  successor  of  Zeno, 
the  founder  of  Stoicism,  is  noted  for  a  remarkable  hymn  to 
Zeus,  which  Paul  quoted  from  in  his  speech  on  Mars  Hill  at 
Athens.     The  Library  gives  the  whole  of  this  hymn 9  3784-86 

Theophrastus  (B.  C.  322-287),  a  Greek  philosopher;  successor  of 
Aristotle  in  the  school  at  Athens  which  he  founded;  author  of 
works  on  botany  which  are  still  extant,  and  of  other  writings 
of  which  only  fragments  remain 43        521 

Aratus    (290-260  B.  C. ),  a  Greek   poet  and  astronomer,   author  of  a 

greatly  admired  astronomical  poem 42         22 

Chrysippus  (B.  C.  280-206),  a  noted  Greek  philosopher,  after  Clean- 
thes head  of  the  Stoic  school 42        108 


ccvi  GREEK   LITERATURE 

Lycophron,  a  Greek  poet  and  grammarian  of  the  third  century  B.  C, 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Alexandrian  Library,  and  author 
of  numerous  poems  of  which  one  alone  remains 43        354 

Apollonius  of  Rhodes,   a   Greek   grammarian   and  poet  of  the  third 

century  B.  C. ,  author  of  *■  Argonautics * 42  21 

Bion  (third  century  B.  C),  a  second  Greek  poet  from  Sicily,  coming 
between  Theocritus  and  Moschus,  whose  finest  extant  poem  is 
given  in  the  Library 4  1893-97 

Callimachus  (lived  about  260  B.  C),  a  Greek  poet  of  great  learning; 
was  the  curator  of  the  immense  library  treasures  at  Alexan- 
dria, which  were  in  part  destroyed  by  Julius  Caesar  a  century 
later,  through  ian  accidental  fire,  and  the  rest  deliberately  de- 
stroyed by  Bishop  Theophilus's  anti-paganism  zealots  three 
hundred  years  later  still.  He  wrote  a  history  of  Greek  litera- 
ture, and  a  work  on  the  Museum  and  its  great  scholars  and 
educators,  both  of  which  are  lost 7  3101-06 

Moschus  (lived  about  200  B.  C),  another  native  of  Syracuse,  who 
lived  much  at  Alexandria,  a  little  later  than  Theocritus,  is  a 
poet  notable  for  one  fine  poem  still  extant,  and  given  in  full 
in  the  Library 26  10360-64 

The  Argonautic  Legend,  dating  in  its  earliest  written  form  about 
200  B.  C,  and  shaped  into  a  fine  poem  in  our  own  time,  that 
of  Morris  on  <The  Life  and  Death  of  Jason,'  is  specially  dealt 
with  in  the  Library,  with  eight  pages  from  the  fine  poem  of 
Mr.   Morris 2     73 1-40 

Ptolemy  of  Alexandria,  the  most  celebrated  of  ancient  astronomers, 
belonging  to  the  first  half  of  the  second  century  of  our  era, 
and  author  of  a  great  astronomical  treatise  which  ruled  astro- 
nomical science  down  to  the  time  of  Copernicus 43       443 

Polybius,  a  soldier,  statesman,  and  diplomat,  who  lived  in  the  years 
B.  C.  204-122,  seventeen  years  of  the  time,  1 68-1 51,  at  Rome, 
wrote  a  great  history  of  Greece  in  the  years  220-168,  of  which 
five  books,  out  of  forty,  are  still  extant  The  Library  has  a 
full  story  and  fine  examples 30  11 701-10 

Aristides,    father,    in    the  second  century  B.  C,    of  Greek    prose  ro- 
mance   42         24 

Posidonius  (B.  C.  135-50),  a  Greek  Stoic  philosopher,  one  of  the 
most  learned  men  of  antiquity,  his  knowledge  and  his  writings 
extending  over  every  branch  of  science;  author  of  a  universal 
history  in  fifty -two  books,  covering  the  period  B.  C.   145-82  .  ..43       438 

Antipater  of  Sidon,  a  Greek  poet  about  100  B.  C,  author  of  a  collec- 
tion of  witty  epigrams 42         21 

Meleager,  a  Greek  poet  of  about  the  middle  of  the  first  century  B.  C, 
author  of  epigrams  and  of  a  compilation  of  short  poems  from 
about  forty  authors 43        377 

Strabo  (B.C.  54  to  A.  D.  22),  a  Greek  geographical  writer;  author  of 
a  study  of  geography  as  known  in  his  time,  and  of  ac- 
counts of  the  principal  lands  then  known 43       509 


GREEK   LITERATURE  CCVii 

[After  Christ] 

Greek  Anthology,  a  collection  of  4063  short  Greek  poems,  a  few 
lines  each  in  length;  covers  the  thirteen  centuries  from 
Mimnermus  to  Cometas,  or  the  time  between  the  Hebrew 
prophet  Jeremiah  and  the  English  king,  Edward  the  Confessor. 
The  Library  gives  examples  from  thirty  named  poets,  and 
others  which  are  anonymous 16  6637-52 

Epictetus,  the  great  Greek  expositor  of  Stoicism,  and  one  of  the 
world's  great  thinkers,  lived  about  one  hundred  years  after 
Christ.  The  story  by  Higginson  and  the  large  number  of  fine 
examples  in  the  Library  are  rich  in  interest 14  5497-508 

Babrius,   a   Greek  author  of  the  first  century  after  Christ,  who  made 

a  book  of  fables  by  turning  fables  of  ^sop  into  verse 3   1 148-54 

Arrianus,  Flavius  (95-180),  a  Greek  philosopher  and  historian,  pupil 

of  Epictetus  and  reporter  of  his  teachings 42         27 

Plutarch  (lived  in  the  second  century  A.  D. ),  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing and  important  ancient  writers,  from  the  extent  to  which 
his  Lives  of  Famous  Men,  twenty- three  Greek  and  twenty -three 
Roman,  and  his  <  Morals,  >  more  than  sixty  treatises  upon  ethi- 
cal, literary,  and  historical  subjects,  show  a  complete  command 
of  Greek  history  and  literature,  and  give  information  upon  reli- 
gion, philosophy,  and  social  life.  The  fifty  pages  of  concise 
story  and  fine  examples  devoted  to  him  in  the  Library  supply 
readings  of  extraordinary  interest 29   11601-50 

Pausanias,  the  author  of  a  great  work  on  the  antiquities,  history, 
mythology,  geography,  and  types  of  worship  of  Greece,  is  shown, 
from  his  own  reference,  to  have  produced  the  work  in  the  years 
A.  D.   140-80 28   11210-22 

Alciphron,  an  Athenian  teacher  of  rhetoric,  who  lived  in  the  time  of 
Pausanias,  about  A.  D.  150,  is  notable  for  a  collection  of  ficti- 
tious letters,  in  which  the  pictures  of  life  and  the  character- 
drawing  at  once  suggest  the  novel  as  a  form  of  literature,  and 
uncover  to  us  many  aspects  of  life  at  Athens  in  his  day i   275-80 

Philostratus  (A.  D.  170-250),  a  Greek  rhetorician,  of  whose  writings 
five  are  extant,  including  a  <Life  of  Apollonius  of  Tyana^;  a 
pretender  to  miracles  and  divinity 43       428 

Diogenes  Laertius,  who  lived  about  A.  D.  200-50,  and  wrote  a  fasci- 
nating book,  of  most  valuable  information,  on  the  <  Lives  and 
Sayings  of  the  Philosophers,  >  is  represented  in  the  Library  by 
his  <Life  of  Socrates,^  and  by  extracts  from  ten  other  lives  .12  4711-24 

Athenseus,  who  lived  about  A.  D.  225,  and  wrote  an  immense  store- 
house of  table-talk,  entitled  <  The  Feast  of  the  Learned,  >  is  a 
most  interesting  source  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of 
subjects 2    923-32 

Plotinus  (A.  D.  205-70),  the  most  celebrated  representative  of  Neo- 
Platonism,  author  of  philosophical  teachings  which  combined 
many  foreign  elements  with  Plato's  doctrine  of  ideas 43       432 


Ccviii  GREEK   LITERATURE 

Longinus,  Cassius  (210-73),  a  celebrated  Greek  philosopher  and 
rhetorician;  a  teacher  first  at  Athens,  and  later  the  adviser  of 
Queen  Zenobia  at  Palmyra;  a  man  of  vast  learning  and  many- 
writings,  of  which  only  fragments    survive 43       349 

Sextus  Empiricus,   a  Greek  philosopher  near  the  end  of  the  second 

century,  a  representative  teacher  of  the  skepticism  of  Pyrrho.  .43       491 

Herodianus,  a  Greek  historian  who  lived  about  175-250,  author  of  an 

important  history  of  Rome  from  180  to  238  A.  D 42       261 

lamblichus  (died  about  330  A.  D.),  a  Syrian  philosopher;  author  of 
works  expounding  the  Neo-Platonic  system,  and  of  a  life  of 
Pythagoras 42        282 

Eusebius    Pamphili    (260-340),  a  Greek  theological  scholar   of    note 

from  his  works  as  the  father  of  ecclesiastical  history 42        174 

Heliodorus,  a  Greek  Christian  bishop  of  Tricca,  produced,  about  350 
A.  D. ,  a  romance  which  was  condemned  as  a  baneful  love  story, 
by  a  synod  of  the  church,  but  which  literature  has  recognized 
as  the  progenitor  of  the  modern  novel 18  7221-28 

Chrysostom,  John,  who  was  born  A.  D.  347  and  died  A.  D.  407,  be- 
came Metropolitan  of  Constantinople  A.  D.  397,  and  was  a  great 
preacher  of  Christian  life  and  faith  in  a  part  of  the  world 
thoroughly  Greek  in  culture:  a  marvelously  eloquent  orator, 
using  Greek  as  his  own  tongue 9  3665-74 

Libanius,   a  Greek  writer  of  the  fourth  century;  author  of  orations 

and  epistles  of  value  for  the  history  of  his  time 43        34 1 

Synesius  (A.  D.  375-415),  a  Greek  philosopher,  poet,  and  bishop;  au- 
thor of  hymns,  essays,  and  orations 43        513 

Theodoret  (A.  D.  390-460),  a  celebrated  Greek  church  historian  and 
theological  writer ;  author  of  commentaries,  theological  tractates, 
Letters,  and  a  Church  History  of  the  period  324-429 43        521 

Longus,  a  notable  Greek  romancer,  author  of  <Daphnis  and  Chloe,^ 

a  precursor  in  the  fifth  century  of  the  modern  novelist 43       349 

Proclus  (412-85),  a  Greek  Neo-Platonic  philosopher;  author  of  hymns 
and  epigrams,  of  astronomical  and  mathematical  writings,  and 
of  commentaries  on  some  of  the  works  of  Plato 43       441 

Zosimus,  a  Greek  historian  about  the  end  of  the  fifth  century,  author 
of  a  Roman  history  alleging  that  Christians  alone  caused  the 
fall  of  the  Roman  Empire 43        599 

Procopius,  an  eminent  Greek  historian  of  the  sixth  century,  the  lead- 
ing authority  for  Justinian's  reign,  and  author  of  a  work  on 
the  wars  of  his  time 43       441 

Agathias,  who  lived  A.  D.  536-81,  at  Constantinople,  after  education 
at  Alexandria,  wrote  a  history  of  great  events  between  553-58, 
the  feeble  literary  power  of  which  is  like  a  last  flicker  of 
Greek  intellect i      223-24 

Nicephorus  (758-828),  a  Byzantine  historian,  patriarch  of  Constanti- 
nople in  806,  author  of  a  history  of  Constantinople  (602-770)  dis- 
tinguished for  accuracy  and  erudition 43       403 


GREEK  LITERATURE  CCix 

Suidas,  an  author  of  the  tenth  or  eleventh  century,  under  whose  name 
is  given  a  collection  of  extracts  from  ancient  writers,  with 
much  miscellaneous  information,  the  items  arranged  alphabet- 
ically, and  the  work  called  a  < Lexicon > 43        511 

Comnena,  Anna  (1083-1148),  a  Byzantine  princess;  author  of  a  life  of  the 

Emperor  Alexis,  her  father  —  a  work  of  historical  importance.  .42        117 

Zonaras,  Joannes,  a  Byzantine  historian  in  the  twelfth  century,  author 

of  ^Annals*  embodying  valuable  extracts  from  works  now  lost.  .43        598 

Cantacuzenus,  John  (-1355).  the  Emperor  of  Constantinople,  noted  as 

the  author  of  < Byzantine  History  > 4a         93 

Chrysoloras,  Manuel  (1355-1415),  a  Greek  scholar  of  Constantinople, 
the  first  to  attain  eminence  in  Italy  as  a  teacher  of  the  litera- 
ture and  language  of  Greece 42        108 

Phranza,  George  (1401-78),  the  last  of  the  Byzantine  historians,  an 
exile  to  Corfu  after  the  capture  of  Constantinople  by  Mohammed 
II.,  and  author  there  of  a  valuable  Byzantine  history  covering 
the  period  1259-1477 43       428 

Chortatzis,  Georgios,  a  modern  Greek  dramatic  poet  in  the  first 
half  of  the  seventeenth  century,  author  of  the  first  play  written 
in  modern  Greek 42        108 

Christopulos,  Athanasios  (1772-1S47),  a   modern   Greek  poet 42        ro8 

Zalokostas,  Georgios  (1805-58),  a  modern  Greek  poet;  author  of  songs 
which  the  Greek  children  learn,  and  of  poems  which  have  been 
translated  into  several  modern  langfuages 43        593 

Paparrhigopoulos,  Constantine  (181 5-91),  a  Greek  of  Constantinople, 
educated  in  Russia,  and  professor  at  the  University  of  Athens; 
author  of  <  A  History  of  the  Greek  People  > 43       416 

Bernardakis,    D.   (1834-),  a  Greek  scholar,    professor  of  history  'and 

philology,  dramatist,  and  poet 42  56 

Bikelas,    Dimitrios    (1835-),    an    eminent    Greek    essayist,    poet,    and 

translator  of  Shakespeare 42  59 

Drossinis,   Georg  (18 59-),  a  Greek  poet;  author  of  several  volumes 

of  lyrics,  and  of  stories  and  other  works  in  prose 42        152 

14 


Ccx  LATIN   LITERATURE 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Latin  Literature  was  to  no  small  extent  inspired  and 
formed  by  Greek  influences,  the  great  examples  of  Greek  poetry 
and  philosophy  having  made  an  impression  upon  the  younger  and 
the  ruder  people  absolutely  decisive  of  the  character  of  the 
younger  literature.  Constant  attention  to  war  had  prevented 
literary  development,  until  contact  with  Greek  culture  had  come, 
and  transfer  from  Greek  to  Latin  was  easier  than  native  pro- 
duction. 

Andronicus,  a  poet  and  actor,  although  a  slave,  who  Hved  B.  C. 
284-204,  translated  plays  from  the  Greek,  mostly  tragedies, 
with  a  few  comedies.  He  was  himself  an  educated  Greek, 
made  a  slave  by  the  chances  of  war,  until  freed  by  his  Roman 
master,  whose  sons  he  had  educated.  He  translated  Homer's 
Odyssey  for  readers  of  the  rude  Latin 42  20;  14  5475 

Naevius,  who  lived  about  B.  C.  272-204,  and  wrote  a  large  number 
of  dramas,  both  tragedies  and  comedies,  and  an  epic  on 
the  Punic  wars, —  a  great  original  national  poem,  from  which 
both  Ennius  and  Virgil  borrowed  largely, — was  the  first  in  the 
line  of  true  Roman  poets,  and  the  first  Latin  writer  of  original 
power 43  400;  14  5475 

Plautus,  Rome's  greatest  comic  poet,  who  was  born  about  B.  C.  254, 
and  died  B.  C.  184,  almost  wholly  borrowed  his  comedies  from 
Greek  authors,  and  thus  dealt  with  Greek  scenes  and  charac- 
ters. The  Library  has  a  full  and  careful  story,  and  nine  pages 
of  examples 29  11557-72 

Ennius,  who  lived  B.  C.  239-169,  the  period  of  Rome's  greatest  suc- 
cesses in  war,  wrote,  in  the  form  of  an  epic  poem,  <  Annals,  > 
surveying  the  whole  of  Roman  history;  but  only  fragments  of 
it  are  now  extant.  The  Romans  looked  to  him  as  the  father 
of  their  literature.  The  story  of  his  genius  and  work  is  of 
g^eat  interest 14  5475-83 

Cato,  called  «the  Censor, »  whose  life  covered  the  years  234-149  B.  C, 
wrote  a  book  on  <  Agriculture,  >  which  is  the  oldest  volume  of 
Latin  prose  extant.  He  also  wrote  <  Origines  >  of  Latin  history, 
which  are  lost,  and  speeches,  to  the  number  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty,  of  which  fragments  from  eighty  exist.  Other  writ- 
ings on  eloquence,  medicine,  and  the  military  art  show  an  au- 
thor of  almost  eiicyclopaedic  range 8  3347-52 

Pacuvius,  Marcus  (B.  C.  219-129),  a  Latin  tragic  poet;  author  of  plays 
nearly  all  founded  on  Greek  subjects,  and  known  to  us  only  in 
fragments,  one  of  which  shows  him  to  have  been  a  notable 
free-thinker 43       412 


LATIN   LITERATURE  CCxi 

Terence  (B.  C.  185-159),  who  produced  six  comedies  in  the  years  166- 
161,  of  the  most  finished  form,  and  most  interesting  as  Roman 
reflections  of  Greek  culture,  is  dwelt  with  in  the  Library  in  an 
elaborate  critical  story,  with  fine  examples  of  his  work 36  14643-62 

Lucilius,  Gains  (B.C.   180-103),  a  Latin  poet;  author  of  satires,  frag-  ^ 
ments  of  which  are  now  extant;   the  first  to  give  form  to  Ro- 
man  satiric  poetry 43        352 

Accius,  Lucius  (B.C.   170-),  a  Latin   tragic   poet,  only  fragments  of 

whose  works  remain 42  3 

Varro,  Marcus  Terentius  (B.  C.  116-27),  the  most  universally  learned 
of  ancient  Roman  scholars;  author  of  a  great  variety  of  works 
on  languages,  usages,  laws,  education,  sciences,  and  notabilities, 
of  which  only  fragments  now  remain 43        543 

Cicero,  whose  great  career  filled  the  years  B.  C.  106-43,  ^■iid.  who,  in 
addition  to  being  the  most  eloquent  of  Roman  orators,  was  an 
author  of  the  first  rank  in  many  fields  of  knowledge  and  thought, 
has  a  book  of  fifty  pages  in  the  Library,  twelve  pages  of  most 
interesting  story  and  thirty -eight  pages  of   fine  examples 9  3675-724 

Caesar,  Rome's  greatest  man,  soldier,  and  statesman,  and  second  only 
to  Cicero  as  an  orator  and  a  writer  of  Latin  prose,  lived  in 
the  years  B.  C.  100-44.  The  Library  has  a  very  full  story  of 
his  genius  and  work  in  letters,  and  twenty-one  pages  of  large 
examples  from   his  writings   7  3037-66 

Nepos,  Cornelius  (B.  C.  99-24),  a  Latin  biographer  and  historian;  au- 
thor of  lives  of  eminent  men,  much  valued  as  ^choolbooks  from 
their  simplicity  of  style 43       402 

Lucretius,  whose  life  covered  the  years  B.  C.  98-55,  was  not  only  a 
most  vigorous  and  original  poet,  but  a  singularly  bold  and 
powerful  thinker,  in  matters,  especially,  of  popular  religion.  ..23  9304-18 

Catullus,  who  lived  in  the  last  thirty  years  of  the  Roman  Republic, 
R  C.  84-54,  the  age  of  Cicero  and  Caesar,  was  Rome's  first 
lyric  poet,  and  one  of  the  greatest  lyric  poets  of  all  literature. 
The  Library  adds  to  a  critical  story  of  his  genius  and  career 
fifteen  fine  examples  of  his  lyrics 8  3359-70 

Sallust,  who  lived  B.  C.  86-34,  and  wrote  a  history  of  the  years  B.  C. 
78-67,  which  is  lost,  is  known  by  two  small  historical  works,  of 
which  the  fine  style  and  the  political  bearing  have  made  them 
notable  32  12743-58 

Virgil,  who  lived  B.  C.  70-19,  and  produced  pastoral  poems,  called 
< Eclogues*  (B.C.  37);  agricultural  poems,  called  <Georgics> 
(B.  C.  37-30) ;  and  a  great  national  epic,  the  ^neid  (B.  C.  30- 
19),  ranks  as,  in  every  way,  the  most  representative  of  Latin 
writers  and  a  world-poet  second  only  to  Homer,  Dante,  and 
Shakespeare.  The  Library  has  a  full  critical  story  and  a  large 
array  of  fine  examples 38   15413-38 

Horace,  the  virtual  poet-laureate  of  Augustus,  lived  B.  C.  65-8,  and 
was  especially  distinguished  for  the  perfection  of  his  odes,  in 
addition  to  < Satires,*  < Epistles,*  and  an  <Art  of  Poetry* 19  7619-40 


ccxii  LATIN  lite;rature 

Livy,  who  was  bom  B.C.  59  and  died  A.  D.  17,   produced  a   history  ^ 
of  Rome  of  very  great  interest  as  story,  rather  than  strict  history, 
but  of  which  three-fourths  are  no  longer  extant.     The  Library 
gives  ten  pages  of  choice  examples 23  9091-104 

TibuUus,  the  first  of  the  elegiac  poets  of  Rome,  of  whose  undoubted 

work,  sixteen  poems,  all  are  love-elegies,  lived  B.  C.  54-19  ..37  14932-42 

Propertius,  the  author  of  five  short  books  of  elegies,  mostly  love- 
poems,  but  the  best  of  their  kind  in  Latin,  lived  about  B.  C. 
50-15 30  11861-70 

Phaedrus,  a  Roman  slave,  freed  by  Augustus;  author  of  a  body  of 
fables  which  are  extant  in  their  original  poetic  form,  and  also 
in  three  different  versions  in  Latin  prose 43       427 

Labeo,  Marcus  Antistius,  a  celebrated  Roman  jurist  of  the  Augustan 
age ;  author  of  a  g^eat  number  of  works  on  jurisprudence,  of 
which  only  one  has  come  down  to  our  time 43       318 

Ovid,  who  lived  B.C.  43  to  A.  D.  17,  was  the  last  of  the  group  of  poets 
of  love,  wine,  and  art,  of  the  age  of  Augustus,  and  far  the  most 
notable  of  the  group.  The  Library  tells,  in  full,  the  story  of 
his  genius  and  career,  and  gives  fifteen  pages  of  examples.  .28  10915-36 

Paterculus,  Gaius  Velleius  (B.  C.  19  to  A.  D.  30),  an  officer  in  the 
Roman  army,  under  the  Emperor  Tiberius;  author  of  a  com- 
pendium of  Roman  and  universal  history  which  is  still  extant. 43       419 

Seneca,  born  at  Corduba,  in  Spain,  B.  C.  4,  the  now  accepted  date 
of  the  birth  of  Christ,  and  lived  through  three  imperial  reigns  . 
to  A.  D.  65,  the  most  brilliant  literary  figure  of  those  reigns ;  a 
Stoic  philosopher;  the  earliest  Latin  author  whose  career  fell 
wholly  in  the  Christian  era,  and  whose  work  in  literature  is 
comparable,  to  a  certain  extent,  with  ethical  teaching  proceed- 
ing from  the  life  of  Christ 33   131 19-32 

Silius  Italicus  (A.  D.  25-101),  a   Roman  poet;  author  of  an   epic   in 

the  style  of  Virgil,  and  of  a  Latin  translation  of  the  Iliad 43       494 

Calpurnius  Siculus,  Titus  (A.  D.  30-80),  a  Latin  poet  of  the  time  of 

Nero ;  author  of  eclogues  and  bucolics 42         89 

Lucan  (Lucanus,  M.  A.)  (A.  D.  39-65),  a  Latin  poet  at  the  court  of 
Nero,  nephew  of  the  philosopher  Seneca,  author  of  an  epic  on 
the  great  battle  between  Caesar  and  Pompey  at  Pharsalus 43       352 

Petronius,  a  Neronian  character,  who  left  the  world  by  suicide  A.  D. 
66,  left  a  book  of  satires  terribly  and  elegantly  realistic,  in  the 
two  parts,  out  of  twenty,  which  are  extant.  The  Library  has 
nine  pages  of  examples 29  11384-96 

Pliny  the  Elder,  living  A.  D.  23-79,  besides  writing  histories  and 
other  works  which  are  lost,  completed,  in  A.  D.  77,  a  <  Historia 
Naturalis,^  which  may  be  recognized  as  the  earliest  of  ency- 
clopaedias  29   11573-82 

Martial,  who  was  born  in  Spain  about  A.  D.  50,  came  to  Rome 
A.  D.  63,  and  died  A.  D.  102 ;  was  a  writer  of  epigrams  of  the 
very  highest  quality,  save  as  in  some  of  them  ofifense  to 
decency  is  given 24  9750-58 


LATIN   LITERATURE  CCxiil 

Persius,  who  lived  A.  D.  34-62,  in  the  age  of  the  worst  of  the  Cae- 
sars, ranks  as  third  among  Roman  satirists 29  11343-46 

Quintillian,  for  many  years  a  teacher  of  rhetoric,  and  pleader  of 
causes  at  Rome,  lived  A.  D.  35-95,  and  produced  in  his  <  Insti- 
tutes on  the  Education  of  an  Orator  >  an  exhaustive  treatise  on 
oratory,  of  most  exceptional  interest  and  value 30  1 1980-2000 

Secundus,  Publius  Pomponius,  a  Roman  poet  of  the  first  century; 
author  of  tragedies  of  high  character,  of  which  only  fragments 
remain 43       488 

Columella,  Lucius  Junius,  a  Latin  writer  in  the  first  century,  author 

of  an  important  work  showing  the  condition  of  agriculture  ....  4  2        116 

Statius,  born  A.  D.  45,  and  died  A.  D.  96,  was  an  epic,  lyric,  and 
dramatic  poet,  who  flourished  under  Domitian,  and  was  espe- 
cially successful  in  some  of  his  smaller  poems,  which  such 
judges  as  Goethe  have  found  very  fine  in  quality 35  13845-56 

Tacitus,  who  lived  about  A.  D.  55-115,  and  wrote  a  Dialogue  on 
Orators,  a  Life  of  Agricola,  a  treatise  on  German  institutions, 
the  <Germania,>  and  two  historical  works,  covering  the  im- 
perial period  of  eighty-two  years,  to  the  death  of  Domitian, 
(i)  the  <  Annals, >  covering  A.  D.  14-68,  and  (2)  the  <Histories,> 
covering  A.  D.  68-96,  ranks  in  literary  interest  and  for  his 
pictures  of  men  and  events  as  one  of  the  great  writers  of  the 
world.  The  Library  gives  fifteen  pages  of  most  interesting 
examples 36  14369-88 

Juvenal,  living  A.  D.  60-140,  wrote  a  body  of  remorselessly  power- 
ful satires,  in  which  he  is  not  only  the  greatest  painter  of 
Roman  life  and  character,  but  a  prophet  of  conscience,  and 
preacher  of  truth  strongly  suggestive  of  Christian  ideals 21  841 1-24 

Pliny  the  Younger  (A.  D.  61-113),  whose  fame  rests  on  nine  books 
of  <  Letters,*  written  after  the  death  of  Domitian,  and  pub- 
lished A.  D.  97-109,  and  a  tenth  of  the  correspondence  be- 
tween the  Emperor  Trajan  and  himself,  was  the  typical 
gentleman  of  the  age,  and  his  letters  reflect  the  brighter  side 
of  Roman  life.  The  Library  has  fifteen  pages  of  choice 
examples 29   11583-600 

Lucian,  whose  life  covered  the  years  A.  D.  120-200,  and  whose 
most  famous  work  is  the  < Dialogues  of  the  Gods,*  is  celebrated 
for  his  literary  perfection  and  the  agnostic  temper  in  which  he 
parodied  the  popular  religion.  The  Library  gives  very  striking 
examples 23  9285-303 

Celsus,  a  Latin  writer  of  the  second  century,  noted  for  a  book  at- 
tacking Christianity 42        100 

Antoninus,  who  was  bom  at  Rome,  April  20  A.  D.  121,  and  died  at 
Vindobona  (now  Vienna),  March  17,  180,  gave  to  literature  in 
his  < Meditations,*  one  of  the  most  impressive  books  ever  writ- 
ten and  the  closest  approach  to  parallelism  with  Christian 
teaching  which  classical  antiquity  produced.    The  Library  gives 


Ccxiv  LATIN   LITERATURE 

fourteen  pages  of  examples  wonderfully  rich  in  noble  and 
beautiful  thoughts 3  1022-44 

Suetonius,  who  flourished  early  in  the  second  century,  a  contemporary 
of  Tacitus  and  the  younger  Pliny,  under  the  Emperors  Trajan 
and  Hadrian,  to  the  latter  of  whom  he  was  private  secretary, 
wrote  <  Lives  of  the  Caesars,  >  in  which  were  vividly  reflected  all 
the  gossip  and  scandal  of  the  times  portrayed 35   14202-08 

^lianus,  who  lived  at  Rome  in  the  time  of  Hadrian,  and  was  a  mas- 
ter of  Athenian  Greek,  wrote  an  important  book  on  the  <  Nat- 
ure of  Animals,^  and  another  entitled  <Varia  Historia,*  in 
which  were  reproduced  what  are  now  valuable  notes  of  his 
study  of  works  no  longer  extant i     172-77 

Apuleius,  who  lived  in  the  second  century  (A.  D.  101-200),  wrote  a 
brilliant  Latin  novel  called  <The  Golden  Ass,>  a  most  inter- 
esting account  of  which,  with  examples,  is  given  in  the  Li- 
brary    2  597-612 

Gellius,  another  second-century  author,  produced  in  his  <  Attic 
Nights,  >  which  dealt  mostly  with  Roman  matters,  an  extremely 
readable  mass  of  information,  literary  and  historical,  and  espe- 
cially picturing  early  Roman  life  and  usages 16  6253-60 

"Tertullian  (A.  D.  160-240),  a  Latin  Church  Father  and  theological 
writer,  author  of  works  representing  Christian  development 
about  two  hundred  years  after  Christ .43        519 

Porphyrias  (A.  D.  233-304),  a  celebrated  Neo-Platonic  philosopher; 
successor  of  Plotinus  as  master  of  a  school  of  philosophy  at 
Rome;  author  of  a  history  of  philosophy,  and  of  a  work  against 
the  Christian  religion,  some  fragments  only  of  which  are  pre- 
served   43       436 

Athanasius,  Saint  (296-373),  an  eminent  African-Latin  father  of  the 
early  Christian  Church,  notable  for  his  influence  upon  dogmatic 
theology • 42         28 

Eutropius,  a  Latin  historian  (died  about  370),  secretary  to  Constan- 

tine,  and  author  of  an  <  Epitome  of  Roman  History  > 42        174 

Claudianus,  Claudius,  a  Latin  poet  of  the  fourth  century,  an  eminent 
public  official,  author  of  an  epic  and  other  pieces;  the  last  of 
the  non-Christian  poets  of  Rome 42        112 

Ausonius,  Decimus  Magnus  (A.  D.  310-94),  an  author  of  Latin  idyls, 

elegies,  and  epistles 42         30 

Prudentius,  Aurelius  Publius  Clemens  (350-410),  a  Christian  poet  of 
Spanish  birth ;  author  of  hymns,  theological  expositions  in  verse, 
and  of  religious  and  biblical  poems 43       442 

Avianus,    Flavius,    a    Latin   author  of   fables  about  the   end  of   the 

fourth  century  A.  D 42         31 

Ambrose,   Saint    (340-97),   an  eminent  father  of  the   Latin    Church, 

author  of  religious  writings  and  hymns 42  16 

Lactantius  Firmianus,  an  eminent  Christian  author  of  the  fourth 
century,  tutor  to  a  son  of  Constantine  the  Great,  and  known  as 
the  Christian  Cicero 43        320 


LATIN  — EGYPTIAN   LITERATURE  CCXV 

Sytnmachus,  Quintus  Aurelius  (A.  D.  350-405).  a  Roman  orator;  au- 
thor of  ten  books  of  extant  letters  of  much  historical  interest, 
and  of  fragments  of  speeches  recently  discovered 43        513 

Vincent  of  Lerins,  a  Latin  church  writer  of  the  first  half  of  the  fifth 
century  (about  450  A.  D.);  author  of  a  work  on  the  profane 
novelties  of  heretics,  in  which  was  laid  down  the  test  of  Cath- 
olic orthodoxy,  «what  everjrwhere,  what  always,  what  by  all, 
hath  been  believed  » 43        548 

Sidonius  Apollinaris,  a  conspicuous  literary  and  public  character  in 
the  Roman  Empire  of  the  fifth  century,  author  of  works  very 
valuable  as  a  picture  of  the  times  before  the  inroad  of  the  bar- 
barians   43       494 

Bo6tius,  who  lived  475-525  A.  D.,  wrote  in  the  prison  to  which  The- 
odoric,  the  barbarian  ruler  of  Rome,  had  consigned  him,  a  work 
called  <  Consolations  of  Philosophy, >  which  is  commonly  ac- 
counted «the  last  work  of  Roman  literature  >> 5  2133-40 

Fortunatus,  Clementianus  (530-609),  a  Latin  poet  of  Italian  birth; 
author,  at  the  French  court,  of  hymns,  epistles,  and  other 
verses • 42        196 

Strabo,  Walafrid   (809-49),   an  important  mediaeval  commentator  on 

Scripture,  and  writer  on  ecclesiastical  history  and  biography.  ..43        509 

Scotus  Erigena,  Joannes,  a'' renowned  mediaeval  philosopher  of  the 
ninth  century,  of  Irish  birth,  and  resident  in  France;  a  Platon- 
ist  and  author  of  writings  on  philosophy  and  religion  of 
broadly  liberal  character 43       487 

Vincent  of  Beauvais  (i  190-1264),  a  Dominican  friar,  a  great  mediaeval 
encyclopedist,  author  of  works  covering  the  whole  field  of 
thought  and  knowledge  in  his  time 43        548 

Roman  Poets  of  the  Later  Empire  are  grouped  in  the  Library  in  a 
critical  story  covering  some  four  centuries,  with  eleven  ex- 
amples showing  the  work  of  eight  poets 31   12357-72 


CHRONOLOGICAL  CONSPECTUS 

Literatures  which  have  no  record,  or  only  a  slight  one, 
in  books  still  existing  and  accessible,  are  shown  in  the  Library 
by  scholarly  sketches,  with  such  examples  as  will  afford  adequate 
illustration.  Professor  C.  H.  Toy,  of  Harvard  University,  gives 
a  sketch,  in  ten  pages,  of  Accadian-Babylonian  Literature 
(Vol.  i,  51-83)  with  twenty-three  pages  of  examples,  among  which 
appears  the  story  of  the  Flood,  from  which  the  Hebrew  story 
seems  to  have  been  derived. 

Egyptian  Literature,  of  which  a  full  sketch  is  given  in  eight 
pages,  is  admirably  illustrated  by  one  hundred  and  twelve  pages 


CCXVi  CHINESE— JAPANESE  — INDIAN  LITERATURE 

of  examples  (Vol.  xiii,  5225-344),  of  which  five  are  stories,  two 
are  historical,  eight  are  poetry,  and  seven  are  ethical  and  didac- 
tic. Elsewhere  also  in  the  Library  a  great  variety  of  information, 
supplementing  this  special  article,  will  be  found. 

Of  the  literature  of  China,  dating,  as  to  its  oldest  work,  the 
*  Yi  King^  or  Book  of  Changes,  from  B.C.  2852,  or  nearly  twenty 
centuries  before  Homer,  and,  as  to  the  present  form  of  its  great 
classics,  from  the  lifetime  of  Confucius  (B.C.  551-478),  the  Li- 
brary has,  in  the  compass  of  twenty  pages,  a  book  of  story  and 
selections  at  once  clear  and  full  (Vol.  ix,  3629-48).  The  fifty- 
four  selected  maxims  from  the  Chinese  sages  admirably  exemplify 
the  character  of  Chinese  teaching.  Some  other  names  of  note  in 
Chinese  literary  history  are  the  following: —        ^ 

Sze-ma  or  Suma  Kwang  (1009-86),  an  eminent  Chinese  statesman 
and  writer,  author  of  a  comprehensive  history  of  the  period 
B.C.  300  to  A.  D.  960... 43        513 

Wang-Chi-Fou,  a  Chinese  poet  of  the  thirteenth  century;  the  creator 
of  the  Chinese  opera ;  one  of  the  greatest  Chinese  dramatic  poets ; 
author  of  thirteen  plays,  of  which  only  two  «urvive 43        559 

Sze-ma  or  Su-ma  Ts'ien  (B.  C.  163-85),  the  greatest  of  Chinese  his- 
torians and  chronologers ;  author  of  the  first  general  history  of 
China  from  B.  C.  2697  to  B.  C.  104,  and  of  the  chronology  still 
prevailing  in  China 43        513 

Japanese  Literature  may  be  compared  with  Chinese  in  the 
book  of  forty-two  pages  devoted  to  its  history  and  character 
(Vol.  XX,  8145-86).  The  thirty-two  pages  of  examples  include 
*' archaic*^  (A.  D.  700-900);  ^^age  of  the  prose  classics'^  (A.  D. 
900-1200);  ^* mediaeval^*  (A.  D.  1200-1600);  and  *^ modern  ^^  (t6oo- 
1850).  It  is  a  capital  survey  by  an  American  scholar  long  resi- 
dent in  Japan. 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

The  Literature  of  India  has  a  book  of  sixty-three  pages  in 
the  Library  (Vol,  xx,  7905-67),  of  which  thirty-five  pages  tell  the 
story,  for  three  thousand  years,  of  a  literature  which  is,  in  some 
respects,  the  most  remarkable  known  to  the  history  of  the  human 
mind.  The  examples  cover  the  whole  ground  of  the  Veda  and 
Brahmanism;  Buddha  and  Buddhism;  Jainism;  the  great  epics; 
the  drama;  the  lyric  poetry;  and  modern  religious  poetry. 


INDIAN  LITERATURE  CCXvii 

The  Sacred  Books  of  the  East,  of  which  an  account  is  given 
in  the  ^Synopses  of  Noted  Books*  (Vol.  xlv,  415-17),  includes,  in 
particular,  a  large  representation  of  the  books,  commencing  with 
the  Vedas,  the  Brahmanas,  and  the  Upanishads,  which  are  the 
monument  of  the  intellectual  activity  and  the  religious  faith  of 
ancient  India.  To  enumerate  the  books  representative,  first  of 
the  vast  Brahmanical  development  of  Vedic  lore,  and  second  of 
the  vast  outgrowth  from  the  life  and  teaching  of  Buddha,  would 
require  a  very  long  special  list,  and  explanation  of  a  great 
number  of  unfamiliar  and  strange  names. 

PiLPAY,  OR  BiDPAi,  "court-scholar** — in  Sanskrit  Vidya-pati, 
**  master  of  sciences  ** —  a  lucid  and  scholarly  account  of  whom  is 
given  in  the  Library  by  Professor  Lanman,  of  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, is  an  imaginary  personage,  representative  of  the  fables  of 
India,  of  which  there  were  two  great  collections :  the  * Jataka,  * 
stories  of  -Buddhism,  five  hundred  and  fifty  in  number,  written 
in  Pali,  the  language  of  Buddhism  in  Ceylon ;  and  the  *•  Pan- 
chatantra  *  of  Brahmanism,  written  in  Sanskrit;  these  originals, 
however,  not  now  existing,  but  the  stories,  as  we  know  them, 
having  come  to  us  from  an  Arabic  version.  Of  these  very  inter- 
esting stories,  known  probably  in  the  dim  antiquity  of  India,  the 
Library  gives  twenty-four  examples  filling  forty-seven  pages 
(Vol.  xxix,  11437-86). 

Indian  Epigrams,  in  which  Sanskrit  literature  is  very  rich, 
are  exemplified  in  "songs  and  lyrics**  (Vol.  xlix,  16989-95). 

Names  of  particular  note  for  Indian  literature  later  than  the 
several  developments  from  the  Vedic  books  are  as  follows:  — 

Panini,  a  celebrated  Indian  philologist  of  the  fourth  century  B.C., 
author  of  a  philological  work  consisting  of  eight  books  of  San- 
skrit grammatical  rules 43       415 

Valmiki,  the  reputed  author  of  the  <Ramayana,>  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  Indian  epics,  dating  in  its  present  form  from  the 
last  century  B.  C 43        541 

Kalidasa,  the  Shakespeare  of  the  Sanskrit  literature-  of  India;  a 
great  poet  and  dramatist;  lived  about  550  A.  D.,  the  middle  of 
the  sixth  century  of  our  era,  and  wrote  dramatic,  lyrical, 
descriptive,  and  narrative  poetry.  The  Library  has  nineteen 
pages  of  examples 21  8455-76 

Bhatti,  an  Indian   epic  poet  of  the  sixth   or  seventh  century,   with 

grammatical  and  rhetorical  aims 42         58 

Bhavabhuti,   an   eighth-century  Indian  dramatic  poet,   ranking  next 

to  Kalidasa 42         58 


CCXViii  PERSIAN  LITERATURE 

Jayadeva,  a  Sanskrit  poet;  author  of  <Gita-Govinda,^  and  <Song  of  the 
Cowherd, >  a  masterpiece  of  art,  which  may  be  called  an  Indian 
Song  of  Songs;  lived  in  the  twelfth  century  of  our  era,  or 
about  six  hundred  years  later  than  Kalidasa.  The  Library 
gives  an  example  in  five  pages 20  8208-14 

Baber  (1482-1530),  a  great  man,  general,  monarch,  and  writer;  em- 
peror of  India  1527-30  A.  D. ;  wrote  <  Memoirs, >  in  Turki,  the 
English  translation  of  which  is  a  book  of  very  great  interest 
The   Library  gives  six  pages  of  examples 3   1141-48 

Malabari,  Behramji  Merwanji  (1853-),  an  eminent  journalist,  poet, 
and  social  reformer  of  India ;  a  native  of  wealth  and  distinction, 
ardently  devoted  to  the  elevation  of  his  countrymen;  author  of 
picturesque  and  humorous  poems,  and  of  various  political  and 
ethical  works 43       364 

Dutt,  Toru  (1856-77),  a  young  native  writer  of  Calcutta,  India, 
before  whose  death,  at  twenty-one,  some  remarkably  fine  trans- 
lations from  French  into  English,  and  other  rarely  good  work, 
had  given  an  example  of  the  new  India  of  culture,  speaking 
English,  and  conscious  of  European  relations 13  5075-83 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Persian  Literature,  in  its  extreme  antiquity  closely  related 
to  Sanskrit,  has  a  single  monument  of  importance  in  the  frag- 
ments which  remain  of  the  scriptures  of  Zoroastrianism,  the  Avesta. 

The  A  VEST  A,  or  Zend  Avesta  (Commentary-Text),  the  Bible 
of  the  modem  Parsis,  representing  the  teaching  of  Zoroaster  and 
the  religion  of  ancient  Persia,  next  in  age  to  the  Vedic  hymns 
and  Brahmanism,  is  the  subject  of  a  scholarly  story  in  the 
Library  (Vol.  iii,  1084-99),  w^ith  fine  examples  of  the  Zoroastrian 
utterances. 

FirdausI  (935-1020),  the  national  poet  of  Persia,  and  inaugurator  of 
a  new  Persian  era,  produced  a  monumental  epic  poem,  the 
<Shah  Namah,>  about  975  A.  D.  The  Library  has  a  full  critical 
account  and  fifteen  pages  of  examples  from  the  great  poem.  .14  5735-54 

Rudagi,  Farid-Addin  Muhammad  (died  about  954),  a  Persian  poet  of 
very  great  literary  activity  and  high  merit,  but  of  whose  works 
only  a  very  few  fragments  are  now  extant 43       471 

Omar  Khayydm,  a  great  poet  and  astronomer  of  Persia,  supposed 
to  have  lived  about  1050-1123  A.  D.,  wrote  <Rubaiyat>  or  four- 
line  stanzas,  about  one  hundred  of  which  have  been  recently 
worked  over  into  English  by  Edward  Fitzgerald.  The  Library 
gives  an  extremely  interesting  story  of  the  poet  and  his  work, 


PERSIAN  — ARABIC    LITERATURE  CCxix 

and  the  Fitzgerald  version  in  English  of  the  RubdiyAt  com- 
plete   2  1   8541-64 

Attar,  Ferid  eddin  (1119-1229),  a  celebrated  Persian  poet,  and  eminent 

dervish  and  mystic,  author  of  < Biographies  of  the  Saints,^ 42         28 

Nizami  (1141-1203),  one  of  the  foremost  classic  writers  of  Persia,  and 
second  only  to  Firdausi  in  romantic  epic,  achieved  great  success 
in  a  love  story  in  verse  about  11 81  A.  D.,  and  later  produced 
four  other  stories,  completing  the  five  works  which  are  called 
his  <  Five  Treasures  * 27  10665-71 

Sa'di,  the  didactic  poet  and  ethical  teacher  who  is  Persia's  best  rep- 
resentative of  universal  human  culture,  and  who  is  best  known 
by  his  <Gulistan>  (Rose-Garden),  lived  in  the  years  11 84-1 291. 
The  Library  has  Professor  Williams  Jackson's  critical  story  and 
a  large  body  of  examples  filling  twenty -two  pages 32  12634-58 

Rumi,  son  of  a  great  scholar  who  had  founded  a  college  in  Syria,  to 
the  care  of  which  he  succeeded,  is  famous  for  his  <Masnavi,>  a 
collection  of  tales,  anecdotes,  precepts,  parables,  and  legends, 
in  a  poem  of  some  30,000  or  more  rhymed  couplets.  He  lived 
in  the  years  A.  D.   1207-73 32   12487-94 

Hafiz,  a  famous  lyric  poet  of  Persia  in  the  fourteenth  century  (A.  D. 
1301-89),  was  at  once  the  greatest  and  almost  the  last  of  a 
long  line  of  Persian  poets.  The  Library  has  his  story,  told  by 
Professor  Williams  Jackson,  with  eleven  pages  of  fine  examples 
of  his  odes 17  6793-806 

JamI,  who  lived  in  the  years  1414-92,  and  was  a  very  prolific  writer, 
was  Persia's  last  classical  poet.  The  Library  has  a  full  ac- 
count of  his  genius  and  writings,  with  fine  examples  from  his 
masterpieces 20  81 10-16 

Hatifi,  Maulana  Abdallah,  a  Persian  poet  of  the  fourteenth  century 
(died  1520),  author  of  five  epics,  one  of  the  last  of  Persia's 
great  epic  poets > 42       252 

Feisi,  Abul-Feis  ibn  Mubdrak  (1547-95),  a  celebrated  Indo-Persian 
poet  and  scholar  at  the  court  of  the  Emperor  Akbar  of  India; 
author  of  numerous  scientific  treatises,  and  of  a  great  variety 
of  poems 42        182 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Arabic  Literature,  which  had  a  classical  period  of  elegant 
poetry  reaching  from  about  A.  D.  500  to  A.  D.  700,  is  closely- 
connected  in  history  with  the  appearance  and  phenomenal  crea- 
tive work  of  Mohammed,  an  untaught  man,  who,  able  neither  to 
write  nor  to  read,  yet  produced,  by  inspirational  speaking,  a  body 
of  prose  scriptures,  the  chapters  of  the  Koran,  which  at  once 
dominated   Arabic   literary   development.      A   general   account  of 


Ccxx  ARABIC  LITERATURE 

the  Arabic  poets  in  the  Library,  with  twenty-four  examples,  rep- 
resenting twenty-one  poets,  makes  a  rich  book  of  forty  pages 
(Vol.  ii,  665-704). 

The  Koran  (Vol.  xxii,  8707-24),  the  latest  in  time  of  the 
Sacred  Books  of  the  East,  and  the  Bible  of  Mohammedanism,  is 
the  subject  of  a  special  story  in  the  Library,  with  a  choice  selec- 
tion of  examples,  one  of  which  is  five  pages  in  length.  The  char- 
acter of  the  Koran  is  particularly  described  in  ^  Synopses  of 
Noted  Books  ^  (Vol.  xlv,  p.  420). 

Ka'b  ibn  Zahir,  a  noted  Arabic  poet,  contemporaneous  with  Moham- 
med, and  author  of  a  eulogy  upon  him 43        295 

Lebid,  ibn  Rabi'a  (about  575-662),  a  celebrated  Arabian  poet;  at  first 

an  opponent  of  Mohammed,  afterwards  an  adherent 43       331 

Zahir,  an  Arabian  poet ;  contemporary  with  Mohammed ;  author  of  one 
of  the  seven  representative  Arabic  poems,  published  by  Sir 
William  Jones  in  1782 43        593 

Abu-Nuvas  (-815),  an  Arabic  poet  at  Bagdad,  author  of  the  most  not- 
able Arabic  songs  of  love  and  wine 42  3 

Ibn  Koteiba,  Abdallah  ibn  Muslim  (828-90),  a  noted  Arabic  philolo- 
gist and  historian  at  Bagdad;  author  of  studies  of  poetry,  and 
of  a  <  Handbook  of  History  > 42       282 

Tabari,  a  celebrated  Mohammedan  historian  and  theologian  (839-921); 
author  of  <  Annals  >  of  human  history  to  A.  D.  914,  and  of  a  work 
of  exegesis  which  is  by  far  the  most  authoritative  exposition  of 
the  doctrine  of  the  Koran 43        513 

Masudi  (about  900-57).  an  Arabic  historian,  called  «the  Arabian 
Herodotus »;  author  of  a  history  of  his  time  and  a  story  of 
travels,    said  to  be  the  best  in  the  language 43       372 

Ibn  Sina  (Avicenna)  (980-1037),  the  greatest  of  Eastern  Muslim  phi- 
losophers and  physicians,  of  prodigious  literary  activity,  was  a 
Persian  by  race,  who  wrote,  in  Arabic,  first,  a  great  medical 
work,  which  ruled  the  science  of  medicine  for  many  generations, 
and  second,  philosophical  works  of  immense  influence  upon  the 
thought  of  the  Middle  Ages 19  7835-38 

Avicebron,  a  native  of  Spain  in  A.  D.  1028-58,  was  long  reputed  an 
Arab  philosopher,  but  was,  in  fact,  a  Jewish  poet  of  remarkable 
originality,  whose  work  in  Arabic,  <The  Fountain  of  Life,> 
greatly  influenced  Bruno,  Spinoza,  and  the  Schoolmen 3   1099-105 

Averroes,  of  Cordova,  Spain,  A.  D.  1126-98,  was  the  last  great  thinker 
to  contribute  to  Arabic  literature,  closing  a  period  of  four  hun- 
dred years  of  Ar3.bic  philosophy,  and  serving  to  make  Aristotle 
known  to  the  Western  World,  and  to  set  in  motion  a  vast 
amount  of  new  thinking  and  heresy 3   1079-83 

Ibn  Khallikan  (1211-81),  an  Arabic  scholar,  renowned  in  his  day  for 

numerous  works  in  every  department  of  literature 42       282 


HEBREW-CHRISTIAN   LITERATURE  CCXxi 

Antar,  a  name  representing  an  historical  person  of  about  A.  D.  550- 
615,  a  poet  and  hero;  and  also  an  historical  romance,  embody- 
ing the  story  and  poetry  of  the  real  Antar,  together  with  other 
stories  of  heroic  adventure;  and  making  a  romance,  which  is 
the  great  Arabic  classic  of  heroism  and  song,  dating  from 
about  A.  D.  1200 2    586-97 

Ibn  Tofail,  an  Arabic  physician  and  philosopher  towards  the  close  of 
the  twelfth  century,  author  of  a  celebrated  philosophical  ro- 
mance on  the  improvement  of  human  reason 42        282 

Abulfaraj  (1226-86),  an  Arabic  and  Syriac  writer  of  Jewish  birth;  au- 
thor of  a  universal  history  in  Syriac,  and  of  an  autobiography .  4  2  3 

Abulfeda,  Ismail  ibn  Ali    (1273-1331),   a   celebrated  Arabian  scholar 

and  historian,  compiler  of  a  history  of  the  human  race 42  3 

Ibn  Khaldrin  Abderrahman  (1322-1406),  an  Arabic  historian,  consid- 
ered one  of  the  greatest,  and  author  of  an  extended  history  of 
the  Arabs  and  Berbers   42        282 

Arabian  Nights,  a  collection  of  stories,  romances,  anecdotes,  quoted 
poems,  fables,  and  apologues,  of  generally  Arabic  substance 
and  color;  was  made  in  Egypt,  as  to  the  present  form,  not  far 
from  1400  or  1500  A.  D.,  but  may,  in  part,  have  come  much 
earlier  from  Bagdad,  when  it  was  an  Eastern  Mohammedan 
capital.  The  Library  has  a  full  story  of  the  book,  and  thirty- 
eight  pages  of  examples 2     622-64 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

Hebrew-Christian  Literature,  in  its  great  original  monu- 
ments, and  in  the  productions  secondary  to  these  and,  in  some 
sense,  supplementary  to  them,  covers  a  very  wide  field  of  extraor- 
dinary human  as  well  as  specially  religious  interest.  There  are  six 
productions,  in  particular,  calling  for  note,  in  a  survey  of  litera- 
ture, and  some  developments,  in  addition,  which  are  worthy  of  men- 
tion. 

The  Old  Testament  (Vol.  xxvii,  10775-818),  consisting  of  the 
sacred  books  of  the  Jews,  written  in  Hebrew,  and  forming  the 
Hebrew  half  of  the  Christian  Bible,  receives  singularly  interest- 
ing treatment  in  Professor  C.  H.  Toy's  review,  forty-four  pages 
in  length.  His  selections,  historical,  poetical,  and  prophetic,  are 
as  rare  examples  of  translation  as  any  ever  made. 

The  Apocrypha,  a  collection  of  Jewish  books  written  in  Greek 
and  supplementary  to  the  earlier  Hebrew  writings,  are  dealt 
with,  by  Professor  Toy,  in  the  review  just  mentioned;  and  works, 
such   as   the  <Book  of  Enoch,*  the  *  Sibylline  Oracles,*  and   some 


ccxxii  HEBREW-CHRISTIAN   LITERATURE 

Others,  are  included.  Readers  can  hardly  turn  to  anything  finer 
than  the  three  magnificent  odes  in  praise  of  wisdom,  which  Pro- 
fessor Toy  includes  among  his  examples. 

Septuagint  is  the  name  under  which  has  been  known  the 
Jewish  Bible  of  the  time  of  Christ,  with  its  Hebrew  books  trans- 
lated into  Greek.  It  requires  no  place  in  the  Library,  because  it 
was  simply  the  Hebrew  Bible  and  Apocrypha  in  a  version  for 
Greek  readers,  but  it  is  worthy  of  mention  inasmuch  as  it  was 
the  Bible  of  the  early  Christians,  the  only  Bible  known  to  the 
first  Christian  churches,  when  as  yet  the  New  Testament  writings 
had  not  been  collected. 

The  New  Testament,  a  collection  of  Christian  writings  of 
Jewish  authorship,  which  were  produced  during  the  Apostolic 
period  after  the  death  of  Christ,  or  in  the  age  next  after  this 
period,  and  were,  in  due  time,  added  on  to  the  Jewish  Bible,  to 
make  the  second  part  of  the  accepted  Christian  Bible.  It  is  dealt 
with  in  the  Library,  in  respect  of  literary  characteristics,  by 
the  eminent  English  divine.  Dr.  F.  W.  Farrar  (Vol.  xxvii, 
10565-96). 


CHRONOLOGICAL    CONSPECTUS 

The  Talmud  is  a  vast  book  of  supplementary  developments 
from  the  original  Hebrew  Jewish  books;  all  in  Hebrew,  and  con- 
sisting of  two  parts,  the  Mishna  (Repetition),  in  which  matters 
of  the  laws  of  the  Hebrew  Bible  are  propounded  and  passed 
upon,  and  the  Gemara  (Conclusion),  in  which  the  same  matters 
are  further  gone  over;  these  two  parts  being  the  record  of  the 
questions  raised  upon  points  of  Mosaic  law,  and  the  opinions, 
arguments,  decisions,  or  conclusions  advanced,  by  rabbis  or 
teachers  during  a  long  succession  of  generations.  The  whole 
story  is  told  in  the  Library  (Vol.  xxxvi,  14453-68);  and  in  the 
*  Synopses  of  Noted  Books  ^  (?•  22)  an  account  is  given  of  Dr. 
Rodkinson's  new  Talmud  in  English,  a  complete  version  of  the 
Babylonian  Talmud,  based  on  a  reconstruction  of  the  Hebrew  orig- 
inal, after  a  method  endorsed  by  the  best  Jewish  authorities  and 
by  the  most  competent  non-'Jewish  scholarship. 


JEWISH  LITERATURE  CCXxiii 

Jewish  Literature,  later  than  the  Biblical,  ajid  not  connected 
therewith  as  a  development  accounted  sacred  in  Jewish  opinion, 
presents  the  following  names  worthy  of  note:  — 

Philo  Judaeus  (B.  C.  20  to  A.  D.  50),  a  Jewish  philosopher  at  Alexandria ; 

a  most  notable  contemporary  of  Christ 43       428 

Josephus,  a  Jewish  writer  who  lived  in  the  years  A.  D.  37-100;  par- 
ticipated  in  very  important  matters,   and  became  attached  to        • 
the  Romans;  wrote  historical  works  and  a  defense  of  the  Jews 
and  their  religion 21   8361-84 

The  Kabbalah,  a  mass  of  literature  and  learning,  the  method 
of  which  is  peculiar,  is  a  development  on  general  lines  similar 
to  those  of  the  Talmud,  but  having  in  view  the  theosophy  of 
the  Hebrews  (Vol.  xxi,  8425-42),  and  carrying  theosophic  ideas 
out  into  a  system  of  magic  on  the  plane  of  popular  superstition. 
Its  strange  method  of  finding  what  may  be  called  cypher  mean- 
ings in  Bible  texts,  its  theory  of  the  ten  emanations  through 
which  the  Infinite  became  the  Creator,  its  representative  book, 
*Zohar,^  its  idea  of  the  divine  name  as  a  word  of  awful  super- 
natural power,  and  its  scheme  of  magic  and  sorcery,  are  carefully 
explained  in  the  Library. 

Kalir,  Eleazar  ben,  a  Hebrew  poet  of  the  eighth  century;  of  great 
religious  fame  and  influence  in  Italy,  Germany,  and  France; 
creator  of  the  Neo-Hebraic  poetry  made  to  imitate  the  Arabic .  4  3        296 

Hallevi,   Jehudah    (1080-1150),   a   Spanish- Jewish   poet   under   Arabic 

auspices,  physician,  and  astronomer 42        245 

Ibn  Esra,  Abraham  ben  Meir  (1092-1167),  a  noted  Jewish-Arabic 
poet  and  scholar  in  Spain,  one  of  the  earliest  critics  and  conv 
mentators  on  the  Bible 42        282 

Charisi,  Jehuda  ben  Salome  (1190-1235),   a  Spanish-Jewish  poet,    de- 
voted  to   Arabic   studies,  and   author   of  pictures  of  every-day 
Jewish  life  and  character 42        103 

Bahya  ben  Joseph  ben  Pakoda,   a  noted   Jewish  poet  and  religious 

writer  of  the  eleventh  century ' 42         36 

Enriquez    Gomez,   Antonio    (1600-),   a    Jewish-Spanish    poet,    author 

of  dramas  which  found  great  popular  favor.  .  .  .' 42        171 

Azulai,  Hayim  David,  a  noted  Jewish  bibliographer  of  the  eighteenth 

century 42         32 

Wise,  Isaac  Mayer  (1819-),  an  eminent  Jewish  rabbi;  president  of 
the  Hebrew  Union  College  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  a  leader  of  the 
reform  movement  in  American  Judaism  ;  and  author  of  historical 
and  religious  studies 43        581 

Cahen,  Isidore  (1826-),  a  French-Hebraist  historian  and  critic;  au- 
thor of  studies  of  <Job,>  and  of  Jewish  ideas  of  the  future  life. 4 2         88 


CCXxiv  JEWISH  LITERATURE 

Adler,  Hermann  (1839-),  an  English-German  writer,  chief  Jewish 
rabbi  of  the  British  Empire  and  author  of  works  of  Jewish  in- 
terest     42 

Kohut,  Alexander  (1842-94),  an  eminent  Jewish -American  scholar 
and  Talmudist,  one  of  the  greatest  Orientalists  and  Semitic 
scholars  of  his  age,  author  of  a  <  Complete  Dictionary  of  the 
Talmud  > 43 

Adler,  Felix  (1851-)  a  Jewish  humanist  and  scholar,  notable   Ethical 

Culture  representative,  speaker,  and  writer 42 


311 


OUTLINE  SURVEY  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  TOPICS 

AND 

CHIEF  LINES  OF  INTEREST      , 


15  (ccxxv; 


'  For  every  climate  there  is  an  answering  type  of  humanity. " 

—J,  W.  Draper,  12:  4866. 


EXPLANATION 


jN  EXECUTING  this  section  of  the  Index-Guide  the  general  idea  is  to  give 
easy  access  to  the  various  lines  of  interest  which  are  represented  in 
the  Library.  To  do  this  it  is  necessary,  first,  to  select  those  items 
which  are  specially  representative  of  the  chief  lines  of  interest,  and  then  to 
bring  them  into  groups,  such  as  will  place  each  particular  interest  in  the  best 
light.  In  the  case  of  topics  not  calling  for  a  very  large  number  of  references, 
not  much  more  is  required  than  to  give  the  items  in  chronological  order.  But 
in  the  case  of  topics  calling  for  a  large  number  of  references  it  is  necessary 
to  arrange  a  number  of  groups  of  items,- in  each  of  which  some  one  line  of 
interest,  such  as  discovery,  history,  poetry,  novels,  etc.,  will  be  represented. 
It  is  manifestly  impossible,  in  the  case  of  some  items,  to  exactly  place  them 
as  belonging  under  one  particular  line,  and  one  only.  The  only  practicable 
thing  is  to  group  the  various  items  according  to  their  chief  interest,  so  that  a 
person  looking  for  some  item  of  discovery,  for  example,  will  find  it  grouped 
with  the  other  items  of  discovery;  or  if  a  person  wishes  to  look  along  the  line 
of  the  poets  of  a  country,  it  may  be  done  by  a  simple  survey  of  a  group,  in 
which  all  the  important  poets  appear. 

The  reader  will  find  Africa  and  America,  which  fall  into  the  first  and  sec- 
ond places  in  the  alphabetical  line  of  « parts  of  the  world  and  nations  of  cul- 
ture calling  for  particular  note,>>  representative  respectively  of  the  two  classes 
of  sections  alluded  to  above ;  and  under  America  may  be  noted  the  general 
method  of  grouping,  which  has  been  spoken  of.  For  the  separation  of  groups, 
not  very  exactly,  but  distinctly  enough  to  guide  the  eye,  blank  spaces  of  one 
or  two  lines  have  been  used. 

For  reference  to  any  author,  with  particular  reference  to  the  line  of  inter- 
est represented  by  such  author,  it  is  only  necessary  to  look  first  for  his  nation- 
ality and  chronological  date.  Reference  to  the  name  of  the  author  in  volumes 
42  and  43,  in  which  the  names  of  authors  appear  in  alphabetical  order,  will  give 
both  nationality  and  date.  It  will  then  be  easy  to  refer  to  the  proper  national 
conspectus  and  to  look  along  to  the  date  of  the  author  and  the  description,  indicat- 
ing under  what  group,  or  line  of  interest,  the  name  should  appear.  Reference 
to  the  proper  national  section  and  group  will  then  be  easy.  It  is  not,  however, 
expected  that  such  an  inquiry  for  an  author's  position  will  be  needed.  In  most 
cases  an  author  will  be  known,  in  respect,  at  least,  of  nationality,  and  of  gen- 
eral character  as  novelist,  poet,  orator,  etc. ;  and  the  reader  can  turn  directly 
to  the  group  to  which  the  author  belongs. 

In  a  scheme  of  sections  and  groups  representing  so  many  lines  of  interest, 
it  is  impossible  to  have  any  particular  name  appear  in  all  the  places  where  it 
might  be  looked  for.  But  readers  will,  without  difficulty,  understand  that  a 
name  not  found  under,  for  example,  Austria,  may  be  found  under  Vienna;  or 
that  certain  French  names  may  appear  under  Paris  rather  than  under  France. 
It  is  not  the  purpose  of  the  scheme  to  g^ve  everything  that  could  be  given 
under  any  particular  head,  but  to  make  as  good  representative  selections  as 
possible  under  each  head. 

(ccxxvi) 


CCXXVll 


OUTLINE    SURVEY 

OF   THE 

Principal  Topics  and  Chief  Lines  of  Interest 

OCCURRING   IN   OR   RUNNING  THROUGH   A   PRESENTATION  OF  THE 

Literatures  of  the  world;  designed  to  Guide  the  Reader, 

Student,  Writer,  or  Speaker,  to  a  Great  Variety 

OF  Treasures  of  Valuable  Information 

AND    Literary    Entertainment. 


I 

Parts  of  the  World  and  Nations  of  Culture, 
calling  for  particular  note,  in  connection  with  the  books 
through  which  they  are  known. 

AFRICA 

Africa,  the  second  largest  of  the  continents  (11,500,000  square 
miles),  has  within  a  short  time  only  had  any  other  interest,  out- 
side of  Egypt,  than  that  of  the  dark  land  from  which  negroes 
were  supplied  for  human  slavery  in  various  parts  of  the  world. 
The  extinction  of  the  trade  in  negroes,  initiated  by  Great  Britain, 
and  the  subsequent  overthrow  of  slavery,  first  under  British 
auspices,  and  then  through  the  issues  of  the  Civil  War  in  the 
United  States,  were  accompanied  or  followed  by  humanitarian 
efforts  in  Africa  itself  to  stop  the  slave-hunting  expeditions  of 
Arab  and  other  barbarian  Orientals;  and  with  these  efforts 
schemes  of  extensive  exploration  were  carried  out,  at  once  in  the 
interest  of  humanity  and  of  science.  Exploration  led  to  occupation, 
real  or  nominal,  by  various  European  powers,  until  the  whole 
continent  became  fairly  known,  intelligently  mapped,  and,  to  a 
large  extent,  occupied  or  held  with  reference  to  colonization  and 
civilization.  English  culture,  which  had  planted  long  since,  along 
with  Dutch,  on  the  southern  extremity  of  the  continent,  has 
recently  entered  through   Egypt,  one  of  the  most  ancient  homes 


CCXXViii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE   PRINCIPAL 

of  human  culture,  to  rescue  that  land  of  marvelous  ruins  from 
the  influences  of  barbarism,  and  to  carry  a  highway  of  enlight- 
ened occupation  from  the  mouth  of  the  Nile  to  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope.  The  story  of  Africa  is  thus  already  one  of  the  most  in- 
teresting to  which  the  cultivated  mind  can  give  attention.  The 
books  which  contain  that  story  are  of  rare  interest. 

Alexandria  in  Africa  under  Ptolemy  II.,  the  intellectual  and  artistic    " 

centre  of  the  Greek  world 37    14770 

St.  Augustine,  one  of  the  greatest  of  the  Latin  Fathers,  born  in  Nu- 

midia,  and  bishop  of  Hippo,  in  Africa,  A.  D.  395-430 3  1014-16 

Synesius,  a  Greek  bishop  and  poet  at  Cyrene,  375-415 43        513 

Leo  Africanus's  ^Description  of  Africa >  (about  A.  D.  1517) 43       337 

John   Leyden's   *■  Historical  Account  of  Discoveries  in  Northern  and 

Western  Africa  >  (1789) 43       341 

Vaillant's  celebrated  French  travels  in  South  Africa 43        541 

Sir  John  Barrow's  <  Travels  in  the  Interior  of  Southern  Africa  > 42         45 

Bayard  Taylor's  <  Journey  to  Central  Africa  >  (1854) 36  14519 

Livingstone's  labors  in  Africa  from  1840  to  1873;   his  <  Researches  in 

South  Africa >   (1857),    <  Expedition  to  the  Zambezi >    C1865),   and 

<Last  Journals  in  Central  Africa,   1865-73  ^ 43       345 

Speke's  explorations  with  Burton,  and  discovery  of  the  Great  Lakes 

of  Central  Africa  and  of  the  source  from  them  of  the  Nile 43        501 

Richard   Burton's  reports    of  explorations  in    the    <Lake   Regions  of 

Central  Africa  > 7  2883-84 

Du    Chaillu's    <  Explorations   and    Adventures    in    Equatorial    Africa  > 

(1855-59) ;  and  <A  Journey  to  Ashango-Land  >  (1867) 44       iii 

Wissmann,  author  of  important  German  reports  of  explorations  en- 
tirely across  Africa,  in  1880-82  and  1890 43       581 

Oskar  Lenz's  German  explorations  from  1874  to  1895 4  3       336 

Stanley's    explorations   in    the    years    1874-90,    and   founding    of    the 

Congo  Free  State 4  3       503 

Stanley's  narrative  of  travel  across  the  continent  in  1874-78 45       478 

Schweinfurth's   Nile  Valley  explorations,  and  work  <In  the   Heart  of 

Africa  >  (1864-74) 43       486 

Baker's  exploration  (1861-65)  of  the  sources  of  the  Nile 44       245 

Baker's  <  Albert  Nyanza*  and  <Nile  Tributaries  of  Abyssinia  > 3        1277 

Henry  Drummond,  on  <  Tropical  Africa,  >  outlining  the  water-route  to 

the  heart  of  Africa,  with  an  account  of  the   slave-trade 45        559 

A.  H.  Keane's  comprehensive  work.  Vol.  i.,  < North  Africa*;  Vol.  ii., 

< South  Africa, >  thoroughly  describing  the  whole  continent 44        iii 

Felix  Dubois's  story  of  a  long  journey  to  Timbuctoo  in  French  Africa. 45       465 

Edmondo  de  Amicis  on  Morocco  ........  44       100 

Bosworth  Smith's  <  Carthage  and  the  Carthaginians  > 45       548 

A.  J.  Church's  <Story  of  Carthage> 45        549 

English  Literature  at  Cape  Town   in  Olive   Schreiner's  *  Story  of  an 

African  Farm  > 33   12957-59 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCXxix 


AMERICA 

The  vast  double  Western  Continent,  with  the  islands  adjacent, 
which  geologically  are  a  part  of  it,  represents  an  area  of  about 
14,796,988  square  miles.  It  occupies  about  150  degrees  of  longi- 
tude and  135  degrees  of  latitude,  and  counts  a  population  of 
about  125,000,000.  In  the  history  of  its  discovery  it  is  important 
to  note  three  distinct  chapters.  First,  Columbus  whose  one 
thought  was  to  find,  and  to  prove  to  Europe  that  he  had  found, 
what  he  called  "  the  Isles  of  India  beyond  the  Ganges,  '*  discov- 
ered island  regions  only,  and  put  upon  them  the  false  name  of 
"West  Indies.^*  He  did  not  see  any  continental  land  until  Au- 
gust, 1498,  and  did  not,  either  then  or  at  any  later  time,  con- 
sider that  he  had  discovered  a  new  continent.  Second,  John 
Cabot  had,  about  July  4  (June  24,  old  style),  1497,  and  on  a 
second  voyage  later,  very  fully  discovered  what  we  know  as  North 
America,  and  this  fact  eventually  determined  the  English  destiny 
of  North  America.  Third,  other  navigators  whose  interest  was 
not  biased  by  anxiety  about  India  and  its  islands,  independently 
discovered  and  explored  an  immense  extent  of  the  coast  of  the 
great  South  Continent,  and  from  these  discoveries  arose  the  idea 
that  a  New  World  had  been  found.  To  this  New  World  of  con- 
tinental land,  with  no  reference  to  the  islands  to  which  the 
interest  of  Columbus  was  confined,  the  name  of  America  was 
given,  at  the  suggestion  of  a  geographer,  made  in  consequence  of 
four  letters  of  Americus  Vespucius  in  which  the  discoveries  were 
reported.  The  name  was  extended  at  a  later  date  to  the  North- 
ern Continent,  and  at  a  still  later  date  was  made  to  include 
Columbus's  West  Indies. 

Africa  and  America  came  into  historical  interest  together,  in 
this  way :  The  Portuguese  had  carried  on  for  two  generations 
before  Columbus  persistent  explorations  down  the  west  coast  of 
Africa  to  find  a  sea-way  to  India,  and  in  July,  1497,  to  May 
20,  1498,  their  -  great  navigator  Da  Gama  succeeded  in  sailing 
round  the  southern  cape  of  Africa  and  across  the  Indian  Ocean 
to  India.  The  next  year  after  his  return,  Cabral,  sailing  with  a 
fleet  from  India  for  Portugal,  was  driven  by  storms  over  to  what 
is  now  Brazil,  and  May  i,  1500,  established  a  claim  of  Portugal  to 
all  that  vast  region.      This   was   a   discovery   which   would  have 


CCXXX  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE   PRINCIPAL 

been  made  precisely  the  same  if  Columbus  had  never  sailed,  and 
it  was  in  consequence  of  this  that  the  continental  regions  were 
first  known  to  Europe  through  the  report  of  Vespucius,  and  the 
name  America  given  to  them.  By  these  discoveries,  England, 
Portugal,  and  Spain  ultimately  became  rivals  for  domination  in 
the  New  World.  England  defeated,  in  a  great  historic  struggle, 
the  attempt  of  France  to  secure  a  large  share  of  North  America, 
and  the  United  States  arose  as  England's  daughter. 

In  number  of  square  miles,  British  power  has  a  breadth  of  area 
and  control  nearly  equal  to  that  of  the  United  States  (3,495,598  square 
miles  British  to  3,602,990  United  States) ;  but  in  weight  of  population 
and  developments  of  every  kind,  the  United  States  so  far  exceeds 
not  only  British  America  but  all  Central  and  South  America  as 
to  commonly  obtain  for  itself  alone  the  designation,  America. 
But  to  the  student  of  history  English  culture  on  British  ground 
has  no  separation  from  culture  in  the  United  States;  and,  if  we 
take  note  of  the  prospects  of  the  future,  every  part  of  the  great 
southern  half  of  the  double  continent,  not  to  mention  the  islands 
notably  connected  with  the  discovery  of  the  New  World,  has 
already  begun  to  contribute,  and  will  in  the  not  distant  future 
contribute  largely,  to  literature  of  importance.  Canada  and  the 
United  States  represent  the  extension  of  English  literature;  and 
similarly  the  states  of  Central  America,  and  those  of  South 
America,  represent  extension  of  the  literatures  of  either  Spain  or 
Portugal. 

De  Costa's  *■  The  Pre-Columbian  Discovery  of  America  by  the  North- 
men ^ •.42        136 

Andre  Rollinat's  <  Researches  on  the  Forerunners  of  Christopher 
Columbus  in  America,  >  <  The  Norwegian  Sagas  and  the  Scandi- 
navian Navigators,  >  <  History  of  the  Norse  Navigators,  *  and 
*■  Researches  on  the  Discovery  of  Brazil  by  a  Navigator  of  the 
Fifteenth  Century > 43       465 

Icelandic  Manuscript  known  to  have  been  in  existence  as  early  as 
A.  D.  1395,  included  a  saga  devoted  to  the  history  of  pre-Colum- 
bian discoveries  by  the  Northmen 20     7874 

Weise's  <  Discoveries  of  America  to  the  Year  1525, >  and  the  name  of 

the  << New  World »  suggested 44       351 

Major's  <  Prince  Henry  of  Portugal,  Surnamed  the  Navigator,^  show- 
ing the  discovery,  apart  from  Columbus,  of   half  the  world 44   425-27 

Harrisse's  <  John  Cabot,  the  Discoverer  of  North  America  > 44       374 

Lives  of  < Christopher   Columbus,^   Justin    Winsor's    (1891),    43    580; 

C.  K.  Adams's  (1892),  424;  Henri  Harrisse's  (1884-85;  two  vols.)  42       250 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cCXXxi 

The  <  Letters  >  (1502)  of  Amerigo  Vespucci,  or  Americus  Vespucius, 
giving  an  account  of  continental  discoveries  down  the  east  coast 
of  the  great  South  Continent,  which  suggested  calling  the  new 
world  "America* 43       546 

The  <  Conquerors  of  the  New  World, >  and  <The  Spanish  Conquest  in 
America  >  (with  special  reference  to  Spanish -American  slavery), 
by  Sir  Arthur  Helps 45       558 

Richard  Hakluyt's  <  Divers  Voyages  Touching  the  Discovery  of  Amer- 
ica*; <  Particular  Discourse,*  concerning  the  importance  to  Eng- 
land of  the  American  discoveries;  and  <The  Principal  Naviga- 
tions, Voyages,  and  Discoveries  of  the  English  Nation,*  works  of 
the  first  importance  for  comprehending  the  English  origins  of 
North  America 17  6807-09 

The  first  book  printed  in  the  New  World,  a  Spanish  work  of  the 
year  1537;  more  than  one  hundred  Spanish  South  American  books 
before  1600 20     8046 

Brinton's  <  American  Hero  Myths:  A  Study  in  the  Native  Religions 
of  the  Western  Continent,*  44  27;  and  *  Myths  of  the  New  World: 
a  Treatise  on  the  Mythology  of  the  Red  Race  of  America  * 44        1 56 

Schoolcraft's   ethnological    researches    on   the    antiquities,    races,    and 

legends  of  America 43       485 

E.  H.  Davis's  notable  work,   <  Ancient  Monuments  of  the  Mississippi 

Valley  * 42        134 

[See  also  under  Central  America  and  South  America.] 

The   famous   <  Jesuit  Relations,*   reports  of   French  work  in   Canada 

1610-1791 45       476 

Parkman's  <  France  and  England  in  North  America,*  a  great  series  of 
works  embodying  the  story  of  the  struggle  of  France  and  Eng- 
land in  the  New  World 28   1 1087 ;  4 4  83 

Faillon's  comprehensive  history  of  the  French  in  Canada 42        178 

Historical  romance  of  the  capture  of  Quebec,  44  292;  story  of  life  in 

Quebec  about  1748 44        148 

Captain  John  Smith's  story  of  the  founding  of  Virginia,  at  James- 
town, in  1607 43  498 ;  4  5  498 

Bancroft,  on  the  beginnings  of  Virginia 4        1439 

Colonial  Virginia  under  Governor  Berkeley  depicted  in  Mrs.  Gk)odwin's 

<  White  Aprons  * 45        529 

<The  Head  of  a  Hundred,*  by  Maude  Wilder  Goodwin,  a  picture  of 

Virginia  in  1619-22   44    255-56 

Justin  Winsor's  < Narrative  and  Critical  History  of  America,*  and  other 

elaborate  and  valuable  contributions  to  American  history  ...  4  3  580 ;  4  4  24 

Hildreth's  exhaustive  and  accurate  <  History  of  the  United  States,* 
from  the  discovery  of  America  to  the  close  of  Monroe's  first 
admmistration 18     7371 

American  history,  its  periods  and  epochs,  in  Bancroft's  <  History  of 
the  United  States,*  and  < History  of  the  Formation  of  the  Consti- 
tution * 4  1435-37 


CCXXxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE   PRINCIPAL 

Palfrey's  important  <  History  of  New  England  > 28    10988 

Sparks's  American  biography  library  (60  lives  in  25  vols.),  and  edi- 
tions of  the  writings  of  Washington  and  Franklin 43        501 

John  Fiske's  extremely  interesting  <Discovery  of  America, >  <The  Begin- 
nings of  New  England,  >  <The  American  Revolution, >  <The  Critical 
Periodof  American  History, >  and  ^American  Political  Ideas  \42   190;  14  5778 

Theodore  Roosevelt's  <  Winning  of  the  West,>  a  comprehensive  study 

of  American  developments  after  the  Revolution 45        495 

Schouler's  < History  of  the  United  States  under  the  Constitution)  ...  .43       485 

John  Bach  McMaster's  <  History  of  the  People  of  the  United  States  > 

(1789-1860) 24  9503;  4  5  495 

Henry   Adams's   <  History  of  the  United  States  from    1801    to   1817,* 

and  <  Lives  >  of  Gallatin  and  John  Randolph i  no 

John  Quincy  Adams's  < Diary  *  and  < Memoirs > i   136;  42  5 

H.    H.    Bancroft's    complete    <  History   of    the    Pacific    States,  >    from 

Mexico  to  Alaska 42         40 

J.  F.  Rhodes's  impartial  and  scholarly  <  History  of  the  United  States  > 

since  1850 31    12206 

The  Comte  de  Paris's  <  History  of  the  Civil  War  in  America  > 44         25 

Montesquieu's  <  Spirit  of  Laws,>  used  by  Americans  in  the  period 
1765-76  to  justify  their  assertion  of  colonial  rights,  and  specially 
fruitful  in  political  effects  in  aid  of  the  American  Revolution,  26 
10252;  its  use  by  Washington  and  Madison,  10253;  promoted  the 
successful  separation  of  the  three  functions  of  the  State 26    10254 

Burke's   speeches  in  the   English   Parhament,   7   2783;  and  his  impor- 

taht  contributions  to  the  history  of  the  American  Revolution  ...  7  2782-83 

George  Washington's  genius  for  patriotism,  greatness  in  services,  and 
extraordinary  power  of  mind  and  character,  38  15665-67;  his  <  Fare- 
well Address  > 38    15667-82 

Passionate  appreciation  of  the  character  of  Washington  by  George 
Bancroft,  4  1435,  1453-58;  Theodore  Parker's  estimate  of  Washing- 
ton, 45  352;  George  Morgan's  picture  of  Washington  in  the  darkest 
days  of  the  Revolution 44       287 

Patrick  Henry's  brilliant  career   as  a  statesman  and   orator;  «I   am 

not  a  Virginian,  but  an  American*.    18      7241 

Thackeray's  *■  The  Virginians  > 44  51 

Benjamin  Franklin's  career  as  a  statesman  and  diplomatist,  i  5   5925- 

37 ;  Mirabeau's  <  Elegy  on  Franklin  > 25    10085 

John  Dickinson,  a  conspicuous  early  Pennsylvania  political  leader. .  .  .42        144 

Career  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  patriot,  diplomat,  and  President,  2  i  8229; 
<  Notes  on  Virginia,  >  his  only  important  book,  8229;  the  dominant 
principle  of  his  political  creed,  8231;  with  Washington,  Franklin, 
and  Lincoln,  one  of  the  four  Americans  of  greatest  eminence  in 
public  service,  8230 ;  became  third  President  of  the  United  States 
(1801-09)    21      8236 

<The  Declaration  of  Independence, >  by  Thomas  Jefferson,  21  8237-44; 

M.  C.  Tyler  on  the  Declaration -. 37    15136 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCXXxiii 

Services  of  Thomas  Paine  to  the  American  Revolution 28    10975 

Thomas  Paine's  < The  American  Crisis> 44         26 

The  French  dramatist  Beaumarchais,  a  chief  agent  in  supplying  the 

American  Revolution  with  arms,  ammunition,  and  supplies  4        1658 

John  Adams,  a  chief  Revolutionary  patriot;  second  President  of  the 
United  States;  a  masterly  writer;  his  <  Familiar  Letters, >  < Defense 
of  the  Constitution  and  Government  of  the   United   States,  >  and 

<  Life  and  Works,>  edited  by  his  grandson 425;!   126-30 

Alexander  Hamilton,  his  position  in  American  history,  his  distinction 
in  public  life,   17   6891;  <  Memoirs  and  Life  of,>  by  his   son,  42 

246 ;  his  view  of  the  evil  of  state  sovereignty 17      691 1 

James  Madison,  fourth  President  of  the  United  States  (1809-17),  his 
writings,  public  career,  distinction  as  « Father  of  the  Constitu- 
tion,»  24  9531-34;  43  361;  his  action  in  consenting  to  the  War  of 
1812   justified   by   Henry  Adams's    new   <  History  of   the    United 

States,  1801-17  > I  III 

James  Monroe,  fifth  President  (for  two  terms,  1817-25),  of  the  United 
States,    and    a    notable   representative    of   an    important    era    in 

American  history 43        387 

Andrew  Jackson's   Battle  of  New  Orleans 21      8574 

Importance  of  John  C.  Calhoun  as  an  original  political  thinker 7  3087-89 

John  Quincy  Adams,  sixth  President  of  the  United  States,  and  nota- 
ble anti-slavery  leader  in  Congress,  i  135 ;  speech  on  Nullification 
(July  4,  1831),  142;  his  < Diary  and  Memoirs*  edited  by  his  son, 

Charles  Francis  Adams   42  5 

Notable  oratory  and  statesmanship  of  Henry  Clay,  9  3761  ;  splendid 
leadership  in  carrying  the  Missouri  Compromise,  3766;  Slavery 
question  raised  in  1818-21  by  the  admission  of  Missouri,  3766;  and 

again  by  the  admission  of  California 38    15732 

Statesmanship,  eloquence,  and  personal  distinction  of  Daniel  Webster, 

3  8  15725-35 ;  his  exposition  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine 38    15728 

Distinction  of  William  Wirt  as  lawyer,  statesman,  orator,  and  author. 39    16090 

The  American  Union  considered  an  experiment  before  1812 38    15728 

Thomas  H.  Benton's  <  Abridgment  of  the  Debates  of  Congress  >  to 
the  year  1850,  and  < Thirty  Years'  View*  of  the  workings  of  the 

government  of  the  United  States 42         54 

James  G.  Blaine's  public  career  and  < Twenty  Years  in  Congress*. 42  62:  45  405 
Charles    Francis   Adams's  eminent  services  as  minister  to    England, 

during  and  after  the  Civil  War,  1861-68 42  4 

Charles  Sumner,  eminent  American  scholar,  jurist,  orator,  and  states- 
man;  the  uncompromising  advocate  in  the  United  States  Senate 

of  the  most  advanced  ideal   measures 36   14221-23 

Extraordinary  distinction  of  Wendell  Phillips  as  an  orator  from  1837 

to  1884 29    1 1409 

Horace  Greeley,  greatest  of  American  journalists 17     6653 

Parton's  <  Life  of  Horace  Greeley,*  the  portrayal  of  a  typical  American, 
28  1 1 123;  <  Lives  *  also  of  Aaron  Burr,  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  An- 
drew Jackson 28    11124 


CCXXxiv  OUTLINE  SURVEY  OP  THE   PRINCIPAL 

Jefferson  Davis,  President  from  February  9,  1861,  of  the  Confederate 

States 42       134 

Hay  and  Nicolay's  comprehensive  <  Life  and  Times  of  Abraham  Lin- 
coln,>  1 8  7098;  H.  W.  Mabie  on  Abraham  Lincoln 23  9059-64 

I.  N.  Arnold's  <  Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln  > 42         26 

Hemdon's  <  Recollections  of  Abraham  Lincoln  > 44         14 

Mr.  Punch  on  Abraham  Lincoln 4 o    16353 

Distinction   in    military    service    and    memoir-writing   of    Ulysses    S. 

Grant,    1 6  6593-600 ;  his  <  Personal  Memoirs  > 4  4         82 

John  Sherman's  <  Recollections  of  Forty  Years  in  the  House,  Senate, 

and  Cabinet  > 4  3       493 

Distinction  as  a    political   orator,    statesman,    and  journalist  of  Carl 

Schurz 3  3   12974-78 

Andrew  D.  White  as  statesman,  scholar,  diplomat,   and  educational 

leader 39    15851 

John  Hay,    his  authorship   (with   J.  G.  Nicolay)  of  <Life  and  Times 

of  Abraham  Lincoln, >  and  career  as  a  diplomat 18  7097-98 

Horace  Greeley  on  the  <  American  Conflict  > 45       454 

Eggleston's  scheme  of  a  *  History  of  Life  in  the  United  States  >  ....  13      5216 

James  Bryce's  <  The  American  Commonwealth  > 44  26 ;  6  2644 

De  Tocqueville's    <  Democracy  in    America, >  a  brilliant   study  of  the 

United  States  as  a  realization  of  the  democratic  ideals  essential 

to  political  progress 3  7    14965-69 

Nathaniel  Ward's   <Body  of   Liberties  >   (1641),  the  first  code  of  laws 

established  in  New  England 43       561 

Kent's    <  Commentaries    on    American    Law,>  one    of    the    intellectual 

monuments  of  our  country 43       301 

Joseph  Story's  extremely  important  <  Commentaries  on  the  Constitution 

of  the  United  States >  and  < Commentaries  on  the  Conflict  of  Laws*.  43       508 

Curtis's  < History  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States* 42        127 

Von   Hoist's  elaborate   <  Constitutional  and    Political    History  of    the 

United  States  > 19      7496 

Charles  W.   Eliot  on  <  American  Contributions  to  Civilization  > 44         26 

Dr.  Elisha   Mulford's    <The    Nation*  conspicuously    inspired    by    the 

Civil  War 26    10415 

Captain  Mahan's  argfument  for   increase  of  interest  in  naval-military 

matters;  < Importance  of  Cruisers  and  of  Strong  Fleets  in  War*. 2 4  9581-88 
E.  L.  Godkin  on  the  emergency  war  strength  of  the  United  States.  .16     6376 

Jonathan  Edwards's  exceptional  distinction  as  a  metaphysician  and 

religious  evangelist 13  5175-79 

Dr.  W.  E.  Channing's  notable  representative  position  in  the  develop- 
ment from  Puritanism  of  Unitarianism g        3513 

Career   of    Lyman    Beecher    as   a    vigorous    preacher    and    energetic 

humanitarian  reformer 42         51 

Henry  Ward  Beecher,  conspicuous,  powerful,  and  brilliant  preacher 
and    lecturer;    Plymouth    Church    pastor    in    Brooklyn,    1847-87; 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCXXXV 

immensely  influential  for  new  departure  in  theology  and  humani- 
tarian reform  in  social  and  political  affairs 4  1713 1  4*   5i 

Theodore   Parker's  notable  career  in   Boston  as  an  orator  of  reform 

and  a  preacher  of  new  departure  in  theology 28   1 1073-77 

Phillips  Brooks's  very  great  fame  at  home  and  abroad  for  pulpit  elo- 
quence and  new  departure  theology 6  2417-24 

Dr.  Elisha  Mulford's  eminence  as  a  political  thinker  in  <The  Nation,* 

and  as  a  religious  expositor  in  <The  Republic  of  God* 26  10415-16 

Edward    Everett's  remarkable  accomplishments  as  a  scholar,  orator, 

and  diplomat 14  5605-07 

Rufus  Choate's  phenomenal  success  as  an  advocate  of  marvelous  elo- 
quence and  intellectual  power 9  3649-56 

George    William    Curtis,    journalist,    essayist,    lecturer,    and    publicist 

(1851-92) 10  4221-25 

Notable  literary  and  senatorial  career  of  Henry  Cabot  Lodge;  au- 
thor of  lives  of  Washington,  Hamilton,  and  Webster,  and  of  other 
historical  studies 43        347 

John    Boyle   O'Reilly's  American-Irish   distinction   in   journalism  and 

poetry 27    10857-60 

Dr.  W.  C.  Prime's  notable  editorial  career  in  New  York,  and  author 

of  travels  and  art  studies 30    11820 

Prescott's  fame  as  an  American  scholar  and  historian 30    11 769 

John  Lothrop  Motley's  eloquence,  extraordinary  skill  in  narration, 
and  warmth  of  feeling,  in  works  of  great  importance  for  Dutch 
history 26  10373-80 

Henry  Charles  Lea's  distinction  as  an  historical  scholar,  and  author 

of  studies  of  mediaeval  history  of  exceptional  value 43       331 

Bayard    Taylor's    career    of    travel,    and    his    translations    from    the 

German 36  14518-21 

Richard  Grant  White's  contribution  to  Shakespeare  study 39    15876 

Horace    Howard    Furness,  celebrated    editor    of   an   exhaustive   New 

Variorum  Edition  of  Shakespeare 42       205 

Notable  figure  made  by  W.  W.  Story  as  a  sculptor,  artist,  and  author  35    1405 1 

Conspicuous  position  of  E.  P.  Whipple  as  an  American  critical  es- 
sayist   39   15839 

Remarkable  scientific  explorations  of  John  Muir  in  the  Pacific  North- 
west and  Alaska 26   10405 

The  Scotch  Paisley  Weaver,  Alexander  Wilson,  becomes  the  « father 

of  American  ornithology  » 39    16017 

Audubon's  <  Birds  of  America  > 44        156 

John  Bartram,  the  « father  of  American  botany  » 42         45 

John  Witherspoon,  an  educator,  divine,  and  patriot  of  great  distinc- 
tion, during  the  Revolution;  president  of  Princeton  College 43       581 

Timothy  Dwight,  a  most  conspicuous  educational  and  theological  fig- 
ure of  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century ;  president  of  Yale 
College,    1795-1817 42        159 


CCXXXVi  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Theodore  Dwight  Woolsey,  notable  Greek  scholar,  president  of  Yale 

University,  1846-71,  and  a  publicist  of  distinction 43        584 

Noah  Porter's  presidency  of  Yale,  1871-85 ;  his  distinction  as  a  writer 

on  metaphysics 4  3        437 

Distinction  in  American  chemistry  and  university  teaching  of  Josiah 

Parsons  Cooke 42   119;  44  247 

Eminence  of  Asa  Gray  as  an  American  botanist  and  scientific  writer .  4  2       230 

Eminent  scientific  labors  of  the  American  astronomer,  Benjamin  Ap- 

thorp  Gould 42        227 

Charles  Anthon,  a  most  eminent  classical  scholar,  university  professor 
at  Columbia  College,  New  York,  author  of  many  valuable  text- 
books   42         21 

James  McCosh,  eminent  Scotch-American  educator,  divine,  and  writer 

on  philosophy,  president  of  Princeton  University,  1868-88 43        358 

James  D.  Dana,  American  scientific  author  of  the  highest  distinction, 

university  professor  at  Yale 42        130 

William    Dwight   Whitney,    eminent    Sanskritist    at    Yale,    author   of 

works  on  language,  and  chief  editor  of  the  <  Century  Dictionary  >.  4  3        572 

Career  of  great  distinction  in  science  at  Harvard  University  (1848-73) 

of  Louis  Agassiz  .  .  ., i     209-13 

J.  W.  Draper's   educational   distinction,   contributions  to  science   and 

to  history,  and  study  of  the  conflict  between  religion  and  science .  i  2     4865 

William  T.  Harris,  of  great  distinction  for  educational  work  and  criti- 
cal expositions  of  philosophy 42        249 

Exceptional    eminence   of    Charles   W.    Eliot,    president    of    Harvard 

University,  as  an  American  educator 42        166 

Timothy  Dwight,  grandson  of  the  earlier   President  Dwight  of  Yale, 

and  himself  president  of  Yale,  1886-99 42        159 

Othniel  C.   Marsh,  American   paloeontologist  at  Yale,  famous  for  the 

great  number  of  his  discoveries 43        370 

James  B.  Angell,  eminent  educator,  president  of  Michigan  University 

from  1871    42  20 

Carroll  D.  Wright,  notable  writer  on  political  economy  and  statistics .  4  3        585 

Richard  T.  Ely's  important  studies  in  socialism  and  political  economy.  .42       169 

Francis  A.  Walker's  eminent  educational  and  economic  work         43        556 

Tennyson's  « Gigantic  Daughter  of  the  West>>  in  <  Hands  All  Round  >.  40    16432 

J.  Q.  Adams  on  the  Mission  of  America i  140 

Daniel  Webster  on  the  American    Idea 38    15736 

R.  W.  Gilder's  <  Land  that  We  Love  > 16      6353 

< Star-Spangled  Banner,  The,>  by  Francis  Scott  Key 40    16434 

Instinctive  Americanism  of  the  poet  Drake,  12  4851;  his  <The  Ameri- 
can Flag,*  4863;  his  < Culprit  Fay,*  written  to  celebrate  American 

scenery  .». 12      4852 

Moses  Coit  Tyler's  <  History  of  American  Literature  during  the  Colo- 
nial Time,*  and  <  Literary  History  of  the  American  Revolution,* 
thorough -going  and  attractive  studies  of  the  literary  past  of 
America,  on  lines  of  scholarly  and  comprehensive  criticism. 3  7   15132;  44  27 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCXXXvii 

Duyckinck's  <  Cyclopaedia  of  American  Literature  > 42        158 

Charles  B.  Brown  as  a  pioneer  in  literature  truly  American 6        2425 

W.  G.  Simms,  a  stalwart  South-Carolinian  pioneer  of  American  litera- 
ture   34    13445 

Washington  Irving,  the  founder  of  American  literature,  20  7991;  his 
Knickerbocker  <  History  of  New  York  >  the  first  real  piece  of  litera- 
ture produced  in  America,  2  o  7995-97 ;  eight  years  before  Bryant, 
and  three   before  Cooper ..20      7991 

Bryant's  <  Thanatopsis  >  began  the  history  of  true  poetry  in  the  United 
States,  6  2623;  182 1  a  year  of  conspicuous  beginnings  in  Ameri- 
can literature 6        2625 

The  verse  perfection  of  a  few  of  Poe's  short  poems 29  1 165 1-53 

Exceptional    distinction   in   letters,    public    influence,    and    reputation 

abroad  of  James  Russell  Lowell   23      9229 

Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow,  the  most  universally  popular  of  Ameri- 
can poets 23  9143-99 

Remarkable  union  of  poetical  with  scientific  distinction,  thought  and  , 

humor,  in  Oliver  Wendell   Holmes 19  7457-62 

Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  a  poet  notable  for  a  specially  American  type  of 

thought  and  feeling,  that  of  morality  profoundly  inspired  by  feeling.  1 3   542 1-33 

Strikingly  American,  New   England,  and   broadly  spiritual  character 

of  the  poetry  of  Whittier 39     15911 

Paul  Hamilton  Hayne's  reflection  in  poems  of  aspects  of  nature  in  the 

Southern  United  States 18      71 10 

Notable  excellence  in  lyrical   poetry,    and   in   vigorous  and   scholarly 

prose,  of  Richard   Henry  Stoddard 35    14029 

Very  pure  fine  note  of  Dr.  T.  W.  Parsons  in  lyric  poetry,  and  excel- 
lence of  his  Dante  translations 28    11117 

Unique  excellence  of  the  verse  of  Henry  Timrod  as  a  pioneer  Ameri- 
can poet  of  the   South     37    14961 

Importance  of  Sidney  Lanier  in  the  literature  of  the  Southern  United 

States 22      8891 

Thomas  R.  Lonsbury's  distinction  as  a  writer  on  English  literature; 
university  professor  at  Yale;  his  masterpiece  < Studies  in  Chaucer, 
his  Life  and  Writings  > 43        351 

E.  C.  Stedman  on  American  poetry .   35   13870;  45  458 

Distinction  of   E.   C.  Stedman  as  a  poet  and  a  critic     35   13857-59 

Unique  representation  of  the  poetry  of   nature  and  the   inner  life    in 

Jones   Very 38   15323-24 

T.  B.  Aldrich,  conspicuously  successful  as  a  poet,  novelist,  and  essay- 


ist 


1    312-15 


Originality,  freshness  of  style,  and  vigor  of  thought  and   expression, 

in  Joaquin  Miller's  half  dozen  volumes  of  poems 25    10027 

Mrs.  Celia   Thaxter's    singularly  felicitous  and   sympathetic  lyrics   of 

the   sea  and  of  human  life 37    14760 

Unique  literary  career  of  the  poet  Whitman 39   15885-91 

A  Western  American  honest  product  in  the  poems  of  James  Whitcomb 

Riley 31    12265 


CCXXXviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE   PRINCIPAL 

Samuel  Bowles,  on  the  Far  West  of  America  in  1869  44       305 

Owen  Wister's  masterly  representation  of  the  Indian,  the  settler,  and 

the   soldier  in  the  Far  West  of  America 39   16101-02 

Gilbert  Parker's  tales  of  the  great  wilderness  of  the  Hudson's   Bay 

Company 28  1 1048 

Characteristic  poems,  sketches,  stories,  and  novels  of  Canadian  life,  by 

Charles  G.  D.  Roberts. 31   12295 

Theodore  Roosevelt's  important  studies  of  Western  American  devel- 
opment     31   12385 

Thomas   Nelson   Page's  stories  of  Virginia   life  before  or  during  the 

Civil  War 28   10937 ;  4  5  508 

Miss  Murfree's  descriptive  Tennessee  stories 26  10453 

Accurate  picturesque  delineation  of  Southwest  (Arkansas)  scenes  and 

life  in  the  novels  and  short  stories  of  Octave  Thanet  (Miss  Alice 

French) 37   14733-34 

Very  g^eat  distinction  of  Mrs.  Stowe  as  a  representative  of  new  de- 

j    parture,  religious  and  humanitarian,  in  Puritanism 35   14072 

Mrs.  Julia  Ward  Howe's  half  century  of  distinction  as  a  poet,  thinker. 

reformer,  and  effective  woman  speaker 19  7645-47 

Louisa  Alcott's  exceptional  distinction  and  success  as  author  of  books 

for  young  people i     282-84 

Grace  Elizabeth  King,  a  rare  literary  artist  in  short  stories,  and  an 

interpreter  of  the  history  and  romance  of  Louisiana 21      8573 

Very  notable  quality  of  novels  by  Mrs.  E.  B.  Stoddard  depicting  New 

England  seaport  scenes  and  life  35    14013 

Miss  Jewett's  remarkably  true  sketches  and  stories  of  New  England 

life 21    8269-71 

Mrs.  Annie  Slosson's  interesting  studies  of  eccentric   New  England 

types 34   13487-89 

Markedly  popular  and  successful  stories  and  novels  of  Mary  E.  Wil- 

kins 39  15983-84 

Novels  and   short  stories  of  Miss   Woolson,  especially  powerful  and 

striking  in  the  portraiture  of  women 39    16165 

Mrs.  Harriet  Spoflford's  rank  among  American  women  of  letters ....   35    1 3806 
Phenomenal  success  of  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps  (Ward)  as  an  imag- 
inative and  emotional  novelist  and  theologian 38   15623-25 

R.  H.  Dana's  distinction  as  novelist  and  poet  early  in  the  cen- 
tury   II  4285-86 

James  Fenimore  Cooper,  above  all  other  American  writers  in  extent 
of  popularity;  author,  in  twenty-two  years  (1829-51),  of  thirty -two 
novels,  attaining  a  breadth  of  fame  not  less  than  that  of  Walter 
Scott 10  3985-92 

Remarkable  literary  and  spiritual  power  of  Sylvester  Judd's  story  of 

old  New  England  life,  <  Margaret  > 21      8399 

Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  the  great  American  master  of  romance,  without 
an  equal  in  prose  fiction;  most  remarkable  for  charm  of  expres- 
sion, of  feeling,  and  of  humor 18  7053-57 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCXXxix 

R.  H.  Dana,  Jr.,  famous   for  his   sea  story,  <Two  Years   before   the 

Mast,>  which  stands  unique  in  English  literature 1 1     4302 

Donald  G.  Mitchell's  successful  appeal  to  youthful  interest  in  <  Rever- 
ies of  a  Bachelor, >  and  other  work  of  interest  in  literature  and 
history 25    loiio 

Distinction  of  Thoreau  as  an  American  author  of  limited  range  but 

genuine  quality 3  7    14871 

Notable    Southern    writers    since    1870,    21    8317;    R.    M.    Johnston's 

< Dukesborough  Tales, >  finely  executed  stories  of  Georgia  life   .  .  .21      8317 

George  W.  Cable's  initiation  of  literary  awakening  in  the  South  after 
the  Civil  War,  through  the  publication  of  tales  and  novels  reflect- 
ing New  Orleans  scenes  and  life 7    3017-19 

Notable  originality  and  popular  success  of  Bret  Harte  in  poems  and 

prose  sketches 17  6985-7013 

W.  D.  Howells,  the  most  notable  of  recent  American  authors  of  fic- 
tion exceptionally  realistic 19  7653-94 

Henry  James,  notable  success  in  novels  designed  to  contrast  Ameri- 
cans with  Europeans,  and  the  artistic  nature  with  the  prosaic. 20  8071-74 

Francis  Marion  Crawford,  by  his  mother  of  American  birth,  called  the 

most  versatile  and  various  of  modern  novelists 10  4151-53 

Dr.  S.  "Weir  Mitchell's  exceptional  distinction  in  American  historical- 
romantic  fiction 25   10123 

Unique   position    among    American    makers    of    humorous    fiction    of 

Frank  R.  Stockton 35    13991 

Eminence  as  a  humorist  of  Samuel  L.  Clemens  («  Mark  Twain  *)  . . .  9        3787 

Criticism  of  Americans  by  Mrs.   Trollope,  Marryat,  and  Dickens,  24 

9739 ;  Dickens's  <  American  Notes  > 11  4631 

James  Kirke  Paulding's  <  Diverting  History  of  John  Bull  and  Brother 

Jonathan  > 28  11195 

Froebel's  <  Experiences,  Studies,  and  Travels  in  America  > 42  203 

Charles  Eliot  Norton's  criticisms  of  social  and  intellectual  life 27  10707 


SOUTH   AMERICA 

Between  North  America  and  South  America,  as  commonly 
understood,  there  intervene  the  important  Republic  of  Mexico 
and  the  small  states  which  are  united  to  form  Central  America. 
In  respect  of  continental  structure,  Mexico  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
lie  within  the  limits  of  North  America.  The  small  states  of  Cen- 
tral America  may  be  taken  with  the  West  Indies,  either  as  an  ap- 
pendix to  the  North  Continent,  or  as  a  mid  region  between  the 
two  continents.  In  respect,  however,  of  discovery,  conquest,  and 
culture,  Mexico,  Central  America,  and  the  West  Indies,  all  belong 


Ccxl  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

with  South  America.  The  Spanish  conquests  extended  from  Hayti 
or  Santo  Domingo  across  Mexico,  down  the  whole  Pacific  coast, 
and  across  to  the  Atlantic,  while  Portuguese  discovery  appropri- 
ated the  immense  region  known  as  Brazil,  with  an  Atlantic  coast 
front  of  4,000  miles.  In  the  story  of  human  progress  the  one 
name  of  Latin  American,  or  Spanish  and  Portuguese,  covers  the 
entire  Mexican,  Central  American,  West  Indian  (or  Cuban),  and 
South  American  developments. 

Peculiar   developments   and   general   view  of  Latin-American    litera- 
ture     22  8903-28 

The  great  work  of   Las   Casas,    <  History  of  the  Indies,  >  on  the  early 

Spanish  conquests 42  97;  44  219-20 

Balboa's  < History  of  Peru,*  treating  of  the  origin  of  the  Incas     42         38 

Lorente's   important  works,  ^History  of  Peru,*  and   < History  of  the 

Conquest  of   Peru  > 43        350 

Zarate's  <  History  of  the  Discovery  and  Conquest  of  the   Province  of 

Peru  > 43        594 

Ondegardo's  manuscripts  used   by  Prescott   for  his    *  History   of  the 

Conquest  of   Peru  * 43        409 

Ancient  Peruvian  civilization  depicted  by  Lady  Dacre   in   <Pedarias,> 

a    drama 42        129 

Paz  Soldan,  a  Peruvian  author  of  geographical  and  historical   studies 

of   Peru 43        420 

Valle  y  Caviedes,   1652-92,  a  Peruvian  satirical  poet,  author  of  <Par- 

nassus's  Tooth,'  a  model  of  biting  satire 43        541 

Squier's  <Peru:  Incidents  and  Explorations  in  the  Land  of  the  Incas, > 

a  work  of   most  exhaustive  research 43  503  ;  4  4  24 

Markham's  < Travels  in  Peru  >  and  *  History  of  Peru' 43        368 

Prescott's  <  History  of  the  Conquest  of  Peru  > 45        476 

Sir  Richard  Burton's  < Highlands  of   Brazil > 42         85 

Baralt's  <  Ancient  and  Modern  History  of  Venezuela' 42         41 

Eastwick's  <  Venezuela,  or  Sketches  of  Life  in  a  South  American  Re- 
public ' 42        160 

W.  E.  Curtis's  < Capitals  of  Spanish- America '  and  < Venezuela'. 42        127 

Pedro  de  Ona,  author  of   <  Conquered  Chili,'  a  g^reat  epic  (1596) 43        409 

Expilly's  important  studies  in  South  America,  and  publications  on  its 

condition 42        176 

De  Piedrahita's  <  History  of  the  Kingdom  of  New  Granada'  (1688),  a 

great  storehouse  of  information 42        184 

La  Condamine's  explorations  on  the  equator,  and  down  the  Amazon; 

first  knowledge  of  india-rubber  given  to  Europe  by  him 43        319 

Schomburgk's  explorations  of  British  Guiana  (1835-39) 4  3       4^5 

Olmedo  of  Guayaquil,  a  poet  of  great  popularity  43       408 

Sarmiento,  President  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  eminent  in  educational 

work 43       480 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ccxli 

Larrazabal's  valuable  <Life  of   the  Liberator  Simon  Bolivar* 43        327 

Orton's  <The   Andes  and  the    Amazon,    or   Across  the  Continent  of 

South  America  > 44        304 

Mulhall's  Buenos  Ayres  Standard  (1861),  the  first  daily  paper  printed 

in  South  America 43        394 

South  American   story  reading  from   Isaaks's    *  Maria, >    <The  Jaguar 

Hunt> 20  8047-56 


CENTRAL  AMERICA 

Central  America,  in  the  larger  sense,  including  what  of 
Mexico  lies  below  the  nearest  approach  of  the  Gulf  to  the  Pa- 
cific, and  taking  note  of  the  West  Indies  as  its  extension  to  the 
Atlantic  through  Cuba  and  Santo  Domingo  or  Hayti,  has  a  large 
and  important  interest  from  the  extent  to  which  it  was  the  scene 
of  early  New  World  discoveries,  and  from  the  remarkable  monu- 
ments of  an  early  civilization  which  are  found  on  the  Pacific  side 
of  this  region.  Political  development  has  already  given  a  United 
States  of  Central  America  under  circumstances  which  promise 
stability  and  progress  in  culture  not  heretofore  known;  while  the 
comprehensive  change  of  the  situation  in  the  West  Indies,  through 
the  final  extinction  of  Spanish  trans- Atlantic  occupation  and  power, 
more  than  suggests  the  possibility  of  large  development  of  Central 
American  culture. 

Stephens's   <  Incidents  of  Travel   in  Central  America,    Chiapas,    and 

Yucatan  *  and  <Travel  in  Yucatan  > 43  505 ;  44  23 

Squier's   <  Nicaragua, >    <  Notes  on   Central   America,*   and   <  States  of 

Central  America  * 43  503 ;  44  24 

Valdes,  a  negro  Cuban  poet  of  great  .Spanish-American  popularity.  .43        541 
Palma  y  Romay,  a  Cuban  dramatist  and  poet,  notably  successful  in 

1837 43       414 

Milanes,  a  Cuban  dramatist  and  poet,  widely  known  by  English,  Ger- 
man, French,  and  Italian  translations 43       382 

Mendive,  a   Cuban   author    of  stories   in  verse,  esteemed   one   of  the 

best  of  Spanish-American  poets 43       378 

Delmonte  y  Tejada's  ^History  of  Santo  Domingo,*  from  its  discovery. 42        138 
Wendell  Phillips  on  «The  Hero  of  Hayti,»  Toussaint  I'Ouverture.  29   11412-24 
St.  John's  < Hayti  or  the  Black  Republic,*  depicting  the  negro  retro- 
gression toward  savagery 43       476 

16 


CCxlii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE   PRINCIPAL 

ARABIA 

Arabia,  the  most  notable  of  the  Semitic  lands,  and,  with 
Assyria  and  the  Hebrews,  a  chief  representative  of  Semitic  cul- 
ture, is  of  greatest  note  in  the  history  of  the  human  mind  for 
its  production  of  Mohamme^  and  Mohammedanism,  which  are 
acknowledged  by  more  than  one-tenth  of  the  human  race.  From 
633  A.  D.  began  the  efforts  of  the  Moslem  Arabs  to  convert 
nations  to  faith  by  the  sword.  Bursting  into  Syria  the  next  year 
they  defeated  the  armies  of  Rome  in  bloody  battles;  a  year  later 
overwhelmed  Damascus  with  relentless  massacre;  beat  off  the 
utmost  efforts  of  the  great  Roman  Emperor  Heraclius  to  stay 
their  resistless  fury;  and  in  637  followed  the  capture  of  Antioch 
by  the  occupation  of  Jerusalem,  and  the  erection  of  a  great 
mosque  on  the  site  of  the  temple  of  Solomon.  They  next  turned 
again  against  the  armies  of  Rome;  swept  the  imperial  power 
back  to  the  eastern  limit  of  Asia  Minor;  captured  Babylon  on 
the  Euphrates  (640)  and  Memphis  on  the  Nile;  and  in  642-43  the 
world-capital  Alexandria  was  twice  taken,  with  destruction  of  its 
walls  and  massacre  of  its  people  in  the  final  capture.  In  the 
best  days  of  territorial  expansion  Arabian  rule  extended  from 
India  to  the  Atlantic  in  the  north  of  Africa,  and  into  Spain  for 
more  than  500  years  (A.  D.  711-1232).  Arabia  itself  declined 
from  A.  D.  750,  while  the  power  which  went  in  its  name  had  its 
seat  at  Bagdad  in  Persia,  and  Spain  witnessed  some  of  its  most 
brilliant  developments.  The  philosophy  and  science  which  are 
credited  to  the  Arabian  name  were  hardly  at  all  representative  of 
Arabia,  except  as  Moslem  Princes,  ruling  at  Bagdad  in  Persia, 
or  at  Cordova  in  Spain,  were  individually  liberal,  and  gave  their 
patronage  to  brilliant  representatives  of  philosophy  and  science, 
who  were  either  Persians  or  Jews,  figuring  as  nominally  Arabian. 
From  the  beginning  of  the  9th  century  to  the  end  of  the  12th, 
the  thought  and  science  of  Aristotle,  unknown  in  the  Europe  of 
the  Dark  Ages,  were  brilliantly  propagated  under  these  Arabian 
auspices.  The  medical  teachings  aTso  of  Hippocrates  and  Galen 
were  transmitted  by  Arabian  students  of  Galen,  and  in  their 
^Almagest  *  was  preserved  and  transmitted  the  astronomy  of 
Ptolemy.  Under  Al-Mansur  Greek  knowledge  began  to  modify 
Moslem  culture  at  Bagdad,  and  under  Al-Mamun  (813-33)  Aris- 
totle was  first  translated  into  Arabic,  and  a  work  done  not  unlike 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCxliii 

that  of  Charlemagne  in  founding  schools  for  Germany.  Al-Kendi 
undertook  a  great  encyclopaedic  exposition  of  science  and  philoso- 
phy. At  Basra,  the  native  town  of  Al-Kendi,  a  Brotherhood 
carried  out  a  great  scheme  for  combining  philosophy  and  science 
with  religious  idealism.  Al-Farabi  employed  a  vast  erudition  in 
an  exposition  of  Aristotle  on  which  Avicenna,  or  Ibn-Sina  (g8o- 
1037),  the  most  illustrious  of  these  Arabian  teachers,  built  a  sys- 
tem of  logic  and  metaphysics.  Avicenna  was  still  more  famous 
for  his  transmission  of  medical  teaching.  Algazel  closed  this 
Arabian  development  in  the  East,  and  in  fact  himself  contributed 
to  its  suppression  by  a  great  work  called  *The  Destruction  of  the 
Philosophers.  * 

The  Arabic  development  in  Spain  began  under  Al-Hakem  II. 
(961-76),  and  became  especially  brilliant  in  a  brief  series  of  illus- 
trious men  from  about  the  close  of  the  nth  century, —  Avice- 
bron,  most  of  whose  works  were  written  between  1045  and  1070; 
Avempace,  whose  short  career  closed  in  11 38;  Abubacer,  or  Ibn- 
Tofail,  who  died  in  1185;  and  Averroes  (1126-98),  the  last  and 
most  famous  of  this  school  of  thinkers.  Mohammedanism  has 
made  Arabia  for  many  centuries,  and  makes  it  to-day,  an  abso- 
lute reflection  of  the  Semitic  spirit,  permitting  the  summary  killing 
of  every  person  not  of  the  true  faith.  Burton  and  Palgrave, 
who  penetrated  it  in  diguise,  only  came  out  alive  through  the 
complete  success  of  the  deception  which  they  practiced. 

< Antar,>  the  great  national  romance  of  Arabia  ....'. 2  586-91 

Pictures  of  the  times  in  Arabia  before  the  advent  of  Mohammed,  in 

<  Antar  > 2  586-90 

Lebid  ibn  Rabi'a,  a  celebrated  Arabian  poet  of  the  time  of  Mohammed.  43  331 

Zahir,  an  Arabian  poet,  contemporary  with  Mohammed 43  593 

The  Koran  or  Sacred  Scriptures  of  Mohammed 45  420 

<  Mahomet  and  the  Koran,  >  by  Barthelemy-Saint-Hilaire  42  45 

Mohammed's  influence  through  the  Koran  detrimental  to  Arabic  poetry .  2  668 

Palmer's  Grammar  of  Arabic,  and  translation  of  the  Koran 43  415 

Sale's  version  of  the  Koran 43  478 

Tabari's  <Tefsir,>  by  far  the  most  authoritative  exposition  of  the  doc- 
trine of  the  Koran 43  513 

Ibn  Khaldiin,  the  greatest  of  Arabic  historians 42  282 

Michael  Scott's  translations  from  the  Arabic  into  Latin 43  487 

Ahlwardt,  the  first  living  authority  on  old  Arabic  poetry- 42  7 

Gustav  Weil's  important  works  on  the  history  of  Mohammedanism ...  4 3       566 
W.    R.    Smith's  < Kinship  and  Marriage  in  Early  Arabia,*  and   < Re- 
ligion of   the  Semites  > 43  499 


CCxliv  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Stanley    Lane-Poole's    <  Arabian   Society   in   the    Middle    Ages,>   and 

<  The  Moors  in  Spain  >   43  325 

Lelewel's  <  Geography  of  the  Arabs  > 43  334 

Poets  of  the  splendid  Arabic-Spanish  period,  2  671;  The  <Makamat> 

of  Hariri,  2  672;  Al-Biruni,  an  Arabic  historian  of  India 2  675 

Ibn  Ezra,  a  noted  Jewish-Arabic  poet  and  scholar 42  2 

Abulfaraj,  an  Arabic  and  Syriac  writer,  author  of  a  universal  history. 4 2  3 

Abulfeda,  a  celebrated  Arabian  historian  and  scholar 42  3. 

Abu-Nuvas,  author  of   the   most  notable    Arabic   songs   of  love  and 

wine 42  3 

'Umar  ibn  'Rabi'a,  the  «Don  Juan  of  Mecca,  or  Ovid  of  Arabia ».  .  .  .2  669 
Under   the  Abassides  non-Arabic   Persians  developed   literature,  and 

study  of  Greek  philosophy  and  science 2  669 

Four  hundred  years  of  Mohammedan  devotion  to  philosophy;  a  splendid 
period  of  rationalism  followed  by  ages  of  extreme  religious   fa*- 

naticism  3  1079-83 

Aristotle  taught  under  Arabic  auspices  at  Bagdad,  and  later  in  Spain  . .  2    792-93 

Ibn  Tofail,  an  Arabic  philosopher  and  physician  in  Moorish  Spain ...  4  2  282 

Hallevi,  a  Spanish-Jewish  poet  under  Arabic  auspices 42  245 

Ibn  Khallikan,  an  Arabic  scholar   renowned  for  works  in  every  de- 
partment of  literature 42  282 

Averroes,  a  Spanish- Arabian  philosopher  and  physician 42  31 

Avicebron,  a  celebrated   Hebrew  author   in  Arabic  of  famous  philo- 
sophical works 3   1099 14231 

Al-Ghazzali,  author  of  a  fanatical  work  entitled  <The  Destruction  of 

the  Philosophers  > 3  1081 

Ali  Yazdi's  <  History  of  Timur,>  translated  from  the  Arabic 43  426 

Burton's  successful  visit  in  disguise  to  Mecca  and  Medina 42  85 

Palgrave's  story  of  travels  in  Central  and  Eastern  Arabia 44  iii 

Arabic  Literature 2    665-76 


ARMENIA 

Armenia,  no  longer  existing  as  a  country,  but  maintaining  a 
tradition  of  culture,  was  once  a  land  of  great  prosperity,  occupy- 
ing, in  fifteen  provinces  and  many  fine  cities,  the  elevated  table- 
land which  extends  from  the  eastern  plains  of  Asia  Minor  to  those 
of  Persia.  The  Turk  commander  of  an  invading  horde,  Togrul 
Beg,  attacked  it  after  his  conquest  of  Bagdad  (in  1055),  ^^^  ^^ 
his  death  (1063),  his  nephew  and  successor,  Alp  Arslan,  captured 
Ani,  the  Armenian  capital,  and  reduced  the  country  to  complete 
subjection.  The  larger  part  in  the  west  is  still  under  the  rule  of 
Turkey,  a  considerable  northern  part  under  that  of  Russia,  and 
a  smaller  part  in  the  southeast  under  Persia.     The  country  is  one 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF  LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCxlv 

of  great  natural  fertility  but  terribly  depressed  by  the  curse  of 
dominant  Mohammedanism.  Armenian  Christianity  dates  from 
the  consecration,  in  A.  D.  302,  of  Gregory  as  bishop  of  Armenia. 
Its  translation  of  the  Bible  was  made  in  A.  D.  410.  From  491 
dates  its  separation  from  the  orthodox  Greek  Church,  and  its 
more  than  fourteen  centuries  of  independent  maintenance,  in  spite 
of  the  political  extinction  which  dates  from  1604.  The  physical 
conditions  of  what  was  once  Armenia,  the  possibilities  of  its  pop- 
ulation, and  the  prospects  of  its  political  and  religious  culture, 
give  it  great  importance  for  the  future  of  the  whole  of  Western 
Asia. 

Emine's  monumental  < History  of  Armenia,^  known  in  French  transla- 
tion   42        169 

Bryce's  <  Transcaucasia  and  Ararat  > 6        2643 


ASIA 

Asia,  extending  from  Constantinople  across  150  degrees  of 
longitude  to  Behring  Straits  in  the  extreme  northeast,  and  over 
the  same  distance  to  New  Zealand  in  the  southeast,  forms  an  al- 
most exact  equilateral  triangle,  which  may  be  recognized  as  geo- 
logically one.  The  extreme  southeast  portion  of  this  immense 
region  of  the  earth's  surface  is  commonly  marked  off  as  Austral- 
asia, with  a  line  of  distinction  between  the  East  India  Islands 
and  the  continental  island  of  Australia.  A  suggestion  for  this 
distinction  is  found  in  the  fact  that  on  either  side  of  the  deep 
water  channel  known  as  the  Straits  of  Macassar  the  animal  and 
plant  life  are  essentially  different.  Leaving,  therefore,  Austral- 
asia out  of  view,  Asia,  as  commonly  understood,  embraces  within 
its  vast  limits  (17,530,686  square  miles)  all  the  lands  of  ancient 
culture  except  Egypt,  Greece,  and  Rome.  Yet  the  only  excep- 
tions which  it  presents  to  conditions  not  much  above  barbarism 
are  those  of  the  English  occupation  of  India,  Japan's  vigorous 
initiation  of  a  new  era,  and  the  survival  of  Christian  culture  in 
Armenia.  In  the  great  story  of  human  progress  the  traditions  of 
India,  Babylonia,  and  Palestine,  and  to  a  less  extent  those  of 
Persia  and  Arabia,  are  of  very  great  significance.  A  large  part 
of  modern  learning  in  letters  is  concerned  with  intellectual  de- 
velopments, in  Babylonia   and    India   especially,  not   to   speak   of 


CCxlvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

those  of  China  and  Persia,  which  make  even  Hebrew  culture 
young,  and  which,  along  with  Egypt,  near  to  Asia  in  Africa, 
supplied  antiquity  in  culture  to  Greece  and  Rome,  and  even  to 
Jerusalem,  and  now  form  to  the  modern  world  the  profoundly 
curious  and  significant  frontispiece  to  human  history.  The  stud- 
ies which  fall  within  the  limits  of  Asia  are  among  the  most  in- 
teresting open  to  the  scholar,  and  the  pictures  which  learning  has 
already  begun  to  offer  to  the  general  reader  are  among  the  most 
fascinating  known  to  popular  literature. 

Joao  de   Barros's  <Asia,>  a  foremost  Portuguese  historian's  history  of 

Portuguese  discoveries  and  conquests  in  East   India    (1415-1539).  42         44 
Keane's   great  work  comprehensively   dealing  with   all  parts  of   the 

continent 44        iii 

Wallace's  <Life  in  the  Malay  Archipelago* 38   15526;  45       425 

Sir  Richard  Burton's  explorations  in  S5rria,  and  journey  to  Mecca  and 

Medina  in  Arabia  in  the  guise  of  a  Mohammedan  devotee,  42  85; 

his  <  Unexplored   Palestine  *  and  <  Pilgrimage  to  El  Medinah  > ....  4  2         85 
Sir  W.    W.    Hunter's  elaborate  and  important  works   on    India  and 

High   Asia 42       279 

Andrew  Wilson's  *  The  Abode  of  Snow,>  an  account  of  a  tour  through 

Chinese   Thibet  and  the  Himalayas 44        112 

Lansdell's    <  Through    Siberia  >;    <  Russian     Central    Asia>;    <  Chinese 

Central  Asia > 43       326 

Kinglake's  story  in  <  E5then  >  of  Oriental  travel  44        112 

[See  also  the   sections  on   Arabia,    Armenia,    Babylonia,    Palestine, 
Persia,  India,  China,  Japan,  and  (in  part)  Turkey,  and  Russia.] 


AUSTRIA 

Austria  is  governed  by  an  Emperor,  under  whom  it  is  united 
with  Hungary,  making  the  Empire  of  Austria-Hungary.  The 
Austrian  Emperor  bears  the  threefold  title  Emperor  of  Austria, 
King  of  Bohemia,  and  King  of  Hungary.  The  Empire  thus  con- 
stituted lies  in  the  heart  of  Europe,  with  an  area  of  240,942 
square  miles,  and  a  population  of  41,231,342.  Bohemia  is  the 
large  northwestern  province  of  the  Empire,  and  Moravia  lies 
directly  east  of  it.  South  of  these  lie  Upper  Austria  and  Lower 
Austria,  so  distinguished  from  their  position  on  the  Danube, 
which  flows  through  them  from  southeast  Germany  into  Hungary. 
Vienna,  the  Austrian  capital,  is  on  the  Danube,  not  far  from  the 
Hungarian    border.      The   fourteen   provinces    of    Austria   proper 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF    LINES   OF    INTEREST  CCxlvii 

embrace  115,903  square  miles.  Hungary,  the  great  central  region 
of  the  Empire  (including  Transylvania,  Croatia,  and  Slavonia), 
counts  125,039  square  miles.  The  languages  spoken  in  Austria- 
Hungary  are  as  follows:  German  by  10,568,757;  Bohemian,  Mora- 
vian, and  Slovak  by  7,383,140;  Polish  by  3,719,232;  Ruthenian  by 
3,488,613;  Slovene  by  1,271,351;  Servian  and  Croatian  by  3,249,- 
186;  Roumanian  by  2,801,015;  Magyar  by  7,434,869;  Italian  by 
over  half  a  million;  and  the  language  of  the  gipsies  by  more 
than  eighty  thousand.  The  great  lines  of  culture,  as  it  broadens 
down  to  the  people,  are  thus  Magyar  and  Bohemian  not  less  than 
German.  Vienna  is  the  German  seat  of  culture;  Buda-Pesth,  two 
cities  on  opposite  banks  of  the  Danube  united  as  one,  the  Magyar 
or  Hungarian;  and  Prague,  the  Bohemian  or  Czech.  Prague 
has  the  oldest  university  in  Central  Europe,  and  both  Bohemian 
and  Magyar  are  traditions  of  great  significance.  Cracow,  in  the 
northeast  province  of  Galicia,  is  the  old  capital  of  Poland. 

Gundulic,  Ivan,  a  poet  of  Dalmatia  ( now  part  of  Austria ),  the  first 
dramatic  poet  among  the  Slavs,  author  of  an  epic  of  the  Polish^ 

Turkish  war  of    1621 42       240 

An  Austrian  national  drama  created  by  Ludwig  Anzengruber .42         21 

Grillparzer,  the  greatest  of  Austrian  poets 17     6716 

Eotvos's  < Equal  rights  of  the  Nationalities  in  Austria > 42        171 

Miinch-Bellinghausen,    an  Austrian  dramatist,    known  as   "Friedrich 

Halm »  43       396 

Sacher-Masoch,  an  Austrian  novelist,  notable  for  great  powers  of  real- 
istic description 43       475 

August  Wilhelm  Ambros,  notable  for  his  <  History  of  Music  > 42         16 

Franz  von  Miklosich,  eminent  founder  of  Slavic  philology 43        382 

Carl  Ziegler,  an  Austrian  lyrical  poet  of  high  rank,  author  of  many 

beautiful  hymns 43       596 

B.  von  Carneri,  an  Austrian  poet  of  great  popularity 42         95 

Moritz   Hartmann,    an   Austrian  « poet  of  the   people, »  of  Bohemian 

birth,  ardently  revolutionary,  socialistic,  and  widely  popular  .  .  .  .  4  2       251 
Pius  Zingerle.  an  Austrian  Orientalist,  author  of   Syriac  studies,  and 

of  translations  from  the  Syriac .• 43       597 

Ludwig  Eckardt,  an  Austrian  author  of  scholarly  critical  and  biogra- 
phical studies 42       162 

Alfred  von  Kremer,  an  Austrian  Orientalist,  diplomat,  and  university 

professor  at  Vienna 43       315 

Baroness  Marie  von  Ebner-Eschenbach,  an  eminent  Austrian  novelist 

and  dramatist 42        161 

Robert  Hamerling,  of  great  distinction  as  an  Austrian  poet,  drama- 
tist, and  novelist 42       246 

Joseph  H.  Fedkovic,  author  of  poems  in  the  Ruthenian  language.  .  .42       182 


CCxlviii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Wilhelm  Scherer,  an  Austrian  scholar  in  literature,  author  of  a  valu-    . 

able  <  History  of  German  Literature  > 43       483 

Vincenz    Chiavacci,  an    Austrian   humorist   of  distinction    in    Vienna 

journalism 42        107 

Karl   Emil   Franzos,  a    brilliant   newspaper  correspondent,  author  of 

popular  travels  and  novels 42       200 

Hermann  Bahr,  an  Austrian  critic,  dramatist,  and  novelist  of  strong 

Anti-French  predilections 42  35 

August  Fournier,  an  Austrian  historian,  notdble  for  a  <  Life  of  Napo- 
leon >  and  other  important  biographies  42        198 

[See  also  Vienna,  Hungary,  and  Bohemia.] 


AUSTRALIA 

The  great  island  continent  of  Australia,  with  an  area  of  about 
3,000,000  square  miles,  promises  a  far  southeast  United  States, 
of  English  origin,  and  of  immense  possibilities  for  the  future  of 
human  progress.  And  no  small  part  of  this  future  may  belong 
to  the  great  islands  constituting  New  Zealand,  1,200  miles  to  the 
east  of  Australia.  Hardly  sixty  years  have  passed  since  Great 
Britain  ceased  to  put  this  distant  region  to  use  for  the  purposes 
of  a  penal  settlement,  and  only  since  the  discovery  of  gold  in 
1 85 1  has  Australian  development  figured  as  one  of  the  important 
developments  of  the  globe. 

How  the   work   of  Prince   Henry  of  Portugal  led  to  the  discovery  of 

Australia   45  426 

Ludwig  Leichhardt's  expeditions  for  early  exploration 43  334 

Heaton's  Australian  Dictionary  of   Men  of  the  Time,  and  account  of 

the  Aborigines  of  Australia 42  256 

Great  work  by  A.  R.  Wallace  and  F.  H.  H.  Guillemard,  comprehen- 
sively describing  all  parts  of  Australasia 44  113 

Coast  exploration  of  Australia  by  Captain  Cook 44  245 

John  Dunmore  Lang's  eminent  services  as  a  pioneer;  author  of  works 

of  great  valjie  for  Australian  history 43  325 

A.  J.  Dawson's  story  picturing  scenery  and  bush  life  in  Australia.  . .  .45  540 

«  Rolf  Boldrewood  »  on  life  and  adventure  in  Australia 45  424 

Hogan's  stories  and  sketches  of  Australian  adventure  and  history.  . .  .42  268 

R.  H.  Home's  <  Australian  Facts  and  Principles,  > 19  7641 

Baden-Powell's  work  of  information  about  Australia 42  35 

Gould's  great  works  on  the  birds  and  mammals  of  Australia 42  228 

Farjeon's  <  Grif,>  a  story  of  Australian  life  42  180 

Gordon's  bush  ballads  and  lyrics  of  Australia 42  225 


TOPICS   AND    CHIEF    LINEvS   OF    INTEREST  CCxHx 

BABYLONIA 

An  extraordinary  interest  has  been  created  in  what  is  perhaps 
the  most  completely  lost  land  on  the  globe,  the  earliest  known 
land  of  culture,  sometimes  referred  to  as  Chaldaea,  but  more 
correctly  known  as  Babylonia;  a  younger  extension  of  which  to 
the  north  formed  the  land  of  Assyria,  of  which  Nineveh  was  the 
great  city.  Assyria,  which  takes  the  first  place  in  classical  ac- 
counts, to  the  exclusion  of  Babylonia,  owing  to  its  energy  in  war 
and  conquest  at  a  comparatively  late  time,  was  in  fact  the  younger 
and  greatly  inferior  country,  chiefly  devoted  to  war  in  the  worst 
Semitic  spirit  of  religious  massacre  of  enemies,  and  with  a  cul- 
ture exclusively  borrowed  from  the  older  mother  country,  Baby- 
lonia. Its  earliest  rise  was  in  the  sixteenth  century  B.  C. ;  in  the 
fourteenth  century  it  began  to  assert  a  despotism  over  Babylonia, 
and  at  length  made  the  less  warlike  mother  country  completely 
dependent;  but  with  the  end  of  the  seventh  century  B.  C.  it 
suffered  an  extinction  hardly  paralleled  in  history,  leaving  Baby- 
lon under  Nebuchadnezzar  to  become,  for  a  short  period,  the  mis- 
tress of  the  then  known  world. 

What  Nineveh  knew  of  culture  had  reached  a  climax  under 
the  famous  Sardanapalus,  or  Assur-bani-pal,  in  his  collection  of 
the  greatest  library  that  had  ever  existed,  but  a  library  of  books 
from  Babylonia,  both  in  their  original  languages  and  in  transla- 
tions, together  with  dictionaries  and  grammars  in  aid  of  the  use 
of  these  books.  To  a  very  large  extent  these  books  had  been 
produced  in  an  older  language  of  Babylonia,  known  as  Accadian, 
and  the  translations  were  into  Semitic,  the  language  of  Arabia, 
of  the  Hebrews,  and  of  Assyria.  At  a  very  early  period  Semitic 
invasion  had  introduced  Semitic  speech  into  Babylonia,  as  the 
language  of  a  ruling  class,  and  Assyria,  when  it  arose,  was  wholly 
Semitic.  This  Semitic  invasion  of  Babylonia  may  have  taken 
place  as  early  as  fifteen  or  sixteen  centuries  before  Abraham's 
time,  but  it  gave  in  Babylonia  only  a  ruling  class.  The  early 
Babylonians  were  two  kindred  peoples  known  as  Sumerian  and 
Accadian,  the  former  settled  more  in  the  northwest,  and  the  latter 
in  the  southeast.  The  former  may  have  been  the  older  settlers, 
but  it  was  from  the  latter  that  the  earliest  Babylonian  culture 
came,  especially  the  very  early  knowledge  of  astronomy  which 
they   possessed.      At    a   most   remote   past,    at  least   6000    B.  C., 


Ccl  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF    THE    PRINCIPAL 

there  began  a  succession  of  notable  cities,  Eridu,  called  the  *^  Holy- 
City  *^ ;  Erech,  or  Uru-ki,  a  name  meaning  ^^  city  of  the  land "  or 
capital;  Ur,  meaning  the  <*city,'^  and  a  later  capital;  Nippur,  a 
more  northern  city,  recent  exploration  of  the  ruins  of  which  have 
carried  Babylonian  historical  dates  to  perhaps  7000  B.  C. ;  Larsa, 
the  old  centre  of  Sun-worship,  as  Ur  was  of  Moon-worship;  and 
Sippara,  the  northern  city  of  Sun-worship. 

Babylon  rose  to  supremacy  later  than  the  cities  which  we  have 
named,  becoming  the  capital  of  a  consolidated  empire  about  2150 
B.  C.  At  this  time  books,  libraries,  and  schools  were  a  common 
privilege  of  the  people.  The  production  of  these  books  dated 
from  schools  of  temple  writers  at  Eridu,  Erech,  and  Ur,  at  dif- 
ferent periods  in  a  past  measuring  perhaps  not  less  than  3,000 
years.  Written  upon  tablets  of  clay, '  and  baked,  the  Babylonian 
books,  of  the  libraries  of  cities  whose  ruins  have  been  explored, 
are  found  in  great  numbers,  and  permit  us  to  see  what  was  con- 
sidered the  world's  best  literature  more  than  2000  years  B.  C. 
The  most  recent  discoveries  show  how  the  power  and  culture  of 
Babylonia  had  been  extended  to  the  Mediterranean,  and  had 
made  all  that  region  a  land  of  books,  schools,  libraries,  and  cul- 
ture long  before  its  invasion  by  the  Semitic  Hebrews,  whose  con- 
quest is  described  by  themselves  as  one  of  ravage  and  slaughter, 
in  the  most  excessive  Semitic  spirit.  One  of  the  most  remark- 
able episodes  in  the  history  of  Egypt  is  that  of  Babylonian  in- 
fluence there  effecting,  for  a  short  time,  an  extreme  change  in  the 
monarchy  and  the  official  religion,  through  the  efforts  of  a  king 
whose  mother  was  a  daughter  of  the  King  of  Babylon. 

Civilization  established  in  Babylonia  not  later  than  6000  B.  C i  60 

Peters's  story  of  explorations  at  Nippur 44         20 

Maspero's  two  large  works  giving  the  history  from  3850  to  850  B.  C.  .45       343 

Tomkins  on  Babylonia  in  the  time  of  Abraham 44       294 

Library  sketch  of  the  mythology  of  Babylonia     i       51-60 

Influence   of    its    mythology   and    religion    on   Jewish    and    Christian 

belief 4  4    20-21 

Layard's  narrative  of  discoveries  in  Babylonia 45       476 

Perrot  and  Chipiez  on  art  in  Babylonia 44       123 

Sayce's  important  contributions  to  Babylonian  study 43       481 

Julius  Oppert's  studies  of  the  monuments 43       409 

Recent  Researches  in   Babylonia,  edited  by  Hilprecht 44       189 

Tiamat,  Babylonian  goddess  of  the  abyss i   53 ;  44  21 

Marduk  or  Merodach,  god  of  Babylon i   53 ;  44  21 

Ishtar,  Babylonian  goddess i   54.  55.  67 ;  44  21 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ccli 

Ea,  one  of  the  earliest  Babylonian  deities i   52  ;  44  21 

Sin,  the  Babylonian  Moon-god 44  21 

Story  of  Marduk's  victory  over  Tiamat i  61-66 

Anu,  Bel,  and  Ea,  the  great  gods  of  early  Babylonia i  66 

Bel  and   Shamash,  Babylonian  deities,  send  a  flood  to   destroy  man- 
kind   I   55>  69-72;  44  21 

Babylonian   Penitential  Psalms i  77-80 


BELGIUM 

Belgium,  formed  in  1830  from  a  part  of  the  Netherlands,  with 
an  area  of  11,373  square  miles,  and  a  population  of  about  six 
and  one-half  millions,  is  largely  French,  in  the  language  of  its 
people,  but  more  largely  still  Flemish,  while  both  Flemish  and 
French  are  in  use  as  languages  of  culture,  with  an  ardent  dispo- 
sition of  a  progressive  school  to  employ  French  for  thoroughly 
Flemish  developments.  The  kingdom  has  four  great  universities 
and  two  cities  of  special  historic  interest,  Antwerp  and  Brussels. 
A  notable  service  of  Belgium  to  world  progress  is  that  of  the 
founding  in  Africa  of  the  great  Congo  Free  State  by  the  Bel- 
gian monarch  Leopold  II.,  in  1885. 

Georges  Eekhoud  and  Henri  Conscience,  the  two  great  Belgian  authors, 

10  3957;  the  latter's  brilliant  <  History  of  Belgium  > 10     3959 

Blommaert,  a  Flemish  writer,  whose  great  ambition  was  to  make  Flemish 

a  literary  language,  and  to  unite  all    Flemish-speaking  people... 4 2         63 

Louis  Dechez's  ^Brabangonne,^  the  Belgian  national  hymn 42       289 

Rodenbach's  great  historical  poem  <  Belgium  > 43       463 

The  Young  Belgium  school  of  literature,   13   5189;  personages  of  this 

school 13      5 189 

Duyse's  poems  in  the  Flemish  tongue  and  valuable  works  on  Flemish 

history 42        159 

[See  also  the  sections  on  Antwerp  and  Brussels.] 


BOHEMIA 

Bohemia,  notably  connected  with  the  history  of  culture  as  the 
land  of  John  Huss,  but  now  almost  exclusively  Roman  Catholic, 
is  in  language  and  culture  predominantly  Czech,  with  a  tradition 
of  literary  development  beginning  as  early  as  the  ninth  century. 
The  Bohemian  language  belongs  to  a  group  of  languages  known 
as  Slavonic,  which  includes  also  Polish,   Russian,  Bulgarian,  and 


Cclii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Servian.  The  name  Czech  is  that  under  which  the  dominant 
■tribe  of  Slavs  was  known  before  it  came  into  Bohemia,  and  by- 
subjecting  the  other  Slavic  tribes  in  Bohemia  made  its  name  the 
equivalent  of  Bohemian.  The  Czechs  are  found  also  in  Moravia, 
and  in  other  parts  of  Austria.  There  are  thus  Czechs  which  are 
not  Bohemians,  and  many  Bohemians,  of  German  or  other  descent, 
which  are  not  Czechs.  Bohemia  developed  a  literature  as  early 
as  the  fourteenth  century,  in  which  the  University  of  Prague  was 
founded.  Thomas  of  Stitny  (1373-1400),  wrote  in  Bohemian,  for 
the  instruction  of  the  common  people,  works  of  very  superior  lit- 
erary quality;  and  John  Huss  followed  as  a  preacher  and  writer, 
in  the  years  1402-15.  Peter  Chelczicky  was  a  great  religious 
writer  and  thinker  after  Huss  (1430-56).  As  early  as  the  end  of 
the  thirteenth  century,  the  greater  part  of  the  Bible  had  been  trans- 
lated, and  this  was  made  complete  in  the  fourteenth  century.  In 
the  sixteenth  Jan  Blahoslaw,  who  had  translated  the  New  Testa- 
ment, brought  about  a  new  translation  of  the  whole  Bible,  printed 
in  6  volumes  in  1579-93.  This  was  the  golden  age  of  Bohemian 
culture,  when  education  was  more  advanced  than  in  any  other 
country  in  Europe.  A  period  of  decline  followed  down  to  the  last 
quarter  of  the  eighteenth  century,  when  an  unexampled  resus- 
citation began  through  the  comprehensively  creative  work  of 
Dobrovsky.  It  is  only  since  1848  that  a  vigorous  national  move- 
ment has  created  political  conditions  favorable  to  free  intellectual 
development,  through  which  Bohemia  may  take  its  place  as  one 
of  the  fields  of  European  culture. 

KoUdr,  a  Czech  author  of  popular  songs,  immensely  effective  in  ex- 
pression of  the  Panslavic  idea 43       311 

Dobrovsky,  an  unsurpassed  Bohemian  scholar,  critic,  and  writer;  author 
of  <  History  of  the  Bohemian  Language  and  Literature, >  and 
other  works  immensely  effective  for  linguistic  and  literary  revival   .42       147 

Celakovsky,  a  Czech  poet  and  philologist;  author  of  <Slav  Folk-Songs, > 
<  Echo  of  Bohemian  Folk-Songs, >  and  of  translations  of  Scott  and 
Herder 42        100 

Mokry's   Bohemian  <  People's  Cheap  Library  >     43       386 

Havlicek,  an  influential  journalist,  notable  as  the  most  striking  figure 

of  the  « new  Czech »  movement 42       253 

Hlinka's  numerous  popular  stories  and  novels  dealing  with  life  among 

the  Czechs ..42       266 

Palacky,  author  as  state  historian  of  an  important  series  of  works, 
illustrating  the  history,  literature,  and  religious  tendencies  of 
Bohemia 43       413 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF    INTEREST  ccliii 

Gindely's  <  History  of  the   Thirty  Years'    War,>  a   work  of  European 

reputation  42       218 

Cech,  a  notable  Czech  journalist,  author  of  stories  showing  lively  wit 

and  rich  humor,  and  the  most  popular  of  Czech  poets 42        100 

Julius  Zeyer,  a  Czech  novelist  and  poet ;  author  of  romances  and  tales, 

and  of  a  series  of  epic  poems  based  on  Bohemian  ancient  history. 43        596 

Halek,  a  Czech  lyric  poet  and  dramatist,  widely  appreciated  and  suc- 
cessful   42       244 

Kolar,  a  Czech  novelist  and  dramatist,  author  of  excellent  translations 

from  Shakespeare,  Goethe,  and  Schiller 43       311 

[See  also  under  Prague.] 


BRAZIL 

The  vast  South  American  region  known  as  Brazil,  with  an 
area  of  3,219,000  square  miles,  almost  equal  to  the  whole  of 
Europe,  was  first  seen  by  Pingon,  a  companion  of  Columbus,  Jan- 
uary 26,  1500.  Columbus  had  himself  seen  the  mouth  of  the  great 
river  Orinoco  about  August  i,  1498,  and  had  concluded  against 
the  possibility  of  a  continental  land  as  the  source  of  the  vast 
flood  of  fresh  water.  He  decided  instead  that  it  was  a  river  flow- 
ing down  from  Paradise,  situated,  as  he  conceived,  on  a  vast 
summit  elevation  of  the  globe  to  which  no  human  voyager  could 
ascend.  Had  he  explored  down  the  coast  from  the  Orinoco  and 
pushed  discovery,  as  others  did  after  him,  he  would  have  carried 
off  the  honor  in  history  of  originally  observing  and  reporting  the 
existence  of,  not  merely  islands,  falsely  imagined  to  be  those  of 
India,  but  a  new  continental  world.  Pingon  came  upon  the  coast 
at  Cape  St.  Augustine,  about  seven  degrees  below  the  equator, 
and  followed  the  coast  north,  and  thence  northwest  past  the 
mouths  of  the  Amazon  to  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco.  The  same 
year  the  Portuguese  navigator,  Cabral,  setting  out  from  Portugal 
for  India,  and  being  driven  by  storms  across  the  Atlantic,  reached 
the  coast  which  Pingon  had  seen,  at  a  point  about  sixteen  degrees 
below  the  equator,  and  made  a  claim  for  Portugal  on  Easter  Day, 
about  May  i,  1500,  which  resulted  in  Portuguese  possession  of  the 
vast  region,  the  Atlantic  coast  line  of  which  is  nearly  4,000  miles 
in  extent. 

Portugal  sent  expeditions,  in  1501  and  1503,  which  extensively 
explored  the  coast  and  brought  back  abundance  of  red  dyewoods, 
such  as  had  been  known  in  commerce  for  more  than  300  years 
as   a   product   of   the    East   Indies,  and   called   in   Spanish  brasil. 


Ccliv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

This  brasil  dyewood  suggested  the  name  ^^ Brazil."  Americus  Ves- 
pucius,  who  had  visited  the  coast  of  Venezuela  in  1499,  was  in 
the  exploring  expeditions  just  named.  His  report  of  discovery 
and  exploration  of  continental  lands  first  suggested  that  a  New 
World  had  been  found,  and  was  the  occasion  of  a  geographer's 
giving  it  the  name  of  America. 

Portugal  undertook  comprehensive  occupation  and  colonization 
in  1530,  and  by  the  middle'  of  the  century  the  whole  line  of  the 
coast  from  La  Plata  to  the  Amazon  showed  settlements  already 
attempted.  This  was  genuine  colonization,  on  an  agricultural 
basis,  while  Spanish  occupation,  on  the  other  side  of  the  conti- 
nent, was  purely  that  of  military  conquest  and  plunder.  It  was 
not  until  1693  that  the  discovery  of  gold  played  a  part  in  Brazil- 
ian progress;  and  this  was  after  the  cultivation  of  cotton,  tobacco, 
and  sugar-cane  had  attained  great  development.  The  first  gov- 
ernor-general, who  arrived  in  1549,  and  made  Bahia  the  Brazilian 
capital,  was  accompanied  by  Jesuits,  who  undertook  the  promotion 
of  culture  among  both  colonists  and  natives.  Nobrega,  the  chief 
of  the  Jesuit  mission,  established  a  college  in  1553,  which  became 
broadly  effective  in  the  diffusion  of  knowledge  and  civilization. 
There  is  thus  a  thread  of  culture  in  Brazilian  history,  from  the 
middle  of  the  first  American  century  to  the  period  of  large 
expansion,  which  began  in  1808,  when  the  French  Revolution 
drove  the  royal  family  of  Portugal  to  take  refuge  in  Brazil,  and 
introduced  an  era  of  notable  progress,  giving  promise  of  large 
advance  in  culture. 

The   <  History   of  Brazil  under  Maurice  of  Nassau,>  by   Barlaeus,  a 

Dutch  writer  42  42 

Southey's  <  History  of  Brazil  > ••43  500 

Important  works   of  Varnhagen,   indisputably   the   first   of    Brazilian 
historians:  < General  History  of  Brazil,*  < History  of  the  Struggles 

with  the  Dutch  in  Brazil,  >  <  Anthology  of  Brazilian  Poetry  > 43  543 

Alencar,  a  novelist  of   distinction  as  the  « Cooper »  of  Brazilian  his- 
tory and  life 42  t2 

The  two  most  widely  read  poets  of  Brazil,  Azevedo  and  Dias 42  32,  143 

Taunay's  novels  considered  the  best  ever  produced  by  a  Brazilian.  .  .43  516 

Denis's  <  History  of  Brazil  > 42  139 

Agassiz's  <  Scientific  Results  of  a  Journey  in  Brazil  * 42  7 

A.  R.  Wallace's  < Travels  on  the  Amazon  and  the  Rio  Negro > 43  557 

Mulhall's  <  Handbook   of  the  River   Plata  >;    Mrs.  Mulhall's  <  Between 

the  Amazon  and  the  Andes  > 43  395 

Fletcher's  <  Brazil  and  the  Brazilians  > 42  192 

Kidder's  <  Sketches  of  a  Residence  and  Travels  in  Brazil  > 43  303 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclv 

BULGARIA 

Bulgaria,  so  called  from  the  Bulgars,  who  had  dwelt  on  the 
banks  of  the  Volga,  where  Bolgary  was  their  capital,  dates  from 
the  sixth  century,  when  the  Bulgars  crossed  the  Danube  into  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  peninsula  and  became  merged  with  the 
Slavs,  whom  they  subjected.  From  A.  D.  864  Christianity  was 
adopted,  with  dependence  on  Constantinople.  A  great  height  of 
power  and  of  civilization  was  attained  in  the  ninth  and  tenth 
centuries,  and  a  considerable  literature  existed,  consisting  chiefly 
of  translations  from  the  Greek,  and  theological  works.  After 
many  vicissitudes  of  development  and  power  the  country  was 
completely  subjected  by  the  Ottoman  Turks  in  1389-93,  and  both 
nationality  and  culture  almost  obliterated.  A  national  and  liter- 
ary revival  began  in  1762.  In  1872  the  Bulgarian  Church  made 
itself  independent  of  the  Greek  patriarch.  The  present  Bulgaria 
was  created  in  1878  by  the  treaty  of  Berlin,  and  enlarged  in  1885 
by  the  addition  of  Eastern  Roumelia.  Bulgarian  literature  since 
1762  has  been  chiefly  popular,  political,  and  educational.  With 
new  national  life,  inspired  by  freedom,  fresh  literary  development 
is  already  manifest. 

Strikingly  genuine  and  national  character  of  the  poems  and  romances 

of  Vazoflf 38    15263 

His  great  novel,  <  Pod  Igoto>  (< Under  the   Yoke'),  the   best-known 

piece  of  literature  Bulgaria  has  produced 45       490 

Karavelov,  Bulgarian  author  of  novels,  tales,  and  poems;  one  of  the 

creators  of  Bulgarian  prose 43        297 

Jirdsek,  a  novelist  noted  for  faithful  and  effective  depiction  of  Czech 

life  and  character 42       290 

Kanitz,  an  Hungarian  ethnographer,  the  first  to  draw  correct  maps  of 
Bulgaria  and  the  Balkans,  in  a  series  of  works  on  Servia,  Bul- 
garia, Herzegovina,  Montenegro,  etc. :  a  standard  of  knowledge  of 
Slavic  countries 43       297 


CANADA 

What  is  known  as  Canada,  since  the  constitution,  in  1867,  of 
the  Dominion  of  Canada,  embraces  the  whole  of  British  North 
America,  lying  to  the  north  of  the  United  States,  from  the  At- 
lantic on  the  east  to  Alaska  on  the  west,  and  to  the  farthermost 
Arctic  coasts  on  the  north, —  an  area  below  that  of  the  United 
States    only    since    the    latter    acquired    the    immense    region    of 


cclvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Alaska.  The  original  settlement  was  French,  and  the  popula- 
tion, language,  and  culture,  ever  since  the  transfer  of  the  country 
to  Great  Britain,  have  been  predominantly  French.  The  cities 
notably  connected  with  the  culture  of  Canada  are  Quebec  and 
Montreal;  the  former  founded  by  Cham  plain  in  July,  1608,  and 
until  1759  the  centre  of  French  trade  and  civilization,  and  of 
Roman  Catholic  missions  in  North  America;  and  the  latter  dat- 
ing from  May  18,  1642,  when  Maisonneuve,  the  military  leadei 
of  a  trading  corporation,  landed  on  the  spot.  Montreal  was  the 
scene,  in  1776-77,  of  occupation  by  American  Revolutionary 
troops,  under  a  scheme  of  the  American  leaders  to  secure  the 
participation  of  Canada  in  the  war  of  Independence.  While 
English  is  generally  spoken,  French  is  still  the  leading  language, 
and  Canadian  culture  cannot  fail  to  be  broadly  representative  of 
both  French  and  English  traditions  and  characteristics. 

Parkman's  series  of  works  under  the  general  title  <  France  and  Eng- 
land in  North  America, > — *The  Jesuits  in  North  America  >;  <La 
Salle  and  the  Discovery  of  the  Great  West>;  <The  Old  Regime 
in  Canada  > ;  <  Count  Frontenac  and  New  France  under  Louis 
XIV.>;  <A  Half-Century  of  Conflict,  to  the  Peace  of  Aix-la- 
Chapelle > ;  and  < Montcalm  and  Wolfe > 28  1 1087 ;  4 4  83 

<The  Jesuit  Relations  and  Allied  Documents:  Travels  and  Explora- 
tions of  the  Jesuit  Missionaries  in  New  France,  1610-1791  > 45       476 

Faillon's  comprehensive  history  of  the  French  in  Canada   42        178 

Abb6  H.  R.  Casgrain,  a  notable  ecclesiastic  and  historian  at  Quebec. 42         97 

Grant's  <  Picturesque  Canada,'  describing  the  scenery,  social  life,  and 

industries  of  Canada 42        229 

Justin  Winsor's  <From   Cartier  to  Frontenac  >  and  <The  Struggle  in 

America  between  England  and  France  > 4  3        580 

Haliburton's    historical    and    sociological    books,    dealing    principally 

with  conditions  in  Nova  Scotia  42        244 

Sir  Daniel  Wilson,  a  Canadian  educator,  president  of  Toronto  Uni- 
versity,  1881-92 43        578 

Sir  J.  W.  Dawson,  eminent  Canadian  geologist;  author  of  important 
contributions  to  science,  and  of  <Hand-Book  of  Geography  and 
Natural  History  of  Nova  Scotia  >    42        i35 

Frechette,  a  French-Canadian  poet;  French  Canada  celebrated  in  his 

<  Our  History  > 42  201 ;   15   5967 

Goldwin  Smith,  an  eminent  English  educator,  historical  scholar,  and 

liberal  professor,  from  1871  at  the  Toronto  University 4  3        497 

Chauveau,  a  notable  Canadian  statesman,  popular  poet,  and  prose-writer  .42        105 

Charles  G.  D.  Roberts,  a  Canadian  author  of  short  stories,  and  poems, 

and  of  an  Accadian  historical  romance 31    12295 

Archibald  Lampman,  a  Canadian  poet  of  great  promise 4  3       323 

Gilbert  Parker,  author  of  admirably  executed  novels  of  Canadian  life.  2  8    11047 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cclvii 

CHINA 

Chinese  culture  rests  on  a  system  of  speech  and  written  com- 
position, the  written  characters  of  which  are  symbols  of  ideas, 
and  are  believed  to  have  come  into  use  as  early  as  3400  B.  C. 
Paper  was  made  and  employed  for  writing  in  China  in  the  first 
century  of  our  era,  and  a  Chinese  blacksmith  invented  movable 
types,  as  a  substitute  for  wooden  blocks,  about  1000  A.  D.  The 
common  literature  of  China  is  of  immense  extent  and  variety. 
Its  classics  are  the  books  of  Confucius  and  two  or  three  other 
practical  philosophers,  all  of  whose  teachings  bear  upon  the  con- 
duct of  life.  These  books  are  regarded,  and  are  dealt  with  in 
commentaries,  and  other  studies  of  scholars,  as  the  Chinese  Bible, 
or  Sacred  Scriptures  of  inspired  and  final  authority.  Immense  as 
the  number  of  Chinese  books  is,  it  would  be  much  greater  but 
for  the  destruction  of  important  imperial  libraries  within  a  hun- 
dred years  of  the  death  of  Confucius  (in  479  B.  C).  Both  in 
respect  of  culture  and  of  literary  interest,  Chinese  study,  in  the 
hands  of  the  educated  class,  has  an  elevation  and  value  far  beyond 
anything  suggested  by  common  foreign  knowledge  of  the  people 
of  China.  The  problem  which  Chinese  culture  at  its  best  sug- 
gests is  that  of  ethical  culture  without  spiritism.  The  mass  of 
the  common  people,  however,  find  an  extreme  of  superstitious 
spiritism  in  a  very  degraded  form  of  Buddhism,  and  in  an  equally 
degraded  type  of  Taoism,  which  was  originally  an  elevated  ethi- 
cal faith  like  that  of  Confucius. 

Confucius:  Writings  left  by  him  at  his  death,  478  B.  C,  were  mostly 
a  compilation  of  the  best  literature,  historical,  practical,  and  poet- 
ical, of  China.  It  was  not  at  once  that  these  writings  became 
authoritative  scriptures  of  Chinese  faith 9  3629-35;  42   117 

Lao-tsze  [or  tzti],  a  second  great  Chinese  philosopher,  of  about  the 
same  date  as  Confucius;  author  of  ethical  and  social  teachings  of 
high  character  9  3637 ;  4  3  327 

Mencius,  a  notable  apostle  of  Confucian  teaching,  who  revived  the 
master's  memory  and  authority  during  forty-four  years  of  effort 
(333-289    B.  C. ) g  3635  ;  4  3   377 

The  Sacred  Books  of  China ;  Confucius,  Laotzii,  and  Mencius 

9  3629-37;  42   117;  45  419 

Sze-ma  or  Su-ma  Ts'ien,  the  g^and  astronomer  and  recorder  of 
China  no  B.  C  ;  author  of  existing  Chinese  chronology,  and  of 
<Shih-ki>  or   Historical  Records  (begun   by  his  father)  from  2697 

to  104  B.  C 43        513 

17 


Cclviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

vSze-ma  or  Su-ma  Kwang,  a  Chinese  statesman  of  1009-86  A.  D. ;  au- 
thor of  <The  Comprehensive  Mirror  of  History,*  in  294  books, 
covering  400  B.  C.-960  A.  D 43        5i3 

R.  K.  Douglas  on  the  literature  of  China 9  3629-42 

Wang-Chi-Fou,  one  of  the  greatest  Chinese  dramatic  poets,  lived  in 
the  thirteenth  century,  was  the  creator  of  Chinese  opera,  com- 
posed plays  of  which  two  survive  43        559 

The  Venetian,  Marco  Polo's  record  of  travels  and  residence  in  China 

in  the  last  quarter  of  the  thirteenth  century 43  434;  44  165 

Sir  John  Barrow's  <  Travels  to  China  >  and  <  Voyage  to  Cochin-China  > .  4  2         45 

Howorth's  <  History  of  the  Mongols,  >  a  work  of  great  research 42       277 

The  celebrated  Abbe  Hue's  <  Journey  to  Tartary,  Thibet,  and  China,> 
<The  Chinese  Empire,*  and  <  Christianity  in  China,  Tartary,  and 
Thibet > 42  277 ;  44   i88 

S.  Wells  Williams's  < Dictionary    of  the  Chinese*  and  great  work  on 

China,  <  The  Middle   Kingdom  > 43       577 

Pumpelly's  interesting  study  of  China,  in  < Across  America  and  Asia* 

(1869) 44        305 

<A  Cycle  of  Cathay,*  most  interesting  and  valuable  sketches  of  China 

during  sixty  years,  by  Dr.  W.  A.  P.  Martin 43  371 ;  45  374 

Doolittle's  < Social  Life  of  the  Chinese:  Their  Religions,  Governmen- 
tal, Educational,  and  Business  Customs  and  Opinions  * 4  5       437 

General  Lord  Wolseley's  < Narrative  of  the  War  with  China  in  i860*. 43        582 


DENMARK 

Denmark,  in  itself  the  smallest  of  the  three  Scandinavian 
kingdotns,  occupying  the  peninsula  of  Jutland  and  a  group  of  is- 
lands in  the  Baltic,  has  large  dependencies  in  Iceland  and  in  the 
habitable  part  of  Greenland.  Historically,  also,  Sweden  has  be- 
longed to  Denmark  from  1397  to  1524,  and  Norway  until  1813; 
and  the  Danish  language  has  remained  that  of  the  educated  class 
in  Norway.  Even  the  loss  of  the  crown  province  of  Sleswick, 
with  Holstein  and  Lauenborg,  has  not  prevented  Danish  progress 
and  distinction  in  Europe.  Norwegian  genius,  notably  in  Hol- 
berg,  greatly  contributed  to  Danish  advance,  and  through  the 
connections  by  marriage  of  the  Royal  Family  in  England,  Russia, 
and  elsewhere,  the  Danish  name  has  been  made  most  conspicuous. 

Torfeson,  a  Danish-Latin  historian  of  Icelandic  birth,  author  of  an 
important  < History  of  Norway*  and  other  works  of  extreme 
Norse  interest 43       529 

Pedersen's  Danish  translation  of  Luther's  Bible 4  3       421 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cclix 

Tycho  Brahe's  astronomical  observatory  at  Uranienborg,  built  in  1576.  lo     4040 

Arrebo,  father  of  modem  Danish  poetry 42  •      27 

Holberg  by  his  intellectual  breadth  and  power  the  greatest  name  in 

Scandinavian  literature 18  7409-16 

Hauch,  author  of  lyrics  ranking  him  as  the  foremost  Danish  poet  of 

nature  and  sentiment 4  *       252 

Oehlenschlager,  the  greatest  of  Danish  poets 27    10745 

Dahlmann's  brilliant  < History  of  Denmark >  (German) .42        129 

Andersen's  fame  as  author  of  the  universally  read  <  Wonder  Tales  >.  .2  500 
Brandes,  the  most  advanced  of  Danish  writers  and  one  of  the  fore- 
most European  critics 5  2299-310 

Drachmann,  a  notable  «new  era»  writer  of  poems  and  tales  of  the 

sea,  the  shore,  and  the  fisher's  life 12  4840-50 

Kjerkegaard,  an  eminent   Danish   religious  writer,  who  construes  re- 
ligion as  a  matter  of  personal   theistic  faith,  irrespective  of  any 

church  Christianity 43       307 

Molbech,  a  Danish  journalist  and  theatre  censor  at  Copenhagen 43       386 

[See  also  Copenhagen.] 


EGYPT 

Egypt  as  a  land  of  culture  represented  by  inscriptions  on 
monuments,  and  by  fragments  of  a  literature,  may  be  viewed  as 
extending  backward  from  about  500  B.  C.  through  4,000  years. 
The  general  story  for  these  forty  centuries  is  fairly  complete  and 
correct,  and  exceedingly  rich  in  interest,  yet  of  almost  no  import- 
ance in  respect  of  contributions  to  definitive  and  mature  culture. 
As  in  many  other  cases,  the  fame  of  Egypt,  to  the  Greeks  for 
example,  was  due  chiefly  to  things  of  curious  interest,  and  not  to 
any  important  intellectual  product.  The  land  of  the  Nile,  in  fact, 
enters  for  the  first  time,  under  the  present  beneficent  tutelage  of 
England,  upon  progress  promising  entire  departure  from  primi- 
tive barbarism. 

Close  relation  of  Egypt  with  Babylonia  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 

centuries  B.  C i  59 

Flinders  Petrie's  <  History  of  Egjrpt  from  the  Monuments  > 44  20 

Maspero's  two  large  works  giving  the  history  from  3850  to  850  B.  C. .  4  5  343 

Maspero's  < Manual  of  Egyptian  Archaeology) 44  335 

Interesting  and  valuable  works  on  the  antiquities  of  Egypt,  by  Amelia 

B.  Edwards 42  163 

Lepsius's  magnificent  <  Monuments  of   Egypt  and   Ethiopia  >;  transla- 
tion of  the  famous  <  Book  of  the  Dead  > ;  and  < Letters  from  Egypt >.  43  337 
Perrot  and  Chipiez  on  Art  in  Ancient  Egypt 44  123 


Cclx  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Elaborate  <  Library  >  story  of  the  literature  of  Egypt 13   5225-344 

Sketch-history  of  the  literature  in  three  periods 13   5230-32 

The   temple   worship   and   ancient   astronomy  of   Egypt  depicted   by 

J.  N.   Lockyer 45  476 

Wiedemann's  ^Ancient  Religion  of  the  Egyptians > 45  413 

Egyptian  doctrine  of  immortality 45  414 

Ebers's  study  of  ancient  Egyptian  civilization  in  his  novel  *■  Uarda,  > 
45  522;  his  <  Egyptian  Princess, >  a  picture  of  Egypt  in  the  time 
of   Cambyses,  44    20;  <The   Sisters,  >  a   story  of  Memphis,  of  the 

temple  of  Serapis,  and  of  the  palace  of  the  Ptolemies! 13  5091 

Rawlinson's  <  History  of  Egypt  >   43  452 

Wilkinson's  <  Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Ancient  Egyptians  > 43  576 

Sir  J.  W.  Dawson's  <  Egypt  and  Syria  > 42  135 

Gautier's  <  Romance  of  the  Mummy, >  a  marvelous  picture  of  Egyptian 

life 15  6223 

Slatin  Pasha's  account  of  the  Egyptian  Dervishes 44  96 

The  ^Arabian  Nights  >  in  their  present  form  came  from  Egypt 2  624 

Lady  DuflE-Gordon's  <  Letters  from  Egypt  >   (1862-69) 45  554 

Darmesteter's  <  The  Mahdi  > 11  4380 

Mariette,  principal  founder  of  the  great  museum  of  antiquities  at  Bou- 
lak,    now    at   Gizeh,    and    author  of   <Karnak,>    *Denderah,>  and 

<  Monuments  of  Upper  Egypt  > 43  368 

Lane's  <  Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Modern  Egyptians, >  and  other 

valuable  works  on  Egypt 43  324 

Stanley  Lane- Poole's  <  Social  Life  in  Egypt  > 43  325 

Edward  Dicey's  <  England  and  Egypt  > 42  143 

De  Leon's  <The    Khedive's  Egfypt> 42  137 


ENGLAND 

England,  in  respect  of  culture,  not  only  covers  the  Scottish 
and  Irish  ground  to  which  London  is  a  centre,  but  it  covers,  not 
less,  every  field  of  human  development,  in  America,  Australia, 
Africa,  or  India,  into  which  English  genius  for  affairs,  for  humanity, 
and  for  literature,  has  carried  the  beneficent  stream  of  English 
culture.  The  earliest  initiation  of  this  culture  on  English  soil 
was  through  the  agency  of  Celtic  Irish  missionaries  in  the  north 
of  England,  an  historic  monument  of  whose  work  was  the  great 
monastery  founded  in  the  year  657  under  the  famous  Abbess 
Hilda.  This  work  had  continued  for  a  third  of  a  century  before 
the  Italian  Augustine,  sent  by  Pope  Gregory  I.,  appeared  in  the 
south  of  England,  and  planted  the  archbishopric  of  Canterbury  as 
a  seat  of  Christian  instruction. 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxi 

The  England  of  these  beginnings  dated  from  the  landing  of 
viking*  ships,  in  the  extreme  southeast  of  Britain,  in  the  year 
449.  This  was  an  invasion  from  Jutland,  on  the  other  side  of  the 
North  Sea,  where  the  related  tribes  of  Jutes,  Angles,  and  Saxons 
dwelt;  and  from  this  time  forward  successive  companies  of  in- 
vaders arrived  on  the  south  and  east  coasts  of  Britain,  not  merely 
to  plunder,  but  to  conquer  and  to  occupy,  relentlessly  killing  or 
driving  away  the  earlier  possessors  of  the  soil.  These  earlier 
possessors  were  Britons  of  Celtic  race,  who  had  felt  the  influence 
of  Roman  civilization  from  as  far  back  as  the  time  of  Julius 
Caesar,  and  in  addition  had  for  three  or  four  generations  accepted 
Christianity  and  created  a  Celtic  British  church. 

It  was  after  more  than  a  century  and  a  half  of  the  viking  ship 
invasions,  and  the  driving  back  into  Wales  of  the  Celtic  survivors 
of  generations  of  conflict,  when  Celtic  Christianity  began  to  win 
upon  the  interest  of  the  still  heathen  English  and  persuaded  them, 
as  we  have  just  stated,  to  accept  Christian  culture.  A  first  fruit 
of  this  acceptance  was  the  appearance  of  Caedmon,  the  earliest  in 
time  of  the  long  line  of  English  poets.  The  story  connects  him 
with  the  Abbess  Hilda  at  Whitby,  in  perhaps  the  ten  years  pre- 
ceding her  death  (670-680).  The  next  English  generation  wit- 
nessed the  life  of  Bede  (673-735),  ^.nd  still  the  next  that  of  Alcuin. 
Apart  from  poetry,  Bede  is  the  fountain  head  of  English  litera- 
ture, and  Alcuin,  who  made  York  famous  by  his  educational  work. 


*  The  term  «  viking  »  came  into  use  to  express  the  salient  fact  of  the  practice  of  the  North- 
men as  plunderers  by  sea.  With  vessels  which  were  small  and  of  light  draught,  propelled 
by  banks  of  oars,  they  could  penetrate  into  bays,  rivers,  or  the  mouths  of  creeks,  in  pursuit 
of  plunder,  or  could  lie  in  wait  in  them  for  an  opportunity  to  dart  out  and  attack  a  passing 
vessel.  It  was  with  reference  to  this  practice  that  they  were  called  b'ay-men  or  creek-men, 
from  the  word  vik,  «  bay  »  or  «  creek."  The  ruthless  spirit  of  plunder  and  massacre  animating 
these  sea-rovers  made  them  especially  a  terror  in  the  eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  centuries,  when 
they  came  in  great  numbers  to  sack  cities,  and  rob  rich  monasteries,  and  ravage  cultivated 
lands,  but  the  viking  ship  was  practically  the  same  with  the  first  landings  of  Jutes,  Angles, 
or  Saxons  in  the  bays  and  creeks  of  the  coast  of  Britain.  These  early  viking  men  came  not 
only  for  plunder  but  for  possession,  and  they  killed  or  drove  away  relentlessly  to  make  room 
for  themselves.  The  viking  ship  thus  became  a  .symbol  of  colonization,  the  expansion  into 
new  lands  which  has  so  strongly  characterized  the  English  race.  It  was  at  the  World's  Fair 
in  Chicago  a  symbol  immensely  more  significant  than  the  Spanish  caravel. 

«  The  viking  ships  were  merely  long  narrow  open  boats,  generally  some  seventy-five  feet 
long  by  fifteen  wide,  but  drawing  only  three  and  a  half  feet  of  water.  They  relied  on  row- 
ing more  than  on  sailing,  and  their  one  ma-st  could  be  easily  lowered,  and  generally  was  taken 
down  before  a  naval  engagement.  When  the  wind  was  favorable  they  ussed  a  single  large 
square  sail,  but  it  was  always  in  the  strength  and  endurance  of  the  oarsmen  that  they  placed 
their  main  confidence.  The  ordinary  viking  vessel  seems  to  have  carried  about  one  hundred 
and  twenty  men,  so  that  to  transport  any  large  body  an  enormous  number  of  ships  was  re- 
quired, but  even  in  .small  numbers  the  vikings  were  very  formidable,  almost  every  man  being 
well  equipped  with  the  shirt  of  ring-mail  and  steel  helmet."    (Oman's  'Europe,  476-918.') 


CClxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

was  the  earliest  great  English  missionary,  in  his  creation  for 
Charlemagne,  in  Germany,  of  schools  for  the  diffusion  of  culture. 
In  Caedmon  and  Bede  and  Alcuin,  with  the  great  King  Alfred 
in  the  years  871-901,  the  powerful  impulses  of  the  English  mind 
to  broad  and  thorough  culture  were  made  rranifest,  as  the  thou- 
sand years  since  the  death  of  Alfred  have  carried  them  into  every 
form  of  development,  on  a  scale  that  is  now  world-encircling. 

In  the  seven  centuries  from  the  appearance  of  Caedmon  to  the 
first  appearance  of  Chaucer  as  a  leading  English  writer,  English 
utterance  was  obscured  by  the  Latin  of  the  church,  or  by  the 
Court  use  of  French  after  the  Norman  Conquest.  It  was  not  un- 
til the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century  that  the  English  people, 
after  the  terrible  thinning  by  the  first  great  plague  of  1349,  be- 
gan to  insist  on  its  own  language,  and  to  set  aside  the  Latin 
of  the  church  and  the  French  of  Court  and  State.  French  ceased 
to  be  the  legal  tongue  of  England  in  1362.  In  the  next  year 
English  was  first  used  as  the  language  of  speeches  in  Parliament. 
This  meant  essentially  the  dawn  of  Democracy  as  the  dominant 
underlying  element  of  English  culture.  Langland's  *■  Vision  of 
Piers  Plowman,^  dating  from  1362,  but  rewritten  in  1377,  was 
the  earliest,  as  it  was  a  powerful,  expression  of  this  spirit.  It 
was  a  masterly  protest  of  English  thought  against  the  Latin 
church,  and  of  the  tongue  of  the  people  against  the  French  of 
the  Court.  The  greater  poet  who  followed  Langland,  Geoffroy 
Chaucer,  had  accompanied  the  Court  of  Edward  III.  in  his  famous 
invasion  of  France  (1359),  and  for  some  years,  from  1372,  he  had 
repeatedly  visited  Italy,  and  added  knowledge  of  Italian  poetry 
to  his  admiring  acquaintance  with  French.  It  was  near  the  end 
of  the  century  that  he  executed  his  great  conception  of  a  series 
of  tales  designed  to  be  pictures  of  English  character  and  life, 
and  did  it  with  a  perfection  of  art  which  brought  him  near  to 
Dante  and  Petrarch,  and  left  him  a  true  precursor  to  Shakes- 
peare. Before  Chaucer  had  reached  his  great  task,  John  Wyclif's 
undertaking,  an  English  version  of  the  whole  Bible,  and  literature 
in  English  appealing  to  the  common  people,  not  only  against  the 
abuses  of  the  Latin  church,  but  against  the  Catholic  system  of 
faith,  had  planted  a  standard  of  vernacular  English,  and  of 
thorough  humanism  in  culture,  which  at  once  fulfilled  the  promise 
of  Caedmon  and  Bede  and  King  Alfred,  and  prophesied  the  long 
line  of  developments  to  our  own  time.  The  age  of  Elizabeth 
and  of  the  planting  of  America  carried  the  level  of  English  culture 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxiii 

to  a  height  never  surpassed  in  any  land  or  any  time,  and  set  in 
motion  an  expansion  which  not  only  encircles  but  envelops  the 
world. 

Alcuin,  one  of  England's  earliest  great  educators i    295 ;  42   10 

The  early  history  of  England,  by  the  great  Benedictine  scholar,  Bede  4  5       360 
Alfred  the  Great,  his  great  services  to  England  and  to   English  cul- 
ture   I  391.  392;  42   13 

Pauli's  valuable  <King  Alfred, >  and  other  studies  of  English  history. 43  419 
Haller's  Swiss-German  novel,  <  Alfred,  King  of  the  Anglo-Saxons  * ...  4  2  245 
Numerous  Anglo-Saxon   or    English  works    of   Alfric,    of    very   high 

quality 2  557 

Ettmiiller's  important   *  Anglo-Saxon    Lexicon  > 42        1 74 

View  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  period  to  the  Norman  Conquest 2    543-57 

Thomas  Miller's  <  History  of  the  Anglo-Saxons  > 43       383 

Thierry  on  the  battle  of  Hastings 37    14810 

Froissart,   his  chronicle  for  the  years  1326-94 15     6039 

Holinshed's  <Chronicles,>  an  admirable  history  in  Elizabethan  Eng- 
lish ;    extensively  used  by  Shakespeare 19      7446 

Echard's  <  History  of  England  from  the  first  Entrance  of  Julius  Csesar 
and  the  Romans  to  the  End  of  the  Reign  of  James  I., >  contain- 
ing a  weal4h  of  information 42        162 

Very  high  character  of   the   contributions   to   English   history,    in  its 

origins  and  development,  made  by  William  Stubbs 35    14139-42 

Hume's  <  History  of  Great  Britain  > 19      7779 

E.  A.  Freeman's  notably  important  studies  of  English  history 15      5978 

Special  importance  of  the  extended  works  in  English  history  of  S.  R. 

Gardiner  .  ^ 42       208 

Froude's  great  work  on  the   history  of   England   under    Henry  VHL 

and   Elizabeth 15     6059 

Macaulay's  <  History  of  England  > 24     9385 

Green's  *■  Short  History  of  the   English    People  >  and   other  works ;  a 

popular  improvement  in  English  history 17     6663 

Justin    McCarthy's    < History    of    Our    Own    Times,*    <Four   Georges, > 

<  Epoch  of  Reform,  >  and   novels   concerned  with  the    England  of 

his  own  day 24     9440 ;  44  6 

Thackeray's  <The  Four  Georges, >  45    350;  H.  W.  Lucy's  story  of  the 

Disraeli  and  Gladstone  parliaments,   1874-80,   1880-85 45       350 

The  Laws  of  Athelbert,  king  of  Kent  (died  616),  the  oldest  English 
prose;  and  those  of  Ine  (about  690),  the  foundation  of  modern 
English  law 2  545 

Stubbs's  < Constitutional  History  of  England,*  44  28;  Rudolf  Gneist's 
*  History  of  the  Constitution  of  England,*  44  28;  Sir  T.  E.  May's 

<  Story   of   the    English   Constitution   from    1760  to    186 1,>  44    28; 
Bagehot's  <  Essays  on  the  English  Constitution  > 44         28 

Hallam's  <  Constitutional  History  of  England  > 17     6854 


CClxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Blackstone  on  the  laws  of  England 44  206 

Extraordinary  distinction  of  John  Selden  at  the  bar  in  the  great  age 

of  Shakespeare  and  Milton 33  13099 

The  <Paston  Letters,  >  picturing  English  middle-class  life  in  the  time 

of  the  Wars  of  the  Roses 45  441 

Hallam  on  English  domestic  comfort  in  the  fifteenth  century 17  6855 

Seeley's  study  of  the  expansion  of  England 44  239 

Uilke's  studies  of  «  Greater  Britain  » 42  145 

Sir  Thomas  More's  career  in  English  politics  (1494-1535) 26    10295 

Moral  breakdown  following  the  age  of  Elizabeth 4        1678 

Lord  Bacon's  opinion  of  the  reign  and  character  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  3         1193 

English  growth  in  commerce  and  comfort  under  Elizabeth 17      6671 

Carlyle's  <  Cromwell's  Letters  and  Speeches,  >  44  65 ;  Gardiner's  <  Crom- 
well's Place  in  History > 44         66 

Cromwell's  portrait  by  Bossuet,  5  2215,  2223;  Goldwin  Smith's  esti- 
mate of  Cromwell 45        511 

Masson's  <  Life  and  Times  of  John  Milton  > 44         81 

<Gramont's  Memoirs, >  a  brilliant  picture  of  the  court  of  Charles  II  .  . 

17  6913;  44  16 

Brilliant  political  career  of  Jonathan  Swift  opened  by  a  party  pam- 
phlet in  1701,  36  14261 ;  his  later  Irish  pamphlets  enormously  pop- 
ular in  Ireland ^ 36    14264 

Eminence  in  character  and  literary  career  of  Samuel  Johnson,  2 1 
8283-90;  his  Dictionary  a  very  great  performance,  8288;  his  <  Lives 

of  the  English  Poets  > 21      8289 

Notable  place  in  English  letters  of  Izaak  Walton,  author  of  delightful 

English  biographies  and  of  *The  Complete  Angler  > 38   15601-05 

Originality  and  distinction  of  David  Hume  in  several  departments  of 

English  literature 19     7777 

Voltaire  on  the  English  Nation  in  1733 44         29 

Mrs.  Burney's  <  Diary  and  Letters, >  our  best  historical  picture  of  Eng- 
lish life  and  court  scenes  in  1786-91 7        2819 

Horace  Walpole's  high  rank  as  a  writer  of  letters  most  entertaining 

from  his  keen  observation  of  men  and  things 38   15565-67;  4  3  558 

Mrs.  Abigail  Adams  finds  English  women  in  London  Amazonians.  ..i  loi 

Lecky's  < History  of  England  in  the  Eighteenth  Century) 44  29 

Thackeray's  <  English  Humorists  of  the  Eighteenth  Century  > 44         75 

Brilliant  statesmanship  and  parliamentary  oratory  of  Edmund  Burke. 

7  2779-808 

Burke's  influence  in  creating  the  England  of  to-day 7        2787 

Ashton  on  the  Dawn  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  in  England 45  557 

Thackeray's  picture  of  English  society  in  the  first  half  of  this  century.  45  507 
William  Beckford,  England's  richest  untitled  citizen,  in  the  early  part 

of  Victoria's  reign 4  1699 

Works  of  Thomas  Love  Peacock  showing  the  intellectual  peculiarities 

of  Englishmen  in  the  first  half  of  this  century 28  11225 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cclxv 

Wordsworth's  sonnets  reflecting  the  English  ideal 39    16197 

Matthew  Arnold's  designation  of  England's  aristocratic  class  as  « The 

Barbarians  » 2  862 

Fielding's  ideal  John  Bull 14      5703 

Trevelyan's  <  Charles  James  Fox  > 44         83 

George  Canning,  English  statesman  and  orator 8        3189 

Richard  Cobden,  eminent  English  parliamentary  agitator  for  English 

free  trade 42        113 

Brougham,  Lord,  a  notable  literary  and  political  figure  from  1802  to 

1862 42         77 

W.    E.   Gladstone's  brilliant   career    in    statesmanship,   letters,    moral 

influence,  and  personal  eminence 16     6359 

Disraeli,  Lord  Beaconsfield,  twenty-five   years'  Conservative  leader  in 

Parliament 4        1636 

John  Bright,  an  English  tribune  of  the  people  in  Parliament  over 
forty  years,  6  2355;  « the  one  great  English  orator  of  this  genera- 
tion »  (G.  W.  Smalley) 29    11411 

Distinction  of  John  Morley  as  a  radical  and  a  scientific  idealist 26    10323 

Tennyson's  < Hands  All  Round, ^  a  song  of  freedom 40    16431 

Conan  Doyle's  patriotic  <  The  Bowmen's   Song  > 12     4838 

Dibdin's   sea    songs    notably    reflect    English    seamanship   and    naval 

genius  1 1     4620 

Sydney  Dobell's  <  England  in  War  Time,>  rich  in  general  human  in- 
terest, 12    4734;  his  description    of   scenery  among   the    finest   in 

English  literature 12     4734 

Escott's  England 44         29 

<  The  Homes  of  England, >  by  Mrs.   Hemans 18     7231 

Hawthorne's  < English  Notes, >  44  30;  his  <Our  Old   Home*  44       113 

R.  W.  Emerson's  <  English  Traits  •      44         30 

Lounsbury's  <  History  of  the  English  Language  > 45       427 

The  earliest  history  of  English  literature  by  John  Bale    (1548) 42         38 

Earliest  printing  of  books  in  England,   2    886;  earliest   books   printed 

in  England,  4    1834;  Jacob  Tonson,  the  first  English   publisher..!  148 

John  Wyclif 's  splendid  service  as  translator  of  the  entire  Bible  into 
English  (1382),  and  great  religious  reformer  before  Luther  and 
Calvin 39  16235,  16236 ;  4  3  586 

The  most  entertaining  book  in  early  English   prose,  <The   Marvelous 

Adventures  of  Sir  John  Mandeville> 24     9655 

Extraordinary  distinction  and  charm  of  the  character  and  literary  pro- 
duct of  Sir  Philip  Sidney 34    13385-88 

English  inspiration  of    German   literature 7        2767 

Voltaire's  <  Letters  on  the  English  Nation  >  incalculably  effective  in 
Europe;  English  literature  and  the  English  people  made  known 
to  France;  Shakespeare  first  made  known  to  the  French   people.  38    15451 

Marked  intellectual  power  shown  in  Fuller's  <  Church  History  of  Brit- 
ain >  and  <  Worthies   of  England  > 15     6129 

Abraham  Cowley,  the  first  regular  English  writer  of  modern  prose .  i  o  4094,  4095 


cclxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Sir  Richard  Steele's  career  with  Addison    as  an   initiator  of   literary 

journalism 35    13877 

Juliana  Berners,  the  first  woman   to  become  an   English  author    (at 

the  close  of   the  fifteenth  century) 4    1834-36 

Aphra  Behn,  author  of  novels,  plays,  and  poems;  the  first  woman  in 

England  to  live  by  her  pen 42         51 

Mary  WoUstonecraft,  a  conspicuous  initiator  of  the  nineteenth-century 

movement  to  give  woman  an  equal  education  with  man 39    16129-32 

Joanna  Baillie,  a  dramatist  whom  Scott  praised  for  excellence  almost 

Shakespearean 3    1253-71 

Exceptional  eminence  of  Jane  Austen  in  novels  of  real  life 3    1045-79 

Sydney  Smith's  intellectual  power  and  salutary  influence  as  an  ad- 
vanced thinker  on  politics,  philosophy,  and  religion 34    13556 

Twenty  years  of  the  brilliant  essays  of  Macaulay,   24   9382;  renown  of 

his  ballads,  9384;  unsurpassed  success  of  his  history 24     9385 

Remarkable  power  and  wealth  of  ideas  and   langfuage   of  John  Rus- 

kin 32    12509-15 

Extraordinary  breadth,  thoroughness,  and  refinement  of  J.  A.  Symonds's 

English  contributions  to  the  history  of  culture 36    14338 

Notable  career   of  Gold  win   Smith  in   liberal   political   and  religious 

thought 34    13537-40 

Leslie  Stephen's  preeminence  in  English  criticism  and  literary  history .  4  3  505 
The  newer  literature  of  England  in  Lang,  Gosse,  Dobson,  Stevenson, 

and   Henley 22 


Langland's   notable   protest  against   the    Latin  or  Roman  Church  in 

England,  in  his  < Vision  of  Piers  Plowman >  (1362) 43  326;  45  402 

Notable  religious  liberality  of  Chillingworth,  42   107;  and  Whichcote, 

the  founder  of  Broad  Church  divinity  in  England 43        570 

George  Fox,  English  founder  of  the  sect  of  Quakers 42        198 

Richard    Hooker's  <Laws    of   Ecclesiastical   Polity,  >  a   masterpiece  of 

eloquent  liberalism 42        272 

Broad  and  sympathetic  rationalism  in  religfion  of  Jeremy  Taylor.  .36  14551-54 

John  and  Charles  Wesley  in  the  great  initiation  of  Methodism 38  15790-94 

Humanitarian  career  of  William  Wilberforce,    effecting  the  abolition 

of  the  slave  trade  under  British  rule 43        574 

Extreme  originality   and  interest  as  a   teacher  of  new  thinking  and 

new  progress  of  Thomas  Carlyle 8        3231 

Buckle's  originality,  boldness  of  thought,  and  very  great  popular  suc- 
cess, in  studies  of  the  history  of  civilization 6        2673 

Broad  church  distinction  of  F.  D.  Maurice,  25  9828;  Bishop  Colenso, 

42  114;  Dean  Stanley,  43  503 ;  and  Charles  Kingsley 22      8611 

Foremost  place  among  English  preachers  and  in  recent  English  litera- 
ture of  Dr.  John  Watson  (Ian  Maclaren) 38  15692-95 

Extraordinary    attention    given  to  the   new-departure    conception    of 

Christianity  shown  by  the  sermons  of  F.  W.  Robertson 31    12307 

Distinction  in  contemporary   English  criticism   of   F.  W.  H.  Myers's 

essays  giving  modern  answers  to  old  problems 26  1051 1,  105 12 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxvii 

Dixon's  <  History  of  the  Church  of  England  > 42        146 

Dugdale's  monumental  work  on  English  cathedrals 42       154 

Courthope's  <  History  of  English  Poetry  > 44       301 

Csedmon,  the  father  of  English  song,  42  87;  his  first  hymn  the  earli- 
est piece  of  Anglo-Saxon  poetry  originating  in  England 2  547 

Beowulf,  a  far  more  nobly  conceived  hero  than  the  Greek  Achilles  .  .2  550 

Three  great  works  by  John  Gower,  one  in  French,  one  in  Latin,  and 

one  in  English 16     6581 

Chaucer,  the  later  father   of   English   poetry,  9  3551-64;    Lounsbury's 

<  Studies  in  Chaucer,  >  44  38;  Skeat's  <  Student's  Chaucer  > 44         39 

Attractive  figure  at  the  court  of   Henry  VIII.    of  the   English  love 

poet,  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt 39  16230,   16231 

Edmund  Spenser's  opening  of  the  great  age  of  Elizabethan  litera- 
ture with  the  < Shepherd's  Calendar  >  and  the  < Faery  Queen >  .35   13752-55 

Chapman's  version  of  Homer,  one  of  the  classics  of  Elizabethan  liter- 
ature   9  3523-30 

George  Wither's  lovely  lyrics   noteworthy   for  delicacy  of   sentiment 

and  refinement  of  taste 39    161 23 

Edmund  Waller's  place  as  the  initiator  of  the  movement  of  artifice 
and  formalism  in  poetry,  which  reached  its  height  in  Dryden  and 
Pope 38    15555-57 

Fervor  and  charm  of  Henry  Vaughan's  religious  poems,  with  those  of 

Herbert,  Crashaw,  and  Quarles 37    15257 

John  Dryden's  supreme  place  in  English  poetry  in  the  age  next  after 

that  of  Milton 12  4919-50 

The  unequaled  grace,  ease,  good-humor,  and  spontaneity  of  the  poems 

of  Prior 30    1 1837 

Alexander  Pope  the  earliest  English  self-supporting  man  of  letters, — 

the  foremost  English  poet  of  the  eighteenth  century 30    11711 

Shenstone's  poetry  illustrating  the  extreme  of  artificial  pathos 34    13308 

James  Thomson's  <  Seasons  >  and  other  poems  a  remarkable  initiation 

of  departure  from  the  artificial  style  of  Pope  in  English  poetry.  3 7  14851-53 

Genius  of  Isaac  "Watts  in  the  production  of  hymns  of  almost  universal 

acceptance   for   Christian  worship  38    15717,  15718 

Exceptional  poetic  success  of  Edward  Young  in  blank  verse 39    16277 

Coleridge's  eminence  as  both  a  poet  and  a  critical  philosopher 9    3843-70 

Robert  Southey,  poet  laureate  from  1813,  —  a  career  of  notable  interest 

and  worth 35    13679-81 

Wordsworth's  preeminence  as  a  poet  of   thought,  of  moral  energy,  of 

English  patriotism,  and  of  exceedingly  pure  feeling  for  nature..  .39    16193 

Lord  Byron,  the  brilliantly  original   and   successful  poet  of  the   first 

quarter  of  the  nineteenth  century 7        2935 

Shelley's  rare  excellence  as  an  English  poet  of  the  highest  class 34    13270 

John  Keats,  a  popular  hero  of   English   literature,   21    8497;   the  Celt 

among  the  English 21      8500 

Matthew  Arnold's  eminence  as  a  poet,  critic,  and  liberal  thinker,  not- 
ably representing  the  new  Oxford a      844-45 


CClxviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Extraordinary  vital  qualities,  and  powerful  influence  upon  the  thought 

and  feeling  of  the  age,  of  the  poetry  of  Tennyson 36    14585-87 

Contributions  of  the  Rossettis  to  English  poetry  under  Victoria. .  3  i   12397,  12411 

William  Morris  one  of  the  six  greatest  Victorian  poets,  and  pioneer 
in  the  school  joined  by  Swinburne  and  Rossetti,  26  10337-38;  his 
prodigious  literary  achievement,  10340;  his  translations,  <^neid,> 
^Odyssey,)  < Beowulf,*  and  a  long  series  of  Icelandic  sagas 26    10341 

Brilliant  supremacy  o£  Algernon  Swinburne  in  English  poetry  at  the 

end  of   the  century 36    14289 

William  Watson,   eminent  as  the  foremost  younger  poet  of  England. 

38    15705,   15706 

*Gorboduc,>  the  first  tragedy  in  English 2  838 

Nicholas  Udall,  author  of  the  first  regular  comedy  in  English,  .* 43       537 

Shakespeare,  the  supreme  representative  of  English-speaking  culture.  33    13167 

The  Bacon -Shakespeare  question,  Engel's  work  on 42        170 

Brilliant,  striking,  and  typical  figure  of  Marlowe  in  the  Elizabethan  age.  24     9714 
Ben  Jonson's  tragedies  and  comedies,   notable  for  dramatic  picturing 

of  the  life  of  the  time 21   8341-60 

Shakespeare's  greatest  pupil  in  tragedy,  John  Webster 38    15758 

Dramatic  work  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  nearest  to  that  of  Shakes- 
peare    4  1674-78 

Samuel  Foote  the  « Aristophanes  of  the   English   staged  in  Garrick's 

time 15      5879 

Brilliant  career  of  Sheridan  as  a  dramatist  and  parliamentary  orator.  34  133 17-21 
Sir  H.  Taylor's  contribution  to  literary  English  drama 36    14539 

Daniel  Defoe's  early  distinction  in  fiction,  and  journalist  accounts  of 

current  events 11  4479-512 

English  journalism  initiated  by  Steele  and  Addison .  i  148-71;  35  13875;  43  505 

The  initiation  of  English  novel-writing  by  Samuel  Richardson,  3 1 
12225;  3.  result  of  the  comparatively  low  state  of  social  morals  in 
England 31    12226 

Fielding's  succession  to   Defoe   and   Richardson    in  «a  new  province 

of  writing  » 14  5693-731 

The   strongly    British    and  vigorous   realism   of   Smollett's   humorous 

stories 34    13576-79 

Exquisite  art  of  the  humorous  stories  of  Laurence  Sterne 35   13900-02 

Unsurpassed  distinction  and  success  of  the  novels  of  Sir  Walter  Scott.  33    12995 

Wealth   of   humor,    humanity,   and    broad    character-painting,    in  the 

novels  of  Charles  Dickens 11  4625-88 

Exceptional  distinction  in  elaborate  and  exquisite  art,  faithful  realism, 
and  profound  social  and  moral  quality  of  the  novels  and  historical 
studies  of  Thackeray 36  14668-72 

Beautiful  supplement  to  her  father's  career  of  Anne  Thackeray  (Mrs. 

Ritchie) 31    12273 

Great  intellectual  power,  notable  portrayal  of  English  life,  and  pro- 
found moral  value  of  the  novels  of  George  Eliot 13   5359-75 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxix 

Charlotte  Bronte's  intense  realism,  artistic  power,  and  critical  insight, 

in  notably  successful  novels 6        2381 

Brilliantly  effective,  socialistic,  and   humanitarian    novels   of   Charles 

Kingsley 22      861 1 

Charles  Reade's  work  as  a  novelist  based  on  his  conception  of  fic- 
tion as  «the  highest,  widest,  noblest,  and  greatest  of  all  the  arts ».  31   12 105 

Exceptional  distinction  of  Anthony  Trollope  as  a  broadly  and  thor- 
oughly English  novelist 3  7   15031-34 

Striking  originality,  power  of   thought,  and  vigorous  imagination,  in 

the  novels  of   George  Meredith 25      991 5 

Romances,    biographies,    and  critical   studies,    of  great    interest    and 

value,  by  Mrs.  Margaret  Oliphant 27    10819 

Eminently  popular  novels  of  William  Black,  largely  devoted  to  High- 
land Scotch  scenery  and  character 5        1983 

Thomas  Hardy's  long  series  of  novels  of  rural  life,  intensely  realistic 

and   natural 17     6933 

Shorthouse's  novels  reflecting  the  spirit  which  produced  Tractarianism 

at  Oxford  and  the  poetry  of  Rossetti 34    13363 

W.  Clark  Russell's  novels  of  sea  life,  a   splendid  picture  of   England 

on  the    sea 32    12564 

Mrs.  Humphry  Ward's  notable  power  and  elevation  in  recent  develop- 
ment of  English  fiction,  38  15641-45;  working-class  English  life 
depicted  in  her  <  Bessie  Costrell  > 45        504 

W.    E.     Norris's   recent   novels,    notable    for   high   excellence   in   the 

manner  of  Thackeray 27    10685 

Stevenson's   strikingly  original  and  interesting  novels 35    13927 

Hall  Caine's  markedly  powerful  and  successful  novels 7        3067 

Conan  Doyle's  very  popular  historical  romances  and  detective  stories .  1 2     4815 

Barrie's  novels  of  Scotch  life  and  character 4        157 1 

Gilbert  Parker's  novels  of  modern  Canadian  life 28    11047 

Rudyard  Kipling's  notably  original  and  powerful  stories.  . 22      8633 

Margaret  L.  Woods's  painstaking  and  truthful  studies  of  human  char- 
acter and  life 39    16153-55 

A.  T.  Quiller-Couch's  representation  of  Cornish  life  in  tales,  sketches, 

and   novels 30    1 1947 

Roger  Bacon,  preeminently  the  founder  of  English  science  and  free- 
dom of  thought;  his  greatest  work  brought   out  A.  D.  1267.42    34;  45   475 

Extraordinary  scientific   distinction  of    Sir  Isaac  Newton 27    10619-20 

Notable  advances  in  English  science  made  by  Joseph  Priestley 43       441 

Notable  development  of  English  science  through  the  researches,  dis- 
coveries, and  expositions  of    Sir  Humphry  Davy 42        135 

Brilliant  succession  to  Davy  of  Michael  Faraday,  author  of  researches 

in  electricity  without  parallel  in  the  history  of  science 42        179 

Herschel's  preeminence  in    English   astronomy 42       262 

Sir  Charles  Lyell's  great  distinction  in  geological  science 43       355 

Charles  Darwin's  career  in  science,  a  grand  climax   in  the   long  line 

of  development  from  Roger  Bacon 1 1  4385-434 


CClXX  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Eminent  long  career   of   John    Tyndall   in   advanced    discovery,  and 

brilliant  exposition  of  scientific  facts  and  theories 37    15 141,  15142 

Sir  William  Thomson,  Lord  Kelvin,  author  of   researches   in   physics 

representing  the  latest  advances  of  modern  science 43        524 

Thomas  Huxley's  career  in  science,  equally  brilliant  in  masterly  re- 
search and  in  popular  critical  exposition 19    7805-34 

Distinction  of  Alfred  Russel  Wallace  as  next  to  Charles    Darwin  the 

English  exponent  of  Darwinism 38    15517-19 

E.  B.  Tylor's  important  researches  in  the  history  of  primitive  culture .  4  3       535 

Eminent  scholarship  in  science  of  Sir  John  Lubbock 23    9279-84 

The  story  of  nature  delightfully  told  in  Gilbert  White's  <  Natural  His- 
tory of  Selborne > 39    15867-69 

E.  R.  Lankester's  distinction  in  recent  English  science;  his  contribu- 
tions to   physiology  and   biology 43        326 

Scientific  study  of   English   agriculture   by  Arthur  Young,  39    16263; 

his  <  Annals  of  Agriculture,^  in  45  quarto  volumes 39    16263 

Thorold  Rogers  on  the  economic  and   industrial   history  of  England, 

44    131;  his  < History  of  Agriculture  and  Prices > 44        158 

The  powerfully  liberalizing  influence  of  Hobbes's  philosophy 18  7381-88 

Notable  originality,  philosophical  ability,  and  broad  liberalism  of  John 

Locke 23  9105-10 

Jeremy  Bentham's  notable  exposition  of  Utilitarianism  as  a  theory  of 

morals 4  1773-82 

Adam  Smith's  *  Wealth    of  Nations,  >    a  comprehensive  handbook  of 

freedom  of  trade  among  all  nations 34  13519-36 

John  Stuart  Mill's  eminence  in  moral  and  political  science 25  10007-26 

Half -century  career  of  Herbert  Spencer,  1848-98;  attempting  to  base 

a  system  of  philosophy  upon  positive  knowledge 35  13708-26 


FINLAND 

Finland,  a  country  rather  larger  than  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land, forms  the  northwest  corner  of  the  Russian  Empire,  where  in 
the  long  summer  days  sunset  and  sunrise  are  but  an  hour  or  two 
apart.  In  the  period  11 57-1 293  Sweden  made  the  country  subject 
and  established  Christian  civilization  with  liberal  laws.  Gustavus 
Vasa  introduced  Lutheranism  in  1528,  and  King  John  III.  created 
the  grand-duchy.  The  sequel  to  many  wars  between  Sweden  and 
Russia  was  the  cession  of  the  whole  grand-duchy  to  Russia  in 
1809,  on  the  basis  of  complete  Home  Rule,  with  the  Russian 
emperor  as  grand- duke.  Virtually  a  well-governed  republic,  enjoy- 
ing an  extreme  of  prosperity,  possessed  of  one  of  the  most  com- 
plete   and    effective     systems    of    education    in    Europe,    with    a 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cclxxi 

University  at  Helsingfors,  where  nearly  2,000  students  are  pur- 
suing academic  and  professional  studies,  and  with  a  population 
ardently  patriotic,  Finland  has  become,  through  its  connection 
with  Swedish  culture,  a  not  insignificant  factor  in  the  present 
representation  of  European  genius. 

The  gftand-duchy  of  Finland  torn  from  Sweden  in  1809 32    12495 

Kajaani's  <  History  of  Finland,  >  the  first  written  in  Finnish 43       295 

Andreas  Friis's  exhaustive  investigation  of  the  language  and  litera- 
ture of  the  Finns  and  Laps 43        203 

Baratynsky's  delineation  of  Finland  character  and  nature  in  <Eda,>  a 

poem  42         41 

The  Swedish  poet  Runeberg's  early  study  of  the  Finnish  peasantry, 
32  12495;  the  Finnish  and  Swedish  national  song,  32  12499;  his 
< Ensign  Stal's  Tales,>  a  famous  series  of  ballads  of  the  Swedish- 
Finnish  side  of  the  war  with  R,ussia 43       473 

Ahlquist,  Finnish  poet  and  philologist,  university  professor  at  Hel- 
singfors (1862-89)  translator  of  Schiller  into  Finnish 42  7 

Finnish  life  and  scenes  from  1631  to  about  iSoo  depicted  in  <The  Sur- 
geon's Stories,>  by  the  Finnish  poet  and  novelist  Topelius.  .43  529;  45   502 


FRANCE 

[AND  ITALY,  AND  GERMANY]. 

The  Franks  of  early  European  history,  bearing  a  name  which 
means  Freemen,  were  a  German  race  of  bold  and  independent 
spirit,  who  came  into  contact  with  the  Romans  by  settling  in  the 
lands  bordering  on  the  Rhine,  about  the  middle  of  the  third 
century.  They  came  into  relations  both  of  service  and  of  conflict 
with  the  Romans,  and  gradually  extended  their  possessions  beyond 
the  Rhine  into  Gaul,  where  they  became  a  people  strong  enough 
not  only  to  establish  a  kingdom  of  their  own,  but  to  hold  back 
other  barbarians  seeking  to  advance  from  the  wilderness  regions 
of  Central  Europe.  In  A.  D.  45 1  they  united  with  the  Romans 
in  repelling  the  invasion  of  Attila.  One  of  their  tribes  at  this 
time,  the  Salian,  had  a  king  named  Childeric,  and  at  his  death, 
in  481,  his  son  Chlodwig  (a  name  modernized  as  Clovis,  Ludwig, 
or  Louis)  began  a  reign  of  conquest  which  ended  in  the  union 
of  all  the  tribes  in  one  kingdom,  including  nearly  all  of  the  south 
of  France,  as  well  as  the  north.  This  king  married  a  princess  of 
Burgundy,  of  orthodox   Catholic   faith,   and   within    a   short   time 


Cclxxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

adopted  her  religion  as  his  own,  with  special  reference  to  close 
relations  with  the  bishop  of  Rome. 

Even  fifty  years  before  the  conquest  by  Csesar,  the  cities  and 
Celtic  people  of  the  southern  part  of  Gaul  had  so  completely 
adopted  the  manners  and  language  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans 
as  to  entirely  lose  their  original  character.  Roman  culture  was 
still  more  thoroughly  impressed  after  the  conquest,  and  by  the 
second  century  all  that  part  of  Gaul  had  become  celebrated  for 
its  Graeco-Roman  schools  and  the  excellence  of  its  literary  culture, 
to  which  Celtic  genius  lent  a  distinction  which  brought  pupils  in 
culture,  eloquence  especially,  from  even  distant  parts  of  the  em- 
pire. Laws,  religion,  civilization,  language,  and  literature,  were 
Roman;  and  before  the  end  of  the  fourth  century  Latin,  especially 
in  the  towns,  was  commonly  spoken,  with  this  difference,  that  the 
educated  class  used  a  purely  literary  Latin,  while  the  soldiers, 
peasants,  and  common  people,  used  a  rough,  ungrammatical,  de- 
generate Latin,  which  tended  to  prevail  over  the  other,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  extent  to  which  it  was  necessary  for  the  clergy 
to  use  it  in  addressing  congregations  of  the  people.  When  the 
Franks  had  extended  their  settlements  into  the  South,  and  became 
its  ruling  race,  there  was  a  distinction  between  the  Franks  of  the 
South  and  those  of  the  North,  in  consequence  of  the  fact  that 
the  Southern  Franks  used  the  Latin  of  the  common  people,  while 
the  Northern  continued  to  use  their  own  German  tongues  more 
or  less  modified  by  contact  with  Latin.  From  this  it  resulted 
that  representatives  of  culture,  such  as  the  clergy,  would  speak 
three  languages,  Latin,  Roman  or  vulgar  Latin,  and  German. 
As  the  first  of  these  came  to  be  less  and  less  used,  the  vulgar 
tongues  became  of  necessity  the  languages  of  such  culture  as  ex- 
isted. The  French  language,  as  finally  settled,  was  a  fusion  of 
the  two  distinct  languages  formed  in  the  two  parts  of  the  Frank- 
ish  regions  separated  by  the  river  Loire,  the  South  and  the 
North. 

The  death,  in  511,  of  Chlodwig,  who  had  united  the  Frankish 
lands,  was  followed  by  a  period  of  divisions,  until  the  first  Pippin, 
mayor  of  the  palace  to  a  nominal  king,  and  as  such,  ruler  of  the 
German  Franks  in  the  North,  became,  by  conquest,  ruler  in  the 
South  also.  In  the  last  years  of  this  Pippin,  and  the  first  of  his 
son,  Charles  Martel,  the  Arabs  had  come  from  Africa  into  Spain 
(A.  D.  711),  and  in  nine  years  had  not  only  overrun  nearly  all 
Spain,  but  had  crossed   the    Pyrenees   and   occupied   a  district  of 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxxiii 

Southern  Gaul.  Pippin's  son,  Charles  Martel,  defeated  the  Arabs 
in  a  great  battle  near  Poitiers,  in  732,  thus  preventing  any  ex- 
tension of  their  power.  He  also  promoted  very  effectively  the 
Christianization  of  his  dominions  and  close  attachment  to  Rome. 
His  son  Pippin,  who  ruled  from  741  to  768,  secured  the  Papal 
recognition  of  his  kingship  over  all  the  Franks,  and  in  return 
assisted  the  Pope  to  maintain  political  independence  of  the  king 
of  the  Lombards.  He  also  effected  the  expulsion  of  the  Arabs 
from  Prankish  territory,  and  further  secured  his  power  in  the 
south  of  France  by  putting  an  end  to  the  local  rule  under  him 
of  the  Duke  of  the  great  province  of  Aquitaine.  This  was  the 
first  permanent  extension  of  Frankish  rule  to  the  Pyrenees,  and 
when  Pippin  died,  in  768,  leaving  the  two  parts  of  his  kingdom 
to  his  two  sons,  the  death  of  one,  in  771,  gave  the  whole  inherit- 
ance to  the  other,  who  ruled  as  Charles  the  Great,  until  814.  In 
780  Charles,  with  the  aid  of  the  Pope,  and  to  promote  the  plans 
of  the  Pope,  added  the  kingdom  of  the  Lombards  to  his  own, 
destroying  what  in  due  course  would  have  been  an  Italian  nation. 
One  of  the  most  notable  facts  of  this  early  European  history  is 
the  way  in  which  these  Frankish  monarchs.  Pippin,  and  his  son 
Charles  the  Great,  effected  the  overthrow  of  the  Lombard  king- 
dom in  Italy,  for  the  benefit  of  the  secular  power  of  the  Popes, 
thereby  cutting  off  the  promise  of  an  Italian  nation,  and  raising 
in  its  place  a  papacy  of  temporal  power  destined  to  dominate 
from  Rome  for  a  thousand  years. 

In  798  a  revolt  in  Rome  against  the  Pope  brought  Charle- 
magne to  his  aid,  and  his  Holiness  in  return  crowned  the 
monarch  Roman  Emperor,  on  Christmas  day  A.  D.  800.  Charles 
solicited,  and  finally  in  812  secured,  recognition  of  his  dignity 
from  the  Eastern  emperor  at  Constantinople,  and  his  reign,  not 
only  of  energetic,  sometimes  savage,  conquest  of  German  tribes, 
the  Saxons  especially,  but  of  great  care  of  church  interests,  as 
Roman  and  papal  interests,  of  religious  interests,  to  secure  men's 
living  as  Christians,  of  educational  interests  through  schools  and 
literature,  and  of  political  order  through  organized  government, 
was  an  immensely  efficient  one. 

The  fact  that  Latin  was  for  centuries  the  language  of  the 
church,  of  education  and  learning,  and  of  such  books  as  were 
produced,  was  the  result  of  Charlemagne's  care  to  have  good 
Latin  read,  written,  and  spoken,  in  school  and  church,  instead  of 
the  corrupt  Latin  of  the  common  people.  The  classical  Latin  was 
18 


Cclxxiv  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Studied  with  great  zeal  in  his  schools,  and  that  of  the  church 
corrected,  while  the  common  spoken  Latin  was  left  as  a  vulgar 
dialect,  and  became  the  beginning  of  French  speech,  or  of 
Italian,  or  of  any  other  vulgar  departure  from  classical  Latin. 
The  French  language  thus  arose  from  the  Latin  in  large  part, 
from  the  German  Frankish  also  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  to 
but  a  small  extent  from  either  the  Celtic  or  the  Greek. 

France  to  the  south  of  its  great  dividing  river,  the  Loire,  was 
in  speech  and  culture  much  in  advance  of  France  to  the  north; 
and  in  Provence  especially,  the  district  bordering  upon  the  Medi- 
terranean, the  Romance-Provengal,  or  Province-Roman,  displaced 
the  Latin,  of  which  it  was  the  daughter,  as  early  as  the  tenth 
century;  and  in  the  eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries  the  Trouba- 
dour spirit  of  poetry  carried  literary  production  to  a  full  and  per- 
fect growth,  when  as  yet  no  other  scion  of  Latin  culture  had 
developed  a  cultivated  vernacular  literature.  As  Provence  lies 
east  of  the  Rhone  next  to  Savoy,  its  speech  was  a  connecting 
link  between  French  and  Italian. 

One  of  the  earliest  sequels  to  the  break  up  of  the  empire  of 
Charlemagne  under  his  son  Ludwig  (814-840),  and  his  grandsons, 
Lothar,  Ludwig,  Pippin,  and  Charles,  was  the  beginning  of  Ger- 
many under  Ludwig,  and  of  France  under  Charles,  in  the  year 
843,  while  Lothar,  with  Loth aringia  as  his  kingdom,  also  figured 
as  Emperor,  and  as  such  ruled  Italy.  The  oaths  taken  by  Lud- 
wig and  Charles,  for  an  alliance  against  Lothar  in  the  spring  of 
842,  are  preserved  in  the  two  languages  of  the  two  peoples,  and 
are  among  the  very  earliest  specimens  of  French  and  German. 

The  history  of  France  and  of  Germany  as  separate  nations  thus 
begins  with  843.  The  reign  of  Louis  VI.  (1108-37)  saw  the  first 
important  development  in  the  direction  of  a  powerful  France; 
that  of  Louis  IX.  (1235-70)  saw  France  become,  in  place  of  Ger- 
many, the  chief  power  of  Europe,  while  her  literary  supremacy 
had  become  even  more  distinct,  though  in  imaginative  writing 
chiefly.  It  was  not  until  the  sixteenth  century  that  French  prose 
broadly  occupied  the  great  fields  of  human  culture,  and  made 
French  literature  an  adequate  expression  of  the  genius  of  the 
French  race. 

Froissart's  story  of  the  English  invasion  of  France 44         85 

Barante's  <  Story  of  Joan  of  Arc  '> .42         41 

Forty  years'  devotion  of  Jules  Michelet  to  the  interpretation  of  French 

genius  in  history 25  9982-85 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CClxxV 

Martin's  <  History  of  France  to  the  Revolution  > 44  85 

Guizot's  history  of  France,  and  <  Memoirs  of  My  Own  Time  > 17  6774 

Canivet's  account  of  French  loss  of  India  and  of  Canada 42  92 

Rambaud's  < History  of  Civilization  in  France* 30  12042 

Barni's  <  History  of  Moral  and  Political  Ideas  in  the  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury > 42  43 

Flassan's  <  History  of  French  Diplomacy  to  1792  > 42  191 

Brilliantly  original  and  effective  method  of  historical  research  de- 
veloped by  Thierry  and  exemplified  in  historical  works  of  the  first 

importance 3  7  14803-04 

Important  contributions  to  historical  study  by  Sismondi 34  13472-74 

Kirk's  <  Charles  the  Bold  > 44  114 

Brant6me's  mirror  of  the  Valois  court  and  period 6  2322 

Very  rare  charm  and  interest  of  the  Letters  of  Madame  De  Sevign6, 

reflecting  life  in  Paris  in  1670-96 33  131 54 

Saint-Simon's  extensive  memoirs  affording  a  complete  revelation  of 
life   at    the    court    of    Louis    XIV.,    and    during   the   succeeding 

regency 32  12710 

Picture  in  Saint-Simon's  <  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  Louis  XIV  > 45  547 

Duclos's  <  Memoirs  of  the  Reigns  of  Louis  XIV.  and  XV  > 42  154 

Perkins's  <  France  under  Louis  XV  > 44  85 

Thiers's  <  History  of  the  French  Revolution  >  and  <  History  of  the  Con- 
sulate and  Empire  * 43  522 ;  4  4   162 

Carlyle's  <  French  Revolution,  >  44  86;  Stephens's  <  French  Revolution  >.  4  4  86 

Hazen's  <  American  Opinion  of  the  French  Revolution  > 44  162 

Taine's  <The  Ancient  Regime, >  44  87;  his  <  Journeys  through  France,* 

44  164 ;  his  <  French  Revolution  > 44  86 

<The  Marseillaise,*  40  16435;  De  Lisle's  <La  Marseillaise,*  composed 

at  Strasburg 43       469 

Dickens's  <  Tale  of  Two  Cities,*  a  vivid  picture  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tionary period 11      4626 

The  brothers  De  Goncourt  on  the  history  of  French  society 44        161 

Arthur  Young  on  < Aspects  of  France  before  the  Revolution* 39    16264 

Mirabeau  as  a  figure  in  French  history,  2  5    10077 ;  Von  Hoist's  study 

of  Mirabeau 19      7497 

Bourrienne's  < Memoirs  of  Napoleon,*  44  16;  Lanfrey's  ablest  and  most 
complete  criticism  upon  Napoleon,  45  479;  Sloane's  <Life  of  Na- 
poleon * 43  496;  44  261 

Judicial  and  philosophic  estimate  of  Napoleon's  career  by  J.  R.  Seeley, 

45  413;  Madame  de  Stael  on  Napoleon,  35  13837;  Thiers  on  Na- 
poleon's  policy   in   Egjrpt,  37    14841 ;   Napoleon's  address    to  his 

army  after  the  Aboukir  disaster 37  14844 

Doyle's   study  of  Napoleon  in  <The   Great   Shadow,*  44  260;    Zola's 

<  Glimpses  of  Napoleon  III.* 39  16292 

Coubertin's  France  under  the  Third  Republic 44  87 

The  twelfth  century  a  splendid  period  of  intellectual  life,  especially 

in  France 1 1  431 7,  4320 


CClxxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Rabelais  the  first  complete  tjrpe  of  French  genius  seen  later  in  Mo- 

liere,  Voltaire  and  Diderot,  Balzac  and  Hugo 30    12006 

French  intelligence   specially   recognized   in    La   Fontaine,   2  2     8786 ; 

his  irregular,  licentious  tales  congenial  to  the  French  spirit 22     8781 

Connection  of  both  Montaigne  and  Montesquieu  with  Bordeaux  .  26  10237,  10249 

Rousseau  the  greatest  French  writer  of  his  century,  the  most  influen- 
tial forerunner  of  new  developments 31    12438-39 

Unsurpassed   distinction  of  Voltaire  as  the  most  influential  author  in 

French  literature 38  15449-57 

Morley's  <  Diderot  and  the    Encyclopedists >    44         80 

Morley  on  the  ideas  the  French  Encyclopedic  stood  for 26    10336 

Lamartine's  career  in  contrast  with  that  of  Napoleon  III 22     8805 

Brilliantly  effective  career  of  Madame  De  Stael  as  a  mediator  between 

France  and  the  cultures  of  Germany  and  Italy 35   13823-26 

De  Tocqueville's  brilliant  success  in  discovering  the  essential  democ- 
racy of  progressive  political  society  and  in  comprehensive  study 
of  American  realization  of  democratic  ideals 37   14965-69 

Thiers's  career  of  great  distinction  as  a  journalist,  historian,  political 

orator,  statesman,  and  first  President  of  the  French  Republic. 37   14821-29 

Supreme  position  in  French  literature  attained  by  Renan,  as  bj'  Buf- 

fon  and  Montesquieu 31   12149-62 

Victor  Duruy's  eminence  as  a  teacher  of  history,  and  author  of  Greek 

and  Roman  histories 12  5069-74 

Debt  of  the  French  language  to  John  Calvin 8        3120 

Pierre  Ramus's  <Dialectic,>  the   first  work  of  the   kind  published  in 

French 43       451 

Importance  of  Pascal  in  fixing  the  language  as  spoken  by   Bossuet 

and  Racine 28    11143 

French  age  of  pulpit  eloquence,  Bossuet,  Bourdaloue,  and  Massillon, 

said  by  Voltaire  to  be  the  greatest  in  pulpit  oratory  of  all  time  .  2  5  9780 
Vigorous  succession  to  Joseph  de  Maistre  of  Louis  Veuillot  as  a  Ro- 
man Catholic  opponent  of  the  modern  spirit,  38   15330-31;  author 

also  of  simple  and  charming  novels 38    15331 

Extraordinary  explosion  of  liberal  religious  interest  in  the  career  of 

Lamennais 22     8847 

Lacordaire's   distinction  as  a   pulpit   orator  and  journalist  associated 

with  Lamennais ; .  . .    43       319 

High    ability,  great    learning,    and   remarkable   sincerity  of   Edmond 

Scherer,  in  new  departure  Christian  studies 32   12865-67 

Edgar   Quinet  as   an   initiator  of  social,  moral,  and  intellectual  new 

departure  in  France 30  1 1961-63 

De  Vogiie  the  precursor,  evangelist,  and  representative  in  literature 

of  a  Neo-Christian  reaction  from  Paganism  in  French  culture. 3 8  15439-41 
Eminent  position  as   an  historian,    and   at   the   head   of  educational 

affairs,  of  Alfred  Rambaud 30  12041-43 

E.  Rod's  *  Moral  Ideals  of  the  Present  Time, >  a  valuable  handbook  of 

recent  literary  developments 31    12337 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxxvii 

Provence  the  home  of  French  poetry 29    11428 

The  story  of  Provengal  literature 30  1 1871-77 

Recent  development  of  Provengal  poetry  in  the  South  of  France 25    loogS 

Mistral's  *■  Mireio  >  and  two  volumes  of  a  lexicon  of  ancient  and  modem 

Provengal 25    10098-100 ;  43  385 

Raynouard,  a  French  poet  and  philologist,  author  of  a  <  Dictionary  of 
the  Language  of  the  Troubadours  \  and  of  other  works  on  the  Pro- 
vencal language  and  literature 43       452 

Great  influence  on  French  poetry  of  the  sacred  poems  of  Adam  de 

Saint  Victor 32   12727 

Marie  de  France,  the  earliest  French  poetess;  spent  her  life  in  Eng- 
land, and  wrote  <Lays,>  belonging  to  the  finest  specimens  of  the 
Old-French  ballad 43       368 

Notable  significance,    about  the  middle   of  the   fifteenth   century,   of 

Frangois  Villon,  now  esteemed  the  «  Father  of  French  Poetry  ».  38  15392-99 

Initiation  by  Ronsard  and  Du  Bellay  of  remarkable  new  develop- 
ments of  French  language  and  poetry,  31  12374-77;  enormous 
service  to  French  speech  and  not  less  to  the  art  of  versification.  3 1   12377-78 

Lack  of  poetical  genius  in  the  eighteenth  century 22     8801 

B6ranger,  an  especially  notable  and  popular  author  of  songs 4  1783-800 

French  condonation  of  immorality  in  connection  with  wit  and  humor 

in  Beranger's  songs 4        1785 

Distinction  of  Alfred  de  Vigny  as  a  poet  of  Romanticism,  with  Vic- 
tor Hugo  and  Lamartine 38    15342 

Bohemian    excesses    in  life,  yet  fine    art  success   in   poetry,  of   Paul 

Verlaine 38  15313-15 

Characteristics  of   Lamartine,  Hugo,  and   Musset,  the  three  gfreatest 

French  poets  of  the  nineteenth  century 26    10487 

Influence  of  B6ranger  and  Victor  Hugo  towards  the    creation  of  the 

second  Napoleonic  Empire 4  1786-87 

Extraordinary    success    of    D6roulede's    <  Songs   of    the   Soldier  >  and 

<  Songs  of  the  Peasant  > 11      4580 

Sully-Prudhomme's  romantic  lyricism  the  best  of  recent  French  poetry 

after  Victor  Hugo  and  Leconte  de  Lisle 36    14209 

Gringoire,  the  creator  of  French  political  drama 42  235 

Moliere,  the  greatest  of  comic  dramatists,  typically  French,  with  Ra- 

belaife,  Montaigne,  and  Voltaire 26  10163 

Extraordinary  supremacy  of  Racine   in   French   drama  after  Moliere 

and  Corneille 30  12030 

Ducis's  very  successful  French  adaptations  of  Shakespeare 42  154 

Original  and  brilliant  new  development   of   French   dramatic  interest 

by  Scribe,  the  master  playwright  of  France  for  forty  years 33  13083 

Sarcey,  the  most  distinguished  of  French  dramatic  critics 32  12825 

Saint-Pierre,  author  of  <  Paul  and  Virginia, '  and  a  great  master  of  style .  3  2  12695-97 
Balzac,  the  greatest  of   French  novelists,  author  in  remarkable  books 

of  a  vast  review  of  human  nature,  life,  and   manners 3   1348-429 


Cclxxviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

^femile  Souvestre's   stories  and   sketches  reflecting  the  peculiarities  of 

Breton  life 35    13694 

Extraordinary  success  of  Eugene   Sue  as  the  first    French  writer  of 

sea  stories,  and  author  of  socialistic,  humanitarian  romances. 35  14181-83 
Brilliant  forty  years'  career  as  a  novelist  and  dramatist  of   Dumas, 

Senior 12   4957-5000 

Important,  period  made  familiar   by  novels  of   Dumas  and   historical 

writings  of   Dr.   H.  M.  Baird 3        1272 

M6rimee  as  a  master  of  French  fiction  following  the  realism  of  Henri 

Beyle 25  9941,    9942 

Extraordinary   wealth  and   literary  perfection  of  the  varied  work   of 

George  Sand 32    12759-71 

Rural  and  peasant  life  depicted  by  George   Sand  in    <Fadette>   and 

<The   Haunted   Pool> 44       185 

Victor  Hugo,  the  greatest  literary  figure  of  nineteenth-century  France.  19  7709 
Initiation  of  modern  French   realism  by  Flaubert   and   the   De   Gon- 

courts 16     6551 

Distinction  of  Theuriet  as  an  accurate  painter  of  the  common  folk  of 

France 3  7    i4795 

Maupassant's  place  in  French  fiction  nearer  to  Flaubert  than  to  Zola .  2  5  9804 
Immensely    successful   production    of   novels   of   extreme    realism    by 

fimile  Zola 39    16283-91 

Senancour's  <Obermann>  a  reflection  of  the  spirit  aroused  by  Rous- 
seau, Byron,  and  others 33   13111 ;  43  489 

Godefroy's  Dictionary  of  the  Old  French,  and  of  all  its  dialects 42       222 

Excessive  ambition  shown  by  Taine  in  the  application  of  extreme  criti- 
cal preconceptions   to   the   history  of  culture    in    France   and    in 

England 36    14399-408 

Pellissier's  history  of    literature  in   France  during  the   last  hundred 

years 4  5        378 

The  power  of    French  literature  in  its  prose-writers 2  858 

French  literature   compared  with  English  by  Matthew  Arnold 2  858 

Van  Laun's  < History  of  French  Literature > 44       216 

Sainte-Beuve  the  chief  literary  authority  of  France  in  the   nineteenth 

century 32    12659 

Preeminence  of  Brunetiere's  works  as  a  source  of  knowledge  of  French 

literature "6        2606 

Bourget's  study  of  contemporary  French  tendencies 5  2252-53 

Four   great    French    scientists.    Buff  on,    Lamarck,    Saint-Hilaire,    and 

Cuvier 10     4251 

Lagrange;  extraordinary  mathematical  genius;  author  of  ^Analjrtical 
Mechanics*;  pensioned  in  Paris  1787-1813,  after  twenty-one  years 
residence  in  Berlin  as  director  of  the  Berlin  Academy 43       321 

Investigation  of  French  agriculture  in  1787-90  by  Arthur  Young 39    16261 

Arago's  brilliant  activity  in  science,  author  of  masterly  scientific  bio- 
graphies      ...  2     704-22 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxxix 

Littr6's  eminence  as  a   philologist,   lexicographer,   philosophical  and 

historical  writer 43        345 

Conite's  notable  scheme  of  humanitarian  secularism  and  positive  sci- 
ence   10   3935-44 

Maspero's  eminence  as  a  French  Egyptologist,  author  of  great  works 

on  Egypt  and    Babylonia 43        372 


GERMANY 

When  the  empire  of  Charles  the  Great  broke  up  into  its  com- 
ponent parts,  as  it  did  in  887,  Amulf  obtained  a  German  king- 
dom embracing  the  four  divisions  of  Saxony,  Franconia,  Suabia, 
and  Bavaria.  In  919  the  federation  of  German  duchies  elected 
Henry  of  Saxony  king.  His  energetic  and  ambitious  son.  Otto, 
not  only  succeeded  him  (936-73),  but  secured  his  formal  recogni- 
tion and  coronation  as  the  German  monarch;  and  after  occupying 
the  throne  for  twenty-six  years  he  obtained  consecration  from 
the  Pope  as  Emperor  of  a  "  Holy  Roman  Empire  of  the  German 
Nation.*^  This  was  in  connection  with  Otto's  interference  with 
affairs  in  Italy,  where  he  remained  for  six  years,  asserting  su- 
premacy over  the  Pope,  as  well  as  making  himself  master  of 
Rome.  At  his  death,  in  973,  Otto,  deservedly  known  as  ^*  The 
Great,'*  had  made  Germany  the  leading  power  of  Europe,  with 
results  of  great  importance  for  the  history  of  German  civilization. 
He  had  secured  a  notable  revival  of  both  religion  and  learning, 
together  with  a  high  state  of  personal  morality  and  literary  activ- 
ity, at  court  and  among  the  people.  The  German  tongue  became 
a  literary  language  during  his  reigfn.  A  harmony  of  the  gospels 
was  composed  in  German,  virtually  a  German  life  of  Jesus  in  the 
form  of  a  great  epic  poem,  called  <  The  Heliand'  (The  Savior). 
But  the  attempt  to  rule  Germany  and  Italy  together  was  penna- 
nently  disastrous.  The  reign,  however,  of  Frederick  I.  (1152-90) 
promoted  German  prosperity,  national  consciousness,  and  a  nota- 
ble beginning  of  national  literature.  Frederick  II.,  whose  mother 
was  an  Italian,  and  who  preferred  to  live  in  Sicily,  because  it 
possessed  far  more  culture  than  Germany,  maintained  unsuccess- 
fully the  last  stage  of  a  protracted  struggle  between  the  Em- 
peror and  the  Pope,  the  end  of  which  was  the  overthrow  of  the 
Empire,  leaving  Germany  separated  from  Italy,  and  the  extinc- 
tion of  the   family  of  Frederick.     Both   Italy  and  Germany  were 


CClxxx  OUTLINE  SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

broken  up  into  small  powers.  German  history  after  that  for  600 
years  was  a  history  of  separate  independent  states  without  polit- 
ical unity.  The  papacy  became  a  great  political  power  in  Italy, 
and  the  great  Italian  cities  acquired  the  position  of  independent 
states.  It  was  from  the  reign  of  Frederick  II.  (1216-50)  that  a 
German  vernacular  literature  appeared,  in  the  Nibelungenlied 
epics,  in  the  Minnesingers  inspired  by  Provengal  song,  and  in 
romances  after  North-French  models. 

The  GermaTiia  of  Tacitus 44         93 

Anglo-Saxon  missionaries  under   St.  Boniface  carry  Christianity  and 

enlightenment  to  Germany 2  545 

Eginhard's  important  <  Life  of  Charlemagne  > 42        165 

Dahn's  very  important  contributions  to  German  history  and  ethnology .  i  o  4268 
Egelhaaf's    very    instructive   and    accurate   works   on   the    history   of 

Germany 42       165 

Walther  von  der  Vogelweide  the  greatest  lyric  poet  of  Germany  be- 
fore Goethe  and  the  first  supremely  great  lyric  poet  that  the 
nations  of  modern  Europe  produced,  38  15580-88;  his  great  con- 
temporaries Wolfram  von  Eschenbach,  Hartmann  von  Aue,  and 
Gottfried  von  Strassburg,  15580,  15586;  Eschenbach's  epics  among 

the  greatest  German  imaginative  works 42        172 

Hans  Sachs,  a  famous  Nuremberg  poet,  and  an  exceptionally  national 

figfure  in  the  age  of  Luther 32    12609 

Notable    early    exposition    of   spiritual    theology,   by    the    Dominican 

preacher  Tauler 43        516 

Importance  of  Reuchlin  as  a  humanist  and  liberal  scholar,  just  before 

the  Reformation 43  455 ;  4 4  243 

Influence  in  aid  of  the  Reformation  of   Brandt's  <Ship  of  Fools>....5  2311-18 
Luther's  epoch-making  work  through  extreme  protest  against  Cathol- 
icism, powerful  inspiration  of  German  feeling,  and  translation  of 

the  Bible  into  German 23    9319-47 

Important  literary  help  given  to  Luther   by  Von  Hutten,  42  2S0;  44 

243 ;  and  by  Melanchthon 43       377 

Extraordinary  destruction  and  degradation  produced  by  the  Thirty 

Years'  War 27    10629 

Fleming,  Opitz,  and  Gryphius,  faint  literary  lights  of  the  period  of  the 

Thirty  Years'  War 14      5844 

Carlyle's  <  Frederick  the  Great  > 44         82 

Remarkable  autobiographic  record  by  Wilhelmine,  sister  of  Frederick 

the  Great 39   1 5969-70 

The  *■  Germany  >  of  Madame  De  Stael 44         94 

The  poet  Arndt's  efforts  for  German  union  under  Prussia 2  813 ;  42  25 

Splendid  services  of  Arndt  to  German  Liberation 2  813-14 

Great  distinction  of  Ranke  as  the  originator  of  a  method  of  history 

based  on  thorough  truth  and  research 30   12074-76 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OP  INTEREST  cclxxxi 

The  historian  Niebuhr,  Stein's  most  trusted  assistant  in  Prussia,  am- 
bassador to  the  Pope,  and  professor  at  Bonn 27  10658 

J.   R.  Seeley's  study  of  Germany  in  the  age  of  Napoleon 45  412 

Droysen's  notable  <  History  of  Prussian  Politics  > 42  152 

Von  Sybel's  <  Founding  of  the  German  Empire  > 44  94 

Bismarck's  special  work  in  the  creation  of  the  German  Empire 5  1932 

<New  Germany,)  by  Andrew  D.  White 39  15853 

Ideals  of  the  German  mind 19      7519 

Relation  of  the  career  of  Luther  to  the  German  langfuage  and  litera- 
ture   23     9323 

E.  A.  Freeman  on  the  Rhine,  a  German  river 15      5981 

Epoch-making  character  of  the  thought  and  critical  work  of  Lessing .  2  3  9009 
European  position  of  Goethe  in  succession  to  Voltaire  and  Rousseau .  1 6  6385 
Remarkable  studies  of  German  antiquity,  language,  and  literature  by 

the  brothers  Grimm 17      6733 

Great  service  of  Madame  de  Stael,  in  making  German  culture  known 

in  France 35    1 3826 

The  Schlegels,  father  and  two  sons,  in  German  literature,  33  12913; 
Friedrich's  philosophical  exposition  of  the  Romanticism  inaugu- 
rated by  Herder  and  Goethe,  12913;  Wilhelm's  incomparable  Ger- 
man version  of  seventeen  of  Shakespeare's  plays 33    12913 

Distinction  of  Jean  Paul  Richter  as  a  thinker,  humorist,  and  poet... 31    12251 

Novalis  as  a  leader  in  German  Romanticism 27    10726 

<  Benefits  to  Germany  from  French  Invasions  >, 30    12046 

Bismarck,  statesman,  writer,  thinker,  and  economist 5   1929;  '42  60 

Hesekiel's  <  Prussian  Songs,  >  political  novels,  and  biography  of  Bismarck.  4  2  262 
Herman  Grimm  as  a  man  of  letters,  the  chief  living  representative  of 

German  culture 17     6723 

Richard  Wagner's  extraordinary  eminence  in  the  national  drama  and 

music  of  Germany 38   15499-504 

Ludwig  Borne,  conductor  of  Die  Wage,  and  a  passionate  opponent  of 

German  dynastic  policy 42         67 

The  great  German  comic  journal  Fliegende  Blatter 42         85 

The  Nibelungenlied,  the  greatest  of  German  epics,  27  10627;  38 
15582;    its    comparatively   late    discovery   and    appreciation,     27 

10630-31 ;   made  known  by  Bodmer 5        2130 

Notes  of  a  new  era  in  Klopstock's   <  Messias  > 22  8691 ;  4  3  308 

Career  of  Kleist  in  the  period  of    French   domination 22  8665 ;  4  3  307 

Inauguration  of  its  classic  age  in  literature  inspired  from  England..  .7  2767 
Supreme  place  of  Goethe  as  Germany's  greatest  poet,    thinker,    and 

profound  critic  of  life  and  knowledge  of  the  world 16  6385;  42  222 

Distinction  of  Schiller  in  both  powerful  dramas  and  finel  yrics.33  12880;  43  483 
Wilhelm  Miiller's  distinction  as  a  poet  voicing  German  syntpathy  with 

Greek  freedom 26  10443 ;  4  3  395 

Shakespeare  made  known  to  Germans  by  Wieland's  prose  •  translation 

of  twenty-two  plays  (1762-66) 39    15955;  43  574 


CClxxxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

August  Wilhelm  Schlegel's  translations  and  criticism  made  Shakes- 
peare a  German  classic 43       484 

Distinction  of  Ludwig  Tieck  as  the  father  of  the  older  romanticism  in 

Germany,  and  translator  with  Schlegel   of   Shakespeare 37    14943-45 

Shakespeare    translated  into   German  by    Bodenstedt,    Heyse,    Kurz, 

and    others  5        21 18 

Epoch-making  collection  of  German  folk  poetry,  <The  Boy's  Wonder- 

Horn,>  by  Brentano  and  Von  Arnim 6   2343 ;  42    25 

Count  Platen's  distinguished  place  as  a  poet  of  thought  and  perfec- 
tion of    verse 29    11513;  43    432 

Max  Schneckenburger's  <The  Watch  on  the  Rhine  > 40    16437;  43    484 

Eminence  as  a  scholar  in  literature  and  wealth  in  lyrical  master- 
pieces of  Uhland 37    15185-98 

Eminence  in  poetry,  patriotism,  and  Oriental  studies  of  Riickert,  3  r 
12457-59;  remarkable  enrichment  of  German  literature  by  his 
translations 31    12458;  43    471 

Von  Geibel's  important  translations  into  German  from  French,  Span- 
ish, and  Portuguese  poets 15      6248 

Freiligrath's  revolutionary  and  political  poems  15    6003 ;  4  2    201 

Eduard  Morike  the  last  great  poet  of  the  Suabian  gfroup,  and  great- 
est German  lyrist  after  Goethe 26    10318-20;  43  391 

Geibel  promotes  the  collection  of  a  vast  treasury  of  song  for  German 

readers,  from  the  literatures  of    France,  Spain,  and   Portugal ....  1 5      6248 

Wieland's  initiation  of  the  historical  culture-novel  and  psychological 
romance,  39  15954;  his  translation  in  1762-76  of  twenty-two  plays 
of  Shakespeare 39    15955 

Eichendorflf,  the  last  great  poet  of  the  Romantic  School,  13  5346;  his 
*  Life  of  a  Good-for-Nothing,  >  one  of  the  most  popular  tales  in 
German  literature 13      5346 

Fritz   Renter's   eminence   as   far    the  ablest  novelist  of   the   German 

realistic  school 31    12195-97 

Splendid  and  sustained  success  of  Von  Scheffel  in  romance  and  his- 
torical fiction 32   12837-39 

Intensely  national  character  of  the  novels  of  Theodor  Storm  delineat- 
ing North  German  life 35    14040 

Foremost  Swiss-German  poets  and  novelists  Keller  and  Meyer,  2  5  9965  ;  4  3  299,  380 

Freytag's  series  of  historical  novels  <The  Ancestors,*  presents  a  pic- 
ture of  German  historical  development 15  6014 ;  4  2  202 

Spielhagen's  novels   notably  represent   the   characters  and    scenes  of 

German  life  in  his  own  time 35   13772-75 ;  4  3   502 

Sudermann's  novels  and  dramas  brilliantly  representative  of  the  best 

recent  developments  in  German  literature 35   14163-66;  43  511 

Eminence  of  Leibnitz  as  a  philosophical  thinker,   and   a    scholar   in 

every  branch  of  knowledge 43       333 

Herder  the   father   of  modern   evolutionary  philosophy   through  the 

idea  of  organic  growth 18      7259 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cclxxxiii 

Eminence  of  Kant  as  the  only  modern  philosopher  who  can  be  put 
beside  Plato  and  Aristotle,  21  8477;  his  marvelous  humanity  of 
spirit,  8479;  his  thorough-going  criticism  of  dogmas,  8480;  three 
features    of   his   moral   attitude,    8482;  his   true   originality   as   a 

thinker 21     8484 

Very  great  distinction  of  Fichte  in  succession  to  Kant,  in  philosoph- 
ical exposition,  promotion  of  higher  education,  and  powerful  in- 
spiration of   German  national  feeling 14    5673-86 

Extraordinary  scientific  eminence  of  Alexander  von  Humboldt 19      7768 

Hegel's  masterly  studies  of  philosophy,  history,  religion,  and  art;  al- 
most unsurpassed  contributions  to  modern  thought 18    7161-84 

Schopenhauer's  distinction  as  a  great  master  of  German  prose  and  a 

philosopher  ranking  with  the  highest  German  and  Greek 33    12923-27 

Schopenhauer;  Grisebach's  editing  of,  very  important 42       235 

Negotiations  of  Bossuet  with  Leibnitz  for  the   return  of   Germany  to 

Catholicism 5        2213 

Ranke  on  <  The  Rise  of  the  Jesuits  in  Germany  > 30    12083 

Remarkably  intense  and  dogmatic  expression  of  destructive  negation 

in  Strauss's  criticism  of  historical  Christianity 35    14107-10 


GREECE 

Of  all  the  types  of  genius  represented  in  the  literatures  of 
the  world  two  are  of  an  unsurpassed  breadth  and  elevation,  domi- 
nating the  entire  history  of  human  development;  one  of  them, 
that  of  the  Athens  of  ^schylus,  Pericles,  and  Plato,  and  the 
other  that  of  the  England  —  the  Greater  England,  of  Shakespeare 
and  Cromwell  and  Washington.  What  Athens  was,  in  the  Attic 
period  from  ^schylus  to  Demosthenes,  not  only  stands  before 
and  above  all  the  great  literatures  of  the  modern  world,  but  it 
overlooks  with  commanding  light  the  marvelous  heights  which 
speculation  reached  in  India,  and  looks  far  down  upon  the  crude 
developments  of  Egypt  and  Babylonia.  When  Persia,  bearing 
the  torch  of  lofty  Zoroastrian  theism  and  ethics,  might  have  car- 
ried its  power  and  its  ideas  into  Europe,  and  perhaps  into  mod- 
ern history,  Athens  stood  in  the  way  at  Marathon  and  Salamis, 
and  herself  gave  to  mankind  a  better  and  a  clearer  compre- 
hension of  Deity  than  ever  came  to  any  Oriental  mind;  and  a 
judgment  of  justice  and  moral  truth  and  beauty,  incomparable 
for  the  blending  of  human  exposition  with  divine  revelation. 
Every  line  of  human  progress,  of  fundamental  significance  for  the 
welfare  of  mankind,  goes  back  to  a  Greek  initiation.     Epic,  lyric. 


cclxxxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

and  dramatic  poetry;  history  and  philosophy;  law,  divinity,  and 
medicine;  art  of  a  power  and  beauty  never  equaled;  and  elo- 
quence from  which  the  speech  of  every  age  has  taken  example, 
are  authentic  and  immortal  in  their  Greek  examples  as  hardly  any- 
where else  in  history.  It  was  a  Greek  world  into  which  Christ 
was  born,  and  neglect  of,  or  attention  to,  Greek  ideals,  has 
marked  the  failure  or  the  success  of  mankind  to  comprehend  and 
to  give  effect  to  essential  Christian  truth.  Among  studies  which 
will  last  for  delight  and  profit  as  long  as  letters  last,  that  of 
Greek  story  and  thought  and  character  has  a  foremost  place, 
from  which  it  can  never  be  removed. 

Manatt  and  Tsountas  on  the  Mycenaean  Age  of  Greece 44        189 

Schliemann's  discovery  of  the  site  of  Homer's  Ilium 45       465 

Perrot  and  Chipiez  on  Primitive  Greek  Art 44        123 

Jebb's  ^ Classical  Greek  Poetry  > 44        189 

Greek  poetry  antiquity's  richest  legacy  to  us 37    15161 

The  Homeric  poems  the  fountain-head  of  European  literature 19  7551-53 

Hesiod's  <Theogony>  the  first  connected  attempt  at  tracing  the  origin 

of  the  Greek  gods 18      7327 

Hesiod's  < Works  and  Days,*  a  Greek  farmer's  hand-book 18      7326 

Herman   Grimm's   two  volumes  on   Homer's   Iliad,  a  masterpiece  of 

critical  study 17     6725 

Quintilian's  critical  estimate  of  Homer 30    11997 

Sappho,  known  only  by  extant  fragments  of  her  work,  accounted  a 

poet  next  to  Homer 32   12817-23 

Pindar,  the  greatest  of  Greek  lyric  poets 29    1 1487 

Unsurpassed  excellence  of  the  elegies  of   Simonides,  compared  with 

Pindar  and  .<Eschylus 34    13466 

Didactic,  ethical,  and  social  poems  of  Theognis,  500  years  B.  C .  . .  3  7  14789-90 
.(Eschylus,    accounted    from    his    unsurpassed    power   in    tragedy   the 

greatest  of  the  Greek  dramatists i   183-192 1426 

The   story  and   dramas  of   Sophocles   in   the  greatest  age  of  Greece 

and  at  the  summit  of  Greek  culture 34  13647-76 

Euripides,  the  most  important  in  human  and  modern  interest  of  the 

great  Greek  dramatists 14  5569-76;  29  11398;  4a  174 

Pheidias,  the   Greek   Shakespeare,  or  greatest  creator  of  ideals  and 

creative  thinker  of  the  Greek  race 45       466 

Waldstein's  < Essays  on  the  Art  of  Pheidias* 45       466 

Aristophanes   the  greatest   Greek   master  of  comedy,  unsurpassed  in 

literature  as  a  master  of  dramatic  effects 2  759-68 ;  42  24 

Large  development  of  realistic  and  social  Greek  comedy  after  Aris- 
tophanes, 29   1 1 398;   examples  of  fragfments  which  remain  from 

lost  Greek  comedies 29  11399-408 

Theocritus    in   his    idyls, —  pastoral,    epic,    dramatic,    and   lyric, — the 

latest  representative  of  Greek  poetry  of  high  quality 37   14769-73 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OP   INTEREST  cclxxxv 

Greek   poetry  through  a  course  of  fifteen  centuries,    i  6  6637 ;   univer- 

saUty  of  Greek  letters  about  the  time  of  Christ 16  6638 

Bergk's  *■  Greek  Lyric  Poets  >  and  <  History  of  Greek  Literature  > 42  56 

Symond's  <  Studies  in  the  Greek  Poets  > 45  497 

Salverte's  <  The  Novel  in  Ancient  Greece  > i  277 

Prototypes  of  the  modern  novel  in  Alciphron's  fictitious  Letters,  about 

150  A.  D. ;  and  in  a  romance  by  Heliodorus,  about  350  A.  D.  i  8  7221 ;  42  258 
Longus,  notable  Greek  romancer,  author   of  <Daphnis  and   Chloe,>  a 

precursor  of  the  modern  novelist 43  349 

Lucian  of  Samosata,  the  last  of  the  Hellenes 23  9290 

Barthelemy's  fascinating  picture  of  domestic  and  social  life  in  ancient 

Greece 42  45 

Poems  of  Byron  on     Greece,    7  2945-53;  and  <A  Grecian  Sunset >.    .7  2965 

Snider's  travels  in  Greek  lands,  and  study  of  Greek  ideals 34  13601 

Shakespeare's    dramas   known   in  Greece    through     Bikelas's   metrical 

translations 42  59 

Zalokostas,  a  distinguished  recent  Greek  poet  and  patriot,  whose  songs 

the  Greek  children  learn 43  593 

Solon,  the  great  early  statesman  of  Athens,  and  notable  among  all 

creators  of  constitutions 3  4  13642-44 

Littre's  translation   of  the  works  of    Hippocrates,  the  earliest  Greek 

scientific  physician 43       345 

Limburg-Brouwer's  Dutch  History  of  the  Moral  and  Religious  Civili- 
zation of  the  Greeks 43       343 

Gladstone's  <Homeric  Studies > 44        115 

Zeller's  <  History  of  Greek  Philosophy^ 44       116 

Heraclitus  and  Parmenides  the  greatest  of  the  pre-Socratic  thinkers. 2 8    11 114 
Great   influence   of  the  thought  of   Heraclitus,  earlier  than  Socrates, 

I  8  7247 ;  fragments  of  his  teaching 18  7248-51 

Extraordinary  rank  of  Plato  in  the  literature  of  the  world  —  the  final 

outcome  of  Greek  culture,  29   11519;  Cousin's  edition  of  Plato.  .10     4080 
The  incomparable  method   of  teaching,  inspiration    to   thought,   and 
revelation  of  moral  truths  which  made  Socrates  the  most  remark- 
able figure  of  Greek  history  and  of  all  ancient  culture 34  13630 

Barthelemy-Saint-Hilaire's  <  Commentary  on  Aristotle  > 42         45 

Epicurus,  author    of  a  philosophy   designed  to    make    high    virtuous 

pleasure  the  supreme  good  of  life 42       171 

Pericles's   <  Memorial   Oration  > 37  14920-26 

Demosthenes  as  orator  and  statesman 11     4535 

Extreme  interest  of  <  Lives  and  Sayings  of  the  Philosophers,  >  by  Di- 
ogenes  Laertius   12     471 1 

Famous  exposition  of  Stoic  ethical  thought  by  Epictetus 42   171;   14  5497 

Later  expositions  of  philosophy  by  Plotinus,  43  432;  lamblichus,  42 

282 ;   and  Proclus 43        441 

Roger   Bacon's  estimate  of  Greek  culture   as  not  less  important   for 

study  than  Hebrew 45       475 


Cclxxxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Hegel  characterized    by  Greek   methods  of  thinking,  and  the   Greek 

view  of  the  world,   1 8  7161 ;  his  <The  Greek  World  > 18  7174-76 

Dependence  of  Matthew  Arnold  upon  the  Greek  spirit  2    849-50 

Herodotus,  Thucydides,  and  Polybius,  the  three  chief  Greek  historians .  3  o    11 701 
Preeminence  of  Thucydides,  as  the  earliest  critical  historian  and  the 

most  notable  narrator  of  Greek  story 37   14909-16 

Xenophon's  exceptional  success  in  history  and  story. 39  16243-48 

Plutarch's  lives  of  celebrated  Greek  and  Roman  characters,  twenty- 
three  of  each,  a  chief  source  of  our  knowledge  of  classical  heroes. 29    11601 
Pausanias's  Guide  to  Ancient  Greece  in  the  great  age  of  the  Anton- 

ines  (140-180  A.  D.) 28    11211 

Rydberg's  study  of  Athens  in  the  fourth  century 45       452 

George    Grote's    exceptionally    adequate,    epoch-making    <  History    of 
Greece,  >  written  from  a  democratic  standpoint,  42  236;    17  6747; 

his  studies  of  Plato  and  Aristotle 17     6746 

Exceptional  value   of  Finlay's  great  work  on   Greek   history   during 

more  than  two  thousand  years 42  189 ;  4  5  409 

Felton's  comprehensive  study  of  Ancient  Greece 45        512 

Louis  Dyer's  studies  of  the  chief  Greek  deities 45        512 

Walter  Pater's  studies  of  Greek  thought  and  art 45       448 

Becker's  picture  of  scenes  of  Greek  life 44       102 

Mahaffy's  study  of  Greek  social  life,  45   508;  his  study  of  Greek  edu- 
cation   44       331 


HOLLAND 

Holland,  the  official  designation  of  which  is,  *  The  Nether- 
lands,* is  a  small  but  densely  populated  country,  very  rich  in 
natural  resources,  notable  for  the  energy  of  its  people,  of  great 
importance  for  its  sea  power  and  its  marts,  in  the  history  of 
commerce,  and  illustrious  among  nationalities  for  the  intelligence 
and  courage  with  which  it  asserted  commonwealth  independence 
through  an  eighty-years'  war  ■  with  Spain.  Dutch  culture  of 
special  interest  takes  its  rise  in  the  fifteenth  century,  with  clubs 
or  societies  devoted  to  study  and  theatrical  entertainment,  and 
later  devoted  to  agitation  for  political  freedom. 

In  the  most  interesting  period  of  Dutch  development,  that  of 
the  first  years  of  the  seventeenth  century,  when  the  Dutch  had 
made  themselves  masters  of  the  sea  and  had  hopefully  founded 
a  Dutch  empire  in  India,  there  may  be  noted  two  facts  of  special 
though  contrasted  interest,  first,  the  residence,  in  the  Dutch  uni- 
versity city  of  Leyden,  of  the  company  of  English  exiles,  extreme 
not  only  Independents,  but  Liberals  in  religion,   who  became  the 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxxxvii 

"  Pilgrim  Fathers  *^  of  the  Mayflower  and  made  the  most  notable 
planting  of  commonwealth  and  church  in  America;  and  second, 
the  terrible  outbreak  of  religious  and  political  antagonism  in  Cal- 
vinistic  persecution  of  the  Armenian  Liberals  in  religion,  and  in 
the  judicial  murder  in  1618  of  Barneveld,  the  Dutch  Washington. 
A  notable  glory  of  Holland  is  the  perfection  which  printing 
attained  there  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  the  development  of 
the  liberty  of  the  press,  which  resulted  not  only  in  Dutch  news- 
papers, but  in  foreign  journals,  mostly  in  French,  which  carried 
prohibited  news  all  over  the  world.  It  should  be  noted  that 
Dutch  speech  and  literature  in  Holland  and  in  Belgium  are 
practically  the  same,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  Belgium  was  sepa- 
rated from  Holland  in  1830  and  has  been  under  influences 
strongly   French. 

Dutch   freedom    and   culture,  the    story   of,  in   Motley's   great  works, 

from  the  rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic  to  1609 45  421,  490 

Motley's  <  Life  of  John  of  Barneveld  * 45        338 

Distinction  of  Vondel  as  Holland's  greatest  poet  in  the  most  brilliant 

period  of  Dutch  renaissance 38    15491 

Philipp  van  Marnix,  Dutch  author  of  a  keen  satire  on  the  Church  of 

Rome .43        369 

Hooft,  father  of  Dutch  poetry,  and  author  of  the  great  classic  *  His- 
tory of  the  Netherlands  > 19      7610 

Johannes  Cornells  de  Jonge's  <  History  of  the  Dutch  Navy,>  and  other 

Dutch  studies 42        292 

Johan  Karel  Jacob  de  Jonge's  <  The  Rise  of  Netherland  Dominion  in 

the  East  Indies  > 42        292 

Francq  van  Berkhey,  a  Dutch  poet  and  naturalist,  author  of  *  Flora 

and  Fauna  of  Holland  * 42        200 

Nikolaas  Godfried  van  Kampen's  <  History  of  the  Literature  of  the 
Netherlands, >  and  <  History  of  the   Influence  of  the  Netherlands 

Outside  of  Europe  > 43       296 

Jonckbloet's  historical  masterpieces  on  Dutch  literature,  and  standard 

editions  of  Dutch  classics 42       292 

Bilderdijk,  a  representative  of  the  new  Holland  created  by  subjec- 
tion to  French  empire,  4  1884;  the  rhymed  narrative  romance  his 
favorite  form,  1884;  his  greatness  lay   in  rhetorical   power,   1886; 

<Ode  to  Napoleon  >  the  best  example  of  his  genius 4        1887 

Interesting  picture  of  Holland  in  Esquiros's  *The  Dutch  at  Home>.  .14     5557 

Montegut's  <The  Netherlands;  Impressions  of  Travel  and  Art> 43       388 

Dutch  homely  village  life  depicted  in  Renter's  <In  the  Year  13* 44         96 

Snieders's  Dutch  novels,  mostly  tales  of  village  life 43       499 

The  work  of  De  Amicis  on  Holland i  454,  462,  471 

The  novels,  written  in  English,  of  the  Dutch  author  Maarten  Maar- 

tens,   23  9359 ;  his  story  of  life  in  Holland 45       470 


CClxxxviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 


HUNGARY 

Hungary  as  a  kingdom  includes  Hungary  proper,  Croatia-Sla- 
vonia,  and  Transylvania,  under  a  political  constitution  dating  from 
June  8,  1867,  by  which  the  Austrian  Emperor  is  King  of  Hun- 
gary. The  kingdom  itself  dates  from  about  891  A.  D.  It  secured 
a  constitution  in  1222.  The  Hungarians  of  more  than  a  thousand 
years  ago  brought  into  their  present  land  the  remarkably  devel- 
oped speech,  which  is  still  in  use ;  a  speech  rich  in  original  char- 
acteristics, and  in  some  respects  strikingly  different  from  any  other 
European  speech.  But  from  the  eleventh  century,  when  Italian 
and  German  priests  introduced  Christianity,  Latin  was  made,  not 
only  the  official  language,  but  the  speech  of  the  educated  classes, 
and  it  was  not  until  182,5  that  the  Hungarian  vernacular  entirely 
displaced  Latin  as  the  language  of  education,  of  culture,  and  of 
law.  Within  recent  times  Hungarian  genius  has  been  adequately 
shown  in  poets,  dramatists,  orators,  and  novelists,  of  European 
distinction.  Hungary  is  richly  supplied  with  translations  of  all 
the  masterpieces  of  literature  of  all  ages  and  lands.  It  has  three 
versions  of  the  Bible,  and  Shakespeare  in  Hungarian  by  the  hands 
of  its  greatest  poets. 

Zrinyi,    Hungary's  first  great  epic  poet  1616-64 43        599 

Feszler's  great  <  History  of  Hungary  > 42        185 

Vambery,    a    noted    Hungarian    traveler,   Orientalist,    and    historian; 

author  of  < Origin  of   the  Magyars  > 4  3       54i 

Andreas  Horvdth,  creator  of  the  classic  epic  in  Hungarian  litera- 
ture  42       274 

Dobrentey's    introduction   to    the    Hungarian    stage   of    the   plays   of 

Shakespeare  and   Schiller  42        147 

Sandor  (Alexander)  Kisfaludy,  the  first  great  poet  of  modern  Hun- 
gary, a  poet  of  the  aristocracy,   1 772-1844 43        307 

Csokonay,    a    Hungarian    national .  lyrist,    notable    as   a  poet  of   the 

people,  1773-1805 42        126 

Karoly  (Charles)  Kisfaludy,  a  famous  lyric  poet,  humorous  novelist, 
and  dramatist,  father  of  modern  Hungarian  drama  ;  his  tragedy 
<  Irene  ^  scarcely  equaled  in  Hungarian  literature,  1788- 1830 43       306 

Kolcsey,  a  poet  of  Hungary,  one  of  the  noblest  of  Hungarians,  and 

author  of  a  famous  national  hymn 43       3ii 

Vorosmarty,  a  Hungarian  patriot,  poet,  journalist,  and  scientist 43       552 

Three    greatest   poets  of   Hungary,    Petofi,  Vorosmarty,   and   Arany. 

29  11349;  42  22;  43  426,   552 

Petofi's  supreme  position  as  poet  and  popular  hero  in  Hungary 29    11347 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cclxxxix 

Maddch  the  most  popular  dramatic,  and  Petofi  the  most  popular  lyric, 

poet 24     9515 

Katona,    a  dramatist,    author  of    <Bank-Bdn,>    the   grandest   tragedy 

Hungary  has  produced 43       298 

Csiky,  a  Hungarian  dramatist  of  distinction  after  Maddch  and  Ka- 
tona ;  author  of  comedies  and  tragedies,  and  of  translations 
from  Greek,  Latin,  French,  and  English   dramatists 42        126 

Szigligeti,  a  Hungarian  dramatist,  author  of  many  exceedingly  suc- 
cessful plays 43        5i3 

Bajza,  among  the  best  Hungarian  lyric  poets 42         37 

Tompa,  a  Hungarian  author  of  allegorical  poems,  one  of  the  national 

recreators  of  Hungarian  poetry 43       529 

Kiss,  a  celebrated  Hungarian  poet;  his  <Song  of  the  Sewing  Ma- 
chine >  a  glorification  of  work  and  a  noble  eulogy  on  woman ....  4  3       307 

Andreas  Fay,  one  of  the  great  masters  of   Hungarian  prose 42        181 

Baron  Jdsika,  founder  of  the  Hungarian  novel;  his  sketches  and 
novels  portraying  the  life,  manners,  legends,  and  antiquities  of 
his  countrymen 42       293 

Beothy's  <  History  of  Hungarian  Literature  > 42         55 

Intense  vitality  and  originality  of  Hungarian  literature 21      8331 

Exceptional  influence  upon  European  culture  of  the  Hungarian 
Eotvos ;  his  <  The  Village  Notary  >  a  masterpiece  of  Hungarian 
social  pictures 14      5485 

J6kai,  Hungary's  most  conspicuous  prose-writer,  and  Petofi  its  most 
prominent  poet,  2  i  8332  ;  Jokai  as  consummate  a  parliamentary 
speaker  as  he  is  an  incomparable  writer  21  8333 ;  4  2  291 

Story  of  Hungarian  industrial  life,  by  Jokai,  44  168  ;  vivid  descrip- 
tion of  Hungarian  life  and  customs  by  Sacher-Masoch 45        468 

P41  Gyulaia,  poet  and  critic  at   Buda-Pesth,  and  editor  of  the  Buda- 

Pesth   Szemle 42       241 

Kornel  Abranyi,  an  important  political  figure  in   Hungary 42  3 

Borzsem  Jank6  (John  Peppercorn)  the  best  Hungarian  comic  paper  .42  6 


ICELAND 

Iceland,  a  dependency  of  Denmark,  and  distant  from  it  in 
the  North  Atlantic  about  600  miles,  is  a  country  a  third  larger 
than  Scotland,  with  a  culture  not  only  distinct,  but  very  rich  in 
interest.  Its  language  is  that  which  was  spoken,  down  to  the 
thirteenth  century,  in  Norway,  Sweden,  Denmark,  and  on  the 
coasts  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland.  It  was  a  sister  language 
to  Anglo-Saxon  and  old  German.  The  present  Danish  and  Swedish 
sprang  from  it,  the  same  as  Italian  and  Spanish  from  Latin. 
Literary  activity  began  to  make  Iceland  famous  early  in  the 
19 


Ccxc  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

twelfth  century,  not  only  through  the  sagas  or  tales,  many  of  them 
of  historical  value,  and  the  poetry,  but  through  works  in  other 
fields,  including  many  important  translations.  The  code  of  laws 
which  Iceland  as  a  republic  put  on  record  in  A.  D.  1118  strik- 
ingly exemplifies  advanced  intelligence  in  commonwealth  matters. 
The  Icelandic  version  of  the  Old  Testament  is  the  oldest  transla- 
tion of  the  Bible  in  any  living  language. 

Norwegians  colonized  Iceland  in  the  latter  part  of  the  ninth 
century,  and  had,  by  the  middle  of  the  next  century,  populated 
the  whole  island  and  created  an  aristocratic  republic.  It  was  in 
1262-64  that  the  Icelanders  admitted  dependence  on  Norway.  In 
1388,  when  Norway  was  united  with  Denmark,  Iceland  was  in- 
cluded, and  the  connection  with  Denmark  has  continued  until  the 
present  time.  As  a  dependency  Iceland  has  Home  Rule  under  the 
King  of  Denmark.  Christianity  was  received  by  the  Icelanders 
in  the  year  1000.  In  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries  no 
nation  in  Europe  equaled  Iceland  in  the  production  of  vernac- 
ular literature,  and  to  this  day  literary  interest  and  attention  to 
culture  are  notably  characteristic  of  the  entire  people. 

General  view  of  Icelandic  literature 20  7865-95 

Icelandic  the  oldest  spoken  language  in  Europe,  20  7865;  Iceland's 
early  growth  that  of  a  republic  of  liberty  in  the  Far  West,  7865, 
7866 ;  Icelandic  dreams  of  a  trans- Atlantic  new  land,  7867 ;  the 
^Nial's  Saga,*  its  foremost  chronicle,  7867;  origin  of  saga -telling, 
7870;  Iceland's  great  literary  period  before  the  twelfth  century, 
7872;  its  Commonwealth  period  A.  D.  870-1280,  7873;  story  of  pre- 
Columbian  discoveries  by  the  Northmen,  7874;  Icelandic  race 
characteristics,  7875;  Ssemund  Sigfusson  (1056-1133),  an  Icelandic 
priest  celebrated  for  great  learning,  and  the  first  of  known  Ice- 
landic writers,  13  5 117;  43  475;  Snorri  Sturluson  (11 79-1241),  the 
most  remarkable  man  in  the  history  of  Iceland,  author  of  <The 
Younger   Edda>  and  the    ^  Heimskringla  >  or  Sagas  of  the  Norse 

kings 13   5113-15 ;   44  64 

Snorri's  <Edda,>  a  Norse  compendium  of  mythology  and  poetics, 
13  51 15;  the  <  Elder  Edda,>  a  collection  of  old  Norse  poems  of  the 
period  850-1200,  presenting  a  complete  picture  of  the  old  Norse 
heathen  religion,  5116-19.  The  chief  of  these  poems  are  the 
<Voluspd,>  a  Sibyl's  prophecy,  and  the  ^Hdvamdl,>  ethical  poems 
of  revelation  of  the  will  of  Odin  the  All-Father,  5120  ;  other  con- 
tents of  the  <  Elder  Edda,^  the  Helgi  and  Volsung  heroic  poems, 
combining  the  ancient  Norse  and  Germanic  stoiy 13      5121 

Books  for  Icelandic  study 20     7895 

Ari  Thorgilsson,  the  father  of  Icelandic  literature  (1067-1148) 42         24 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OP   INTEREST  ccxci 

Jon   Araason's   great   collection   of    Icelandic    Popular    Legends    and 

Tales 2  802 ;  42  25 

Egilsson's  Icelandic  historical  works,  and  Lexicon  of  Icelandic  poetry.  .42  165 

Icelandic  story  of  Harold  Fairhair's  court 20     7881 

Baring-Gould's  <  Iceland :  Its  Scenes  and  Sagas  > 42  42 

Nature  and  life  in  Iceland,  admirably  described  by  Karl  Andersen.. 4 2  18 

Pierre  Loti's  <An  Iceland  Fisherman  > 23  9204 


INDIA 

The  extent  of  the  story  of  India,  as  a  land  not  only  of  prim- 
itive culture,  but  of  developments  of  culture  in  some  respects 
never  surpassed,  cannot  be  at  all  adequately  told  in  a  brief  out- 
line. In  one  respect  it  has  no  parallel  in  the  whole  history  o£ 
human  effort  to  acquire  knowledge,  to  develop  thought,  and  to 
perfect  the  conduct  of  life.  Its  astonishing  achievements,  esti- 
mated as  wisdom,  as  principle,  as  faith,  as  science,  may  not  com- 
pare with  those  which  are  the  much  later  glory  of  the  nations  of 
Europe;  but  none  the  less  they  stand  alone,  incomprehensible 
almost  to  our  experience,  in  that  they  were  executed  on  an  im- 
mense scale  for  many  ages,  to  the  production  of  stage  on  stage 
of  an  enormous  literature,  without  the  use  of  writing,  without 
any  indication  of  knowledge  of  an  alphabet  even,  but  solely 
through  what  seem  to  us  limitless  powers  of  memory.  A  long 
series  of  poets  produced  simple  hymns,  which  became  the  foun- 
dation of  the  Vedas  as  Scriptures  of  faith  and  worship.  The 
first  Veda,  a  large  collection  of  such  hymns,  was  made  over  into 
a  second  and  third,  which  were  service  books,  one  for  a  peculiar 
sacrament,  and  the  other  for  ordinary  sacrifices.  A  fourth  and 
last  Veda,  was  another  literary  collection,  embodying  poetry  and 
prose,  thought  and  song,  of  later  date.  But  these  four  Vedas 
were  only  a  beginning.  There  were  produced  elaborate  com- 
mentaries on  them,  called  Brahmanas,  some  thirteen  in  number, 
and  one  of  them  large  enough  to  fill  five  large  volumes  in  Eng- 
lish translation.  Then  there  followed,  to  the  number  of  150  or 
200,  philosophical  treatises,  called  Upanishads,  works  of  profound 
thought,  which  the  latest  of  great  German  philosophers,  Schopen- 
hauer, pronounced  a  study  more  beneficial  and  elevating  than  any 
other  known  to  him.  These  three  stages  of  literature  were  all 
regarded    as   Veda    or    Knowledge,    and    conceived    of   as    Sruti, 


CCXCii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

^^  heard,  ^^ — spoken  by  a  divine  voice.  Not  only  was  this  great 
mass  of  literature  produced  without  writing,  and  carried  from 
generation  to  generation  by  exercise  of  memory  only,  but  it  was 
forbidden  to  write  it.  And  when  we  go  on  to  a  second  class  of 
productions  we  find  an  immense  additional  mass  of  literature 
created  and  handed  down  on  the  same  method  of  dependence  on 
memory  only,  without  any  use  of  writing.  More  than  a  thou- 
sand years,  perhaps  nearer  two  thousand,  from  the  first  making 
of  the  hymns  of  the  Veda,  had  passed,  when  Panini,  the  greatest 
of  Sanskrit  grammarians,  produced,  in  the  fourth  century  B.  C, 
a  Sanskrit  Grammar,  extending  to  3996  sections,  in  which  no  in- 
dication is  given  of  the  use  of  writing,  or  even  of  the  existence 
of  an  alphabet. 

A  large  section  of  the  later  literature  of  India  is  that  of  the 
works  devoted  to  the  history  and  exposition  of  law  through  a 
period  of  some  centuries.  But  especially  notable  as  a  product  of 
India  in  its  later  period,  is  the  person,  the  career,  the  teaching, 
and  the  literature  connected  with  the  name  of  Buddha.  Not 
only  was  Buddhism  a  second  great  religion  of  India,  contrasting 
in  most  remarkable  respects  with  that  based  on  the  Vedas,  but 
the  character  of  Buddha,  his  long  life  of  missionary  exertion, 
and  the  immense  spread  of  his  system  in  history,  constitute  a 
story  of  culture  of  most  extraordinary  interest.  Although  a  be- 
ginning only  has  been  made  of  presenting  the  Buddhist  section 
of  the  literature  of  India  to  modern  readers,  the  Sacred  Books  of 
the  World,  published  under  the  editorship  of  Prof.  Max  Miiller, 
include  eight  important  Buddhist  works  in  twelve  volumes. 

India  in  its  general  history  has  a  story  of  most  pathetic  inter- 
est, not  only  from  the  characteristics  of  a  race  intensely  sensitive 
to  impression,  and  easily  subjected  under  systems  of  priestcraft 
and  superstition,  but  from  the  extent  to  which,  through  hundreds 
of  years,  the  worst  cruelties  of  either  intestine  war  or  savage  in- 
vasion made  the  story  of  the  people,  numbering  hundreds  of 
millions,  one  of  frightful  suffering. 

The  immense  Vedic  literature  of  India  down  to  the  time  of  Buddha 
transmitted  without  writing,  by  memory  only,  20  7905-07;  the 
first  or  Rig- Veda  sacred  hymns,  791 1;  three  other  Vedic  books, 
the  Sama-Veda,  the  Yajur-Veda,  and  the  Atharva-Veda,  7912, 
7913  (also  7915,  7916);  the  Brahmanas  with  philosophical  Upani- 
shads  appended,  designed  as  commentaries,  first  for  priests 
and   next   for  thinkers,  7913-16;   rise  of   Buddhism   in  the   sixth 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCXCiii 

century  B.  C,  7917;  Buddhist  sacred  Scriptures  in  three  Pitakas, 
7918;  Sanskrit  later  literature,  7920;  the  two  great  Indian  epics, 
< Mahabharata  >  and  <Ramayana,>  7922,  7925;  other  later  litera- 
ture, <Puranas,>  fables  and  drama,  and  lyric  poets,  7926-34;  mod- 
ern Sanskrit  period 20  7936-39 

The  sacred  books,  philosophical  works,  and  law  books  of  India  ...  .45  414-17 
<The   Mahabharata,^   a  great  epic  poem  sometimes  called  «the  Fifth 

Veda  >> 44         63 

Panini's  celebrated  Sanskrit  grammar 43       415 

Wackernagel's  < Origin  of  Brahmanism  > 43        554 

Kalidasa,  celebrated  dramatic,  epic,  and  lyric  poet  of  India  in  the  sixth 

century    21  8455  ;  4  3  295 

Jayadeva's  <Song  of  Songs,^  a  Sanskrit  masterpiece 20     8208 

<Pilpay's  Fables,  >  an  example  of  the  folklore  of  India 29    11437 

The    <Panchatantra,*  the    great    Sanskrit    story-book,  the   very  oldest 

monument  of  Hindu  literature i  201 

Baber,   a  great  emperor,    in    the  age   of  Columbus,    3    1141;    Akbar, 
Baber's  grandson,  emperor   of   India  (1556-1605),  and   famous  as 

the  wisest  monarch  ever  seen  in  the  East 45       432 

Limburg-Brouwer's  Oriental  romance  <  Akbar  > 43        343 

Feisi,  a  celebrated   Indo-Persian   poet  and  scholar  at  the  court  of  the 

Emperor  Akbar 42        182 

First   European   description   of  India  beyond  the  Ganges,    in   Balbi's 

<  Journey  in  the  East  Indies  >  (1590) 42  38 

Sir  John  W.  Kaye's  histories  and  biographies  relating  to  India 43  298 

H.  H.  Wilson's  important  contributions  to  knowledge  of  the  religion 

and  people  of  India 43  578 

Fitzedward  Hall's  important  Sanskrit  studies 42  244. 

Sir  W.  W.  Hunter's  great  works  on  the  languages,  peoples,  and  his- 
tory of  India 42  279 

Very  extended  and  important  contributions  to  English  knowledge  of 

India,  in  the  works  of  Max  Miiller 26  10425 

Works  of  great  value  on  the  literature,  religion,  and  people  of  India, 

by  Monier-Williams 43  387 

Barthelemy-Saint-Hilaire's  <  The  Vedas^ 42  45 

Riickert's  <  Wisdom  of  the  Brahmans  > 31   12459 ;  43  471 

Heber's  <A  Journey  through  India  > 18  7154 

J.  R.  Seeley  on  the  Indian  Empire  under  England 44  240 

Sir  Edwin  Arnold's  contributions  to  knowledge  of  India 2    819-20 

Lord  Roberts's  <  Forty-one  Years  in  India  > .....  44  83 

Earl  Dufferin's    <  Speeches   Delivered    in    India,    1884-88  >;    and   <Our 

Viceroyal  Life  in  India  >  by  his  wife 42  154 

Marion  Crawford's  early  experience  in  India 10  4151 

Malabari,  an  eminent  social  reformer,  author  of  various  writings,  and 

editor  of  Indian  journals 43  364 

Toru  Dutt's  <  Ancient  Ballads  of  Hindustan  > 13  5075 

Al-Biruni,  the  Arabic  «  Herodotus  of  India  >> 2  675 


CCXCiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

History  of  the  Portuguese  discovery  and  conquest  of  India  by  Castan- 

heda 42  97 

Important  historical  works  on  India  by  Sir  Henry  Elliott 42  167 

Lassen's  <  Science  of  Indian  Antiquity  > 43  328 

Malcolm's  *■  Political  History  of  India  > 43  364 

James  Mill's  <  History  of  British  India ' 43  383 

Fergusson's  <  History  of  Indian  Architecture  > 42  183 


IRELAND 

The  Ireland  of  most  ancient  tradition,  a  thousand  years  per- 
haps before  St.  Patrick,  is  not  unlikely  to  have  had  a  very  ancient 
civilization,  into  which  Phoenician,  Greek,  and  other  eastern  and 
southern  elements  entered.  The  more  certain  story  of  culture  in 
Ireland  is  that  of  the  Christianization  effected  by  St.  Patrick 
early  in  the  fifth  century.  Born  in  Scotland,  carried  to  Ireland  in 
early  youth  as  a  slave,  and  escaping  thence  to  Rome,  Patrick  had 
shown  great  genius  in  the  service  of  the  church,  and  his  mission 
to  Ireland  was  not  only  marvelously  effective  in  the  conversion 
of  the  Irish  people,  but  it  made  Ireland  a  conspicuous  and  pow- 
erful agency,  in  England  and  all  over  Europe,  for  the  planting  of 
Christian  faith  and  life.  About  a  hundred  years  from  the  death 
of  Patrick  St.  Columba  with  twelve  companions  began  the  work 
in  Scotland  ;  it  was  carried  thence  to  Lindisfarne  on  the  east 
coast  of  England  with  very  large  English  results.  From  about 
590  other  similar  groups  of  Irish  missionaries  established  monas- 
teries in  the  most  important  parts  of  Europe,  from  the  schools  of 
which  education  was  spread  and  about  which  towns  sprang  up, 
which  became  centres  of  civilization  and  culture.  Roman  methods, 
represented  by  missionaries  directly  subject  to  the  Pope,  ultimately 
took  possession,  both  in  England  and  on  the  continent,  of  the 
results  of  Irish  missionary  labor,  but  it  is  to  Ireland  and  not  to 
Rome,  as  also  to  England  more  than  to  Rome,  that  the  wide  plant- 
ing of  culture  in  Europe  must  be  credited. 

The  Irish  Gaelic,  native  to  Ireland,  is  a  branch  of  Celtic,  with 
a  rich  literature  preserved  in  inscriptions  and  manuscripts,  the 
latter  of  which  date  from  about  700  A.  D.  Intense  antagonism 
of  Celtic  custom  and  faith  to  Anglo-Norman  from  A.  D.  1172 
changed  the  attitude  of  Irish  culture  from  that  of  nationalism  to 
that  of  identification  of  nationalism  with  Romanism.     The  same 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCXCV 

antagonism  bred  endless  trouble  between  Ireland  and  England, 
eventuating  in  the  Irish  struggle  of  our  own  time  to  secure  Home 
Rule.  Irish-English  contributions  to  English  literature  have  con- 
stituted no  small  part  of  its  wealth,  and  in  English  genius  a 
Celtic  element  has  notably  contributed  to  its  highest  achieve- 
ments. 

Pelloutier's  valuable  German  <  History  of  the  Celts  > 43       422 

Noteworthy   studies  of   Celtic   language  and   literature,  by  the  most 

eminent  French  authority 42         22 

John  Rhys's  important  works 43        456 

Zeuss's     German    <  Celtic    Grammar, >    a    great    monument    of    Celtic 

scholarship 43        595 

Ossian  in  the  history  of  Ireland,  at  the  end  of  the  third  century.  .  .  .27    10865 

«  Ballad-colloquies  *  between  St.  Patrick  and  Ossian 27    10868 

Addison's  Irish  residence,  and  friendship  with  Swift i  152 

Jonathan  Swift,  great  prose  satirist  and  political  pamphleteer 36    14264 

Gerald  Griffin's  wealth  of  Irish  genius  in  London ;  Irish  character  de- 
lineated in  his  <  The  Collegians  > 17  6699 ;  4  5    450 

The  brothers  John  and  Michael  Banim  ranked  in  Irish  letters  as  Scott 

in  Scottish,  4  1458  ;  their  stories  of  Irish  life  and  character.  4  1458;  42  40 

Maria  Edgeworth's  life  in  Ireland  and  novels  of  Irish  life 13      5151 

Sir  Aubrey  De  Vere's  deep  sympathy  in  ^  Lamentations  of  Ireland  > .  1 1  4609 
Marvelous  genius  of  the  Irish  poet  Mangan 24     9664 

<  Father  Prout  >  (O'Mahony)  a  representative  Irishman  in  literature.  27  10845-47 
Sketches,  songs,  and  stories  of  Irish  life  by  Samuel  Lover  ..23  9217;  43  351 
Carleton's  powerful  novels  admirably  interpreting  Irish  peasant  traits 

and   tendencies 42  94 

Charles  Lever,  the  most  popular  of  Irish  novelists,  43  339  ;  Le  Fanu 

next  in  popularity  to  Lever  among  modern  Irish  novelists 43  333 

Irish  and   English   characteristics  contrasted  in  Annie  Keary's  novel 

<  Castle  Daly  > 44  236 

Irish-English   eighteenth-century  scenes  in    Mr.    Froude's    <The  Two 

Chiefs  of   Dunboy  > 45  491 

Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall's   novels  and  short  stories  of   Irish  life 42  244 

Gilbert's  < Historic   Literature  of   Ireland,)  and  other  studies  of   Irish 

history 42  216 

<Ireland,>  the  Story  of  the  Nation,  by  Emily  Lawless 43  330 

West  of  Ireland  life  depicted  in  her  <  Hurrish  > 44  257 

<  Grania,)  her  most  powerful  romance  of  Irish  life 43  330 

Sketches  of  Irish  life  in  Lady  Morgan's  <Wild  Irish  Girl  > 45  438 

Pictures  of   Irish    peasant   life  in   the   stories   and   sketches  of   Jane 

Barlow 4   1543,   1544;  42  42 

<  Lament  of  the  Irish    Emig^rant  > 40    16372 

<April  in  Ireland  > 40    16438 

Boucicault  on  < The  Wearing  of  the  Green > 40    16396 

Mant's  <  History  of  the   [Protestant]  Church  of  Ireland  > 43       366 


CCXCvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 


ITALY 

In  Italy  for  nearly  six  hundred  years  after  Boethius  (about 
530  A.  D.),  the  latest  writer  of  good  Latin,  the  spoken  Latin  of 
the  people  lost  all  connection  with  classical  Latin,  from  the  people's 
complete  loss  of  interest  in  books,  or  culture  of  any  kind;  and 
while  Anglo-Saxons,  French,  and  Germans  had  vernacular  literary 
developments,  there  was  no  hint  of  anything  of  the  kind  in  Italian 
much  before  the  thirteenth  century;  making  it  the  latest  of  all 
the  chief  European  literatures  to  show  notable  maturity.  This 
was  due  to  the  failure  of  Italy  to  develop  nationality  after  the 
removal  of  the  seat  of  Roman  Empire  to  Constantinople.  The 
Lombards  came  into  Italy  in  568,  and  within  a  few  years  became 
masters  of  all  the  northern  part.  They  held  on  for  two  hundred 
years,  against  two  great  obstacles  to  making  a  united  Italy.  In 
the  first  place  the  Empire  of.  the  Caesars,  which  Constantine  in 
328  had  chosen  a  new  seat  for  in  Constantinople,  had  secured 
Ravenna  by  conquest  in  the  time  of  Justinian,  and  thereby  had 
a  considerable  hold  upon  the  north  of  Italy.  But  far  more  im- 
portant than  this  was  the  rise  at  Rome  of  recognition  of  its  Bishop 
as  a  temporal  ruler  not  less  than  a  bishop.  By  calling  in  non- 
Italian  aid,  notably  that  of  the  two  great  Prankish  monarchs,  Pip- 
pin and  his  son  Charlemagne,  the  Pope  and  German  Emperor 
overthrew  the  Lombard  kingdom  (774),  gave  the  Papacy  political 
sovereignty  in  Rome,  and  subjected  Italy  to  German  rule,  under 
eight  sovereigns  of  the  house  of  Charlemagne,  to  888.  The  age 
which  followed,  888-961,  saw  ten  kings  nominally  Italian,  but  saw 
also  Saracen  invasion,  Greek  interference,  degradation  of  the  Pa- 
pacy, and  devastation  of  the  fairest  Italian  provinces  by  savage 
Magyars.  Then  came  Otto  the  Great  of  Germany  to  possess  himself 
of  all  power  at  Rome  and  in  Italy,  and  make  the  "  Holy  Roman 
Empire  of  the  German  Nation  ^^  a  final  obstacle  to  development 
of  Italian  nationality,  except  as  Rome,  Naples,  Florence,  Venice, 
and  Milan  became  five  Italian  powers,  and  rendered  still  further 
hopeless  the  making  of  a  united  Italy.  Yet  was  Italian  the  first 
after  Provengal  to  develop  the  form  and  finish  of  literature,  in  a 
school  of  vernacular  poetry  which  flourished  under  Frederick  II., 
at  Palermo,  in  Sicily,  about  1220  A.  D.  This  poetry  was  Provengal 
in  substance  and   style,  but  the  language  was  Italian,  and  there 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCXCVii 

resulted  throughout  Italy  remarkable  poetic  developments  showing 
enormous  progress  within  three-quarters  of  a  century,  and  pre- 
paring the  way  for  Dante.  Not  only  did  Dante  carry  literary 
creation  to  the  sublimest  height  of  poetry,  but  Italian  prose  of  any 
importance  began  with  him.  Although,  therefore,  Italy  was  in 
national  development  the  latest  of  the  great  historic  countries  of 
Europe  to  organize  effective  national  unity,  it  was  none  the  less 
Europe's  earliest  teacher.  It,  moreover,  stood  in  the  front  of  Europe 
in  its  conduct  of  commerce,  through  Venice  and  Genoa,  and  in 
its  initiation  in  the  fifteenth  century  of  the  revival  of  learning. 
Its  great  tradition  of  classical  Rome,  followed  by  that  of  the 
Papacy,  broadly  contributed  to  the  maintenance  of  its  great  lead 
in  the  history  of  modern  culture. 

Pliny's  praise  of  Italy  as  the  ruler  and  second  parent  of  the  world..  2  9    11 581 

Guicciardini's  great  < History  of  Italy,  1492-1534  > 42       238 

La  Farina's  *  History  of  Italy  for  the  Italian  People  > 43       321 

Sismondi's  <  History  of  the  Italian  Republics  in  the  Middle  Ages  >  and 

other  studies  of  Italian  history 34   13476;   43  495;  44  164 

Yriarte's  study  of  Florence  in  her  palmy  days  45       494 

Machiavelli's  great  work,  the  <  History  of  Florence, >  44   loi;  presents 

him  as  the  best  and  most  finished  of  Italian  prose- writers    24     9481 

Symonds's  comprehensive  study  of  the  revival  of  learning  in  Italy.. 4 5        514 
Savonarola,  one  of  the  great  figures  of  Italian  history,  43  481;   thor- 
ough   and    extensive    scholarship    and   comprehension    of    Italian 
genius   shown  in  Villari's   great    biographies   of  Savonarola  and 

Machiavelli 38  15354-56 

Notable  intelligence  and  judgment  of  the  art  history  and  criticism  of 

Vasari's  < Lives  of  Painters,  Sculptors,  and  Architects* 37   15248-50 

Bartoli's  <  First  Two  Centuries  of  Italian  Literature, >  and  <  History  of 

Italian  Literature  * 42         45 

St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  the  first  poet  to  use  the  Italian  speech 15      5922 

The  thirteenth  century  a  splendid  period  of  intellectual  life  in  Italy.  1 1      4320 

Marco  Polo's  famous  travels  from  Venice  to  China  (1271-92) 43       434 

Dante,  the  supreme  poet  at  the  head  of  modern  literature 11      4315 

Extraordinarily  brilliant  career  as  a  scholar  and  poet  of  Petrarch. 2 9  11357-65 

Pulci's  exceptional  use  of  the  Tuscan  dialect  in  poetry 30    11891 

Leonardo  da  Vinci,  one  of  the  greatest  artists  and  most  brilliant   in- 
tellects in  the  history  of  culture 43       549 

Vespucius,  the  celebrated  navigator  for  whom  America  was  named.  ,43       546 

Ariosto,  the  third  of  Italy's  greatest  poets,  next  before  Tasso 2    741-59 

Magnificent  poem  of  Torquato  Tasso,  telling  the  story  of  the  great 

Crusade  by  which  Jerusalem  was  delivered  from  the  Moslems .  3  6  14469-75 
Michel   Angelo's    distinction    in    art,    and    rank    next   to   Dante    and 

Petrarch  as  a  writer  of  sonnets 25     9978 

Benvenuto  Cellini's  universally  famous  Autobiography 8        3371 


CCXCviii  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF    THE    PRINCIPAL 

Ardent  patriotism  of  the  writings  of  Aleardi i    349-51 

Carlo  Goldoni,  father  of  modern  Italian  comedy 16  6475 

Giuseppe  Giusti,  his  poetical  satires  powerfully  patriotic  and  humani- 
tarian   16  6355 

Ferrazzi's   invaluable    <  Handbooks  to   Dante,'   and  studies   of   Tasso 

and  Ariosto 42  185 

Carducci,  the  actual  poet  laureate  of  Italy 8  3208 

Hare's  <  Cities  of  Northern  and  Central  Italy  > 44  164 

W.  D.  Howells's  *  Italian  Journeys ' 44  320 

Cavour's  great  services  and  literary  remains 42         99 

Place  of  Mazzini  in  connection  with  Italian  liberation,  and  recon- 
struction   25  9843-45 

Manzoni's  <The  Betrothed,'  <  Sacred  Hymns,'  and  tragedies,  of  epoch- 
making  significance  in  Italian  history 24  9671-74 

A  <  Popular  History  of  the  Popes,'  by  Ferdinando  Bosio 42         68 

Capecelatro,  the  leading  Italian  contemporary  Church  writer 42         93 

Sismondi  on  <The  Agriculture  of  Tuscany' 34    13472 

Parini,  author  of  satires,  the  most  powerful  living  exponent  of  Italian 

Letters  and  Arts  in  his  time 28  11042 ;  43  416 

Extraordinary  significance  of  Silvio  Pellico's  story  of  ten  years  in  an 

Austrian  prison 28   1 1265-66 ;  4  3  422 

D'Azeglio's   splendid  success   with   a   romance  of  Italian   patriotism ; 

and  extreme  value  of  his  <My  Recollections' 3   1130;  42  32 

Ruffini's    novels    a    faithful    transcript  of  Italian    life    in    the    period 

1818-48 31    12471 ;  43  471 

The  consummate  power,  pathos,  and  tragedy  of  the  Italian  novels  of 

Giovanni  Verga 38  15297,  15298 ;  43   545 

The  miseries  of  Italian  peasant  life,  powerfully  described  by  Mar- 
chioness Colombi 42        116 

Madame  Serao's  novels  remarkable  examples  of  a  new  Italian  literary 

movement 33   13134;  43  489 


JAPAN 

Japan,  occupying  four  large  islands,  forming  the  frontier  east- 
ward of  Asia,  is  a  land  of  summits  of  mountains,  the  vast  lower 
ranges  of  which  are  submerged  by  the  surrounding  ocean.  It 
enjoys  a  climate  and  has  a  wealth  of  developments  of  nature  in 
the  highest  degree  promotive  of  race  culture.  But  it  is  only 
since  1868  that  the  intelligence  and  patriotism  of  the  people  have 
found  expression  in  a  national  attitude  favorable  to  the  develop- 
ment of  the  country  on  the  lines  of  modern  culture.  The  rapid- 
ity   with   which    this    development    has    proceeded    is    by   far   the 


TOPICS   AND    CHIEF    LINES    OF    INTEREST  CCXCix 

most   interesting   fact   in   the    recent  progress   of   the    East,  save 

only  the   appearance   of   the    United    States,  as   a   factor   in  that 
progress,  consequent  upon  the  war  with  Spain. 

The  feudal  and  social  life  and  customs  of  Japan  depicted  by  Gautier .  4  5  523 

Percival  Lowell  on  Japanese  character  and  usages 45  465 

Japanese  life  portrayed  in  House's  *  A  Child  of  Japan  \ 45  437 

Japanese  usage  of  hara-kari  depicted 44  243 

Comprehensive  account  of  Japanese  literature 20  8145-54 

Literature  imported  into  Japan  from  A.  D.  552 20  8146 

The  earliest  literary  product  in  Japan  A.  D.  712 20  8146 

The  <  Manyoshii  ^  treasury  of  poems  about  760 20  8147 

The  Japanese  classic  age  A.  D.  800-1200,  20  8147;  its  middle  or  dark 

age  A.  D.  1200-1700 20  8149 

Two  and  a  half  centuries  of  literary  revival  and  maturing  of  a  stand- 
ard literary  language 20  8149,   8150 

A  sympathetic  study  of  Japan,  by  Percival    Lowell,  45  465;    Morse's 

<  Japanese  Homes  > 43  392 

La  Farge's  <Ar List's  Letters  from  Japan,'  44  123;  Louis  Gonse  on  the 

Art  of  Japan 44  123 

Striking  sketches  of  Japan  by  Lafcadio  Hearn 18  7132 

<  The  Shinto  Faith  >  in  Japan,  by  L.   Hearn 18  71 51 

Hearn's  study  of  both  recent  and  feudal  Japan 45  367 


MEXICO 

Mexico,  occupying  the  immense  table-land  forming  the  most 
southerly  part  of  North  America,  more  than  750,000  square  miles 
in  area,  was  for  three  centuries  from  the  coming  of  Cortes,  in 
15 19,  a  rich  land  cruelly  subjected  to  Spanish  misrule;  and  from 
the  expulsion  of  the  last  of  the  Spanish  viceroys,  in  182 1,  to  1876, 
continuous  civil  disorder  and  political  disturbance,  not  only  pre- 
vented any  considerable  initiation  of  progress,  but  involved  the 
loss,  in  war  with  the  United  States,  of  half  a  million  square 
miles  of  territory.  From  1876  the  presidency  of  Diaz,  a  ruler  of 
remarkable  ability  and  character,  has  initiated  developments  both 
of  national  life  and  of  culture,  of  great  promise  for  the  future  of 
the  country. 

Diaz  del  Castillo's  Spanish  chronicle  of  the  conquest  of  Mexico  (1632), 

1 1  4614  ;  42  143  ;  his  description  of  Cortes  in  the  Conquest 11  4616 

Balbuena's  poetic  description  of  the  City  of  Mexico  in  1604 .42  38 

Clavijero's  history  of  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  Mexico a  a  8909 


Ccc  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Saavedra   Guzman's   historical  poem  describing  the  Aztec  court,  and 

the  conquest  of  Mexico 43        474 

Important  works  on  the  geography  and  history  of  Mexico  by  Orozco 
y  Berra,  43  409;   in  four  parts,  <  Civihzation,>  <  Primitive  Man,> 

^Ancient  History, >  and  <  The  Conquest  > 43        409 

Bandelier's  ^Archaeological  Tour  in  Mexico  >   (1885) 42         40 

David  A.  Wells's  < A  Study  of  Mexico > 43        568 

Alaman's  important  political  services,  and  <  History  of  Mexico  > 42  9 

Lucien  Biart's  novels  describing  Mexican  and  South  American  nature 

and  customs 42         58 

Wallace's  <The  Fair  God,>  an  historical  romance  of  the  conquest  of 

Mexico  by  the  Spaniards 45        368 

Janvier's  story  of  the  <Aztec  Treasure  House  > 44       278 

Ochoa  y  Acuna's  <  Poems  of  a  Mexican,  >  greatly  admired  by  his  coun- 
trymen   43       407 


NORWAY 

Norway  ranks  with  Denmark  in  the  history  of  culture,  from 
the  thirteenth  century  to  the  nineteenth.  Denmark  had  become 
a  united  kingdom  in  the  ninth  and  tenth  centuries;  Sweden  also 
within  the  same  period,  and  Norway  about  the  year  1000.  From 
the  year  1380  Denmark  and  Norway  were  united;  and  in  1397 
Denmark,  Norway,  and  Sweden  became  one,  with  Denmark  the 
leading  power.  Sweden  gained  her  independence  under  Gustavus 
Vasa,  in  1523;  Norway  finally  separated  from  Denmark,  in  18 14, 
and  became  united  with  Sweden.  The  ancient  culture  of  Norway 
is  represented  in  the  Eddas,  in  close  relation  with  Icelandic  liter- 
ature. The  modern  literature  of  Norway  dates  from  early  in  the 
present  century,  when  Wergeland  ardently  espoused  the  cause  of 
the  free  peasant  proprietors  and  gave  a  profound  impulse  to  cul- 
tu're  truely  national. 

Wergeland,  Norwegian  poet,  of  great  influence  on  the  literature  and 

culture  of  Norway;  the  Norse  Schiller 43       568 

Welhaven's  distinction  among  Norwegian  critics  and  poets 38    15779 

Moe's  great   influence  on   Norwegian   language,    literature,    and   art, 

through  his  collection  of  popular  fairy  tales  43       386 

Religious  intolerance  in  Norway,  like  that  of  Puritan  New  England.  5        1967 

Munch's  <  History  of  the  Norwegian  People  > 43       396 

International  importance  of  Bjornson,  Ibsen,  and  Lie 23      9048 

Bjornson,  the  recognized  leader  of  the  Norwegian  republican  move- 
ment, 42  61;  one  of  his  lyrics,  preeminently  the  national  song  of 
Norway 5        1961 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ccci 

Ibsen,  author  of  national  historical  dramas,  social   dramas,  and  dra- 
matic poems;  notable  for  criticism  of  existing  conditions 20  7839-47 

Jonas  Lie,  one  of  Norway's  three  greatest  writers,  especially  famous 

for  novels  of  Norse  seafaring  life 23  9048 ;  4  3  342 

Boyesen's  <  Idyls  of  Norway, >  and  stories  of  Norse  life 5        2273 

Norse  life  depicted  in  Boyesen's  <  Gunnar  > 44       226 

Norse  folk-tales,  translated  by  G.  W.  Dasent  45        500 

Asbjornsen's  <Folk  Tales  >  and  < Fairy  Tales  and  Folk  Legends,)   de- 
lightful pictures  of  Norse  nature  and  life 2    905-16 

Kielland's  promotion  of  a  new  movement  in  Norwegian  literature;   in 

•       every  way  an  advanced  writer 21   8565-72 

Garborg's  novels  a  powerful  study  of  peasant  life  and  of  human  prob- 
lems  15  6185-87 

Distinction  of  Nansen  as  an  explorer 27    10555 


PALESTINE 

*  Palestine  ''  was  at  first  a  name  properly  designating  the  strip 
of  coast  land,  southwest  of  Judea,  belonging  to  the  Philistines; 
by  inadvertence  used  to  designate  the  land  of  the  Jews,  as  it 
was  known  from  the  time  of  Christ.  The  land  was  obtained  as 
a  possession  by  the  ancestors  of  the  Jews  through  conquest  by 
invading  tribes,  whose  method  was  that  of  massacre  of  the  popu- 
lations where  they  wished  to  settle.  Many  hundred  years  had 
passed  when  the  last  extremity  of  war  waged  against  them  by 
the  king  of  Babylon  carried  the  people  of  Jerusalem  and  the 
country  about  it  into  exile  at  Babylon,  leaving  their  land  and 
their  temple-city  desolate.  Within  about  two  generations  a  con- 
siderable number  of  the  Babylon  colony  of  Jews  obtained  permission 
to  return  to  their  own  land;  and  upon  this,  when  still  others  re- 
turned, under  leaders  of  great  zeal,  a  restoration  of  Jerusalem, 
and  of  its  temple  and  worship,  was  undertaken;  and  in  connec- 
tion therewith  writings  representing  the  traditions,  history,  and 
priestly  customs  in  use  among  them,  were  publicly  and  solemnly 
recognized  (B.  C.  444)  not  only  as  of  divine  authority,  but  as,  in 
the  books  of  chief  importance,  the  work  of  Moses,  whose  date  is 
about  a  thousand  years  earlier.  A  notable  consequence  of  ^*  Mosaic  ^* 
canonization  of  literature,  and  one  which  the  story  of  it  shows 
was  specially  intended,  was  the  distinction  made  by  the  Jews  be- 
tween Jews  and  *^ heathen,"  similar  to  that  which  Mohammedans 
make  between  themselves  and  ^*  infidels. "  Even  Jews  who  had 
married  non-Jewish  wives  were  compelled  to  cast  oflE  their  wives 


Cccii  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF    THE    PRINCIPAL 

and  children  as  heathen.  The  Greeks  and  Romans  were  heathen 
under  this  law  of  Jewish  orthodoxy,  and  it  even  went  so  far  as 
to  pronounce  the  common  people  among  themselves  accursed  be- 
cause unable  to  read  and  thus  ^*not  knowing  the  Law.'^  But 
under  Alexander  the  Great,  somewhat  more  than  a  hundred  years 
after  the  Jews  began  with  their  Mosaic  Scriptures,  an  extreme 
toleration  of  all  religions  had  prevailed,  and  after  another  hundred 
years  many  Jews  had  learned  to  be  friendly  with  Greeks,  while 
others  were  made  by  this  only  the  more  rigid,  and  did  everything" 
possible  to  have  everybody  know  that  nothing  was  good  that  was 
not  Mosaic  and  Jewish,  and  that  Greeks  and  Romans  in  partic- 
ular were  wicked  heathen,  under  a  heavy  curse.  The  Greek  ruler 
of  that  part  of  the  world,  Antiochus,  was  unwise  enough  to  com- 
mand, about  170  B.C.,  compliance  by  all  Jews  with  his  Greek 
sacrificial  customs;  and  in  the  little  town  of  Modin,  a  grand  old 
man,  who  was  most  zealous  for  Moses,  assaulted  and  killed  a  Jew 
who  offered  sacrifice  in  the  Greek  way,  and  further  assaulted  and 
killed  the  king's  commissioner.  This  started  a  religious  war,  led 
first  by  the  old  man,  and  later  by  his  five  sons,  who  fought  out 
the  Jewish  contention  with  wonderful  energy  and  success,  and 
settled  the  orthodox  Jews  on  the  most  rigorous  view  of  their 
Law.  One  result  of  this  view  was  the  rejection  and  killing  of 
Christ,  who  appeared  to  set  aside  Mosaic  orthodoxy.  Another 
was  the  production  of  the  Talmud,  in  two  forms,  one  in  Pales- 
tine, but  a  more  important  one  in  Babylon,  where  learned  Jews 
lived  and  taught  after  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  by  the  Romans 
in  A.  D.  70.  The  Talmud  was  a  mass  of  discussion,  judgment, 
and  story,  by  way  of  commentary  on  the  Mosaic  writings,  and  the 
Jewish  idea  of  these  writings  as  of  divine  authority  was  extended 
to  the  Talmud. 

The  Old  Testament  and  the  Jewish  Apocrypha 27   10775-818 

The  Talmud,  its  makers  and  its  characters 36   14453-68 

Sayce's  <  Introduction  to  the  Books  of  Ezra,  Nehemiah,  and  Esther  > ; 
<  Life  and  Times  of  Isaiah  > ;  and  <  The  Races  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment > 4348 1-82 

<  The  Babylonian  Talmud  > ;  a  new  edition  of  the  original,  with  English 

translation,  by  Michael  L.  Rodkinson 44         22 

Dr.  A.  Smythe  Palmer  on  Babylonian  Ideas  in  the   Hebrew  Mosaic 

writings 44  21 

Eichhorn's  <A  Critical  and  Historical  Introduction  to  the  Old  Testa- 
ment > 42        166 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ccciii 

Ewald's  < History  of  the  People  of  Israel  > 42        175 

Reuss's  <  History  of  the  Books  of  the  Old  Testament  > 43       455 

Renan's  <  History  of  the    People  of  Israel, >  and  translations  of  <Job,> 

< Ecclesiastes,>  and  < The  Song  of  Songs > 43       455 

W.  Robertson  Smith's  <  Hebrew  Language  and  Literature,  >  <01d  Testa- 
ment in  the  Jewish  Church, >  <  Prophets  of   Israel,^  and  <  Religion 

of  the  Semites > 43       499 

George  Smith's  <  The  Chaldean  Account  of  Genesis  > 43       497 

The  Polychrome  Bible ;  a  new  translation  of  the  Bible,  of  which  twenty 
separate  numbers  will  contain  the  Old  Testament,  the  translation 
so  printed  in  colors  as  to  aid  understanding  of  the  origins  of  the 

contents 44  3 

Recent  Research  in  Bible  Lands;   Its    Progress   and   Results;   edited 

by  Hermann  von  Hilprecht  44       189 


PERSIA 

Persia  was  the  inheritor,  before  its  Mohammedan  period,  of 
the  traditions  of  the  religious  system  and  sacred  scriptures  of 
Zoroaster,  handed  down  from  a  time  perhaps  as  ancient  as  that 
of  the  origin  of  the  Vedas.  When  Darius  encountered  the  Greeks 
at  Marathon,  and  Xerxes  sought  to  overwhelm  them  at  Salamis, 
the  victory  of  Persia  might  have  profoundly  affected  not  only  the 
destinies  of  Zoroastrianism,  but  the  culture  of  Europe.  More 
than  1 100  years  after  Marathon  the  Arabs,  in  639  A.  D.,  entered 
upon  the  complete  subjection  of  Persia  to  Mohammedanism.  For 
two  or  three  centuries  Persian  culture  under  Moslem  suppression 
either  did  not  survive  at  all  or  was  pursued  silently  in  secret. 
But  in  the  ninth  century  great  scholars,  philosophers,  men  of  science, 
poets,  and  historians,  of  Persian  race,  entered  upon  a  nominally 
Arabic  development  of  culture,  which  was  Arabic  in  name  only, 
and  which  continued  vigorous  and  broadly  influential  during  five 
centuries.  The  natural  suppression  of  culture  under  Mohamme- 
danism at  length  put  an  end  to  these  Persian-Arabic  developments. 
The  present  Persian  djmasty  is  that  of  a  Kajar  Turk,  whose 
career  was  that  of  a  monster  of  ruthless  savagery,  when  he  came 
to  the  throne,  and  under  whose  race  Persia  has  no  hope  but  of 
Moslem  suppression  of  culture. 

The  Zend-Avesta,  the  sacred  Scriptures  or  Bible  of  the  Parsees,  first 
made  known  by  Du  Perron  in  177 1,  3  1084  ;  loss  of  the  complete 
original   ascribed    to  the  conquest  of    Persia  by   Alexander    the 


CCCiv  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL  ■ 

Great,  3  1085  ;  a  new  collection  made  in  the  third  century  of  our 

era,  3   1085  ;  the  chief  contents  of  the  work 3   1086-88;  45  418 

Zoroastrian   worship  of   fire,  3     1095 ;   and   idea  of  the  conditions  of 

eternal  life 3        1099 

Xerxes,  king  of  Persia,  defeated  by  the  Greeks  in  a  great  sea-fight 

at  Salamis  B.  C.  480 i  185 

Battle    of   Nihavand,  A.  D.    651,   and  the   Mohammedan  conquest  of 

Persia 14      5735 

Firdausi's  <  Shah   Namah,>  the  national  poem  of  Persia,    14  5735-39; 

Mohl's  edition  of  the  <  Shah  Namah  > 43       386 

Nizami,  one  of  the  most  important  poets  of  Persia,  4  3  405 ;  his  <  Five 
Treasures  >  indicating  genius  second  only  to  that  of  Firdausi .... 
27   10665,  10666 

Sa'di's  <Gulistan,  or  Rose  Garden,'  44  63  ;  his  wealth  of  poetry  and 

good  counsel 32    1 2634 

Rumi,  a  Persian  Moslem  poet,  founder  of  the  sect  of  whirling  der- 
vishes, and  author  of  a  great  religious  poem 32    12487-88 

Hafiz,  the  last  and  greatest  of  Persian  poets,  the  Persian  Anacreon .  i  7      6793 

Jami  the  latest  classic  minstrel  of  Persia;  known  as  the  Persian 
Petrarch;  devoted  to  Dervish  teaching,  and  to  Sufi  philosophy; 
his  <Yiisuf  and  Zulikha,>  or  Joseph  and  Potiphar's  Wife,  a  romantic 
masterpiece 20  81  lo-i  i 

Hatifi,  a  Persian  poet  of  the  fifteenth  century,  one  of  the  last  Per- 
sian great  epic  poets 42       252 

Non- Arabic  Persians  and  the  Persian  spirit  in  Arabic  literature 2    669-70 

Sir  John  Malcolm's  <  History  and  Sketches  of  Persia  > 43        364 

Perrot  and  Chipiez  on  Art  in  Persia 44       123 

Fraser's  <  Historical  and  Descriptive  Account  of  Persia  > 42       200 

Translations  from  the  Persian  by  Bodenstedt 5    2116,  2117 

Sir    Henry   Rawlinson's    Persian  researches   and   translations    of  the 

Behistun    Cuniform    inscription,    from    one    of    the    old    Persian 

languages 43       452 

Darmesteter's   < Origins  of  Persian   Poetry >;    < Iranian   Studies';  <0r- 

mazd  and  Ahriman>;  and  a  translation  of  the  <Zend-Avesta'. .  .  .42  132 
Pictures  of  life  in  Persia,  in   Morier's   ^Hajji    Baba,>   44   108;  other 

works  depicting  Persian  life 2  6   10304  ;  43  391 

Benjamin's   <  Persia  and  the   Persians, >    42  54;   Goldsmid's  <  Eastern 

Persia  > 42       223 

Eastwick's  *  Three  Years'  Residence  in  Persia  > 42        1 60 

De  la   Croix's  translation  from  the   Persian   of   <The  Thousand  and 

One  Days  * 43       426 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  qcCV 


POLAND 

Poland  had  become,  in  the  first  half  of  the  sixteenth  century^ 
the  dominant  country  of  Eastern  Europe,  but  with  a  social  con- 
dition—  nobles,  gentry,  clergy,  and  serfs,  the  latter  sunk  in  pov- 
erty and  ignorance,  while  everything  constituting  wealth  went  to 
the  privileged  classes  abov«  them, —  which  could  not  well  be  made 
consistent  with  progress  in  culture.  Eccentricities  of  selfishness 
in  the  political  system  permitted  the  most  worthless  of  the  nobles 
to  make  government  a  failure,  and  put  a  premium  upon  dissen- 
sions, the  natural  outcome  •£  which  was  interference  in  Polish 
affairs  by  neighboring  powers.  From  1815  the  bulk  of  Poland 
was  united  to  Russia,  and  large  sections  to  Austria  and  Prussia. 

A  highly  cultivated  Polish  language  began  to  supplant  Latin, 
as  the  language  of  law  and  learning,  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  the  last  half  of  that  century  is  called  the  Golden  Age  of 
Polish  literature.  The  succeeding  periods,  1606-1764,  and  1764- 
1822,  witnessed  a  long  return  in  the  first  to  Latin  influence  under 
the  Jesuits,  and  a  preparation  in  the  second  for  that  which  is 
really  the  great  era  of  Polish  genius,  that  introduced  by  Mickie- 
wicz. 

Kochanovski,  «the  Prince  of  Polish  poets, »  in  the  sixteenth  century, 

of  great  influence  for  improvement  of  vernacular  literature 43       310 

Boguslavski,  author  of  dramas,  theatre  director,  and  actor;  noted  as 

the  founder  of  the  Polish  stage . , 42         65 

Brodzinski,    a  Polish   poet   and   university  professor,    notable   as  the 

great  precursor  of  Polish  romanticism 42         76 

Distinction  of  Slowacki,  w^ith  Krasinski,  and  Mickiewicz,  in  Polish 
poetry,  34  13508;  the  three  great  poets  of  Poland,  22  8735;  ex- 
traordinary effect  on  the  Polish  people  of  Krasinski 22      8737 

The  highest  literary  expression  of  Polish  genius  in  Mickiewicz's  great 
national  poem,  <  Pan-Thaddeus  of  Warsaw,  >  the  pearl  of  all  Slavic 
literature,  25  9996,  9998,  9999;  his  <  Konrad  Wallenrod  >  and  <Gra- 
zyna,>  powerful  epic  poems,  first  revealed  him  as  the  national 
Polish  poet 25      9997 

The  golden  age  of  Polish  letters 25      9995 

Count  Fredro,  the  most  original  of  Polish  dramatists,  the  founder  of 

Polish  comedy,  and  known  as  «The  Moliere  of  Poland » 42        2cii 

Andre  Zbylitowski,  Polish  poet,  philosopher,  and  novelist 43        594 

Andrew  Chrysostom  Zaluski,  a  Polish  statesman  and  pulpit  orator  ..43        593 

Bohdan  Zaleski,  a  Polish   poet   noted   for   vivid  delineation  of  Polish 

scenery 43       593 

20 


cccvi  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Casimir  Zalewski,  a  Polish  journalist  and  dramatist 43        593 

Count  Stanislav  Tamovski,  a  Polish  historian  of  literature;  author  of 

< Studies  in  the  History  of  Polish  Literature > 43        515 

Kraszevsky's  romances,  novels,  poems,  and  other  writings,   notably  a 

series  of  historical  novels  depicting  Polish  history 43       314 

Splendid  succession  of  Sienkiewicz,  in  his  great  novels,  to  the  throne 

of  Polish  genius  left  vacant  by  Mickiewicz,  34  13399;   important 

historical  novels  45       457 

Balucki's  stories  satirizing  Polish  society 42         39 

Dzierzkovski's  Polish  novels  contrasting  the  selfish  dissipation  of  the 

upper  classes  with  the  Jiumble  virtues  of  the  lowly 42        159 

Jane  Porter's  historical  romance,  <Thaddeus  of  Warsaw' 45       482 


PORTUGAL 

Portugal  first  became  a  kingdom,  in  1140,  under  Alphonso 
I.,  who  won  the  great  battle  of  Ourique  against  the  Moors,  and 
made  Lisbon  his  capital.  Alphonso  was  the  son  of  a  duke  of 
Burgundy,  who  had  obtained  possession  of  Portugal  as  a  county 
by  marrying  the  daughter  of  the  King  of  Castile.  His  line  lasted 
for  440  years,  and  gave  Portugal  kings  of  exceptional  ability  and 
character.  Alphonso  III.  extended  Portugal  to  its  present  limits, 
in  1262.  His  son,  Diniz,  was  a  great  founder  of  Portuguese  com- 
merce and  mercantile  enterprise;  a  promoter  also  of  agriculture, 
the  industrial  arts,  and  learning.  The  son  of  Diniz  established 
close  relations  with  England,  and  under  King  John,  in  1835,  ^^ 
English  army  aided  the  Portuguese  in  winning  a  great  victory 
over  Castile,  decisively  repelling  invasion.  King  John  at  once 
formed  a  treaty  alliance  with  England,  and  the  next  year  mar- 
ried the  daughter  of  John  of  Gaunt,  the  great  English  Duke  of 
Lancaster,  brother  of  the,  English  King  Edward  IIL  One  of  the 
sons  of  this  marriage,  Henry  the  Navigator,  after  winning  great 
military  distinction  at  an  early  age,  created  at  the  extreme  south- 
west promontory  of  Portugal,  the  farthest  point  of  Europe  looking 
into  the  Atlantic,  a  school  of  Navigation,  designed  to  promote, 
through  voyages  and  discoveries,  *^  Increase  of  Knowledge  of  the 
Earth.*  During  eighty  years  before  Columbus  the  work  thus 
initiated  had  carried  discovery  to  the  Azores,  Madeira,  Cape  de 
Verde,  and  other  islands,  and  down  the  whole  coast  of  Africa  to 
the  east  side  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  ten  years  more 
sufficed   to   carry  these   independent   discoveries  to   India,  and  to 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCVli 

Brazil,  completely  solving  the  problems  of  world  knowledge,  rais- 
ing Portugal  to  the  position  of  one  of  the  most  powerful  mon- 
archies of  Europe,  and  making  Lisbon  the  great  seat  of  commerce 
with  the  East.  Yet  influences  of  the  most  baneful  character 
brought  sudden  and  complete  decline  within  a  single  generation, 
and  left  Portugal  to  fall  under  Spain,  for  the  period  15  80- 1640. 
King  Diniz  is  a  notable  figure  in  the  earliest  development  of  lit- 
erary culture  in  Portugal,  and  with  the  rise  of  Portuguese  mari- 
time commercial  distinction  Portuguese  literature  showed  great 
increase  of  vigor,  and  the  supreme  achievement  of  Portuguese 
genius  appeared  in  Camoens's  celebration  of  Portugal's  unpar- 
alleled glory  in  history,  that  of  her  hundred  years  of  successful 
devotion  to  ^*  Increase  of  Knowledge  of  the  Earth. " 

Fernao  Lopes,  the  oldest  of  the  Portuguese  chroniclers, — author  of  an 
unsurpassed  literary  and  critical  narrative  of  the  struggle  between 
Portugal  and  Castile ;  the  « father  of  Portuguese  prose  >> 43       349 

Gil  Vicente,  a  Portuguese  dramatist  and  actor  of  great  originality; 
father  of  the  drama  of  his  country,  and  of  great  influence  through- 
out Europe 8  3130;  42  216 

Ferreira's  <Inez  de  Castro,  >  the   second   regular  tragedy  produced  in 

Europe 42        185 

Barros's    <Asia,>    a   history  of    Portuguese   discoveries   and   conquests 

(1415-1539) 42  44 

Story  of  Portuguese  discoveries  before  and  apart  from,  Columbus,  in 
Major's  <  Life  of  Prince  Henry  >  and  <  Discoveries  of  Prince  Henry, 
and  Their  Results  > 43  363 ;  4  5  425 

Castanheda's  <  History  of  the  Discovery  and  Conquest  of  India  > 42         97 

Camoens's  great  epic  of  Portuguese  discoveries  created  a  new  epoch 

in  Portuguese  literature 8        3133 

General  view  of  Portuguese  literature  in  six  periods 8  3129-31 

E§a  de  Queiroz's  masterly  portrayal  in   novels  of  notable  power,  of 

the  failings  of  Portuguese  society 42        161 

Almeida-Garrett's  notable  leadership  of  a  new  national  literary  move- 
ment in  Portugal  in  the  first  half  of  the  present  century...  .8  3131;  42  15 

Provence :  Caesar  called  a  region  of  Gaul  Provincia  Romana, 
and  in  due  time  the  Provincial  Roman  spoken  in  this -province 
was  called  Provengal.  It  extended  over  a  wide  region  far  beyond 
Provence  proper  — into  the  east  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  and  Aragon; 
also  into  Savoy,  Piedmont,  part  of  Switzerland,  and  Sicily.  Out- 
side of  Provence,  it  was  a  language  of  the  higher  classes  and  of 
literature  only,  while  the  uneducated  common  peoples  spoke  each 
their  own   vulgar   dialect.     The    spread   of    French   of   the   more 


CCCviii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

northern  type  caused  the  disuse  of  literary  Provencal  about  the 
end  of  the  thirteenth  century.  The  great  age  of  pure  Provencal 
began  towards  the  end  of  the  eleventh  century  and  lasted  for 
nearly  two  hundred  years.  It  was  an  age  of  poets,  some  400  in 
all,  of  whom  about  a  dozen  were  women,  and  the  most  briUiant 
Provencal  period  was  the  hundred  years  1 150-1250. 

Raynouard's  ^  Dictionary  of  the  Language  of  the  Troubadours  > 43       452 

Fauriel's  <  History  of  Provengal  Poetry  > 42        181 

Laveleye's  <  History  of  the  Provengal  Langfuage  and  Literature  > 43       330 

Diez's  masterpieces,  <The  poetry  of  the  Troubadours, ><  Lives  and 
Works  of  the  Troubadours,  >  and  <  Etymological  Dictionary  of  Ro- 
mance Languages  > 42        145 

Puech,  a  Provengal  of  Aix  who  cultivated  poetry  with  great  success.  43  444 
Jasmin,  a  Gascon  poet  of  the  first  half  of  the  present  century,  noted 

as  the  father  of  modern  Provengal  poetry 20  8187 ;  42  288 

Mistral,  a  famous  Provengal  poet  of  our  own  time;  author  of  a  Pro- 

vengal-French  dictionary 25   10097 ;  4  3  385 

Aicard's    <Miette    and    Nore,>    a    Provencal   idyl   causing   him    to   be 

ranked  with  Mistral 42  7 


ROUMANIA 

RouMANiA  is  a  country  of  the  southeast  of  Europe  contiguous 
to  Turkey,  and  to  Russia,  with  a  history  very  much  affected  by 
Russian  interference,  but  still  more,  and  always  for  the  worse,  by 
Turkish.  Its  final  independence  dates  from  1878.  In  matters  of 
culture,  it  has  made  but  little  progress  until  within  the  present 
century,  when  it  began  to  have  a  native  literature.  For  a  long 
time  the  language  of  its  educated  class  was  Greek.  Its  race 
language  is  of  the  Romance  type,  derived  from  the  Latin,  but 
with  many  Slavonic,  and  some  Greek,  Turkish,  and  Albanian 
words. 

Michael  Eminescu,  the  great  lyric  poet  of  Roumania 42        170 

Dora  d'Istria,  Roumanian  author  of   travel  sketches,  and  of  essays, 

literary  and  historical 42       149 

Carmen   Sylva,    queen  of   Roumania,   author  of  poems,    novels,    and 

dramas 43       512 

Franz  von  Miklosich,  the  founder  of  Slavic  philology ;  author  of  <  Com- 
parative Grammar  of  the  Slavic  Languages,^  and  <  Etymological 
Dictionary  of  the  Slavic  Languages  > 43       382 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCix 

RUSSIA 

The  earliest  rule  to  arise  where  Russia  now  has  her  chief 
seats  was  a  group  of  Norse  settlements,  under  Rurik  and  his 
brothers  in  the  ninth  century.  Kieff  on  the  Dneiper  was  their 
oldest  centre,  and  Novgorod  another  place  of  importance.  It  was 
by  way  of  Novgorod  and  Kieff  that  commerce  came  from  Scan- 
dinavia to  Constantinople.  Under  Vladimir  (980-1015)  a  powerful 
monarchy  existed,  and  under  Jaroslav,  in  the  first  half  of  the 
eleventh  century,  brilliant  developments  were  made.  Christian- 
ization  of  these  Norse  settlers  was  gradually  effected,  in  the 
ninth,  tenth,  and  eleventh  centuries,  and  the  caravans  of  mer- 
chants between  Constantinople  and  Scandinavia  made  Kieff  and 
Novgorod  notable  centres  of  wealth  and  culture.  An  invasion  by 
the  Mongols  in  the  thirteenth  century,  and  lasting  for  exaction 
of  tribute  until  near  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century,  greatly 
checked  progress.  The  Norse  ruling  family  of  Rurik  became  ex- 
tinct in  1598,  and  in  16 13  the  first  Romanoff  was  made  monarch, 
and  the  immense  expansion  of  Russian  nile  to  embrace  Siberia 
followed.  The  famous  Czar  Peter  the  Great  came  to  the  throne 
a  mere  boy  in  1682;  and  in  1689,  in  his  seventeenth  year,  he 
commenced  a  rule  which  lasted  until  1725,  and  witnessed  a  most 
remarkable  effort  to  make  Russia  a  nation  of  culture.  The 
hardly  less  remarkable  career  of  Catherine  II.  (1762-96)  carried 
on  what  Peter  the  Great  had  begun,  and  at  the  same  time  greatly 
expanded  the  limits  and  power  of  Russia,  and  made  possible  the 
eminent  position  to  which  her  nineteenth-century  rulers  have 
brought  her. 

Not  only  was  it  a  Norse  family  which  ruled  in  Russia  from 
Rurik's  time  to  1598,  but  the  Romanoff  family  was  of  Norse 
connection  on  the  female  side;  Catherine  was  a  German  woman; 
her  son  Paul's  wife,  mother  of  Alexander  I.  and  of  Nicholas  I., 
was  a  German  princess  of  Wurtemberg;  Nicholas  I.  married  a 
daughter  of  Frederick  William  III.,  of  Prussia;  his  son,  Alex- 
ander II.,  married  a  German  princess  of  Hesse-Darmstadt;  his 
son,  Alexander  III.,  married  a  Danish  princess;  and  the  present 
Czar,  Nicholas  II.,  almost  wholly  of  German  and  Danish  blood, 
is  married  to  a  Hesse-Darmstadt  princess  whose  mother  was  a 
daughter 'of  Queen  Victoria, —  thus  making  the  supreme  factor  in 
the  future  of  Russia  one  of  EngHsh-Danish -German  culture. 


CCCX  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Karamzin  in  his  great  work,  <  History,  of  Russia  >  (1816-29) ;  the  creator 

of  Russian  prose,  with  Lomonossov 43       297 

Leroy-Beaulieu's  great   work  on  <The   Empire  of  the  Tsars  and  the 

Russians  > 43       338 

Bernhardi's  <  History  of  Russia  and  of   European  Politics  during  the 

Years  1814-31  > 42         57 

D.  Mackenzie  Wallace's  able  study  of  the  country  people  and  institu- 
tions of  the  empire 45        548 

Value  of  Rambaud's  important  French  studies  of  Russian  history.  .  .  . 

30  12041-42;  43  450 

Prince  Kantemir,  in  his  popular  <  Satires,  >  the  father  of  secular  writ- 
ing in  Russia .43       297 

Lomonossov,  a  Russian  poet  and  man  of  science,  « father  of  Russian 

grammar  and  literature  ^> 43       348 

Initiation  by  Lomonossov  and  Pushkin  of  genuine  Russian  literature . 

30  1 1904,  11906;  43  445 

Kotliarevsky,  the  founder  of  modern  Little  Russian  literature 43        313 

Gogol,  « father  of  modern  Russian  realism  »  in  <  Tales  from  a  Farm- 
House,>  <The  Inspector)  (a  drama),  and  <Dead  Souls >  (a 
novel) 16   6455-61 

Russian  scenes  in  the  Pugachef 's  rebellion  under  Catherine  II 44       248 

Russian    high    life    portrayed    by    Lermontof    in    his   <Hero    of    Our 

Times  > 44  226 ;  43  337 

Koltsov,  «the  Burns  of  Russia* 43       311 

Konstantin  AksAkof,  a  noted  leader,  from  1846,  of  the  Slavophile 
party,  42  8 ;  his  father,  Sergey  Aksakof ,  notable  for  his  masterly 
portrayal  of  Russian  family  life 42  8 

Extraordinary  eminence  of  Count  Lyof  Tolstoy  as  a  narrator  of  hu- 
man experience,  delineator  of  character,  and  humanitarian  inter- 
preter of  life 37   14985-94 

Distinction  of  Turgeneff  as  a  representative  in  other  lands  of  Russian 
fiction  at  its  best,  37  15059;  his  studies  of  Russian  life  and  char- 
acter, 44  223;  his  sketches  of  peasant  and  serf  life  in  1852,  44 
167 ;  43  534 ;  his  study  of  Nihilism 45       473 

Dostoevsky,  the  most  characteristically  national  of  Russian  writers; 
the  great  middle  class  his  special  domain,  12  4779;  his  <  Notes 
from  the  House  of  the  Dead,>  a  picture  of  life  in  Siberia 12      4783 

Gonchardf's  great  novel,  <Obl6mof,>  a  remarkable  reflection  of  pecu- 
liar Russian  conditions  and  characteristics 16     6534 

Dmitriyev's  <Jermak,  Conqueror  of  Siberia,  >  an  epico-dramatic  poem  42        146 

Prince  Wolkonsky's  concise  sketch  of  Russian  lyric  poetry  in  its  chief 
representatives,  Pushkin,  Lermontov,  Nekrassov,  Zoukovsky,  Koz- 
lov,  Tutchev,  Homiakoff,  Maykov,  Tolstoy,  Polonsky,  Sheashin, 
Apukhtin 32   1 2583-90 

Maikov,  probably  the  first  of  living  Russian  poets 43       363 

Admirable  Russian  translation  of  La  Fontaine,  by  Dmitriyev 42        146 

Paul  Louis  Leger's  studies  of  Slav  topics  as  a  professor  in  Paris  ....43       333 

Custine's  important  report  of  travels  in  Russia 42       127 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCxi 

Karnovitch's  <  Russia's  Part  in  the  Deliverance  of  the  Christians  from 

Turkey's  Yoke  > 4  3       298 

Sir  Henry  Rawlinson's  < England  and  Russia  in  the  East' 43       452 

Merimee's  critical  notices  of  Gogol,  Pushkin,  and  Turgeneff,  initiated 

European  interest  in  Russian  literature 25      9945 

Story    by   ^<  Henri    Greville »    (Madame    Durand)    picturing    Russian 
home  life,  45  506;  her  Russian  experiences  presented  in  a  series 

of  novels 42        233 

George  Kennan's  story  of  <Tent  Life  in  Siberia' 44       324 

Stepniak's  story  of  ^  Underground  Russia ' 44       323 


SCOTLAND 

The  Scotland  of  history  was  in  its  eastern  part  the  land  of  the 
Picts  during  the  five  and  a  half  centuries  from  A.  D.  296  to  A.  D. 
844.  It  is  a  mooted  question  whether  they  were  Celts  or  not, 
and  whence  they  came.  The  Scots  were  a  Celtic  race  in  Ireland, 
who  colonized  the  western  part  of  Scotland  perhaps  as  early  as 
A.  D.  400,  and  centuries  after  gave  their  name  to  a  united  king- 
dom of  Picts  and  Scots.  The  famous  Patrick  was  a  Scot,  born 
in  the  Scottish  colony  in  Pictland;  carried  to  Ireland  as  a  slave; 
and  by  escape  to  Rome  educated  to  service  of  the  Church.  He 
went  from  Rome  to  Ireland  early  in  the  fifth  century,  and  was 
remarkably  successful,  not  only  in  converting  Ireland  to  Christ- 
ianity, but  in  arousing  a  missionary  spirit  in  his  converts,  which 
caused  them  to  carry  their  faith  over  to  Britain  and  to  all  parts 
of  Europe.  One  of  Patrick's  converts  was  a  Prince  Fergus,  who 
migrated  to  Scotland  in  the  last  years  of  the  fifth  century,  and 
was  the  first  prince  of  British  Scots  to  leave  a  record  in  history. 
Under  his  grandson,  in  563,  Columba  came  over  from  Ireland 
on  a  mission  to  the  heathen  Picts  in  the  north  of  the  island. 
The  southern  Picts  had  been  converted  a  century  and  a  half 
earlier  by  Ninian,  who  had  been  to  Rome,  and  had  there  received 
consecration  from  the  Pope.  The  work  of  Columba  not  only  pros- 
pered, but  it  supplied  missionaries  to  the  English,  whose  admir- 
able method  made  them  wonderfully  successful.  Under  Malcolm 
(1057-93)  an  English  princess  was  the  Scottish  queen,  and  not 
only  English  speech  and  customs  were  introduced,  but  many  Eng- 
lish colonists.  The  half  English  son  of  Malcolm,  Edgar,  and  his 
brothers  after  him,  greatly  promoted  Scottish  progress.  The  third 
son    especially  of   Queen    Margaret,    David,    who   ruled    Scotland 


CCCxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

from  1124  to  1 1 53,  was  to  his  own  land  what  Alfred  had  been  to 
England.  Not  only  were  the  Celtic  half  barbarous  people  im- 
proved by  education  and  church  extension,  but  English,  Flemish, 
and  Norman  colonies  were  planted  so  extensively  as  to  establish 
the  predominance  of  Teutonic  language  and  blood,  which  now 
makes  the  Scotch  more  kindred  to  the  English  and  German  peo- 
ples than  to  the  Irish.  By  introducing  written  law  also,  and  a 
church  system  in  place  of  the  Irish  monastic  system,  David  broadly 
laid  the  foundations  on  which  Scotland  ultimately  became  one  of 
the  foremost  nations  of  culture.  The  early  Scottish  language, 
therefore,  as  it  was  used  in  the  fifteenth  century,  did  not  differ 
appreciably  from  English  of  the  type  known  as  Northern  Middle. 
Of  the  Scotch  of  to-day  there  are  reckoned  three  main  dialects, 
Border  Scotch,  Central  Scotch,  and  Northeastern  Scotch,  to  which 
may  be  added  the  Insular  Scotch  of  the  Orkney  and  Shetland 
Isles.  In  early  Scotch  writing  Chaucer  became  even  more  than 
in  England  a  model  and  master  to  the  poets;  and  from  Barbour's 
<  Bruce  ^  about  1375,  and  the  ^Quair*  or  *Book'  of  King  James  I., 
1423,   Scotch  literature  enters  distinctly  into  modern  English. 

Barbour's  great  epic  of  <  The  Bruce  ^ 42  42 

William  Dunbar  court   minstrel  to  James   IV. ,  an  unrivaled  Scottish 

poet 12      5064 

Robert  Aytoun  the  first  Scottish  poet  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey.  .3  1107 
John  Barclay  (1582-1621),  a  Scottish  poet,  author  of  important  books 

in  Latin 42         42 

Allan   Ramsay's    <The   Gentle   Shepherd,  >  a  poetical  embodiment  of 

rustic  Scotland,  written  in  the  language  of  the  peasantry 30    12062 

Eminently   able    and   humanitarian    studies    in   political    economy  by 

Adam  Smith 34   135 19-23 

Macpherson's  <  Ancient  Epic  Poem,  Fingal,'  depicting  Scottish  char- 
acter and  scenes ■ 45       377 

The  Lowland  Scot  character  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  33   12999;  his  poems, 

novels,  and  other  works 33    13000-02 

William  Motherwell's  poetic  and  critical  distinction 26    10365 

Scottish  real  life   depicted   by  John   Gait  in  ^Annals  of  the   Parish,  > 

44  273;  the  same  in  Lockhart's  <Adam  Blair  > 44       273 

Lady  Nairne's  humorous  and  Jacobite  songs   of  unsurpassed  lyrical 

excellence 27  10543-45 

Brilliant   career    of   John   Wilson    as   the    Christopher    North    of   the 

<  Noctes  Ambrosianse  > 39   16032,   16033 

Aytoun's  -^  Lays  *  on   incidents   of  Scottish    history,    and    <  Ballads   of 

Scotland  * 3   mo,  1112 

Jane  Porter's  historical  romance  of  <The  Scottish  Chiefs  > 45       442 

Vivid  and  dramatic  Scottish  scenes  in  Reade's  <  Christie   Johnstone  >.  4  4       283 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCxiii 

Scottish  rural  characters  and  life  in  Barrie's  <Auld  Licht   Idylls, >     44 

274;  and  in  the  same  author's  <A  Window  in  Thrums  > 45       471 

Instances  of  exceptionally  Scottish  literary  work 10     4208 

Preeminent  importance  and  influence  to  the  recent  Scottish  Church 

of  Doctor  Chalmers  and  Norman  Macleod 24     9495 

Balfour  Stewart,  Scotch    physicist,  one  of  the  founders   of  spectrum 

analysis 43        506 

Extraordinary  charm  and   art  of  Robert   Louis   Stevenson  as  a  poet 

and  romancer 35   13927-35 

Buchanan's  poems,  plays,  critical  essays,  and  novels 42         80 

Scotch  origin  of  Andrew  Lang      22      8880 


SERVIA 

One  of  the  countries  of  the  Balkan  peninsula,  lying  south  of 
Hungary  across  the  Danube,  with  Bulgaria  and  Roumania  on  the 
east,  Bosnia  on  the  west,  and  Turkey  on  the  south;  one  of  the 
lands  recently  (1878)  .delivered  from  subjection  to  Turkey.  The 
Servians  occupied  Servia,  with  Bosnia  and  Herzegovinia,  about 
638  A.  D.,  and  within  a  short  time  accepted  Christianity  under 
teaching  from  Constantinople.  Down  to  1356  development  pros- 
pered, but  from  1371-89  subjection  to  the  despotic  rule  of  the 
Sultan  lasted  down  to  17 18, —  and  further  from  1739  to  1804, 
when  the  long  patriot  struggle  began,  which,  by  favor  of  Russian 
and  other  help,  at  last  secured  independence. 

Vuk  Stefanovotch  Karadzic,  the  great  literary  reformer  of  the  Servian 
language;  author  of  an  epoch-making  <Dictionary,>  and  of  a 
great  collection  of  <  Popular  Serb   Songs  > ;  stands  as  the  /ounder 

of  modern  Servian  literature 43        297 

Stanko  Vraz,  a  Croato-Servian  poet 43        553 

Ivan  Mazuranic,  the  greatest  of  Croato-Servian  poets 43       376 


SPAIN 

To  THE  most  ancient  world  known  to  history,  that  whose  seats 
were  in  the  valley  of  the  Euphrates,  the  West  was  the  region 
between  that  valley  and  the  east  end  of  the  Mediterranean. 
Abraham's  ^<  Ur  of  the  Chaldees,*^  at  the  border  looking  out  upon 
that  region,  was  in  the  extreme  West  to  the  dweller  at  Eridu, 
in  the  southeast  of  Babylonia;    and  Palestine,  to  which  Abraham 


CCCxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

journeyed,  was  the  Far  West  of  travel  and  trade.  The  cities  of 
Phoenicia,  with  their  shipping  reaching  out  upon  the  Mediterra- 
nean, were  the  Great  West  of  that  Oriental  world.  In  the  next 
stage  of  world  development,  that  of  Greece  and  Rome  and 
Carthage,  the  Far  West  moved  toward  the  setting  sun  to  a  strange 
and  barbarous  land,  where  the  voyager  passed  through  ^^The  Pil- 
lars of  Hercules  ^^  into  the  wholly  unknown  Atlantic.  Phoenician 
trade,  and  to  some  extent  colonization,  had  alone  interfered  with 
the  barbarous  Celts  and  Iberians  of  the  nearer  coasts  of  this 
land,  now  the  south  of  Spain,  during  the  hundreds  of  years  pre- 
ceding the  wars  of  Rome  against  Carthage,  which  was  a  younger 
Phoenicia.  After  the  first  Punic  war  Hamilcar,  the  father  of  the 
celebrated  Hannibal,  undertook,  in  237  B.  C,  the  planting  in 
Spain  of  a  colony,  which  might  serve  as  a  basis  of  operations 
against  Rome.  His  successor,  Hasdrubal,  a  son-in-law,  founded 
^*  New  Carthage,'^  as  the  capital  of  this  Far  West  Phoenicia;  and 
his  famous  son,  Hannibal,  began  his  career,  and  the  Second 
Punic  war,  by  advancing  beyond  the  Ebro  to  the  conquest  of 
almost  all  Spain,  including  a  Greek  colony  of  Saguntum,  over 
which  Rome  had  a  protectorate.  After  six  years  of  hard  fighting 
by  Rome  to  turn  back  Carthaginian  conquest,  ending  in  the  de- 
feat and  death  of  the  two  Scipios  commanding  against  Hannibal, 
Africanus,  the  son  of  one  of  these,  efi^ected  the  capture  of  New 
Carthage,  with  the  result  that  five  years  later,  A.  D.  205,  Rome 
had  displaced  Carthage  as  the  nominal  possessor  of  Spain.  Two 
centuries  were  required  to  make  the  country  thoroughly  subject, 
not  only  to  the  power,  but  to  the  culture,  of  Rome ;  and  for  more 
than  400  years,  or  from  19  B.  C.  to  409  A.  D.,  Roman  Spain 
knew  no  interruption  to  peace  and  prosperity,  except  a  single  raid 
by  Prankish  invaders,  in  256  A.  D.  In  the  time  of  Augustus,  at 
the  dawn  of  the  Christian  era,  the  south  of  Spain  was  thoroughly 
Romanized;  both  its  speech  and  its  manners  were  Latin;  its 
chief  cities  were  rapidly  prosperous;  its  schools  and  scholars  were 
famous;  only  Italy  was  more  Roman  than  Spain.  But  with  409 
A.  D.,  an  immense  invasion  of  savage  barbarians  not  only  over- 
threw the  Roman  power,  but  overwhelmed  the  population  with 
every  horror  of  relentless  ravage.  Commerce  and  civilization 
thoroughly  established,  cities  ranking  among  the  finest  and  rich- 
est in  the  Roman  world,  were  swept  out  of  existence.  At  the 
end  of  six  years,  one  nation  of  invaders,  the  Visigoths,  nominally 
allied  with    Rome,   successfully  undertook  the  suppression  of  the 


TOPICS   AND  CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCXV 

others,— the  earliest  instance  of  union  of  Latin  and  German,  and 
in  fact  the  beginning  of  the  modern  world  as  successor  to  the 
Roman.  The  Visigothic  or  West  Gothic  kingdom  thus  estab- 
lished was  nominally  Christian,  and  it  soon  became  independent, 
yet  without  discarding  Roman  institutions,  ideas,  and  manners. 
Under  King  Recared  (586-589),  it  became  Catholic,  and  was  oc- 
cupied in  every  part  by  richly  endowed  churches  and  monasteries, 
and  undertook  a  savage  persecution  of  the  multitudes  of  Jews, 
who  had  been  long  settled  in  Spain.  The  church  became  in  the 
highest  degree  the  inspirer  and  guide  of  'national  culture  with 
many  results  conducive  to  the  general  welfare,  but  not  without 
the  disadvantages  attendant  upon  extreme  enforcement  of  a  sys- 
tem of  faith  and  worship.  The  dawn  of  the  eighth  century  wit- 
nessed the  Arab  invasion  and  rapid  conquest  of  Spain,  with 
results  which  were  not  even  nominally  terminated  until  the  final 
extinction  of  the  Moorish  power  in  Spain  by  the  conquest  of 
Granada,  in  1492,  There  did  indeed  begin,  within  a  short  time 
of  the  Arab  conquest,  the  formation  in  the  extreme  north  of  a 
refuge  against  Arab  power,  which  grew  into  the  Christian  king- 
dom of  Leon.  Early  in  the  next  century  Barcelona,  with  Prankish 
support,  drove  the  Arabs  beyond  the  Ebro.  Other  developments 
followed,  and  led  up  to  the  formation  of  the  two  great  Christian 
states  of  Castile  and  Aragon,  in  the  middle  of  the  eleventh  cen- 
tury, at  a  moment  when  Arab  rule  in  Spain  had  become  broken 
up  into  a  number  of  rival  powers.  It  was  at  this  time  that  the 
famous  Christian  champion  appeared,  with  the  epic  story  of  whom, 
*The  Poem  of  the  Cid,*  Spanish  literature  begins.  A  most  im- 
portant point  for  the  estimate  of  Spanish  culture  is  the  extent  to 
which  the  race  is  Celtic,  and  thus  intensely  impressionable,  subject 
to  influences  such  as  those  of  race  antagonism  growing  into  aver- 
sion to  labor,  because  the  alien  (African)  Moors  were  the  laboring 
class,  and  extreme  religious  rigor,  created  by  the  an ti- Moslem 
experience  of  centuries,  and  involving  not  only  the  most  relent- 
less persecution  of  heretics,  but  limitless  cruelties  of  conquest, 
slaughter,  or  enslavement,  of  non-Christian  races.  The  language  of 
Spanish  literature  proper  is  the  Castilian,  which  is  spoken  in  about 
three-fourths  of  Spain,  its  truly  Spanish  parts.  The  Galician, 
which  closely  resembles  the  Portuguese,  is  the  tongue  of  a  people 
very  unlike  the  typical  Spaniard;  and  Catalan  speech  is  Spanish 
Provengal,  spoken  by  a  people  who  but  little  possess  true  Spanish 
characteristics. 


CCCXvi  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

It  was  800  years  after  the  overthrow  of  Roman  rule  in  Spain 
before  native  Spanish  authors  gave  up   Latin  as  the  language  of 

culture  and  began  to  write  books  in  their  own  vernacular.  This 
vernacular  is  wholly  Latin  in  syntax,  and  fully  seven-tenths 
Latin  in  vocabulary. 

The  earliest  monument  of  this  Spanish,  and  the  first  Spanish 
literary  work,  is  the  ^  Poema  de  Myo  Cid  \  dating  from  the  latter 
half  of  the  twelfth  century. 

Spain  as  «  The  Far  West » 17  6874 

Important  national  work  of  Alfonso  the  Wise;  his  great   services  to 

Spanish  law  and  literature i  383-86 14213 

Coppee's  < History  of  the  Conquest  of  Spain  by  the  Arab  Moors >.  ..  .42  120 

Brilliant  period  of  Arab  culture  in  Spain 2  671 

Library  of  400,000  volumes  collected   by   Hakim    II.,  Arab  ruler   in 

Spain 2  671 

Irving's  <The  Alhambra,*  a  most  notable  picture  of  Old  Spain 44  277 

Ibn-al-Avvam's  story  of  the  Arabs  in   Spain,   in  a  book  on  agricul- 

,    ture 44  157 

A  second  Fatherland  to  the  Jews  under  Arabic  rule 17  6869 

The  disruption  of  Arabic  power  in  Spain 9  3725 

Perez  de  Hita's  < History  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  Granada,^  and  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  Moors  from  Spain 42  266 

Pulgar's  <  Chronicle  >  of  the  reign  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella 43  444 

<The  Poem  of  My  Cid,^  the  earliest  monument  of  Spanish  literature.  9  3730 

Llorente's  <  Critical  History  of  the  Spanish  Inquisition  > 43  346 

Florez's  <  Sacred  Spain, >  a  history  of  the  Church  in  Spain 42  192 

Spanish  treatment  of  natives  of  islands  discovered  by  Columbus  .  .44    219,  220 

Las  Casas's  account  of  Columbus  and  of  Spanish  <  Ruin  of  the  Indies  > .  8  3334 
Irving's  *  Christopher  Columbus,^  44  165;  Helps's  <Life  of  Hernando 

Cortez  > 4  4  165 

Prescott's  <  Ferdinand  and   Isabella,  >  30    11769;    44    98;    Isabella  and 
Columbus  particularly  celebrated   by   Prescott,   44    98 ;   Prescott's 

<  Philip  II.> 30  11770 

Spanish  conquest  of  Mexico  narrated  by  Castillo 11  4613 

Heredia's  translation  into  French  of    Bernal  Diaz  del  Castillo's  <  Con- 
quests in  New  Spain  > 18  7277 

Motley  on  the  abdication  of  Charles  V.,  26    10380;   on  the   Spanish 

Armada 26  10390,  10397 

Literary  stagnation  in  Spain  under  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  and  under 

Charles  V 5  2203 

A  survival  of  Middle-Age  civilization 2  704 

Buckle  on  Spanish  practice  of  persecution 6  2681 

Ferreras's  <  History  of  Spain  to  1598,'  an  authoritative  work 42  185 

Gayangos  y  Arce's  ^Memorial  History  of  Spain> 42  211 

A  recent  < General  History  of  Spain,*  edited  by  Cdnovas 42  93 

Napier's  <  History  of  the  War  in  the  Peninsula  > 43  401 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCXVii 

Le  Sage's  pictures  in  <Gil  Blas>  of  Spanish  life  about  171 5 44         99 

Extraordinary  energy,  fertility,  and  comprehensive  Spanish  realism  of 

the  dramas  of  Lope  de  Vega 38  15287-90 

Cueva,  one  of  the  founders  of  Spanish  national  drama 42        126 

Diez's  <  Old  Spanish  Romances  > 42        i45 

Ticknor's  comprehensive  and  accurate  <  History  of  Spanish  Literature  > 

an  unsurpassed  work 43  526 ;  4  5   508 

Lathrop's  study  of  the  Spain  of  to-day 45        5o8 

George  Borrow's  account  of  adventures  in  Spain,  45  380;  his  account 

of  the  gipsies 5  2189-203 ;  4  5  469 

Latour's  French  studies  of  Spain,  the  land  and   the   people;  a  series 

in  ten  volumes 43    '   329 

The  old  Spanish  spirit  represented  in  fine  novels  by  Caballero.   7  3002;  42  87 
Conspicuous  place  of  Zorrilla  as  a  singer  of  Spain's  departed  grandeur; 

at  the  time  of  his  death  the  leading  poet  of  his  country .  39  16325-27 ;  43   599 
Distinction  of  Juan    Valera    as    a    scholar,  critical    essayist,  novelist, 

and  statesman 3  7   15220-23 ;  43  541 

Remarkably  original  realism  of   Pereda's  novels  devoted  to  Northern 

Spain 29   11305;  43  423 

A  study  of  the  spirit  of  Spain  in  Galdos's  <Dofia  Perfecta^ 44       221 

John  Hay's  picture  of  the  life  of  Spain  in  <  Castilian  Days  > 18   7098 ;  4  4  220 

Conspicuous  position  of  Madame  Pardo-Bazan  in  Spanish  fiction 

28    1 1025;  43  416 

Distinction  of  Valdes  as  the  most  entertaining,  natural,  and  satisfac- 
tory of  the  later  Spanish  novelists 37  15199-203;  43   541 

Pereda,  Valdes,  Galdos,  and  Valera,  a  liberalizing,  stimulating  influ- 
ence in  their  novels,    15  6155;  their  tone  towards  the  Church  not 

destructive,  but  severely  critical 15     6157 

Alarcon's  picture  of  modern  Spanish  society i  263 ;  4  2  9 


SWEDEN 

Sweden  entered  upon  distinction  in  literature  with  the  intro- 
duction of  the  Reformation,  the  translation  of  the  Bible  into 
Swedish,  and  the  impulse  to  general  progress  given  by  Gustavus 
Adolphus.  Swedish  journalism  dates  from  the  time  of  the  Thirty 
Years'  War.  In  the  eighteenth  century  Sweden  attained  European 
distinction  in  science,  chemistry  especially  and  botany;  and  entered 
upon  a  Golden  Age  under  Gustavus  III.  and  IV.  (i  771-1809), 
introductory  to  brilliant  developments  in  the  nineteenth  century. 

Olof  von  Dalin,  « father  of  modern  Swedish  literature, >>  42  129;  his 
immense  influence  in  transforming  Swedish  culture,  i  o  4278,  4279 ; 
his  <  History  of  the  Kingdom  of  Sweden  > 10  4279 ;  42  129 


CCCXviii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF    THE    PRINCIPAL 

Emanuel  Swedenborg,  one  of  the  most  notable  precursors  of  modern 
science,    and   especially  famous   as  the  originator  of   a  religious 

system  of  high  character 36  14237-43 

Brilliant  scientific  career  of  Linnaeus 23  9079 ;  4  3  344 

King  Gustavus  III.  and  Bellman,  the  Swedish  poet,  devoted  companions .  4        1764 
Voltaire's    masterly   sketch   of    Swedish   history   and    Life   of   Charles 

^11 4  5   351;  4  3   552 

Geijer's  <  History  of  the  Swedish    People  >  and  <  History  of   the   State 

of  Sweden  from  1718  to  1772  > ' 42       212 

Peter  Henrik  Ling,  founder  of  Swedish  gymnastics 43       343 

The  three  greatest  Swedish  poets,  Bellman,  Runeberg,  and  Tegner.  . 

36   14563 ;  43  473 

Notable    impression   made   upon    Swedish    literature  and  thought  by 

Esaias  Tegner. 36   14563-66 

Atterbom's  eminence  as  a  lyric  poet,  and  efforts  to  free  Swedish  lit- 
erature from  French  influence 2    933-42 

Johan  Ludvig  Runeberg,  a  native  of  Finland,  the  greatest  name  in 
Swedish  literature,  .32  12495;  the  < Tales  of  Ensign  Stal,>  stories 
of  the  Russian  conquest  of  Finland,  his  greatest  work,  12498;  his 
poem,  <Vart  Land>  (Our  Country),  the  Swedish  and  Finnish  na- 
tional  song,    12499;   over   sixty   hymns   written    by    him   for  the 

official  Lutheran  hymn  book  of  Finland 32   12499 ;  4  3  473 

Arndt's  <  History  of  Serfdom  in   Sweden  > 2  813 ;  4  2  25 

Exceptional  excellence  of  the  romances  of  Almquist;  socialistic  sym- 
pathy shown  in  his  novels i     439-46 

Fryxell's  admirable  <  Stories  from  Swedish  History  > 42       204 

Carlson's  interesting  and  exhaustively  accurate  < History  of  Sweden '.4 2         95 
Notable  series  of  Swedish  and  Finnish  historical  tales,  by  Topelius.  .43        529 
Fredrika   Bremer,    Madame    Emilia   Carl6n,    Marie   Sophie   Schwartz, 
Rosa  Carlen,  Madame  Anne  Edgren,  and  «  Ernst  Ahlgren  »  (Vic- 
toria Benedictsson),  notable  women  writers  of  Sweden 

6   2328;  8  3225;  43  486;  42  94;   13   5162;  42   7 


SWITZERLAND 

A  MAINLY  German,  partly  French,  and  in  small  part  Italian 
mountain  country  at  the  centre  of  Europe,  between  Germany, 
Austria,  France,  and  Italy;  of  special  German  interest  in  matters 
of  culture,  but  largely  also  in  close  relation  with  France;  histor- 
ically famous  as  a  home  of  freedom  and  land  of  democracy. 

Career  of  John  Calvin  at  Geneva 42         89 

Ulrich  Zwingli,  a  famous  Swiss  reformer;  one  of  the  foremost  leaders 

with  Luther  and  Calvin  of  the  Reformation 43       600 

Theodore  Zwinger,  a  famous  Swiss  physician,  scholar,  and  professor 

of  Greek 43       600 


TOPICS   AND    CHIEF   LINES   OF    INTEREST  CCCxix 

Bodmer,  a  notable  Swiss  scholar  and  literary  critic ;   editor  of  a  pub- 
lication, about  1750,  which  first  made  English  literature  known  to 

Germans 5  2128-32 ;  4  2  64 

Johann   Zschokke,    a   German-Swiss  author  of   semi-religious  works, 

novels,  dramas,  and  histories 43  599 

J.  H.  Merle  D'Aubigne,  Swiss  author  of  a  noted  <  History  of  the  Ref- 
ormation > 42  133 

Victor  Cherbuliez's  birth  and  early  career  at  Geneva 42  106 

Pestalozzi,  a  Swiss  educator,  notable  as  an  educational  reformer 43  425 

Vattel,  a  Swiss  jurist ;  his  great  work  on  <  The  Law  of  Nations  *  ....  4  3  543 

Swiss  birth  of  Rousseau,  at  Geneva 43  470 

Swiss  residence  of  Edward  Gibbon,  the  eminent  English  historian  ...16  6272 

Swiss  birth  and  early  education  of  the  eminent  naturalist,  Agassiz  ..42  7 


SYRIA 

The  great  historic  region  lying  between  the  east  end  of  the 
Mediterranean  and  the  valley  of  the  Euphrates;  extending  south 
towards  Arabia  and  the  peninsula  of  Sinai  and  north  to  the  Mt. 
Taurus  region;  in  early  historical  records  the  land,  as  to  its 
northern  part,  of  the  Hittites,  a  great  and  warlike  race;  as  to 
its  middle  coast  part,  of  the  Phoenicians,  a  great  commercial 
people;  and,  as  to  its  southern  part,  of  the  Hebrews,  after  their 
dispossession  of  the  Canaanite  kindred  of  the  Phoenicians;  a  land, 
moreover,  through  which  both  commerce  and  conquest  made 
a  highway  from  the  southwest  to  the  northeast;  Egypt  from  one 
direction  and  Assyria  from  the  other,  either  passing  for  trade  or 
meeting  in  the  clash  of .  rival  empires ;  and  the  greater  dominance 
of  Assyria,  over  the  Hebrews  especially,  causing  the  name  Syria  to 
become  that  by  which  the  Greeks  knew  it.  Persian  dominance 
succeeded  to  Assyrian;  and  Greek  came  with  Alexander  the 
Great  and  his  successors,  and  lasted  until  Pompey's  conquest  in 
65  B.  C.  gave  it  to  Rome,  under  whom  it  advanced  to  great 
prosperity,  in  industry  and  commerce,  wealth  and  magnificence  of 
its  many  cities,  and  wide  diffusion  of  culture.  Its  capital,  Anti- 
och,  was  the  second  city  of  the  world.  Under  the  Greek  empire 
of  Constantinople  and  even  under  the  Arab  conquest  from  636 
A.  D.,  and  the  Egyptian  rule  which  followed,  there  was  no  over- 
throw of  prosperity.  Mongol  invasion  in  1260  wrought  great 
injury,  but  absolute  ruin  befell  only  when  the  Turks  got,  in 
15 16,   the    possession   which    they    still    maintain.      The    Christian 


CCCXX  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Chtirch  of  the  early  centuries  was  notably  strong  and  prosperous, 
until  theological  quarrels  weakened  it,  and  Mohammedan  conquest 
almost  destroyed  it. 

Publilius  Syrus,  a  Syrian  writer  of  farces  at  Rome,  and  notable  actor, 

in  the  first  century  B.  C 43  443 

Burton's  travels  in  Syria;  his  < Unexplored  Palestine > 42  85 

Eugene  de  Vogue's  < Syria,  Palestine,  Mount  Athos > 43  551 

Charles    de    Vogiie's    <  Civil    and    Religious    Architecture   in    Central 

Syria,  from  the  First  to  the  Sixth  Century  > 43  551 

Sir  J.  W,  Dawson's  ^  Egypt  and  Syria  > 42  135 

Famous  schools  of   learning  and  Aristotle's  writings  in  Syriac  during 

several  centuries 2  792 

Eusebius   Pamphili,   Greek   Syrian   bishop  at   Caesarea  in  315  A.  D. ; 

the  <<  father  of  ecclesiastical  history  » 42  174 

George  Rawlinson's  <  Phoenicia  * 43  452 

Wm.  C.  Prime's  <  Tent  Life  in  the  Holy  Land  > 43  441 

William  Ware's  <Zenobia ;  or,  The  Fall  of  Palmyra  > 43  561 

Kinglake's  <  Eothen ;    or  Traces  of  Travel    Brought   Home  from   the 

East> 43  305 


TURKEY 

The  earliest  known  Turks  appear  to  have  been  a  branch  of 
the  same  race  as  the  Mongols.  Those  of  the  Turkey  of  today 
have  largely  lost  their  original  race  characteristics,  and  become 
practically  Caucasian  through  becoming  merged  with  the  peoples 
amongst  whom  they  settled.  The  Turks  now  under  the  rule  of 
the  Sultan  of  Turkey  are  known  as  the  Osmanlis,  descended  from 
a  branch  whose  chief  was  Osman.  There  are  estimated  to  be 
about  six  millions  of  them.  Of  the  same  general  race  as  the 
Osmanlis  (called  also  Ottoman)  were  Attila  and  the  Huns,  whose 
career  was  one  of  fierce  ravage  from  Constantinople  to  the  Rhine, 
in  the  years  434-53.  Of  the  same  race  were  the  Bulgarians,  who 
possessed  themselves  of  the  larger  part  of  the  Balkan  peninsula, 
and  the  Magyars  who  settled  in  Pannonia,  in  865.  These  became 
Christian  and  helped  to  make  early  Europe.  Others  of  the  same 
race  waged  frequent  war  upon  the  Mohammedan  Caliphs  of  Bag- 
dad, and  ultimately  became  not  only  the  mercenary  soldiery,  but 
the  virtual  masters  of  these  rulers.  By  the  end  of  the  tenth  cen- 
tury they  had  adopted  the  Mohammedan  faith  and  had  become 
widely  organized  as  a  new  power  in  Asia.     Their  race  established 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCXxi 

a  kingdom  in  Northern  China,  in  1004.  In  the  same  year  another 
great  Turkish  state  was  established  in  India  and  Afghanistan. 
Shortly  after,  Seljuk  founded  a  united  Turkish  state  in  Central 
Asia,  which  became,  under  his  grandson,  Togrul  Beg,  the  greatest 
of  Asiatic  powers.  Togrul  conquered  Persia,  occupied  Bagdad, 
in  1055,  and  claimed  to  be  the  Mohammedan  Sultan  of  both  the 
East  and  the  West.  He  attacked  Armenia,  and  his  successor, 
Alp  Arslan  (1063-72),  subjugated  and  enslaved  both  the  Armenians 
and  the  Georgians.  These  Turks,  thus  setting  up  as  Mohamme- 
dans and  threatening  the  Christian  lands  with  conquest,  were 
nothing  more  than  brutal  soldiers  who  found  in  Mohammedanism 
religious  sanction  for  their  aptitude  in  ravage  and  massacre. 
Whatever  of  civilization,  statecraft,  commerce,  poetry,  romance, 
law  or  architecture,  the  Arab  Moslems  had  developed,  they  took 
no  note  of,  save  as,  barbarous  and  unteachable  soldiers,  they 
overwhelmed  whatever  culture  they  encountered  under  their  own 
brutal  and  hopeless  barbarism.  Devastating  with  fiendish  cruelty 
the  border-lands  of  the  Greek  Empire,  after  winning  in  Armenia 
the  first  great  pitched  battle  between  Turks  and  Greeks,  they 
soon  became  masters  of  all  the  interior  of  Asia  Minor,  the  best 
part  of  the  Empire,  and  in  1074  destroyed  by  fire  the  Asiatic 
suburbs  of  Constantinople.  Ten  years  later  Antioch,  the  greatest 
of  Eastern  cities,  was  taken  by  the  Turks.  The  empire  thus 
established  fell  to  pieces  about  the  year  1300,  under  the  onslaught 
of  hordes  of  invading  Mongols;  and  when  ten  Turkish  dynasties 
sprang  up,  a  series  of  political  events  eventually  merged  all  of 
these  in  one  under  Osman,  whose  descendants,  to  the  number  of 
thirty-four,  have  succeeded  him  as  Sultans  of  Turkey,  without 
break  in  the  succession  down  to  the  present  time.  Osman  was 
born  in  Asia  Minor  at  Sugut,  in  1258,  and  first  appeared  as 
Turkish  Sultan,  in  the  year  1301.  Five  Sultans  had  followed 
Osman  when  Mohammed  II.,  the  seventh  of  the  line,  became 
Sultan  in  1451,  and  in  the  spring  of  1453  effected  the  capture  of 
Constantinople,  thus  putting  an  end  to  the  Greek  Empire  of  the 
East,  and  converting  what  had  long  been  the  most  splendid  city 
in  the  world  into  the  permanent  capital  of  Mohammedan  barbar- 
ism. Turkish  history  has  not  been  without  characters,  both 
intellectually  and  morally  worthy  of  respect  and  admiration,  and 
had  the  Ottoman  Turks  embraced  Christianity  instead  of  Islam 
they  might  have  risen  to  a  position  worthy  of  the  modern  world. 


CCCXxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

From  Mohammedanism  they  have  drawn  a  sanction  for  depravity 
and  degradation,  and  for  the  venting  of  race  or  religious  spleen 
in  inconceivable  atrocities  and  indiscriminate  massacre,  which 
maintains  the  worst  organization  of  crime  known  to  the  history 
of  power  without  culture. 

Zinkeisen's  <  History  of  the  Ottoman  Empire  in  Europe  > 43  597 

Karl  Miiller's  <The  Turks  before  Ravenna  > 4  3  395 

Alfonso  the  Wise  on  the  origin  and  customs  of  the  Turks i  387 

Mesihi,  a  famous  Turkish  poet  of  the  fourteenth  century 43  380 

Ibrahim  of  Aleppo,  a  famous  Ottoman  compiler  of  a  code  of  laws ...  4  2  282 

Lami'i,  a  notable  Turkish  poet  and  prose  writer  about  1530 43  323 

Baki,  the  greatest  lyric  poet  of  Turkey  (died  about  1600) 42  38 

Ivan    Gundulic's   great   poem    <Osman,>  an  epic   of  the  career   of   a 

Turkish  sultan 42  240 

Leitner's  work  on  the  <  Races  of  Turkey  >     43  334 

Ziver  Pasha,  a  Turkish  poet  and  imperial  functionary 43  597 


TOPICS    AND    CHIEF    LINES   OF    INTEREST  CCCXxiii 


THE   GREAT  CITIES   OF  THE   WORLD 

Of  Importance  for  Special  Mention  in  Connection  with  the 
Literature  of  all  Ages  and  all  Lands. 


Alexandria :  a  world-capital  founded  in  Egypt  by  Alexander 
of  Macedon  about  the  end  of  332  or  early  in  331  B.  C.  Coming 
to  the  throne  not  yet  twenty  years  of  age,  in  ^^6  B.  C,  Alexander 
had  destroyed  Thebes  in  Greece,  overawed  Athens,  beaten  a  Per- 
sian army  in  Asia  Minor,  overwhelmed  with  defeat  an  immense 
Persian  host  under  Daris  himself,  taken  Damascus  and  all  the 
neighbor  cities  of  Syria,  conquered  and  destroyed  Phoenicia's 
great  stronghold,  rich  and  splendid  Tyre,  and  swept  Persian 
power  out  of  Egypt,  when  he  tarried  at  the  point  west  of  the 
most  western  mouth  of  the  Nile  where  an  island  off  the  shore 
had  had  a  notable  lighthouse  erected  tipon  it,  and  had  a  Greek 
architect  make  a  magnificent  plan  for  a  monumental  city  to  bear 
his  name.  In  its  two  chief  central  avenues,  crossing  each  other 
at  right  angles  in  a  great  square;  with  fine  houses,  temples,  and 
public  buildings;  its  palaces,  museum  and  famous  library;  its 
grand  theatre,  beautiful  gymnasium,  magnificent  Greek  and  Egyp- 
tian temples,  splendid  race-course,  and  great  Necropolis,  Alexandria 
at  once  became  the  Greek  capital  of  Egypt,  a  city  of  many  races, 
to  the  number  of  300,000  freemen,  and  a  still  larger  number  of 
slaves.  .  The  Ptolemies  made  it,  down  to  30  B.  C,  the  most  mag- 
nificent city  of  the  world,  except  Rome  and  Antioch;  commerce 
accepted  it  as  a  world-centre  and  gave  it  unexampled  prosperity; 
Greek  learning  and  literature  gathered  here  as  nowhere  else, 
and  spread  hence  over  nearly  all  the  ancient  world.  When  Rome 
succeeded  to  its  possession,  upon  the  death  of  Cleopatra  B.  C.  30, 
commerce  and  culture  alike  made  it  a  mart  without  an  equal. 
As  Greece  lost  from  Alexander's  time,  Alexandria  became  for 
four  hundred  years  the  home  and  centre  of  learning  and  litera- 
ture, a   seat   of   science   and   of   a  vast  library,  and   a   school  of 


CCCXxiv  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL  , 

Students  and  teachers  to  whom  we  owe  the  preservation  of   the 
masterpieces  of  Greek  literature. 

At  the  head  of  an  immense  Jewish  quarter  in  the  time  of 
Christ,  where  Judaism  not  only  read  its  scriptures  in  a  Greek 
version  but  mingled  Greek  thought  with  Hebrew,  there  lived  the 
famous  Philo  Judseus,  who  fused  Plato  with  Moses,  and  framed 
conceptions  of  Deity  which  profoundly  influenced  early  Christian 
doctrine.  Christianity  found  in  Alexandria  one  of  its  chief  seats, 
as  early  as  the  second  century;  and  down  to  641  A.  D.,  when  the 
Arabs  captured  it,  it  remained  a  chief  centre  of  Christian  teachers 
and  literature. 

In  the  third  century  B.  C.  the  intellectual  and  artistic   centre  of  the 

Greek  world 3  7    1477° 

Callimachus  most   learned   of  poets,  a  teacher  at  Alexandria,  7  3101 ; 

libraries  under  his  charge 7        3101 

Athenseus,  a  Greek  author,  in  the  third  century 42         28 

Agathias,  a  Greek  author  of  world  history  in  the  years  553-558  A.  D.  .  .  .  i  223 

The  magnificent  city  of  the   Ptolemies  painted   in  Anatole   France's 

<Thais> 15      5910 

Lamprecht's  <Song  of  Alexander,)  a  poem  of  mediaeval  Germany 
based  on  an  earlier  epic  treatment  of  the  story  of  Alexander  the 
Great 43        323 

Philo  Judaeus,  born  A.  D.  20  at  Alexandria,  the  most  Greek,  scholarly, 
and  influential  personage  Judaism  had  produced  before  Christ- 
ianity   43        428 

Ptolemy  of  Alexandria  (about  A.  D.   125-160),  the  most  celebrated  of 

ancient  astronomers 43       443 

Vacherot's  ^  Critical  History  of  the  School  of  Alexandria  > 4  3        54o 

Origen,  the  « Adamantine »   scholar   of   the   great    Christian    Fathers, 

born  at  Alexandria,  A.  D.  185 4  3       409 

Plotinus,  an  Alexandrian  philosopher  (205-70  A.  D.),  the  most  cele- 
brated of  the  Neo-Platonists 4  3       432 

Kingsley's  <Hypatia*  describing  pagan  and  Christian  life  in  the  fifth 

century 43        305 

Synesius,  Greek  bishop,  poet,  and  philosopher,  at  Cyrene;  studied  in* 

Alexandria  under  the  celebrated  Hypatia 4  3        5i3 


Amsterdam:  famous  Dutch  city;  capital  of  the  Netherlands; 
built  on  a  hundred  small  islands  formed  by  the  river  Amstel  and 
a  network  of  canals,  on  which  there  are  more  than  300  bridges; 
all  its  structures  resting  on  piles  driven  50  or  60  feet  through 
peat  and  sand  to  a  foundation  of  clay.  A  fishing  village  merely, 
with  a  small  castle,  alpout  1200  A.  D.,  it,  became  in  1482  a  walled 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCXXV 

and  fortified  town,  and  rose  to  be  the  chief  commercial  city 
of  the  provinces,  which  revolted  against  Spain  in  1566.  Early  in 
the  seventeenth  century,  when  the  English  exiles,  who  became 
the  ^*  Pilgrim  Fathers,'^  spent  a  year  in  it,  before  going  on  to 
Leyden,  the  rise  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company  (in  1602)  had 
greatly  added  to  its  commerce  and  made  it  a  city  of  100,000  in- 
habitants. Its  finest  church  at  this  time  was  already  200  years 
old.  ;  Rembrandt  made  Amsterdam  his  home;  Spinoza  was  a 
native  of  Jew  descent;  and  Vondel,  greatest  of  Dutch  poets,  lived 
and  died  here.  The  Bank  of  Amsterdam,  dating  from  1609,  was 
the  great  place  of  deposit  for  coin  and  bullion  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  its  receipts  for  such  deposits  circulating  as  bank  notes. 

Headquarters  of  the  Dutch  colonial  trade 11      4513 

Voss,  or  Vossius,  one  of  the  most  celebrated  European  scholars  of  his 

time 43        553 

The  life  and  great  international  commerce  of  Amsterdam,  delineated 

by  Antonides  van  der  Goes  in  1671 42         21 

Connection  of  Spinoza  with  Amsterdam 35  13785 ;  4  3  502 

Vondel' s  career  as  the  most  powerful  and  most  representative  poet  of 

Holland 38   15491-93;  43   552 

Francq  van   Berkhey,    a   Dutch   poet  and  naturalist,    a   physician    in 

Amsterdam 42        200 

Isaak  da  Costa,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  modern  Dutch  poets   .  .  .42        122 

Hofdyk,  Dutch  historian  and  poet 42       267 

Loman,  one  of  the  foremost  of  the  Dutch  radical  critics  of  the  Script- 
ures, professor  of  theology  in  the  University  of  Amsterdam 43       348 


Antioch :  a  city  of  Syria,  on  the  river  Orontes,  founded  300 
B.  C.  by  Seleucus  Nicator  in  honor  of  his  father  Antiochus.  It 
was  on  the  highway  of  Asiatic  commerce,  a  favorite  residence 
of  the  Greek  kings  of  Syria,  and  of  wealthy  Romans:  a  city  of 
boundless  luxury,  magnificent  buildings,  a  population  of  half  a 
million,  and  the  rival  of  Rome  itself  in  splendor.  The  story  of 
early  Christianity  reports  of  disciples  made  here  that  the  name 
of  ^*  Christians  *^  was  first  used  of  them. 

Chrysostom,  the  most  eloquent  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Church,  born  at 

Antioch  3  50  A.  D 42        108 

Libanius,  a  notable  Greek  rhetorician  and  orator,  one  of  whose  pupils 
was  the  celebrated  Chrysostom ;  his  1607  <  Epistles  >  and  68  extant 
<  Orations  >  valuable  for  the  history  of  the  fourth  century 43        341 

Baron  Isidore  Taylor's  *  Syria,  Egypt,  Palestine,  and  Judea> 43        517 


CCCXXvi  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Antwerp :  the  chief  commercial  city  of  Belgium ;  in  tonnage 
of  world  trade  the  Liverpool  of  the  Continent;  one  of  the  most 
strongly  fortified  places  in  Europe;  is  built  on  the  river  Scheldt, 
fifty-two  miles  from  the  sea.  Its  considerable  growth  and  pros- 
perity dated  from  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries,  and  at 
the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century  it  had  become  the  com- 
mercial capital  of  the  world.  In  its  capture  by  Spanish  soldiery 
in  1576  the  city  hall  and  a  thousand  fine  buildings  were  de- 
stroyed and  8,000  of  its  citizens  massacred.  A  second  attack  by 
the  Duke  of  Parma  in  1585  scattered  its  population  and  reduced 
it  to  a  very  low  state.  Its  modern  rise  was  promoted  by  Na- 
poleon, 1 794-1814,  and  by  the  union  of  Belgium  with  Holland, 
1815-30.  Its  Belgian  history  since  1839  has  been  one  of  very 
great  prosperity. 

The  world -centre  of  commerce  before  London  became  so 45  556 

Anna  Bijns,  a  poet  of  Antwerp,  styled  the  «Brabantine  Sappho »..  ..42  59 

Ledeganck's  poem  on  Three  Sister  Cities, —  Ghent,  Bruges,  Antwerp. 43  332 

French-Flemish  birth  of  Henri  Conscience ...10  3957 

Julius  de  Geyter,  a  Flemish  poet-banker  of  Amsterdam 42  214 

Eekhoud's  birth  at,  and  vnvid  picture  of  Amsterdam,  in  his  most  brill- 
iant novel    <New  Carthage* 13   5190;  42   164 


Athens :  the  city  of  Athena,  *<  goddess  of  science,  arts,  and 
arms**;  the  capital  of  Attica  and  the  metropolis  of  ancient  Greek 
culture;  was  most  beautifully  situated,  under  a  sky  and  in  a 
climate  which  Euripides  noted  as  giving  "  an  ether  of  surpassing 
brightness.**  The  character  of  Athens  as  a  seat  of  culture  dated 
from  the  sixth-century  career  of  Solon  as  a  lawgiver,  and  the 
rule  after  him  of  Pisistratus,  who  most  admirably  managed  the 
administration  of  Attica,  founded  special  interest  in  literature  by 
making  the  first  complete  edition  of  Homer,  promoted  attention 
to  national  religious  festivals,  and  entered  largely  upon  the 
splendid  temple-building  which  was  to  make  Athens  the  supreme 
achievement  of  the  world  in  constructive  and  decorative  art.  In 
thorough  democratic  organization  and  mature  development,  Athens 
had  completed  the  earlier  stage  of  her  history  when  a  Persian  in- 
vasion, before  which  the  inhabitants  fled,  completely  destroyed  it 
in  480  B.  C.  With,  however,  the  Greek  victories  of  Salamis  and 
Platsea  the  next  year,  Athens  was  splendidly  restored,  enlarged, 
and   beautified,    and  entered   upon   a  period   of  greatness,   479-403 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCXXvil 

B.  C. ,  not  only  unsurpassed  for  developments  of  culture,  but  un- 
equaled  by  anything  elsewhere  seen  in  history.  From  the  dis- 
astrous close  of  the  Peloponnesian  War,  and  the  attainment  by 
Macedon  of  supremacy  after  the  battle  of  Chaeronea,  338  B.  C, 
Athens  declined  from  the  greatness  of  the  period  of  Themistocles 
and  Pericles,  yet  for  a  long  time  kept  its  distinction  as  the 
great  seat  of  schools  of  philosophy  and  the  most  brilliant  centre 
of  learning  of  the  ancient  world.  It  was  in  this  age  of  splendid 
decay  that  the  seats  of  the  Dionysiac  theatre  were  restored  in 
marble,  that  Aristotle  expounded  science  and  philosophy  with  a 
knowledge  and  power  which  swayed  European  culture  for  fifteen 
centuries,  and  that  architectural  triumphs  reached  their  height  in 
constructions  which  might  have  remained  the  wonder  of  the  world 
had  not  Roman  spoliation  under  Sulla,  Gothic  ravage  in  the  third 
century  A.  D.,  and  transfer  of  her  finest  art  to  Constantinople, 
in  the  next  century,  left  Athens  despoiled  and  degraded.  Jus- 
tinian, in  529  A.  D.,  inaugurated  the  Dark  Ages  of  Christendom 
by  an  edict  closing  the  schools  of  science  and  learning  at  Athens. 
What  was  thus  begun  of  extinction  of  a  great  tradition  of  knowl- 
edge and  thought  was  completed  by  the  nearly  four  hundred 
years  of  blighting  Turkish  despotism,  which  began  in  1456  and 
lasted  until  1833. 

Creation  of  its  earliest  constitution  by  Solon 34    13643 

Anacreon,  lyric  poet  under  Hipparchus 2  493 ;  42   18 

The  career  of  .lEschylus,  an  unsurpassed  dramatic  poet i    183-191;  42  6 

Herodotus  at  Athens  between  his  travels 18  7286,  7287;  42  261 

Sophocles,    the    most    comprehensively    and    symmetrically    great    of 

ancient  dramatists,  a  contestant  for  honors  at  Athens  in  the  years 

440-412 34   13647-76 ;  43   500 

The  Greek  lyric  poet,  Alcaeus,  banished  from  Athens  by  Pittacus.  .  .  .  i  268 

Euripides,  the  third  and  most  popular  of  the  great  playwrights  of  the 

Athenian  stage 14  5569-76 ;  42   174 

Socrates,  life  and  career  of,  at  Athens  B.  C.  470-399,  4  3  499 ;  absolute 

limitation  of  his  work  to  the  city  of  his  birth 34    13627 

Thucydides,  author  of  a  <  History  >  covering  twenty-one  years  of  the 

war  by  which  Athenian  greatness  was  broken 37  14909-16;  43   525 

Greek  Old  Comedy  brought  to  perfection  at  Athens,  by  Aristophanes. 

2   759 ;    42   24 

Life  and  career  of  Plato,  gfreatest  of  philosophers,  B.  C.  427-347.  29  11519;  43  432 
Aristotle,  a  student  at  Athens  twenty  years  under  Plato,  and  a  teacher 

thirteen  years 42  24 ;  2  788 

Epicurus,  master  of  a  great  school  at  Athens  about  305  B.  C. :  a  home 

of  seekers  after  elevated  pleasure 42        171 


CCCXXviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Demosthenes's  unsurpassed  power  as  an  orator  at  Athens;   advocate 

of  Athenian  resistance  to  subjugation  by  Macedon 1 1  4538;  42   139 

^schines,  the  rival  of  Demosthenes  as  an  orator i    178;  42  6 

The  Athenians  a  pampered,   amusement-loving  people,  in  the  time  of 

Demosthenes i  i      4535 

The  life  of  Athens  in  third  centur>'  B.  C.  depicted  by  Alciphron i   275-77 

The  Roman  comedies  of  Plautus  usually  represent  scenes  in  Athens. 29    11 557 

Education  at  Athens  of  Roman  youth  in  the  time  of  Horace 19      7620 

Athens  supplanted  by  Alexandria  as  an  intellectual  centre,  and  Alex- 
andria by  Rome 29    1 1601 

Longfinus,  celebrated  Greek  philosopher,  of  vast  learning,  a  teacher  at 

Athens,  and  later  Queen  Zent)bia's  adviser  at  Palmyra 43       349 

Dyer's  <  History  of  Ancient  Athens  > 42        159 

Paparrhigopoulos,    university   professor  at   Athens,    and  author    of   a 

<  History  of  the  Greek  People  > 43       416 

Bagdad:  a  city  of  the  great  river  Tigris;  encircled  by  five 
miles  of  brick  wall  forty  feet  high;  its  two  parts  joined  by  a 
bridge  of  boats  220  yards  long;  entered  by  four  gates,  the  finest 
of  which,  dating  from  1220  A.  D.,  has  not  been  opened  since 
1638;  containing  100  mosques,  of  which  barely  thirty  are  in  use; 
founded  in  764  A.  D.  by  Al-Mansur,  on  a  site  where  the  great 
Nebuchadnezzar  had  built,  about  600  B.  C. ;  greatly  enlarged  by 
the  famous  Haroun  Al-Raschid,  in  the  ninth  century;  and  un- 
der his  son,  Al-Mamiin,  made  a  great  seat  of  Arabic  learning 
and  literature.  It  was  ravaged  by  the  Turks  a  hundred  years 
later,  and  with  vicissitudes  of  conflict  between  Turks  and  Per- 
sians has  been  for  260  years  a  monument  of  Turkish  misrule. 
The  province  of  Bagdad,  comprising  the  lower  portion  of  the 
Euphrates  and  Tigris  basin,  is  now  mostly  a  barren  wilderness, 
where  once  fertility,  industry,  culture,  and  empire  made  Baby- 
lonia the  mistress  and  the  teacher  of  the  ancient  world;  and  a 
district  of  which  was  the  "  Garden  of  Eden.  *^ 

Cairo:  the  capital  of  modern  Egypt;  dating  from  the  foun- 
dation, in  641,  by  'Amr,  the  Moslem  conqueror  of  Egypt,  of  a 
palace  alongside  of  a  Roman  fortress.  A  second  palace  city  was 
added  in  751  near  the  first;  then  a  third  in  868;  and  finally  a 
fourth,  and  much  greater,  in  969,  by  Johar,  a  victorious  general, 
who  called  his  new  city  El-Kahira,  ^*  The  Victorious  *^ ;  the  name 
which  became,  by  corruption,  Cairo.  Cairo  has  a  university  founded 
in  971,  to  which  2,000  students  annually  come  from  all  parts  of 
the    Moslem    world;    and   it    is   rich    in    mosques,    tombs,    schools. 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCXxix 

houses,  and  fountains  representing  the  purest  and  finest  Saracen 
art.  Modern  Cairo,  broadly  enlarged  beyond  the  ancient,  and 
now  the  largest  city  of  Africa,  has  a  population  not  far  from 
400,000,  and  since  1882  it  has  been  the  seat  of  English  influence 
for  progress  in  Egypt.  The  situation  of  Cairo,  twelve  miles  above 
the  apex  of  the  delta  of  the  Nile,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty 
miles  by  rail  from  Alexandria,  is  that  of  the  natural  centre  of 
Egypt.  From  its  citadel,  on  a  spur  of  the  rocky  range  of  Mo- 
kattem,  the  prospect  is  one  of  great  magnificence  and  beauty. 
Of  its  four  hundred  mosques,  many  of  which  are  unused  and 
falling  into  ruins,  the  most  magnificent  is  that  of  Sultan  Hasan 
near  the  citadel,  and  dating  from  1357.  The  mosque  Al  Azhar 
is  famous  as  the  seat  of  a  Mohammedan  University. 

Bagdad  and  Cairo,  two  great  centres  of  Mohammedan  activity  repre- 
sented in  the  ^Arabian  Nights  > 2  623 

Tabari's  <Annals,>  written  at  Bagdad,  the  history  of  the  world  to  914 
A.  D.,  and  <Tefsir>  or  <  Exegesis,  >  by  far  the  most  authoritative 
exposition  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Koran 43        513 

Stanley  Lane-Poole's  <  Social  Life  in  Egypt > 4  3       325 

Sir  Robert  Ker  Porter's  <  Travels  in  Georgia,  Persia,  Armenia,  Ancient 

Babylonia,  etc.,  1817-20 > 4  3       437 

Bishop  H .  C.  Potter's  <  Gates  of  the  East :  A  Winter  in  Egypt  and  Syria  > .  4  3       438 


Baltimore :  the  city  of  Lord  Baltimore,  founded  by  him  in 
1729  upon  his  planting  of  the  colony  of  Maryland;  a  largely 
Catholic  colony,  and  from  1808  the  seat  of  an  archbishop  ranking 
as  primate  of  the  United  States;  a  city  of  commerce  and  wealth;  of 
social  refinement  and  art  interest;  and  of  libraries,  institutes,  and 
colleges.  The  planting  here  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  in 
1876  fitly  completed  the  distinction  of  Baltimore  as  a  culture-capital 
to  the  South  Atlantic  region,  such  as  Boston  is  to  New  England. 

Cardinal  Gibbons,  American  Cathohc  Archbishop 42       215 

Daniel  C.  Gilman,  President  of  Johns  Hopkins  University 42       218 

Edgar  Allan  Poe's  later  life  aud  death  at  Baltimore 43       433 

Sidney  Lanier,  lecturer  of  great  distinction  on  English  literature,  at  the 

Johns  Hopkins  University,  1879-81 43       326 

B.  L.  Gildersleeve,  eminent  classical  scholar,  Johns  Hopkins  University 

professor  of  Greek,  author  of  important  works 42        217 

Herbert  B.  Adams,   Johns  Hopkins   professor  of  history,  author  and 

editor  of  valuable  historical  studies 42  5 

E.  C.  Stedman's  <  Nature  and  Elements  of  Poetry,  >  a  Johns  Hopkins 

University  course  of  lectures 35    13S58 


CCCXXX  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Berlin:  the  third  largest  city  of  Europe;  the  seat  of  the 
greatest  of  German  universities;  capital  of  Prussia,  where  the 
Prussian  Landtag  meets;  capital  also,  since  1871,  of  the  German 
Empire,  where  the  German  Reichstag  meets;  and  the  chief  resi- 
dence of  the  Emperor  of  Germany;  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the 
low-lying  sandy  flats  of  Brandenburg,  in  the  very  heart  of  Ger- 
many. Originally  a  fishing  village  on  a  low  elevation  above 
surrounding  swamp,  it  grew  under  the  Elector  Frederick  William 
(1640-88),  who  brought  separate  duchies  together  to  form  Prussia, 
with  Berlin  as  the  capital.  Under  Frederick  the  Great  the  popu- 
lation reached  nearly  150,000;  and  from  18 15  it  has  expanded  to 
a  great  commercial  centre,  seat  of  imperial  as  well  as  state  gov- 
ernment, unsurpassed  home  of  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  brilliant 
capital  of  the  culture  of  Europe,  with  a  population  approaching 
1,800,000. 

Residence  of  Voltaire  at  the  court  of  Frederick  II 38    15452 

Alexander  von  Humboldt,  the  Nestor  of  scientific  investigators  in  Eu- 
rope   19  7770 14  2  278 

William  von  Humboldt,  eminent  as  a  diplomat,  scientist,  and  humanist.  42       278 
Fichte  received  at  Berlin  when  driven  from  Jena  by  a  charge  of  Atheism .  1 4      5674 

Hegel,  professor  at  Berlin  in  the  chair  of   Fichte 18      7177 

The  Brothers  Grimm,  professors  at  Berlin  from  1840 17      6733 

Mommsen's  brilliant  work  as  professor  of  Ancient  History  at  Berlin 

from  1858 43       387 

Distinguished  career  at  Berlin  of  Ernst  Curtius  as  archaeologist.  Royal 
Academy  secretary,   conductor  of  scientific  missions,  and  author 

of  a  <  History  of  Greece  > 10  4241 ;  4  2   127 

Great  eminence  of  Rudolf  Virchow  in  European  medical  science  and 

anthropology 43        549 

Du  Bois-Reymond's  distinction  in  chemical,  electrical,  and  physiolog- 
ical science 42        153 

David    Kalisch,  founder   at    Berlin    of   Kladderadatsch,   the    Prussian 

Punch 43        296 

Bokhara:  a  city  of  Central  Asia;  its  centre  of  religious  life, 
and  most  important  commercial  town;  celebrated  for  its  vast 
number  of  schools,  its  80  colleges  and  5,000  students,  and  its 
mosques  said  to  be  365  in  number.  Embattled  mud  walls  over 
twenty  feet  high,  and  pierced  by  eleven  gates,  extend  around  it,  eight 
or  nine  miles.  Its  slave  markets;  its  manufacture  of  silks,  woolens, 
and  swords;  and  its  immense  bazaars,  filled  with  the  richest  wares 
of  Europe  and  of  Asia,  give  it  notable  Asiatic  distinction. 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCXXXi 

Bokhara,  a  world  centre  in   Baber's  time 3  1141 

Lansdell's  < Russian  Central  Asia'  and  < Chinese  Central  Asia* 43  326 

Vambery 's    <  Travels   in   Central  Asia,  >    <  Sketches    of    Central    Asia,  > 

and  <  History  of   Bokhara  > 43  541 


Bologna:  one  of  the  most  ancient  and  famous  cities  of  Italy; 
the  seat  in  the  eleventh  century  of  the  oldest  modern  university ; 
first  organized  as  an  association  of  students  gathered  to  hear  lec- 
tures on  Roman  law  by  the  famous  Irnerius  and  his  successors. 
It  was  about  the  year  11 13  that  Irnerius  commenced  to  lecture 
on  the  Civil  Law  at  Bologna,  with  special  reference  to  the  appli- 
cation of  the  codes  of  Theodosius  and  Justinian  to  secular  mat- 
ters. To  this  instruction  there  was  soon  added  study  of  the 
canon  law,  especially  the  exposition  of  the  *^Decretuin  *^  of  Gra- 
tian,  which  came  out  in  1151.  In  11 58,  Frederick  I.  granted  the 
professors  and  scholars  certain  special  privileges  and  immunities. 
The  earliest  organization  was  that  of  the  students  into  guilds,  for 
association  and  self -protection,  the  guilds  representing  different 
nationalities.  It  is  said  that  about  the  year  1200  there  were 
some  10,000  students  at  Bologna,  mostly  of  mature  years,  and 
engaged  with  only  two  branches  of  study,  the  civil  law  and  the 
canon  law.  About  this  time,  however,  the  two  faculties  of  medi- 
cine and  the  arts  were  formed,  and  both  developed  by  a  succes- 
sion of  able  teachers.  The  teaching  of  theology  was  undertaken 
by  the  Dominicans,  and  in  the  year  1360  Pope  Innocent  VI. 
recognized  the  degree-conferring  power  of  the  university  for 
theology.  In  1371,  a  report  to  the  Pope  mentioned,  as  receiving 
pay  for  teaching,  twelve  professors  of  civil  law,  six  of  canon 
law,  six  of  medicine,  and  one  of  surgery,  two  of  logic,  and  one 
each  of  astrology,  rhetoric,  and  the  duties  of  a  notary.  Dis- 
tinctly organized  « colleges »  were  first  established  at  Bologna  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  for  the  benefit  of  foreign  students  in  ne- 
cessitous circumstances.  One  such  was  founded  February  1256, 
the  date  of  the  founding  of  the  Sorbonne  in  Paris.  A  Spanish 
college  founded  in  1364,  for  twenty-four  Spanish  scholars  and  two 
chaplains,  still  exists. 

Guinicelli,   a   poet  at   Bologna  of   importance  for  his   influence  upon 

Dante ^^  2  239 

Copernicus,  a  student  at  Bologna  in  1496 10  4041 

Carducci,  Italy's  greatest  poet,  a  professor  at  Bologna 8  3208 


CCCXXxii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Boston:  the  representative  city  of  New  England;  founded  in 
1630  by  a  large  colony  of  rigidly  Puritan  members  of  the  Church 
of  England,  who  came  to  America  to  escape  persecution  for  their 
efforts  to  simplify  the  worship,  purify  the  faith,  and  revive  the 
spiritual  life  of  the  mother  church.  As  churchmen  of  great  zeal, 
with  no  thought  of  separating  Church  and  State,  they  made  at 
first  a  scandalous  exhibition  of  legalized  and  enforced  worship 
and  custom,  and  of  excessive  superstition  and  want  of  enlighten- 
ment, but  were  ultimately  driven  to  concede  liberty,  and  with 
lapse  of  time  passed  from  orthodox  rigor  to  heterodox  liberalism 
and  broad  advance  in  every  form  of  culture.  The  old  churches 
of  the  earliest  Puritan  days  became  Unitarian,  as  did  the  West- 
minster Assembly  Presbyterian  churches  of  Cromwell's  time  in 
England;  and  still  later  th'e  oldest  church  remaining  orthodox, 
and  the  most  notable  Episcopal  church  of  the  city,  conspicuously 
represented  new-departure  liberalism  not  counted  as  heterodox. 

The  early  founding  by  Boston  and  the  Massachusetts  colony 
of  Harvard  College  initiated  developments  of  education,  science, 
literature,  art,  charity,  hardly  paralleled  by  any  centre  of  culture 
anywhere  in  the  world;  and  in  every  great  period  of  political 
development  in  America,  Boston  has  stood  conspicuously  and 
effectively  at  the  very  front. 

John  Cotton,  Puritan  minister  of  the  First  Church 42  122 

Benjamin  Franklin,  born  in  Boston,  January  16,  1706.  ......  15  5925-37;  42  200 

Rufus  Choate  and  the  Boston  bar 9  3652 

Career  of  Margaret  Fuller 15  6121 

Notable  career  of  Theodore  Parker  as  a  radical  preacher  and  reformer.  2  8  11074 

Brilliant  career  of  Wendell  Phillips  as  an  orator  and  reformer 43  428 

T.  W.  Parsons's  distinction  as  a  poet  and  translator  of  Dante 28  11117 

Dr.  O.  W.   Holmes,  the   most  famous  poet  and  wit  of  Boston  in  the 

last  half  of  the  century 42  270 

Brilliant  pulpit  career  of  Phillips  Brooks 6  2417 

John  Boyle  O'Reilly  as  editor  and  poet 27  10858 

T.  B.  Aldrich's  literary  connection  with  Boston i  312 


Brussels :  the  capital  of  Belgium,  and  one  of  the  finest  cities 
in  Europe.  It  is  in  part  a  French  city  in  speech,  but  very  largely 
Flemish,  and  to  no  small  extent  English.  Under  Charles  V.  it  was 
made  the  court-residence  in  the  Netherlands;  and  under  Philip 
II.  and  the  Duke  of  Alva  was  the  chief  seat  of  the  Revolution 
against  Spain,  and  of  the  Spanish  atrocities.     It  suffered  again  in 


TOPICS   AND  CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCXXXiii 

the  wars  of  Spain  against  Louis  XIV.,  and  in  that  of  Austria 
against  Louis  XV.  Its  better  fortunes  came  under  Maria  Theresa. 
After  a  century  of  vicissitudes,  1 695-1 794,  it  was  in  the  posses- 
sion of  France  until  181 4;  was  then  united  with  Holland  until 
1830,  when  it  became  the  capital  of  an  independent  Belgium. 

The  Belgian  literary  centre 13  5189 

Louis  Hymans,  distinguished  at  Brussels  as  a  journalist  and  historian.  4  2  281 

Louis  J.  Alvin,  chief  librarian  of  the  Royal  Library 42  16 

;6mile   Greyson,  a   Belgian   poet,  novelist,    and  essayist,  and  a   high 

educational  official 42  233 

Cairo :  See  under  Bagdad. 

Cambridge  [England]:  one  of  the  great  English  seats  of  in- 
struction in  culture;  its  earliest  possession  of  the  characteristics 
of  a  university  dating  from  1233;  its  oldest  college,  Peterhouse, 
established  in  1286;  nearly  twenty  colleges  founded  between  1250 
and  1600,  each  a  corporation  of  teachers  and  students,  and  their 
union  constituting  the  university.  Each  college  has  its  fellows, 
its  scholars,  and  its  undergraduate  students,  engaged  in  either 
teaching  or  study,  under  regulations  fixed  by  the  university  as  a 
supreme  governing  and  degree-conferring  body.  The  traditions 
of  Latin  ecclesiasticism,  which  greatly  hindered  educational  ad- 
vance down  to  a  very  recent  time,  have  been  exchanged  within 
the  last  half  century  for  broad  attention  to  science,  literature,  and 
free  research.  The  student  body  numbers  about  3,000  and  the 
fellows  and  scholars  between  eight  and  nine  hundred.  In  the 
long  course  of  English  intellectual  development  Cambridge  has  at 
times  notably  represented  freedom  of  learning  arrd  wealth  of 
thought,  in  contrast  with  conservative  rigor  of  tradition  and 
poverty  of  instruction  at  Oxford. 

Atkinson's  history  of  the  town  and  university 45       365 

Samuel  Pepys's  Library  and  Manuscript  Diary  at  Magdalene  College .  2  8  11285-87 

Seven  years'  life  of  John  Milton  at  Cambridge 25   10037;  4  3  3^4 

Career  at  Cambridge  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton 27    10620 

Distinction  of  the  poet  Gray 16     6624 

Charles  Darwin's  study  at  Cambridge  to  become  a  clergyman 11      4385 

Sir  Robert  Ball,  professor  of  Astronomy  at  Cambridge 42         39 

Edmund  Gosse,  lecturer  on  Literature  at  Cambridge 16     6566 

Charles  Waldstein,  university  professor  at  Cambridge,  author  of  im- 
portant Greek  studies 43        556 


CCCXXxiv  OUT1.1NE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Cambridge  [America] :  the  university  suburb  of  Boston, 
founded  in  1630  by  Puritan  Englishmen,  a  large  proportion  of 
whom  were  from  the  region  of  old  Cambridge  in  England,  under 
leaders  who  were  Cambridge  graduates;  the  oldest  and  most  com- 
plete seat  of  thorough  culture  in  America;  in  the  elevation,  re- 
finement, and  vigor  of  its  teaching  and  influences  at  the  head  of 
the  American  university  system;  and,  with  Boston,  as  comprehen- 
sively a  great  centre  of  culture  as  any  in  the  \vorld. 

John  Eliot's  Indian  Bible  printed  at  Cambridge  in  1661-63 42        166 

Increase  Mather,  president  of  Harvard  University,  1685-1701 43       373 

Abiel   Holmes,    pastor  of  the   old    First  Church,    author  of  valuable 

<Annals  of  America  ^ 42       270 

John  Quincy  Adams,  professor  of  oratory  at  Harvard,  sixth  President 

of  the  United  States i  136 

Josiah  Quincy,  president  of  Harvard   University,    1829-45 ;  author  of 

<  History  of  Harvard  University  > 43       448 

George  Ticknor,  professor  of  modern  languages  at  Harvard,   1819-35 ; 

author  of  <  History  of  Spanish  Literature  * 43        526 

John    Gorham    Palfrey,    professor    at    Harvard    University,    1830-39; 

author  of  the  standard  <  History  of  New  England  > 43       414 

James  Walker,  president  Harvard  University,  1853-60;  a  notable  pul- 
pit orator  and  philosophical  writer 43       557 

Edward  Everett  as  Greek  professor  at  Harvard  University  awakened 

great  interest  in  Hellenic  studies 42        175 

C.  C.  Felton,  Greek  professor  at  Harvard  University  from  1834;  pres- 
ident, 1860-62;  author  of  <  Greece,  Ancient  and  Modern  > 42        183 

E.  A.  Sophocles,  notable  scholar,  and  professor  of  Byzantine  and 
modern  Greek  at  Harvard  University,  1830-60;  author  of  <  Greek 
Lexicon  of  the  Roman  and  Byzantine  Periods  > 43        500 

Joseph  E.  Worcester,  eminent  author  of  a  standard  English  Diction- 
ary ;  settled  at  Cambridge,  1820-65    43        584 

Eminence    in    botanical    science   of   Asa    Gray,    a  leading    American 

scientist;  Harvard  University  professor  from  1842 42       230 

Very  great  distinction  of  Agassiz,  the  Swiss-American  naturalist ;  pro- 
fessor in  Harvard  University  from  1848;  founder  of  the  great 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology i   212;  42  7 

Literary  and  university  career  of  the  poet  Longfellow 23     9144 

The  literary,  university,  and  diplomatic  career  of  the  poet,  critic,  and 

essayist,  James  Russell  Lowell 23      9229 

Distinction  of  Josiah  Parsons  Cooke  as  a  Harvard  University  pro- 
fessor of  chemistry,  and  author  of  important  text-books ...  4  2   119;  44  247 

Short  settlement  at  Cambridge  of  Arthur  Hugh  Clough 9        3827 

Justin    Winsor,    Harvard     University    librarian,    1877-97;    author    of 

works  of  high  authority  on  American  history 43        580 

Ekiucational  and  liberal  religious  distinction  of  Joseph  Henry  Allen; 

notable  church  history  work  .42         14 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCXXXV 

Dr.  Elisha  Mulford's  death  at  Cambridge  while  professor  of  Divinity 

in  the  Episcopal  Divinity  School 26  10415-24;  43  394 

Charles  W.  Eliot,  president  of  Harvard  University 42        166 

Charles  Eliot  Norton,  a  representative  Cambridge  scholar,  university 

professor,  and  critical  essayist 43       406 

Notable  distinction  of  Alexander  Agassiz  in  completion  of  the  museum 

of  Comparative  Zoology  founded  by  his  father 42  6 

Charles  R.  Lanman,  eminent  American   Sanskrit  scholar  at  Harvard 

University 43       326 

Distinction  in  botanical  science  at  Harvard  University  of  George  L. 

Goodale 42       225 

Albert  Bushnell   Hart,    professor  of   History  at  Harvard  University, 

author  or  editor  of  important  works' 42        250 

R.    Josiah    Royce,    Haryard    University    professor   of  the    History  of 

Philosophy .43        47i 

Ephraim  Emerton,  professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  at  Harvard  Uni- 
versity since  1882 42        169 

Nathaniel  S.  Shaler,  professor  of  Geology  at  Harvard  University,  and 

author  of  popular  science  works 43       491 

Intense  intellectual  activity  in  Harvard  University 6        2417 


Chicago:  the  commercial  capital  of  the  great  Northwest, — 
that  vast  territory  north  of  the  Ohio  and  east  of  the  Mississippi 
on  which  the  famous  Ordinance  of  1787  impressed  slavery  exclu- 
sion, and  out  of  which  were  formed  the  states  whose  weight  in 
the  great  Civil  War  gave  the  North  decisive  superiority;  in  con- 
centration in  its  population  of  the  best  native  and  foreign  elements; 
in  amazingly  rapid  increase  of  its  numbers;  in  the  extent  and 
number  of  its  connections  with  a  vast  western  world  of  trade 
and  travel;  and  in  the  variety  and  strength  of  its  energies,  not 
merely  for  business  and  industry,  but  for  culture  and  higher 
progress,  a  truly  continental  city,  more  likely  than  any  other  to 
overtake  the  expansion  of  London,  and  to  be  the  central  mart  of 
the  American  continent.  If  it  has  given  but  one  name  of  notable 
creative  genius  to  literature,  that  of  a  Shakespeare  of  tender  and 
humorous  verse  for  children,  it  yet  has  shown  in  the  White  City 
of  the  World's  Fair  promise  of  equality  for  its  future  with  the 
fairest  capitals  of  art  and  letters  and  refinement  known  to  his- 
tory. 

Distinction  in  genius,  national  reputation  as  a  poet  and  humorist, 
and  unsurpassed  excellence  in  poems  for  children,  of  Eugene 
Field 14  5687;  42  187 


CCCXXXvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE   PRINCIPAL 

Christiania :  the  capital  and  most  considerable  port,  emporium 
of  internal  trade,  seat  of  university  instruction,  art,  and  literary 
centre  of  Norway.  An  ancient  capital,  Opslo,  dating  from  1058, 
is  now  one  of  the  suburbs  of  the  later  city  founded  in  1624  by 
Christian  IV.  The  fiord  at  the  head  of  which  it  stands  conducts 
to  the  sea,  a  distance  of  eighty  miles. 

Birth,  education,  and  career  of  Dr.  Nansen,  Norwegian  Arctic  explorer.  27    10555 

Constantinople :  the  city  of  Constantine  and  of  East  Roman 
Empire  from  328-330  A.  D. ;  and  of  Greek  Christian  Empire  from 
395  A.  D.,  when  Theodosius  the  Great  divided  the  Roman  Em- 
pire to  his  two  sons,  Honorius  in  the  West,  and  Arcadius  in  the 
East.  The  plan  of  Constantine  to  make  a  New  Rome  was  exe- 
cuted by  extensive  rebuilding  of  Byzantium,  which  dated  from 
667  B.  C,  and  had  long  been  an  important  seat  of  commerce. 
The  dedication  by  Constantine  of  his  New  Rome  to  the  Virgin 
Mary  took  place  May  11,  330,  and  the  final  conquest  by  Moham- 
med II.,  extinguishing  the  Greek  Christian  Empire,  was  on  the 
29th  of  May,   1453. 

No  more  commanding  and  advantageous  site  has  ever  served 
as  a  capital  of  empire,  or  suffered  under  degradation  like  that  of 
government  by  Moslem  Turks.  Dark  as  in  many  respects  the 
story  of  Byzantine  or  Greek  Empire  was,  yet  the  bulwark  which 
it  formed  for  many  centuries  against  barbarian  invasion  of 
Europe,  and  the  missions  by  which  it  disseminated  Christianity 
among  Russian  and  other  Slavonic  peoples  of  eastern  Europe, 
contributed  most  notably  to  European  culture;  and  when  con- 
quest took  place,  first  by  Latin  Christians  in  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury, and  finally  by  the  Turks,  the  result  to  Latin  Christendom, 
mainly  by  way  of  Italy,  was  dissemination  of  Greek  knowledge 
of  art  in  the  cities  of  Italy,  and  of  Greek  learning  and  manu- 
scripts, Greek  teachers  and  library  treasures,  to  western  scholars, 
with  the  effect  of  that  marvelous  awakening  to  new  interest  in 
literature,  which  is  known  as  the  Revival  of  Learning. 

Constantinople  suffered  its  first  great  siege  in  626  A.  D.,  when 
a  Persian  host  unsuccessfully  stormed  its  walls. 

Finlay's  great  historical   work,   the  chief  authority   for  the  story  of 

Greek  Empire  at  Constantinople 42        189 

Gibbon's  <  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  >  covering  the  his- 
tory of  Constantinople 42       215 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCXXXvii 

Montesquieu's    <  Considerations   on   the  Greatness   and   Decay   of   the 

Romans> 43  38();  44  loi 

Proclus,  a  Neo-Platonic  philosopher  of  Constantinople  (412-485  A.  D.), 
author  of  mathematical  and  philosophical  works  which  have  come 
down  to  us 43       44i 

Procopius,  an  eminent  Greek  historian ;  author  of  <  Books  about  the 
Wars,*  Persian,  Vandal,  and  Gothic;  private  secretary  to  the 
Emperor  Justinian's    prefect  of  Constantinople,   Belisarius 43       441 

Michael  Constantine  Psellus,  notable  at  Constantinople  as  « prince  of 
the  philosophers, »  author  of  mathematical,  philosophical,  and 
other  writings  43       443 

A  concise  history  of  Constantinople  from  602-770,  by  Nicephorus  (died 

828) ;  distinguished  for  accuracy  and  erudition 43       403 

Du    Cange's    <  History  of   the    Empire    of    Constantinople    under   the 

Frank  Emperors  >  (French,  1657) 42        153 

<  Constantinople, >  by  De  Amicis i  455-58 ;  4  2   17 


Copenhagen:  the  capital  and  commercial  centre  of  Denmark; 
the  seat  of  a  university  founded  in  1479  ^^^  reconstituted  in 
1788;  extraordinarily  rich  in  libraries,  Scandinavian  antiquities, 
and  art  collections,  the  works  especially  of  Thorwaldsen.  The 
original  settlement  in  the  twelfth  century  became  a  great  resort 
for  merchants.  For  nearly  300  years  the  village  and  castle  were 
the  property  of  a  bishopric.  It  was  in  1443  that  the  bishopric 
relinquished  it  to  the  state  to  be  made  the  seat  of  royal  residence 
and  the  capital  of  the  kingdom. 

Unsurpassed  dramatic  distinction  of  Holberg 18  7413 ;  42  269 

Ewald,  foremost  of  Danish  lyric  poets,  and  the  great  poetic  figure  of 

Denmark  between  Holberg  and  Oehlenschlager 14  5614;  42   176 

The  Danish  poet,  notable  prose-writer,  and  director  of  the   National 

Theatre,  Baggesen 3   1235 14235 

Petersen's    numerous    works    on    Norse     languages,    mythology,    and 

literature 43       425 

Hauch,  eminent   Danish  poet,  professor  in  the  University  of   Copen- 
hagen     42       252 

Literary  career  of  the  Danish  poet  Hertz 18   7317 ;  42  262 

Great  distinction  of  Oehlenschlager  as  a  poet,  dramatist,  and  univer- 
sity professor 27  10750 ;  4  3  407 

Distinction  as  a  Danish  poet  of  Paludan-Miiller 28  11017;  43  415 

Career  of  the  Danish  Jew,  journalist,  and  novelist,  Goldschmidt 

16  6493 ;  4  2   223 

Exile  of  Brandes  from  Copenhagen  to  Berlin   in    1877  on   account  of 

antagonism  to  his  radical  utterances 5  2301 ;  42   72 

Drachmann,  an  art  student  at  Copenhagen 12  4841 ;  42   151 

22 


cccxxxviii  outline  survey  of  the  principal 

Cordova:  a  city  of  Roman  and  Moorish  Spain;  now  in  large 
part  in  decay.  Its  walls,  Roman  in  foundation  and  Moorish  in 
superstructure,  enclose  a  very  large  area,  from  much  of  which 
the  ruins  of  houses  have  been  cleared  away  and  gardens  made. 
The  old  royal  palace  is  in  ruins.  The  cathedral,  originally  a 
mosque,  still  presents  in  its  interior  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
specimens  in  Europe  of  Moorish  architecture.  Measuring  395 
feet  one  way  and  356  the  other,  it  is  divided  by  a  wilderness  of 
magnificent  pillars  into  nineteen  aisles  lengthwise  of  the  building 
and  twenty-nine  crosswise.  The  unique  magnificence  of  the 
original  has  been  greatly  injured  by  Christian  alterations.  Cor- 
dova was  the  first  Roman  colony  in  Spain,  about  152  A.  D.  As 
a  Gothic  city  its  bishop  was  the  presiding  officer  of  the  famous 
Council  of  Nicaea.  Under  the  Moors  it  became  their  capital  and 
was  of  great  extent  and  magnificence. 

University  and  free  schools  founded  at  Cordova  under  Arab  auspices.  2  671 

Dublin  :  the  principal  city  of  Ireland;  beautifully  built;  mag- 
nificent in  parks,  environs,  and  its  fine  bay;  the  seat  of  one  of 
the  best  teaching  universities  in  Europe;  and  celebrated  for  the 
number  of  its  sons  notable  for  genius  in  literature,  science,  poli- 
tics, and  law.  Its  Protestant  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral  was  founded 
in  1 190,  and  restored  in  1865.  The  smaller  but  more  beautiful 
Christ  Church  Cathedral  dates  as  a  church  from  1038,  and  as  a 
cathedral  from  1541. 

Eminence  in  powerful  literary  appeal  and  Irish  sympathy  of  Jonathan 

Swift,  at  Dublin    36    14264 

Edmund  Burke  born  in  Dublin 42         83 

Distinction  of  Grattan  as  an  Irish  parliamentary  orator 16      6615 

Birth  at  Dublin  of  Thomas   Moore,  May  28,  1779   43       390 

Career  of  Charles  Lever,  novelist  of  Irish  soldier  life 23     9025 

Literary  distinction  of  R.  C.  Trench,  archbishop  of  Dublin,  1864-86.. 4 3        531 

Literary  and  university  distinction  of  J.  P.  Mahaffy 24  9570;  43  362 

Edward  Dowden's  career  as  a  writer  on  English  literature,  and  uni- 
versity professor 12  4806 ;  42   151 

Excellence  of  the  popular  Irish  idyls,  sketches,  and  stories,   of  Jane 

Barlow,  daughter  of  a  Dublin  University  professor 4  1543;  42  42 

Edinburgh:  Scotland's  most  notable  city;  a  place  of  great 
natural  charm;  of  intense  historic  interest  from  the  dramas  of 
intrigue,    conflict,    blood,    and    sorrow   of   which   it   has    been   the 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCXXxix 

scene;  from  its  many  memories  of  literature,  science,  education, 
and  personal  distinction;  and  not  least  from  the  use  made  of  its 
history  and  its  scenes  by  the  most  famous  of  its  sons,  Sir  Walter 
Scott.  It  was  made  a  burgh  or  borough  in  1329  by  Robert 
Bruce,  with  a  port  at  Leith  on  the  sea  two  miles  distant;  be- 
came the  Scotch  capital,  the  meeting  place  of  Parliament  in  the 
fifteenth  century;  entered  with  the  birth  of  Queen  Mary  on  its 
greatest  historic  period;  saw  John  Knox  rise  to  Reformation  fame 
in  1560,  and  Mary  of  Scots  appear  from  France  the  next  year 
for  the  tragedies  of  her  career;  and  in  1603  sent  her  king  to 
succeed  Queen  Elizabeth  on  the  throne  of  England.  Her  univer- 
sity, founded  in  1583,  became,  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  one  of  the  most  important  centres  of  medical  study  in 
Europe,  while  Burns,  Hume,  Adam  Smith,  Sir  Walter  Scott,  and 
the  Edinburgh  Review,  attested  the  splendor  of  her  part  in  Eng- 
lish literature.  In  the  house  duties  which  it  pays  Edinburgh 
stands  next  to  London,  and  as  a  place  of  residence  it  is  the  most 
important  for  shopkeeping  interests  out  of  London.  Its  greatest 
industries  are  the  making  and  publishing  of  books  and  the  brew- 
ing of  the  famous  Scotch  ale.  It  is  a  great  railway  centre,  and 
its  insurance  companies  are  among  the  largest  in  the  world. 

John  Knox,  Scotland's  famous  Puritan  preacher,  co-worker  with  John 

Calvin  in  dogmatic  teaching  and  church  reformation 43       310 

Robert  Fergusson,  as  a  Scotch  poet  one  of  the  forerunners  of  Burns.    .42        183 

Allan  Ramsay's  Lowland  Scotch  dialect  pastoral  poem,  <  The  Gentle 

Shepherd  > 30  12061 ;  43  450 

William    Robertson,  a  Scotch  historian,  ranked,   while  he  lived,  with 

Gibbon  and  Hume 43       461 

David  Hume,  an  English-Scotch  historian  and  philosopher  of  perma- 
nent distinction  as  a  thinker 19  7777-81 ;  42  279 

Adam  Smith,  celebrated  for  his  advocacy  of  free  trade  as  the  road 

to  wealth  for  all  nations 34  13519-23 ;  4  3  496 

Dugald  Stewart,  a  celebrated  Scotch  philosopher  who  followed  Thomas 
Reid,  of  Glasgow,  in  advocating  common-sense  belief  against  Ber- 
keley and  Hume 43        507 

Hugh  Blair,  a  notably  eloquent  Scotch  preacher,  author  of  the  long 

popular  <  Blair's  Rhetoric  > 42         62 

Mark  Akenside,  a  student  at  Edinburgh,  gave  up  theology  for  medicine,  i  252 

Scott's  <  The  Heart  of  Midlothian  > 44        152 

Francis  Jeffrey,  a  famous  Scotch  critic,  one   of   the  founders  of  the 

Edinburgh  Review 42        289 

Mrs.  Oliphant's    <William   Blackwood   and  his   Sons:   their  Magazine 

and  Friends  > 44  4 


cccxl  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

« Christopher  North  >>  (John  Wilson),  from  1817  the  chief  editor  of 
Blackwood;  and  from  1820  professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  in  the 
University 39   16032  ;  43   578 

James  Grant's  <  Old  and  New  Edinburgh  > 42        229 

Sir  Daniel  Wilson's  <  Memorials  of  Edinburgh  in  the  Olden  Time,>  and 

<  Reminiscences  of  Old  Edinburgh  > 43        578 

Sir  Alexander  Grant,  principal  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  1868- 

84;  author  of  <  The  S\ory  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh  > 42        229 

Robert  Louis  Stevenson,  famous  Scotch  novelist,  author  of  <  Edin- 
burgh: Picturesque  Notes  > 35   13927-35  ;  4  3  506 

Literary  distinction  of  the  Scotch  novelist  Miss  Ferrier 14      5649 

Balfour  Stewart,  an  eminent  Scotch  physicist  of  Edinburgh  birth.  .  .  .43        506 

Florence :  the  most  important  and  splendid  city  of  Italy, 
apart  from  the  historical  and  monumental  interest  of  Rome;  was 
the  provisional  capital  of  the  united  kingdom  from  1864  to  187 1, 
and  grew  in  consequence  to  nearly  double  its  former  extent.  It 
rose  to  importance  as  a  free  city  when  its  jurisdiction  became 
the  prerogative  of  the  Roman  Pope,  in  the  eleventh  century.  It 
was  already  famous  for  its  guilds  of  workers  in  gold  and  jew- 
elry, and  its  extensive  trade  in  both  France  and  England.  The 
connection  with  Rome  involved  it  in  wars  with  the  Emperor, 
and  from  1215  this  unfortunate  situation  was  aggravated  by  ex- 
cessive party  conflicts  between  the  great  families  arrayed  on  one 
side  or  the  other,  and  the  parties  led  by  such  families,  until, 
finally,  after  more  than  three  centuries  of  magnificent  energies 
spent  in  struggles  for  power,  with  interhides  of  peace  and  splen- 
did progress,  the  Pope  and  the  Emperor  united  in  1529-30  to 
overthrow  the  republican  form  of  government  and  give  the  sov- 
ereignty to  a  grand  duke.  During  the  previous  hundred  years 
the  famous  Medici  family  had  brilliantly  promoted  the  glory  of 
the  city  by  their  patronage  of  art  and  literature ;  and  Savonarola's 
career  had  added  not  the  least  of  the  tragedies  which  are  a  part 
of  the  dramatic  story  of  Florence.  Dante,  Petrarch,  and  Boccac- 
cio, the  greatest  initiators  of  literature  in  Italy,  were  of  Flor- 
entine extraction.  The  awakening  of  Europe  to  new  Greek 
learning  and  broad  human  interest  was  begun  in  Florence. 

As  early  as  1400  A.  D.  Florence  had  become  one  of  the  fore- 
most cities  of  the  world  for  silk  and  woolen  goods,  and  as  a 
centre  of  banking  operations.  The  merchants  of  Florence  had 
agencies  in  London  and  several  other  towns  of  England  to  collect 
papal  dues,  buy  wool  of  some  200  monasteries,  conduct  banking. 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCxH 

and  lend  money.  Known  as  Lombards  they  left  the  name  in 
Lombard  Street,  where  the  banking  business  of  London  still 
centres.  The  tremendous  wealth  of  the  Medici  family  was  that 
of  an  immense  international  bank,  and  from  the  capital  accumu- 
lated in  Florence  the  chief  sovereigns  of  Europe  were  supplied 
with  funds.  Six  hundred  years  ago,  in  1298,  the  foundations  of 
the  Duomo  or  Cathedral  of  Florence  were  laid,  the  dome  of  which, 
by  Brunelleschi,  is  one  of  the  supreme  architectural  achievements 
of  all  time.  The  final  execution  of  the  fagade  of  this  monu- 
mental structure  was  celebrated  in  1878.  No  school  of  Italian 
art  equals  in  importance  that  of  Florence.  Her  collections  and 
her  historical  monuments  are  of  unsurpassed  interest.  Like 
Athens  in  its  delightful  climate  and  the  charm  of  the  country 
around  it,  it  is  nearer  to  Athens  than  any  other  city  of  the  world 
as  a  home  of  art  and  a  foundation  of  culture.  Dante  stands  over 
against  Homer,  and  Michael  Angelo  against  Pheidias.  The  torch 
of  Greek  light  passed  from  Constantinople  to  Europe  through 
Florence ;  and  Humanism  set  out  thence  on  its  benificent  mission 
to  theologies  darkened  by  superstition  and  churches  dechristian- 
ized  by  persecution  of  new  thought. 

Dante's  birth  and  life  8        3252 

<The  History  of  Florence,*  written  by  Bruni,  a  noted  Italian  humanist 

(1369-1444) 42         80 

Napier's  <  Florentine  History  from  the  Earliest  Authentic  Records  >.  .43       401 

Savonarola,  martyr-reformer  at  Florence  (1498)    43       481 

Masterly  < History  of  Savonarola  and  his  Times,  >  by  Villari 43        547 

Birth  at  Florence,  and  eminent  public  service  of   Machiavelli 24    9479-80 

Connection  of   Michel  Angelo  with   Florence 25      9977 

Benvenuto  Cellini,  born  at  Florence  in    1500 8    3371 ;  42    100 

Sismondi  on  the  ruin  of  its  Republic  in  1530 34    13481-86 

Yriarte's  study  of  Florence  in  her  palmy  days 45       494 

Herman  Grimm's  sketch   of   Florence 17    6725-32 

Anatole  France's  <The  Red  Lily  >  presents  a  picture  of   Florence 15     5910 

Robert  Browning  in    Florence 10     4237 

Edmondo  de  Amicis,  manager  of  a  newspaper  at   Florence i  454 

Geneva  [Switzerland]:  a  famous  theological,  literary,  and 
scientific  centre;  the  home  of  John  Calvin  from  1536  to  his  death 
in  1564;  the  scene  of  the  burning  of  Servetus  at  the  stake  for 
denial  of  the  tenets  of  orthodoxy;  in  a  later  time  the  birthplace 
of  Rousseau,  and  later  still  a  principal  European  seat  of  extreme 
liberalism  in   religion;   now  celebrated   for   a  theatre,   opened   in 


CCCxlii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

1879,    which   ranks  next   in   size  and    magnificence   to   the    Paris 
Opera  and  the  Court-theatre  of  Vienna. 

Carteret's  novel  descriptive  of  Genevese  customs 42  96 

Made  by  John  Calvin  a  centre  of  extreme  Protestant  dogmatic  orthodoxy  .42  89 

Distinguished  career  of  John  Calvin  as  a  Reformer  and  theologian.  .8  31 18 

Servetus  burned  as  a  heretic  at  the  instance  of  John  Calvin 43  490 

Giordano  Bruno  thrown  into  prison  on  account  of  his  religious  opinions .  6  2613 

Glasgow:  the  most  populous  city  in  Great  Britain  next  to 
London;  the  chief  industrial  centre  of  Scotland;  its  prosperity 
dating  from  the  opening  up  by  the  Union  of  1707  of  an  immense 
prospect  of  trade  with  America;  its  shallow  river  converted  by 
gigantic  engineering  into  a  deep  water  channel  and  extensive  har- 
bor; and  its  ship-building  yards  unsurpassed  for  production  of 
the,  largest  and  most  perfect  examples  of  naval  architecture. 
The  Glasgow  Cathedral  stands  on  the  very  spot  where  about  560 
A.  D.  a  little  wooden  church  was  built  as  the  seat  of  a  mission 
to  convert  the  Celts  of  Strathclyde.  The  university  was  founded 
in  1450;  and  in  1864-70  was  rebuilt  on  a  new  site. 

Robert  Macnish,  a  noted  Scotch  medical  author  and  essayist;  a  con- 
tributor to  Blackwood's  and  Eraser's  magazines 43  361 

Francis  Hutcheson,  university  professor  of  moral  philosophy  in  Glas- 
gow; one  of  the  founders  of  modern  philosophy  in  Scotland 42  280 

Thomas  Campbell,  celebrated  Scottish  poet  of  Glasgow  birth 42  91 

Alexander  Bain,  university  professor  at  Glasgow 42  37 

John  Stuart  Blackie,  famous  Scotch  professor  of  Greek,  born  in  Glas- 
gow   42  61 

Norman  Macleod,  eminent  Scottish  divine,  editor  of  Good  Words.  .  .  .43  361 

William  Black,  famous  novelist  and  journalist  of  Glasgow  birth 42  61 

Herat :  the  capital  of  the  most  westerly  of  the  three  divi- 
sions of  Afghanistan,  and  one  of  the  principal  marts  of  Central 
Asia.  The  exceedingly  rich  valley  in  which  it  is  situated,  with 
a  remarkably  well-executed  system  of  irrigation,  make  it  the  gar- 
den and  granary  of  the  Northwest  Afghan  and  adjoining  Turko- 
man country.  The  extreme  antiquity  of  Herat  is  marked  by  a 
colossal  earthwork  enclosing  a  quadrangle  of  nearly  a  mile  square. 
This  wall  of  earth  averages  250  feet  wide  at  the  base  and  about 
fifty  feet  in  height,  and  on  it  is  built  a  wall  fourteen  feet  thick 
at  the  base  and  twenty-five  feet  high.  The  present  city  is  in 
large  part  one  of  ruin  and  desolation,  and  excessively  filthy,  with 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCxliii 

the  exception  of  its  street  of  bazaars.  Its  great  mosque,  covering 
an  area  of  800  yards  square,  and  a  most  magnificent  structure 
before  it  began  to  fall  into  ruin,  attests  the  former  greatness 
of  the  place,  when  it  was  the  royal  seat  of  the  descendants  of 
Timur. 

The  most  magnificent  and  refined  city  of  the  world  in  Baber's  time.  3  1141 
Jami,   the  last  of  Persia's  classical  poets,   known  to  Europe  as  the 

Persian  Petrarch,  died  in  Herat  1492 4  2        287 

Leyden :  the  most  famous  of  Dutch  historic  towns;  raised  to 
distinction  by  the  heroic  defense  against  Spanish  siege  which  its 
citizens  made  from  October  1573  to  October  1574;  the  seat  of 
a  noble  university,  founded  in  1575  by  William  of  Orange  in 
honor  of  its  citizen  defenders;  during  the  years  1609-20  the  place 
of  residence  of  the  English  exiles  who  became  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers  of  the  settlement  of  New  England  in  America;  and  in 
the  same  period  the  arena  of  remonstrance  against  rigid  Calvin- 
ism by  moderate  liberals  known  as  Arminians,  with  extreme  per- 
secuting violence  aroused  against  the  liberal  leaders,  of  whom 
Barneveld  was  judicially  murdered,  Grotius  condemned  to  im- 
prisonment, and  all  liberal  preachers  driven  into  exile.  In  recent 
times  the  university  has  enjoyed  European  distinction  as  the  seat 
of  a  Dutch  school  of  advanced  critical  study  of  the  Bible  and  of 
the  origins  of  Christianity. 

John  Robinson's  church  of  English  exiles  at  Leyden,  1609-20, —  the 
famous  <<  Pilgrim  Fathers  >>  of  the  Mayflower  who  landed  at  Ply- 
mouth Rock,  and  made  the  earliest  settlement  of  New  England.  44        127 

Hasebroek,  a  Dutch  preacher  and  poet,  author  of  <  Jonathan's  Truths 

and  Dreams > 42       251 

Nickolaas  Godfried  von  Kampen,  university  professor  at  Leyden,  and 

author  of  historical  works  of  European  reputation 42       296 

Lisbon :  the  historic  capital  of  Portugal ;  with  one  of  the 
finest  harbors  in  the  world,  large  enough  to  hold  all  the  navies  of 
Europe;  and  occupying  a  site  surpassed  in  beauty  by  only  two 
other  cities  of  Europe,  Constantinople  and  Naples;  the  scene  in 
1755  of  an  earthquake  which  within  less  than  ten  minutes  destroyed 
property  to  the  value  of  nearly  $100,000,000,  and  killed  between 
30,000  and  40,000  persons.  Its  finest  structure  is  the  monastery 
and    church    of    Belem,    erected    as    a    monument    to    the    great 


CCCxliv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE   PRINCIPAL 

seamen  of  Portugal.  It  was  begun  in  1500  on  the  spot  from  which 
Vasco  da  Gama  embarked  in  1497  on  the  voyage  by  which  he 
succeeded  in  reaching  India.  New  tombs  to  Da  Gama,  and  to 
Camoens,  whose  splendid  epic  celebrated  Da  Gama's  success,  were 
placed  in  this  church  in   1880. 

Ferreira's  <  Inez  de  Castro,  >  the  second  regular  tragedy  produced  in 

Europe 42        185 

Camoens  at  the  court  of  John  III 8  3132;  42  90 

Palmeirim,  a  popular  poet  at  Lisbon,  entitled  the  B6ranger  of  Portugal  43       415 


London :  the  most  considerable  city  of  the  world ;  a  place  of 
Roman  occupation  early  in  the  first  century  of  our  era;  from  369 
to  412  a  walled  town  held  by  the  Romans  as  their  capital  in 
Britain;  after  the  Roman  departure  from  Britain,  of  declining 
importance  until  the  modern  London  was  founded  by  King  Al- 
fred in  the  last  quarter  of  the  ninth  century.  The  reign  of  Edward 
III.  saw  London  already  strong  in  wealth  and  prosperity.  The 
city  proper  of  London,  in  distinction  from  the  immense  territory 
and  vast  aggregate  of  population  commonly  known  as  London, 
contains  but  668  acres  and  barely  50,000  people  resident  in  its 
houses;  while  the  popular  London  embraces  over  75,000  acres  and 
has  a  population  considerably  exceeding  4,000,000.  The  reason 
why  the  addition  of  suburbs  did  not  proceed,  as  in  most  great 
cities,  was  the  extent  to  which  immense  ecclesiastical  estates  cov- 
ered the  greater  part  of  these  suburbs  and  resisted  municipal 
extension  and  improvement.  In  the  Great  Plague  of  1665  the  city 
and  suburbs  lost  a  fifth  of  the  population,  97,306,  and  in  the 
Great  Fire  of  the  next  year,  which  raged  for  five  days,  fifteen 
city  wards  were  swept  over  and  eight  others  damaged  ;  396  acres 
of  houses,  comprising  400  streets,  13,200  private  houses,  88 
churches,  and  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  were  utterly  consumed.  From 
the  rebuilding  which  followed,  the  modem  ^*  city*^  or  centre  of  the 
great  London  dates.  In  its  vast  aggregate  the  larger  London  is 
the  greatest  centre  in  the  world  of  population,  capital,  activity 
of  every  kind,  political  power  and  prestige,  magnificent  sover- 
eignty, and  intellectual  distinction  and  achievements;  and  the 
history  of  London  surpasses  every  other  in  the  variety  and  extent 
of  its  contributions  to  human  progress. 

London  in  King  Alfred's  time i  390 

Birth  and  life  of  Chaucer 9  3552-55 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OP   INTEREST  CCCxlv 

Walter  Besant's  comprehensive  history  of  London 45  556 

Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  effort  to   make  it  the   European  commercial 

centre  instead  of  Antwerp 45  556 

The  group  of  pre-Shakespearean  dramatists,  Peele,  Nash,  Greene,  and 

Marlowe 28  11258 

Shakespeare's   dramatic   career   in    London,   earliest   creation    of   the 

modern  theatre 33  13168 

Cordial  reception  of  Giordano  Bruno  in  London 6  2613 

Dr.  Thomas  Campion,  physician,  poet,  and  musician 8  3184 

Michael  Drayton's  career  at   London,   9  4877;   his  volume  of  spiritual 

poems  ordered  destroyed  by  Archbishop  Whitgift 12  4877 

Ben  Jonson,  a  typical  Londoner  all  his  life 21  8341 

Thomas  Dekker,  the  Dickens  of  London  in  the  time  of  James  1 11  4521 

Light  thrown  on  the  social  life  of  London  early  in  the  seventeenth 

century  by  Dekker's  pamphlets  and  plays 11  4522 

Faithful  picture  of  life  in  London,  given  by  the  plays  of  Dekker,  Hey- 

wood,  Middleton,  and  others 4  1679 

Career  of  the  dramatic  poet  and  actor  Thomas  Heywood  in  Shakes- 
peare's time 18  7345 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher  at  the  Mermaid  Inn 4  1675 

Drummond  of  Hawthornden  interviews  Ben  Jonson 12  4914 

Thomas  Fuller  on  London 15  6135 

Every   phase    of   London   life   for   the   years    1659-69  touched   on   in 

Pepys's  Diary 28  11287 

Evelyn's  story  of  the  Great  Fire  in  London 14  5597 

^Old  Time  London,  >  by  W.  Besant,  the  first  part  of  a  great  work  on 

London 4  1840 

Addison's  literary  career  in  London  ........      i    155-58 

Daniel  Defoe's  notable  career  as  a  journalist  and  novelist 11  4479-84 

Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  pastor  in  London 38  15717 

Long  visit  of  Montesquieu  in  London    i  362 

The   philosopher    Berkeley  alarmed   at   the   prospect    of   the    ruin  of 

Great  Britain 4  1802 

London  merely  an  aggregation  of  villages  in  Fielding's  time 14  5698 

Distinction  of  Samuel  Johnson  as  one  of  the  greatest  figures  of  Brit- 
ish literature 21  8283 ;  42  291 

Immense  dramatic  success  of  Sheridan 34  133 18 

Mark  Akenside,  a  brilliant  physician  and  poet i  253 

Brilliant  literary  and  social  career  of  Horace  Walpole . . .  .  3 8   15565-67;  43  558 

Thomas  Chatterton's  literary  venture  in  London g  3541 

Literary  career  of  Oliver  Goldsmith ...16  6501 

Benjamin  Franklin  elected  member  of  the  Royal  Society 15  5927 

Brilliant  parliamentary  career  of  Edmund  Burke \  .7  2779 

Joel  Barlow's  residence  in  London 4  1558 

Mrs.  Abigail  Adams's  observations  on  London  society i    100-09 


CCCxlvi  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

William  Blake,  the  poet,  painter,  and  visionary 5  2041 

Career  of  the  literary  statesman  Canning 8  3189 

Unsurpassed  excellence  of  Praed  as  a  writer  of  society  verse 30  11757 

Career  of  the  humorist  clergfyman,  R.  H.  Barham 4  1505 

Intellectual  and  social  distinction  of  Sydney  Smith  in  the  early  years 

of  Victoria 34  13557 

Samuel  Rogers,  a  London  literary  autocrat  of  the  breakfast  table  for 

over  half  a  century 31  12345 

Gerald  Griffin's  literary  career 17  6699 

Brilliant  literary  career  of  Maginn  as  editor  of  Eraser's  Magazine  .  .  .24  9564 
The  University  of   London,  established  through  the   direct  agency  of 

the  poet  Campbell 8  3163 

Brilliant  career  of  Thomas  Hood,  as  a  London  humorist  and  poet,  .19  7589 

The  poet  Wordsworth  on   <  London,  1802  > 39  16215 

The  career  of  the  Irish  poet  Moore  in  London  from  1799  to  1852  ...  .26  10272 
Douglas  Jerrold's  career  as  a  dramatist,  journalist,  and  humorist .  2  i   8257,  8258 

Leigh  Hunt's  literary  career    19    7791-94 

W.  B.  Jerrold,  brilliant  editor  of  Lloyd's  newspaper 42  289 

Religious  and  social  career  of  F.   D.  Maurice  from  1834  until  1866  .25      9829 

Career  of  Samuel  Lover  with  Irish  sketches  and  novels   23     9217 

Extraordinary  eminence  of  Michael    Faraday  in   electrical  researches 

at  the  Royal  Institution  in  London 42   179;  44  128 

The  career  of  Charles  Dickens,  as  humorist,  novelist,  and  editor  .  .  .  ,  1 1      4627 

Henry  Thomas  Buckle,  one  of  its  great  scholars 6        2673 

His  brilliant  success  with  his  <  History  of  Civilization   in   England  > 

6  2674 ;   4  2  81 

Herbert  Spencer  begins  his  great  career  in  London  (1848-98) 35    13708 

Business  and  literary  career  of  John  Stuart  Mill 25   10007-10 

Brilliant  succession  of  John  Tyndall  to  Faraday  at  the  Royal  Institu- 
tion  37    15141;  43    535 

John    Ramsay   McCulloch,  Scottish   writer  on   statistics  and   political 

■    economy;  university  professor  in  London 43       358 

Career   in    London    of    Procter,    «The    Beloved    and    Honored    Barry 

Cornwall » 3  o    11850 

Career  of  George  Henry  Lewes,  1817-78 23      9037 

George  Eliot's  career  in  London .13      5363 

Distinction  of  Charles  Reade  in  his  purpose  novels 31    12105 

London   life    and    English    politics    brilliantly    depicted    in    Anthony 

Trol lope's  «  Parliamentary  Series  »  of  novels 37    15034 

Career  of  Dr.  James  Martineau  in  London  from  1847  to  1887 24     9760 

The  Irish  poet  AUingham  as  editor  of  Eraser's  Magazine i  430 

Career  in  science  of  T.  H.  Huxley 19  7807-1  r 

Literary  career  of  Mathilde  Blind 5        2075 

Laurence  Hutton's  eminence  as  a  journalist ;  author  of  <  Literary  Land- 
marks of  London > 44  .     113 

Sir  John  Lubbcx^k,  London  banker,  scientist,  and  man  of  letters 23      9279 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCxlvii 

Mrs.  Braddon's  <Mohawks,>  a  superb  study  of   life  and  of  historical 

characters  in  London  in  the  time  of  Pope 5        2280 

Rare   charm   of   Miss    Thackeray's    <  Little    Scholars    in    the    London 

Schools  > 31    12273 

William  Black,  editor  in  London  (1864-74) 5   1983 ;  42  61 

Career  of  the  Novelist,  W.   E.  Norris 27    10685 

W.  E.  Henley  preeminently  a  poet  of  London  streets  and  scenes  ...18  7237 
Story  of  the  slums  of   London  in  <A  Child  of   the   Jago,*  44   151;   a 

less  repulsive  picture  in    Besant's  <  Children  of   Gibeon,>  44  149; 

George  Gissing's  pictures  of  common  life  in  London 45  496,  540 

Arthur  Morrison's  < Tales'  representing  life  in  the  slums 43       392 

Nadal's  (American)  <  Impressions  of  London  Social  Life> 45        513 

Madrid :  a  centrally  but  otherwise  poorly  situated  city  of 
vSpain;  declared  its  capital  by  Philip  II.,  in  1561,  when  it  had  a 
population  of  30,000.  The  picture  gallery  founded  by  Charles 
III.  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Europe;  the  opera  house  has  the 
same  exceptional  distinction;  the  bull  ring  owned  by  the  pro- 
vincial council  seats  14,000;  but  the  churches  are  mostly  small 
and  insignificant.  In  its  magnificent  central  avenues,  handsome 
squares,  streets  planted  with  trees,  and  numerous  splendid  build- 
ings, Madrid  presents  a  most  attractive  appefarance,  and  is  one 
of  the  beautiful  capitals  of  Europe. 

Alarcon  y  Mendoza,  the  last  great  dramatist  of  the  old  Spanish  school, 

creator  of  character  comedy,  in  public  office  in  Madrid,   1628-39,. 4 2  9 

Gil  y  Zdrate,  university  professor  and  head  of  modern  Spanish  drama.  4 2  216 

Gutierrez,  a  Spanish   dramatist,  immensely  popular  in  Madrid 42  241 

Alarcon  y  Ariza,  notable  in  politics,  journalism,  and  literature...!  262;  42  9 
Angela    Grassi's    succession    of   brilliant   novels    widely   read    by    the 

middle  classes 42  230 

Barrantes,  notable  literary  character  at   Madrid,  from    1848 42  44 

Echegaray's  official  and  literary  career 13    5101,  5102 

Emilio  Castelar,  professor  of  history  in  the  university  of  Madrid.  .  .  .42  97 

Madrid  society  as  treated  in   Pereda's  <  La   Montalvez' 29  11308 

The  city  and  its  suburbs,  the  favorite  scenes  of  Galdos's  novels 15  6162 

Manchester:  a  notable  centre  of  English  trade,  the  mart  of 
the  most  extensive  manufacturing  district  in  the  world;  not  less 
a  principal  city  of  the  kingdom  in  strong  interest  in  public 
affairs;  intensely  democratic  and  radical;  the  chief  seat  of  the 
Victoria  university,  notable  for  giving  science  a  large  place  in 
its  educational  system;  its  Town  Hall  the  finest  in  Europe,  a 
structure  covering  8,648  square  yards  and  costing  $5,265,000. 
Manchester  was  described  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  time  as  <*  surpassing 


CCCxlviii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

neighbouring  towns,  ^^  and  in  1724  as  ^Uhe  largest,  most  rich,  pop- 
ulous, and  busy  village  in  England,*^  with  "trade  incredibly- 
large."  It  was  here,  shortly  after  the  last  date,  that  there  began 
in  England  the  industrial  revolution,  caused  by  adoption  of  the 
factory  system.  The  steam  engine,  the  canal,  and  the  railway 
were  made  to  serve  trade  and  commerce  earlier  here  than  any- 
where else;  and  to-day  a  ship  canal  makes  Manchester,  thirty-one 
miles  east  of  Liverpool,  an  inland  seaport.  At  no  point  in  Eng- 
land are  knowledge  and  intellectual  development  more  advanced 
than  in  this  great  Lancashire  mart  of  the  British  manufacture  of 
cotton,  the  political  capital  of  the  north  of  England.  The  intel- 
lectual history  of  Manchester  includes  the  story  of  Dalton,  one  of 
the  chief  founders  of  modern  chemistry,  and  the  work  of  Joule, 
one  of  the  foremost  English  masters  of  physics. 

Mrs.  Gaskell's  notable  distinction  as  a  novelist ;  her  <  Mary  Barton  >  a 

picture  of  the  dark  side  of  Manchester  factory  life 15  6205 ;  4  2  209 

Edwin   Waugh's   <  Sketches  of  Lancashire   Life   and   Localities,'  and 

<Home  Life  of  the  Lancashire   Factory-Folk' 43        564 

W.  H.  Ainsworth,  a  famous  Manchester  author,  produced  250  popular 

novels ^ I   235 1428 

Mrs.  Hodgson  Burnett's  early  home,  from  which  she  came  to  America. 

7  2809 ;  42  84 

Moscow :  Russian  history  shows  five  successive  centres  of 
administration  and  development, —  Kieff,  Novgorod,  Pskoff,  Mos- 
cow, and  St.   Petersburg. 

Kieff,  in  the  southwest,  on  the  Dneiper,  was  founded  in  864. 
Here  Russia's  earliest  saint,  Vladimir,  caused  his  people  to  be 
baptized;  here  was  the  seat  of  the  first  Christian  church,  school, 
and  library,  in  Russia,  when  Constantinople  sent  missionaries  to 
convert  the  Slavs.  For  376  years  Kieff  was  an  independent  Rus- 
sian city  and  capital,  with  more  or  less  sovereignty  over  other 
Russian  centres.  Its  cathedral  of  St.  Sophia,  founded  in  1037, 
by  Yaroslaff,  is  the  oldest  in  the  Russian  Empire.  Its  chief  mon- 
astery, connected  with  which  are  catacombs  containing  many 
tombs  of  famous  saints,  and  visited  every  year  by  about  350,000 
pilgrims,  is  the  principal  sacred  place  of  Russian  pilgrimage. 
Mongol  conquest  subjected  Kieff  for  eighty  years,  from  1240;  then 
for  two  hundred  and  forty-nine  years  it  was  a  part  of  Lithuania, 
and  for  ninety-nine  years  belonged  to  Poland.  It  was  united  to 
Russia  again  in  1667. 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCxlix 

Novgorod,  or  *^  New-town,  *^  represents  early  Slavonian  settle- 
ment as  it  advanced  northward  from  Kieff.  Its  name  refers  to 
the  fact  that  it  was  founded  later  than  the  fort  which  first 
served  the  settlers.  It  was  here  that  the  Slavonian  population 
invited  Rurik  and  his  companions  to  establish  the  Norse  rule 
which  was  the  foundation  of  the  Russian  dynasty  and  state  (in 
862).  A  certain  dependence  on  Kieff  was  long  recognized,  but 
for  five  hundred  years  Novgorod  maintained  independent  Home 
Rule  in  Republican  form  on  the  basis  of  a  charter  granted  by 
its  prince,  in  997.  Its  situation  on  the  great  highway  of  com- 
merce from  Constantinople  to  the  Scandinavian  centres  of  trade 
for  all  northern  Europe  enabled  it  to  develop  an  immense  trade, 
and  very  great  wealth,  and  to  become  a  strong  centre  of  coloniza- 
tion to  the  North  and  East.  It  was  strong  enough  to  repel  both 
Swedish  and  German  invasions,  in  1240  and  1242,  and  to  escape 
Mongol  conquest,  which  about  1240  overwhelmed  Kieff  and  left 
Novgorod  its  successor,  for  more  than  two  hundred  years,  as  the 
chief  city  of  Russia.  From  1456  Moscow  began  its  subjection, 
and  in  great  part  its  destruction, —  a  work  which  St.  Petersburg 
ultimately  completed. 

PsKOFF,  originally  a  colony  of  Novgorod,  ultimately  became  a 
strong  independent  republic,  and  even  more  democratic  than 
Novgorod.  The  extensive  trade  which  it  secured  made  it  a  city 
large  enough  to  establish  forty-two  large  and  wealthy  churches, 
and  numerous  monasteries,  and  to  enclose  its  various  sections, 
and  even  its  suburbs,  with  strong  walls,  the  ruins  of  which  are 
still  to  be  seen.  After  the  fall  of  Novgorod,  in  1475,  Pskoff 
alone  remained  independent  of  Moscow,  and  this  lasted  only  un- 
til 15 10,  when  Moscow  abolished  its  sovereignty,  took  away  its 
bell,  gave  its  wealth  to  Moscow  merchants  settling  there,  and  put 
it  under  a  Moscow  governor.  The  last  vestiges  of  its  self-gov- 
ernment were  abolished  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
and  from  that  time  the  ancient  city  fell  into  rapid  decay. 

Moscow  became  an  important  commercial  city  in  the  four- 
teenth century,  largely  owing  to  its  central  position  in  the  re- 
gion where  Russian  nationality  was  first  developed.  About  the 
end  of  the  fifteenth  century  no  fewer  than  18,000  of  the  richest 
Novgorod  merchant  families,  with  the  entire  trade  of  that  city, 
were  transported  to  Moscow  and  towns  dependent  on  it.  Upon 
the   conquest   of   Siberia   its   trade    extended   eastward   to   China, 


CCCl  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

and  in  the  sixteenth  century  nearly  the  whole  trade  of  Russia 
was  centred  at  Moscow,  which  became  the  great  storehouse  and 
exchange-mart  for  the  merchandise  of  Europe  and  Asia.  Even 
the  opening  of  a  port  at  St.  Petersburg,  which  at  first  affected 
Moscow  unfavorably,  did  not  prevent  an  enormous  increase  of 
its  Asiatic  and  internal  trade.  Peter  the  Great  was  driven  to 
seek  a  new  capital  by  the  antagonism  which  his  reforming  plans 
excited  in  Moscow.  It  has  remained  the  most  venerated,  and 
in  many  respects  the  most  considerable  city  of  Russia.  It  is 
second  only  to  St.  Petersburg  as  an  industrial  and  manufactur- 
ing centre;  and  is  supremely  important  from  its  central  position, 
where  the  streams  of  Asiatic  and  European  commerce  meet.  The 
Kremlin  or  *  Citadel  '*  of  Moscow,  a  fortress  enclosure  dating  from 
1300,  and  encircled  (in  1367)  with  stone  walls,  with  eighteen 
towers  and  five  gates,  has  within  it  the  grandest  of  Russian 
cathedrals,  built  for  the  metropolitan  of  central  Russia  in  1326, 
and  rebuilt  in  1475-79.  Other  buildings  within  the  Kremlin  en- 
closure are  two  other  cathedrals;  numerous  minor  churches  and 
monasteries;  the  Ivan  Veliki  tower,  270  feet  high,  built  in  1600 
by  Boris  Godunoff;  four  palaces  of  special  historic  interest;  the 
arsenal;  and  the  Hall  of  the  Synod.  To  Russian  traditional  feel- 
ing this  fortress  enclosure  is  the  Holy  City  of  the  empire.  Out- 
side the  Kremlin  a  colossal  "Temple  of  the  Saviour,'^  built  to 
commemorate  1812;  an  immense  bazaar;  museums,  libraries,  pic- 
ture galleries,  monasteries,  and  the  university  frequented  by  be- 
tween 3,000  and  4,000  students, —  not  to  speak  of  palaces  and 
monasteries  in  the  suburbs,  contribute  to  make  **  Moscow  the 
Holy*  to  Russian  feeling  the  real  capital  of  the  empire. 
Bodenstedt  in  the  family  of  Prince  Galitzin 5        21 16 

Munich  :  the  capital  of  Bavaria ;  one  of  the  handsomest  cities 
in  Germany;  unrivaled  in  its  art  treasures  and  its  aesthetic  devel- 
opment ;  notable  for  its  school  of  painting  and  for  the  architectural 
developments  which,  since  1825,  have  added  to  its  attractions. 
Its  university,  attended  by  more  than  3,000  students,  ranks  among 
the  first  in  Europe;  its  National  Library  has  over  1,000,000  vol- 
umes; its  art  collections, —  sculpture,  paintings,  engravings,  and 
drawings, —  are  extraordinarily  rich;  and  its  palaces,  imposing 
galleries,  museums,  theatres,  and  other  public  edifices,  notably 
exemplify  artistic  development  hardly  equaled. 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF  LINES  OF   INTEREST  cCcH 

Agassiz's  university  room  in  Munich  called  «The  Little  Academy »..i  210 

Dingelstedt  National  Theatre  manager  in  Munich 12     4705 

Dollinger,  celebrated  German  Old  Catholic  historical  scholar;  presi- 
dent of  the  Academy  of  Science,  at  Munich;  author  of  important 

works  on  Christian  history 42        149 

Settlement  of  Bodenstedt  in  Munich   5        21 16 

Wilhelm  Hertz,  a  poet  at  Munich  of  the  circle  including  Geibel, 
Heyse,  and  Bodenstedt;   university  professor,   lecturer,  and  critic 

of  high  authority 42       262 

Retirement  of  Ebers  to  Munich,  1889 13     5092 

New  Haven  :  one  of  the  earliest  Puritan  colonial  settlements 
(1638)  of  New  England;  with  surrounding  settlements,  planted 
later,  the  basis  of  a  State,  the  same  as  Massachusetts,  Connecticut 
(at  Hartford  and  along  the  river  of  that  name),  and  Rhode 
Island;  by  a  gross  injustice  merged  in  its  rival  colony,  Connecti- 
cut, in  1662;  the  second  place  in  New  England  to  plant  a  college, 
now  Yale  University;  for  a  much  longer  period  than  Harvard  a 
strictly  Puritan  seat  of  study  and  culture;  in  very  recent  years 
broadly  developed  on  liberal  lines;  notable  especially  for  its  early 
creation,  through  the  munificence  of  a  citizen,  of  a  great  school 
of  science,  ranking  with  the  best  in  the  world.  In  its  wealth, 
culture,  large  variety  of  manufactures,  and  great  natural  attrac- 
tions, New  Haven  is  unrivaled  among  university  cities  in  America. 

John   Davenport,  Puritan   divine,  one  of  the  founders   of  a  colony  of 

New  Haven 42        133 

The  English  philosopher,  Berkeley,  contributes  to  Yale  College 4        1803 

Joel  Barlow,  early  American  poet  at  Yale  College   4        1557 

Timothy  Dwight,  American   educator   of  great   distinction;   president 

of  Yale  College,   1 795-1817   42        159 

John  C.  Calhoun's  training  at  Yale 7        3087 

Dr.  Leonard  Bacon,    distinguished  American  divine;    minister  of  the 

oldest  Puritan  church  of  New  Haven  for  more  than    fifty  years  .42         34 

Theodore  D.  Woolsey,  eminent  educator  and  president  of  Yale 43        584 

S.  Wells  Williams,  professor  of  Chinese  at  Yale 43        577 

Noah  Porter,  notable  author  of  text-books,  and  instructor  in  intellectual 

philosophy  at  Yale  from  1846;  university  president,  1871-85 43       437 

W.  D.  Whitney,  most  eminent  American  Sanskritist;  professor  at 
Yale  University  from    1854;  of   gfreat  distinction   for   writings   of 

permanent   value 43    572-73 

James  Dwight  Dana,  eminent  American  scientist;  epoch-making  pro- 
fessorship at  Yale  University 42        130 

Othniel  Charles  Marsh,  notably  distinguished  professor  of  palaeon- 
tology at  Yale  University  from  1866 ;  creator  of  a  most  remarkable 
museum  of  not  otherwise  known  fossil  specimens 43       370 


CCClii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

New  Orleans:  a  French  colonial  city,  founded  in  1718;  made 
a  capital  of  French  power  in  1726;  transferred  to  Spain  with  the 
rest  of  Louisiana,  1763;  ceded  back  to  France  in  1802  and  a  few 
days  later  transferred  to  the  United  States;  incorporated  as  a  city 
in  1804;  from  1836  to  1852  administered  as  three  separate  munic- 
ipalities on  account  of  race  jealousies  and  antagonisms;  then 
consolidated  into  one  again,  and  later  greatly  enlarged  by  annex- 
ation of  suburban  towns ;  a  city  now  with  thirteen  miles  of  frontage 
on  the  Mississippi,  railway  lines  aggregating  nearly  20,000  miles, 
and  more  than  a  score  of  lines  of  steamships,  making  it  the 
second  city  of  the  United  States  in  exports.  In  its  mingling  of 
races,  English,  French  (Creole),  German,  Irish,  Italian,  Spanish, 
Scandinavian,  and  Jewish,  besides  negroes,  next  to  the  English- 
American  in  number,  and  Indians,  Chinese,  and  Malays,  it  is  more 
cosmopolitan  in  culture  than  any  other  American  city,  and  in  its 
representative  class,  English  or  French  in  origin,  of  notable  social 
refinement  and  intellectual  distinction. 

Miss   Grace   King's   <  New   Orleans,  the   Place   and  the   People,^  and 
*Life    of    Bienville, >   the   founder   of  New  Orleans,    43  304;    her 

story  of  Jackson's  battle  of  New  Orleans 21      8574 

The  old  character  of  New  Orleans  pictured  in  Cable's  novels 7        3017 

A  story  of  New  Orleans,  by  T.  B.  Aldricb i  325 


New  York:  the  third  wealthiest  city  on  the  globe;  as  a 
shipping  port  the  first  in  the  world,  since  very  recent  gains;  in 
many  rich  developments  and  large  achievements  the  Gate  Beau- 
tiful of  America,  where  commerce,  travel,  and  culture  go  and 
come  from  and  for  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  harbor  formed 
by  an  inner  bay  of  fourteen  square  miles  is  one  of  the  largest, 
most  secure,  and  most  picturesque  anywhere  existing.  In  the 
assemblage  of  its  educational  institutions,  universities  and  medi- 
cal schools  especially,  New  York's  later  development  has  been 
rapid  and  brilliant;  the  Columbia  University  especially  winning 
immense  metropolitan  distinction  by  a  grand  reconstruction  on  a 
site  unsurpassed  for  interest  and  promise. 

The  bay  on  which  New  York  is  built  was  first  entered  by 
John  Verrazani,  a  Florentine  explorer,  in  1525,  and  but  for  a 
storm  settlement  might  have  begun  almost  a  hundred  years  earlier 
than  it  did.  Henry  Hudson,  the  English  navigator  who  gave 
his   name    to    Hudson's   Bay,    and    to    New    York's    great    river. 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCCliii 

sailed    a   hundred   miles  up    this   stream    in    1609.     In    1614    the 

Dutch   built  a  fort,  and  in   16 14  began  a  settlement,  called  New 

Amsterdam,  which  passed  under  English  control  in  1674,  and 
was  renamed  New  York. 

A  commercial  town  of  but  25,000  people  in  Washington  Irving's  time.  20  7993 

Mrs.  Martha  Lamb's  <  History  of  the  City  of  New  York> 43  322 

Charles  Brockden  Brown's  novels,  brought  out  during  a  residence  of 

five  years  in  New  York,  1 796-1801    6  2427 

Washington  Irving's  <  Knickerbocker  History  of  New  York^ 20  7995 

Fitz-Greene  Halleck's  counting-room  life  in  New  York  for  thirty-six 

years 17  6861 

Bryant's  great  distinction  as  a  journalist  and  public  character 6  2625 

Horace  Greeley's  great  journalistic  and  political  distinction,  from  1834  .  i  7  6654 
Career  of  George  W.  Curtis  as  editor,  publicist,  and  orator,  i  o  4222 ; 

his  satire  on  New  York  society  in  <  The  Potiphar  Papers  > 45  458 

Career  in  journalism  and  fiction  of  Fitz-James  O'Brien 27  10733 

Dr.  H.  W.  Bellows,  eminent  preacher  and  public  leader  in  New  York,  .42  53 

Rev.  Dr.  Morgan  Dix,  rector  of  Trinity  parish  from  1862 42  146 

Dr.  Lyman  Abbott,  eminent  liberal  preacher  and  religious  journalist  ..42  2 

Success  and  distinction  of  Wm.  C.  Prime  as  Journalist  and  author  .  .30  11820 
E.  L.  Godkin's    journalistic  career,    as  editor  of  The    Nation;   later, 

of  the  Evening  Post 16  6373 

Editorial  career  with  Harper  &  Brothers  of  Henry  M.  Alden i  303 

T.  A.  Janvier's  sketches  of  life  in  New  York 20  8117 

Charles  Anthon,  eminent  Columbia  university  professor  and  author 

of  a  great  number  of  classical  text-books 42  21 


Oxford :  England's  largest  and  most  notable  historic  seat  of 
learning,  of  the  nurture  of  English  genius  for  knowledge  and 
power,  of  the  supply  to  her  statesmanship  of  characters  eminent 
for  intellectual  vigor  and  moral  energy,  and  of  the  inspiration  of 
scholars  and  thinkers  to  enthusiasm  for  religious,  ethical,  and 
humane  interests,  in  society,  the  church,  the  masses  of  the  people, 
and  the  remote  lands  to  which  time  and  events  have  extended 
English  power.  From  King  Alfred's  time,  when  <^  London  and 
Oxford  ^^  was  a  summary  of  the  kingdom,  it  was  national  and 
strategic  importance  which  made  Oxford  a  place  of  note  down  to 
the  last  half  of  the  thirteenth  century.  It  was  in  succession  to  this 
importance  that  Oxford  became  the  intellectual  capital  of  Eng- 
land. In  the  year  11 33  Robert  Pullen  arrived  at  Oxford  from 
Paris,  and  delivered  lectures  on  the  Bible.  A  few  years  later  Va- 
carius,  who  had  studied  at  Bologna,  and  represented  the  teaching 
23 


CCcliv  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

of  Irnerius,  introduced  the  study  of  law.  In  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury assistance  for  poor  students  was  undertaken,  and  halls,  li- 
censed for  the  residence  of  students,  began  to  be  established. 
In  the  year  1257,  Oxford  was  second  only  to  Paris,  with  an  at- 
tendance of  probably  3,000.  The  earliest  colleges  founded  were 
University  College,  in  1249;  Balliol  College,  about  1263;  and  Mer- 
ton  College,  in  1264.  This  last  foundation  was  upon  a  basis 
independent  of  the  religious  orders,  and  its  statutes  became  a 
model  for  later  colleges,  not  only  at  Oxford,  but  at'  Cambridge. 
The  religious  orders  referred  to  were  the  Dominican,  Franciscan, 
Carmelite,  and  Austin  Friars,  who  had  successively  come  to 
Oxford  in  1221,  1224,  1253,  and  1268,  to  seize  the  opportunity 
by  schools  and  lectures  of  their  own  of  making  the  young 
scholars  monks,  instead  of  simply  clergy.  Even  other  monkish 
orders  came,  and  the  struggle  was  a  severe  one,  with  the  ad- 
vantage on  the  side  of  the  friars  because  they  provided  home 
residence  and  discipline  for  students.  The  Merton  College  plan 
provided  this,  but  under  no  monkish  vows,  and  English  freedom 
very  soon  (by  1525)  gave  support  to  ten  colleges,  additional  to 
the  three  named  above,  some  of  which  were  great  foundations, 
each  providing  home  residence  and  discipline  for  a  body  of 
students  and  teachers,  and  all  of  them  bound  together  in  a  fed- 
eration constituting  the  university.  The  system  was  one  of  op- 
portunity for  active  minds  rather  than  of  organic  instruction  of 
all  alike,  and  while  results  of  vast  importance  were  reached,  lim- 
itations and  failures  led  to  urgent  pressure  in  our  own  time  for 
reforms  which  are  working  a  great  change,  and  perhaps  not  a 
final  one,  in  university  methods. 

Roger  Bacon  at  Oxford,  a   scholar,  thinker,  and   teacher   far   beyond 

his  age;  founder  in  1267  of  modern  English  science 42    34;  45    475 

John  Wyclif,  the  greatest  schoolman  of  his  time,  an  Oxford  scholar; 
author  of  a  translation  of  the  Bible  into  English,  and  of  power- 
ful writings  against  the  Roman  Catholic  system  then  in  England. 
3  9    16235  ;  4  5    586-87 

<  The  Oxford  Reformers  of  1498 ' :  John  Colet,  founder  of  St.  Paul's 
school,  London;  Erasmus,  the  greatest  of  European  humanists; 
and  Sir  Thomas  More,  author  of  <  Utopia  ^   45       454 

Addison,  a  scholar  at    Oxford  i    149,  150 

Gibbon  found  there  «no  guidance,  no  stimulus,  and  no  discipline »...  16     6271 

Connection  of  John  Henry  Newman  with  Oxford  in  a  critical  period 

of  its  history 27    10597 

Religious  situation  at  Oxford  in  the  time  of  Newman,  Pusey,  and  Keble .  2  5     9828 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ccclv 

Poetical  and  religious  career  of  John   Keble .  .  .21  8514 

Thomas    Arnold,    eminent    educator,    historical     scholar,    and     Broad 

Church  author;  professor  of   modern  history  at  Oxford,  1841-42.  .42  26 

E.  A.  Freeman,  professor  of  History,  1884-92 42  201 

Fronde's  early  development  at  Oxford  of  radical  religious  convictions, 

I  5    6062;  succeeds  Freeman  as  Oxford  professor  of  History 15  6064 

Matthew  Arnold,  broadly  liberal  poet  and  critic ;  professor  of  Poetry  at 

Oxford,   1857-67,  and  made   LL.D.   1870 42  26 

The  English  radical  poet  Clough  at  Oxford 9    3S22-24 

Thomas  Hughes's  <Tom  Brown  at    Oxford  > 19  7696 

Long  connection  of  Charles  Reade  with  Oxford,  but  distaste    for.  .  .  .31  i2io4 

Remarkable  Oriental  scholarship  of  W.  G.   Palgrave 28  iiooi 

W.  E.  Gladstone,  eminent  representative  of  Oxford  culture 16  6359 

Philosophical  distinction  of   Thomas   H.    Green 17  6683 

Settlement  and  notably  fruitful  career  of  Max  Miiller,  as  professor  at 

Oxford  from  1854 26  10426 

Brilliant  critical  career  of  Walter  Pater 28  11158 

Paris  :  after  London  the  largest  city  in  Europe;  and  even 
more  than  London  the  concentration  in  one  splendid  centre  of 
the  political  power;  the  wealth,  society,  and  pleasure;  the  edu- 
cational opportunities;  and  the  art,  literature,  and  science,  of  the 
nation  to  which  it  serves  as  capital.  Unlike  London,  which 
spreads  single  residences  in  great  number  over  a  vast  area,  very 
often  with  some  open  ground  and  small  garden  space,  Paris  is 
built  in  huge  blocks  of  tenements  or  apartments,  each  floor  con- 
stituting a  dwelling,  and  a  common  entrance  serving  for  six  or 
seven  on  as  many  floors.  Under  Napoleon  IIL  immense  renew- 
als of  parts  of  the  city  were  made,  with  wide  and  straight  in- 
stead of  the  old  narrow  and  crooked  streets.  In  these  new 
streets  and  in  her  monuments  and  monumental  buildings,  and  in 
the  rich  and  elegant  character  of  all  places  of  business  or  public 
assembly,  Paris  is  a  spectacle  of  magnificence  which  no  other 
city  in  the  world  attempts  to  parallel. 

Julius  Caesar  found  it  a  collection  of  mud  huts,  and  in  55 
B.  C.  utilized  the  strategic  importance  of  the  locality  by  founding 
an  important  Roman  town,  some  of  the  ruins  of  which  can  still 
be  seen.  It  became  in  the  sixth  century  the  seat  of  government 
of  Clovis,  but  gave  way  under  the  dynasty  of  Charlemagne  to 
Aix-la-Chapelle  as  the  capital;  and  only  under  Hugh  Capet,  in 
the  tenth  century,  became  the  permanent  seat  of  the  kings  of 
France.  Its  great  mediaeval  epoch,  when  it  conspicuously  set  in  mo- 
tion great  modern  tendencies,  was  that  of  the  reign  of  Philippe 


CCClvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Auguste  (i  180-1223).  Its  great  masterpieces  of  Gothic  art,  its 
famous  university,  the  first  in  modern  Europe,  and  its  castle  of 
the  Louvre,  a  strong  citadel,  date  from  this  epoch,  when  Paris 
surpassed  all  other  cities  of  Europe  except  Constantinople. 

About  the  year  iioo,  two  famous  controversies  between  Lan- 
franc  and  Berenger,  and  between  Anselm  and  Roscellinus,  initi- 
ated extraordinary  interest  in  discussion,  and  led  to  study  of 
dialectic  as  the  art  of  reasoning  correctly.  In  the  first  decade 
of  the  twelfth  century,  William  of  Champeaux,  taught  dialectic 
with  great  success  in  Paris,  and  Ab^lard,  his  most  notable  pupil, 
not  only  followed  him  with  extraordinary  success,  but  boldly  ap- 
plied dialectic  to  the  exposition  and  defense  of  rationalism.  Out 
of  this  activity  grew  a  group  of  teachers  attached  to  the  Cathe- 
dral of  Notre  Dame  and  licensed  by  its  chancellor  to  act  as  mas- 
ters of  schools.  These  masters  formed  an  organization,  which 
became  between  the  years  1150  and  1170  the  earliest  university 
of  Paris,  the  first  written  statutes  of  which  were  compiled  about 
the  year  1208,  and  the  position  of  which  was  recognized  by  the 
Pope  about  the  year  121 1.  A  contrast  between  Bologna  and 
Paris,  favorable  to  the  influence  and  reputation  of  the  latter,  was 
the  fact  that  the  instruction  at  Bolonga  was  entirely  professional, 
while  at  Paris  a  much  broader  study  of  knowledge  was  imder- 
taken.  Paris  became  known  as  the  great  school  of  thought  in 
the  field  of  theology,  and  it  remained  the  great  theological  school 
of  the  Middle  Ages,  to  which  vast  crowds  of  students  came  from 
all  parts  of  Europe,  and  from  which  they  carried  back  the  art 
and  culture  of  Paris. 

Abelard,  student  and  lecturer  in  Paris i  19,    20 

The  condition  of  Paris  in  the  Middle  Ages 30  12048 

John  Calvin's  beginning  as  a  Protestant,  A.  D.   1532 8  31 17 

Benvenuto  Cellini  in  Paris  for  five  years 8  3372 

Ainsworth's  story  of  the  students  of  Paris  in  1579 i  238 

Sojourn  of  Descartes  in  Paris 11  4585 

Corneille's  first  success  in  comedy 10  4065 

Scenes  of  Paris  during  the  years  1625-65,  in  three  of  Dumas's  novels.  4  5  461 

Boileau's  satire  upon  the  vices  of  Paris  in  1660 5  2142 

Residence   of  Thomas    Hobbes   in    Paris   on    account   of  hostihty   in 

England  to  his  writings  18  7381 

La  Rochefoucauld,  by  his  < Maxims*  and  his  equally  famous  < Memoirs, > 

a  great  figure  in  French  literature 31  12321 

Reflection  of  the  life  of  Paris  for  the  years   1670-96,  in  the   <  Letters 

of  Madame  de  Sevign6  > 3  3  13^54 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCClvii 

Career  of  La  Bruyere 22  8760 

Influence  of  Perrault  on  the  French  Academy 29  11324 

Career  of  Piron  as  a  hard-working  playwright  and  wittiest  of  French- 
men   29  II 506 

Rousseau's  years  of  anxious  poverty  in  Paris,  1770-78 31  12436 

Voltaire  excluded  from   Paris,  and  settles  in   Switzerland,  38  15453; 

his  visit  of  triumph  to  Paris  before  his  death 38  15454 

Brilliant  career  of  D' Alembert i  354 

Victor  Hugo's  exile  from  Paris  during  1853-70 19  7719 

A    comprehensive    view    of    modern    Paris    in    Victor    Hugo's    <Les 

Miserables  > 4  5  45o 

Welhaven's  sketch  of  < The  Paris  Morgue> 38  15784 

Henri  Murger's  <  Bohemian  >  career  in  the  Latin  Quarter  of  Paris  ...  2  6  10473 
Distinction  of  Saintine  as  a  contributor  to  journals,  author  of  stories, 

and  a  comic  dramatist 32   12678,  12679 

Baudelaire's  critical  work  in  Parisian  journals 4  1619' 

Berlioz's  musical  career 4  1809 

Sainte-Beuve's  long  and  unwearied  devotion  to  weekly  literary  criti- 
cism  .32   12659-62 

Kock's  novels  of  lower-class  life  in  Paris 43  310 

fimile    Gaboriau's   use   of   the   character    of   the    Paris  detective,    M. 

Vidocq 15  6138 

The  literary  and  political  career  of  Francois  Guizot ' 17  6771 

Edgar  Quinet's  exile  from  Paris  for  nineteen  years,  under  Napoleon 

HI 30  11963 

Esquiros's  career  as  an  advocate  of  radical  and  socialistic  reform.  ...  14  5557 

The  debut  of  Gustave  Flaubert 14  5815 

The  cheap  popular  press  of  Paris  originated  by  Girardin 42  219 

Career  of  Charles  Blanc  as  an  art  critic,  5  2051;  becomes  director  of 

Fine  Arts,  1848-50,  and  again  1870-73 5  2052,  2054 

Barbier's  brilliant  satires,  political  and  social,  on  the  depravity  of  the 

higher  classes 42  41 

Buffo n's  career  as  Intendant  at  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  and  author  of 

a  famous  <  Natural  History  > 6  2690 ;  4  2  81 

Bailly,  famous  mayor  of  Paris  (1789) 42  36 

Balzac's  picture  of  the  bourgeois  life,  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution .  4  5  347 
Benjamin  Franklin's  sojourn  of  nearly  nine  years  in  Paris.  ...15   5928 ;  4  2  200 

Later  years  of  the  Italian  dramatist  Goldoni  in  Paris 16  6477 

The  poet  Florian  barely  escaped  the  guillotine 14  5849 

Babeuf's  journal,  the  Tribune  of  the  People  (1794),   advocating  com- 
plete communism 42  33 

Sedaine,  the  originator  in  Paris  of  comic  opera 43  488 

The  first  performance  of  Beaumarchais's  <Tartuffe  > 4  1659 

Mrs.  Abigail  Adams's  social  observations  in  Paris i    94-100 

Agassiz  with  Cuvier  in  Paris i  211 

Delavigne,  famous  for  political  elegies  and  high  comedy 11  4528,  4529 

The  library  salon  of  Charles  Nodier  a  centre   for  the   new  school  of 

French  writers,  1823-44 27  10673 


CCClviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Early  struggle  of  Balzac,   3   1348 ;  immense  product  of  his  pen 42  39 

Singular  figure  of  the  economist  Bastiat 4  1608 

The  Journal  de  Paris  edited  by  Antoine  Jay 42  288 

Mickiewicz's  production  in  Paris  of  his  greatest  work 25  9998 

Lacretelle,  J.  C.  D.  de,  a  noted  French  historian  and  journalist;  univer- 
sity professor,  and  author  of  valuable  works  on  the  history  of 

France 43  320 

Maeterlinck's  <The  Massacre  of  the  Innocents,  >  written  while  he  was 

in  Paris 24  9542 

Heine's  long  Parisian  residence 18  7186,  7187 

Barbey  d'Aurevilly's  contributions  to  the    Pays,  and  founding  of  the 

Reveil - 42  41 

Octave  Feuillet,  a  court  favorite  and  popular  novelist  under  the    sec- 
ond Empire 14  5663 

La  Gueronniere's  editorship  of  the  Pays,  partisanship  of  Napoleon  III.. 

and  notable  political  pamphlets T 43  321 

De  Banville's  <  The  Soul  of  Paris  > 4  1475 

Cladel's    satirical    description    of    the    lower    walks    of    literature    in 

Paris 42  1 10 

Distinguished  educational  career  of  Victor  Duruy 12  5069 

James  Darmesteter,  a  French  Jew,  eminent  as  an  Orientalist 11  4379-81 

Career  in  Paris  of  Leconte  de  Lisle 22  8952 

Extraordinary    popularity   of     Gustave    Droz's    sketches   of   everyday 

life 12  4885 

Literary  and  educational  career  of  Jean  Mace 24  9473 

Gaston  Boissier,  an  eminent  professor  at  the  College  of  France  ....  5  2152 

Astounding  success  of  the  play   ^  Camille,  >   by   Dumas,    Jr 12  5002 

Special    distinction  during   a   long  career   of   Sarcey   as   a   dramatic 

critic 32  12825 

Gevaert,  inspector  of  music  at  the  Academy,  and  author  of  studies  of 

musical  history 42  214 

Cherbuliez,  an  extremely  popular  French  novelist 9  3609 

Distinction  of  Pailleron  as  a  novelist,  poet,  and  playwright 28  10961 

Halevy's  sketches  and  stories  of  Paris  life  17  6832 

Ludwig  Kalisch's  *■  Paris  and  London  > 43  296 

Henri    Becque,  the  pioneer  of  realism  on   the   Parisian   stage 42  50 

fimile  Zola's    <  Paris  > 3  9  16290 

Extraordinary  popularity  of  the  poems  of  Heredia ...18  7278 

The' Danish  literary  critic  Brandes  in  a  long  visit  in  Paris 5  2301 

Frangois  Coppee's  career 10  4046 

Brunetiere,  Lemaitre,  and  France,  the    chief   Parisian  critics 22  8963 

Ferdinand  Brunetiere  as  Sainte-Beuve's  successor 6  2603 

Literary  life  in  Paris  painted  in  a  novel  by  Anatole  France 44  92 

Du  Camp's  elaborate  study  of  Paris  in  six  volumes 12  4952 

G.  W.  Curtis  on  the  charm   of  Paris 10  4233 

«The    world's    centre    of   wit,    sensual   tolerance,    and    moral   skepti- 
cism » I  r  4599 

Hashish  Club,  its  meetings  in  Paris 4  1618 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ccclix 

Philadelphia :  William  Penn's  city  of  brotherly  love  and  re- 
ligious liberty;  founded  in  1682;  among  American  cities  even, 
exceptionally  English  in  the  number  of  its  comfortable  single 
residences  and  the  thoroughness  of  its  culture;  in  Revolutionary 
times  the  foremost  American  city;  still  preserves  the  Carpenters* 
Hall  in  which  the  first  patriot  Congress  met  (September  4,  1774), 
and  the  old  State  House,  since  known  as  Independence  Hall,  where 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  adopted  in  1776.  To  Phila- 
delphia belongs  the  interest  also  of  the  convention  which  framed 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  in  1787,  and  of  the  pres- 
ence of  the  Government  there  from  1790  to  1800,  including  seven 
years  of  Washington's  service  as  President.  A  notable  glory, 
moreover,  of  the  Quaker  city  is  the  career  there  of  the  second 
greatest  American  of  colonial  times,  Benjamin  Franklin.  The 
academy  founded  by  the  sons  of  William  Penn  became  a  college 
in  1755,  and  a  university  in  1779,  and  the  developments  of  more 
than  a  hundred  years  have  made  it  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
broadly  effective  of  American  seats  of  learning.  In  medicine 
especially,  apart  from  the  university  as  well  as  in  connection 
with  it,  Philadelphia  has  long  held  the  highest  rank,  not  only  in 
the  United  States,  but  in  comparison  with  the  great  foreign  seats 
of  medical  instruction. 

Benjamin  Franklin's  distinction  in  science,  statesmanship,  and  char- 
acter   42       200 

Thomas  Paine,  notable  writer  at  Philadelphia  in  support  of  the 
American  Revolution;  came  to  America  through  the  interest  of 
Franklin 28    10976 

John  Dickinson,  eminent  American  patriot,  president  of  Pennsylvania 

1782-85 42        144 

Charles  Brockden  Brown,  of  Philadelphia  birth;  a  notable  early 
American  novelist  in  New  York ;  his  later  career,  as  an  editor,  in 
Philadelphia 6   2427 ;  4  2  78 

Doctor   Albert   Barnes,    notable   preacher,    instrumental   in    founding 

New  School  Presbyterianism 42         43 

Organization  of  Girard  College  ( 1836) 42         33 

Franklin  Bache,  eminent  physician  and  professor  of  chemistry  of  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia;  a  medical  author  of 
great  distinction 42         33 

Alexander  Dallas  Bache,  professor  of  natural  philosophy  and  chemis- 
try of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  first  president  of  Girard 
College;  United  States  Coast  Survey  superintendent 42         33 

William  Henry  Furness,  an  American  liberal  preacher  and  religious 

writer,  Unitarian  pastor  for  fifty  years  in  Philadelphia 42       205 


CCClx  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

John  W.  Forney,  eminent  Philadelphia  journalist 42        195 

George  H.  Boker,  poet  and  dramatist;  United  States  minister  to  Tur- 
key,  1871-75,  and  to  Russia,  1875-79 42         66 

David  Paul  Brown,  an  eminent  lawyer,  author  of  <  Forty  Years'  Full 

Practice  at  the  Philadelphia  Bar  > 42         78 

Remarkable  learning,  discernment,  and  power  of  exposition  shown  in 

the  historical  works  of  Henry  Charles  Lea 43        331 

George  W.  Childs,  eminent  Philadelphia  journalist  and  philanthropist.  42        107 

Joseph  Jefferson,  of  «  Rip  Van  Winkle »  fame,  unsurpassed  American 

comedian;  author  of  a  delightful  <Auto biography > 42   288;  45  15 

S.  Weir  Mitchell,  a  physician  of  distinction,  author  of  valuable  medical 

works,  and  a  novelist  of  rare  genius  and  great  popularity .  2  5  10123;  43  385 

Daniel  G.  Brinton,  American  surgeon,  archaeologist,  and  ethnologist; 

professor  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  in  Philadelphia  .  .  .42         75 

Horace  Howard  Furness,  American  Shakespearean  scholar  of  the 
highest  distinction;  editor  of  an  exhaustive  New  Variorum  Edi- 
tion of  the  plays  of  Shakespeare 42       205 

Mrs.  A.  L.  (Furness)  Wister,  a  notable  author  of  excellent  transla- 
tions of  choice  foreign  novels 43        581 

Mrs.    Sarah    (Butler)    Wister,  daughter  of   Fanny  Kemble;  author  of 

poems,  and  of  translations  from  the  French 43        581 

Owen   Wister,    lawyer  of   Philadelphia;    author  of  short   stories   and 

novels 39  16101;  43   581 


Prague :  the  capital  of  Bohemia,  and  the  third  largest  city 
of  Austria- Hungary,  of  which  Bohemia  is  a  principal  province. 
Founded  in  the  first  years  of  the  twelfth  century, —  on  a  site  of 
exceptional  beauty,  and  rich  in  edifices  of  historic  interest  and 
buildings  which  are  monuments  of  architectural  art, —  race  feeling 
among  the  Czechs,  who  are  a  large  part  of  the  population,  gives 
it  a  place  of  national  distinction.  Its  university,  founded  in  1348 
with  a  munificent  endowment,  brought  foreigners  to  Prague  from 
every  part  of  Europe;  not  less  than  10,000  students  being  in 
attendance  at  the  beginning  of  the  fifteenth  century;  but  the  Ref- 
ormation overthrew  all  this,  almost  destroying  the  town  in  1524. 
The  reform  effected  in  1881  gave  the  university  a  Czech  side 
and  a  German  side;  and,  with  over  3,800  students,  about  three- 
fifth  were  Czech. 

Brentano's  play,  <  The  Founding  of  Prague  > 6  2344 

Karel  Havlicek,  an  influential   journalist,  and   the  picturesque  figure 

in   the  «  new  Czech  movement  >> 42  253 

Palacky's  notable  Bohemian  histories ;  a  special  work  on  the  Life  and 

Teaching  of  Huss 43  4i3 

N6ruda's  very  popular  series  of  sketches  of  Czech  life 43  402 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCClxi 

Jerdbek,  a  Czech  dramatist  at  Prague,  of  almost  unequaled  emi- 
nence  42  289 

Mikovec,  a   notable    Bohemian   dramatist,  founder  and   editor  of  an 

important  literary  magazine  at  Prague 43  382 

Kalina,  a  Czech  poet  at  Prague;   author  of  popular  ballads 43  296 

Josef    Kalousek,    university   professor   at    Prague,    and   authority    on 

Czech  history  and  literature 43  296 

Emanuel  Bozdech,  notable  Bohemian  dramatist  at  Prague 42  71 


Rome :  known  to  history  more  nearly  than  any  other  city  as 
the  capital  for  power  and  culture  of  the  world;  for  eleven  cen- 
turies a  name  of  political  empire,  until  Constantinople  became  a 
New  Rome  for  another  eleven  centuries;  while  the  still  true 
Rome  created  an  empire  of  spiritual  culture,  dating  from  about 
42  A.  D.,  which  joined  with  Germany  to  make  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire,  the  end  of  which  did  not  come  until  1806.  From  1870 
Rome  has  been  the  capital  of  the  modern  kingdom  of  Italy. 
The  historic  date  for  the  founding  of  Rome  is  April  21,  753  B.C., 
and  Roman  story  makes  kings  to  have  reigned  until  510  B,  C, 
when  there  began  a  republican  period  which  lasted  nearly  five 
centuries  until  Caesar  was  made  dictator  for  life  B.  C.  45.  The 
story  of  Republic,  Empire,  Papacy,  at  Rome  is  the  largest  story, 
and  the  most  significant,  which  history  has  to  tell. 

The  career  and  writings   of  Cato  the  Censor;   his   <On    Farming, >  a 

tractate  on  agriculture,  the  oldest  extant  example  of  Latin  prose .  8  3347 
The  work  on  agriculture  of  Varro,  the  greatest  of  Roman    scholars 

in  the  age  before  that  of  Virgil 43  543 ;  44  157 

The  <Georgics,>  or  agricultural  poems   of   Virgil..  .38    15418;  43   550;  45  366 
Columella's  account  of  Roman  agriculture  in  the  Augustan  age.  .44  158 ;  42  116 
Livy,    the    greatest  of   Roman   historians;    142    books  of  < History  of 
Rome   from    the    Founding   of  the   City>;    only   books    i-io   and 
21-45  now  extant;  coming  down  to  167  B.  C.  with  293-217  a  gap. 

23   9091-94 ;  4  3  346 

The  short  historical  works  of  Sallust  produced  as  political  pamphlets.  3  2      12743 

Cicero's  career  as  a  statesman  and  orator 9    3675-87 

Boissier's  interesting  account  of  Cicero  and  his  friends,   45    512;  For- 
syth's <Life  of  Cicero, >  45    367;    Cicero's  work  on  Latin  oratory. 4 5       366 
The   great   career   of   Julius    Caesar    B.  O.    100-44,    7    3037;    Froude's 

sketch  of  the  life  of  Caesar 45       366 

Becker's  picture  of  Roman  scenes  in  the  time  of   Augustus 44       102 

Exceptional   character  and   career   of   Seneca   as   an   ethical   teacher 

under  Caligula,  Claudius,  and  Nero 33    13119-22 

Hamerling's    <Ahasuerus  in  Rome,>  a  vivid  tale  of  dying  paganism 

in  Nero's  time 42       246 


CCClxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Eckstein's  <Nero,>  an  historical  romance  of  Rome  at  its  greatest  and 

its  worst  4  4       298 

Sienkiewicz's  <Quo  Vadis?>  a  very  strong  historical  novel  of  the  early- 
Christian  days  under  Nero 43       494 

Eckstein's  <  Quintus  Claudius,  >  a  story  of  Rome  during  the  first  century  .45       539 

Monumental  Cyclopaedia  of  Natural  Sciences  by  the  elder  Pliny 29    11573 

Exceptional  excellence  of  the  writings  of   Tacitus  on  oratory  and  on 

important  persons  and  passages  of  Roman  history... 36  14369-74;  43  513 
Quintilian,  an  eminent  pleader  in  the  courts,  and  teacher  of  rhetoric, 

author  of  the  most  exhaustive   treatise  upon  the  art  of   oratory 

ever  written  30    11980;  43    449 

Great  eminence  of  the  younger  Pliny  as  a  Roman  lawyer,  orator,  and 

letter-writer 29    11 583;    43    432 

Importance  of  Suetonius  as    our    chief   authority  for   <  Lives   of  the 

Caesars^  from  Julius   to   Domitian 35    14202;  43   511 

^lianus,  teacher  of  Greek  rhetoric  at  Rome  in  the   first  half  of   the 

second  century i    172;  42    6 

Porphyrins,  celebrated  Neo-Platonic  philosopher,  head  of  a  school  of 

philosophy  at  Rome,  in  succession  to  Plotinus 43       436 

Roman  law  codified  in  <  The  Pandects  >  of  Justinian 45  442 

Roman  law  revived  about  A.  D.  iioo,  by  Irnerius  of  Bologna 45  442 

Influence  of   Rome  on  modern   Christianity ....11  4318 

Alfred  the  Great  at  Rome  in  his  youth   i  389 

Copernicus,  professor  of  mathematics  at  Rome  in    1499 10  4041 

Career  of  Michel  Angelo  at  Rome 25  9978 

Benvenuto  Cellini's  activity  as  an  artist  at  Rome 8  3372 

Giordano  Bruno,  martyr  of  free  thought  at  Rome 6  2615 

Later  life  and  mental  decline  of  the  Russian  novelist  Gogol  at  Rome.  16  6457 

D'Azeglio,  an  art  student  and  landscape  painter  at  Rome 3  11 29 

Development  of  comedy  under  Plautus,  the  greatest  of  Latin  comic 

poets  29   11557;  43  432 

Remarkable  dramatic  excellence  and  broad  grasp  of  human  nature 

shown  by  the  comedies  of  Terence 36   14643-52 ;  43  519 

The  great  place  filled  by  Virgil  near  the  level  of  Homer  and  Dante. 

38   15421-23;  43   550 

Career  of  the  court  poet  Horace,  under  Augustus  19  7619-27 

Ovid's  career  as  a  Roman  poet  in  an  age  of  dissipation 28   10915-21 

Love  poetry  studied  by  Gallus,  Catullus,  TibuUus,  and  Propertius .  . .  3 o  ii86i 
Typical  genius  of  Tibullus  as  a  Roman  elegiac  poet  of  very  narrow 

range  but  almost  perfect  art 37  14932-34 

The  Latin  satirists,  Horace,  Lucilius,  and  Persius 29    11343 

The  book  of  satires  of  Petronius  Arbiter  reflecting  Roman  life  under 

Nero 29    11384 

Statins,  court  poet  under  the   Emperor   Domitian,  author  of  warmly 

praised  minor  poems  and  of  an  ambitious  epic 35   13846;  43   504 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCClxiii 

Juvenal's  attack  upon  the  vices  of  the  Romans  in  his  sixteen  satires. 

2  1   8412-19 

Claudianus,  the  last  of  the  non-Christian  Roman  poets 42        112 

Poems  of  Byron  referring  to  Rome 7  2953-55 

Hare's  <  Days  near,  and  Walks  in  Rome  > 44        164 

Clough's  poetical  account  of  events  at  Rome  in  1849 9        3826 

Study  of  Rome  in  Crawford's  navels 10     4152 

Emile  Zola's  <  Rome  > 39    16290 

Teuffel's  great  <  History  of  Roman  Literature  ^ 43  520 

Cruttwell's  <  History  of  Roman  Literature > 44  216 

W.  Y.  Sellar's  scholarly  volumes  on  the  Roman  poets 45  556 

Du   Cange's  <  Glossary  of  Middle  and   Low   Latin, >   indispensable   to 

reading  mediaeval  books 42  153 

Gibbon's  great  work  on  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Empire,  45  341; 

Duruy's  elaborate  and  complete  <  History  of  Rome> 45  340 

Mommsen's  great  work,  <  Roman  History  >;  also  <Romkn  Chronology, > 

< Roman  Coinage,' and  < Roman  Political  Law' 43  387;  26   10206-08 

Merivale's  <  General  History  of  Rome  * 45  466 

Bryce's  <  Holy  Roman  Empire  *   6  2643 

Montesquieu's  idea  of  the  causes  of  Roman  greatness,  and  of  Roman 

declension,  i   363;  his  study  of  the  downfall  of  Rome 44  loi 

Dyer's  <  History  of  the  City  of  Rome  > 42  159 

.Gregorovius's  elaborate  history  of  the  city,  in  the  Middle  Ages 42  232 

Francis  Wey's  study  of  the  history  of  the  city 44  loi 

Lanciani's  <  Ancient  Rome,>  44  298;  his  account  of  Pagan  and  Christ- 
ian Rome 45  466 

Bulwer's  picture  of  Rome,  in  the  fourteenth  century 45  538 

Madame  De  Stael  on  <  Ancient  and  Modem  Rome>  in  <Corinne> 35  13843 

Mendelssohn  on  St.  Peter's 25  9894 

Samarkand:  a  city  of  Central  Asia,  chief  town  of  a  richly- 
cultivated  district,  east  of  Bokhara,  now  in  possession  of  Russia; 
a  mere  wreck,  except  the  Russian  new  town,  of  its  former  mag- 
nificence as  a  Mohammedan  Holy  City,  splendid  capital  of  the 
great  conqueror  Timur  and  his  successors,  and  a  brilliant  seat  of 
Arabian  civilization.  An  earlier  city  of  great  extent  was  destro5^ed 
by  Alexander  the  Great.  Its  successor  became  known  as  Samar- 
kand upon  its  conquest  by  the  Arabs  in  93  of  the  Moslem  era, 
7 1 1-7 1 2  A.  D.  Destroyed  after  pillage  by  Jenghiz  Khan  in-  1219, 
it  yet  became  the  seat  of  Timur's  power;  and  magnificent  build- 
ings erected  by  him  and  his  successors,  —  palaces,  colleges, 
mosques,  and  a  citadel  four  square  miles  in  area  and  one  of  the 
strongest  in  Asia, —  attest  the  power  and  wealth  of  which  it  was 
once  the  seat.     The  central  square  on  which  three  great  colleges 


CCClxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

were  built  is  in  architectural  symmetry  and  beauty  worthy  of 
comparison  with  the  finest  examples  in  Italy.  The  college  built 
by  Timur  became  in  the  fifteenth  century  a  renowned  school  of 
mathemathics  and  astronomy.  A  fourth  college  on  another  and 
much  larger  square,  with  three  mosques,  and  rooms  for  a  thou- 
sand students,  was  built  by  a  Chinese  wife  of  Timur  in  1388. 
Here  are  the  still  grand  remains  of  the  burial  place  of  Timur's 
wives.  In  connection  with  Timur's  summer  palace  outside  the 
walls  is  the  tomb  of  Shah-Zindeh,  a  famous  companion  of  Mo- 
hammed, who  is  believed  to  be  still  living,  awaiting  the  time 
when  he  will  rise  for  the  defense  of  Islam. 

Samarkand,  a  splendid  city  with  the   chief  astronomical  observatory 

of  the  world  in  Baber's   time   3        1 141 

St.  Petersburg :  the  capital  for  Russia  which  Peter  the  Great, 
having  regard  to  European  considerations,  founded  on  the  marshy 
islands  of  the  Neva,  in  a  situation  the  most  disadvantageous 
possible  in  respect  of  its  internal  Russian  relations,  but  for  the 
purpose  of  its  creator,  that  of  easy  access  to  Europe  and  the 
world  at  large  for  Russian  products,  the  best  that  could  have 
been  selected.  The  situation  is  hundreds  of  miles  distant  from 
the  centres  of  Russian  life.  Desolate  wildernesses  extend  an  im- 
mense distance  both  north  and  east  from  the  outskirts  of  the 
city.  The  regions  of  PskofE  and  Novgorod  to  the  south  are  very 
thinly  peopled.  In  no  direction  is  there  an  important  Russian 
city  within  four  hundred  miles.  The  canals  and  railways,  by 
which  traffic  reaches  it,  traverse  vast  tracts  of  inhospitable  country. 
To  the  west  on  either  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  into  the  head 
of  which  the  Neva  flows,  the  shores  are  foreign,  with  interests 
which  look  in  the  other  direction. 

Yet  the  scheme  formed  by  Peter  effected  his  purpose  of  creat- 
ing a  place  for  vast  outflow  of  Russian  exports.  Trade  had  taken 
this  course  from  the  earliest  years  of  Russian  history.  Peter's 
scheme  only  contemplated  repeating  what  Novgorod  had  attempted 
with  immense  success  in  wealth  and  power,  and  what  it  might 
have  made  permanent  if  it  could  have  gained  secure  possession 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Neva.  St.  Petersburg  became,  and  has 
now  been  for  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  years,  the  chief 
place  of  export  for  the  most  productive  parts  of  Russia,  those 
of  the   great  central   plateau  which   contains  the  upper  basins  of 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCClxV 

all  the  chief  Russian  rivers.  By  a  system  of  canals  connect- 
ing the  upper  Volga  and  Dnieper  with  the  great  lakes  of  the 
north,  the  Gulf  of  Finland  was  made  the  commercial  outlet  for 
these  rivers.  It  cost  hundreds  of  thousands  of  human  lives  to 
carry  out  Peter's  plan  for  making  a  new  capital  on  a  site  con- 
sisting of  low  marshy  islands  formed  by  the  different  channels 
through  which  the  waters  of  the  Neva  enter  the  Gulf  of  Finland. 
Both  under  Peter  and  after  him  compulsory  measures  of  almost 
savage  barbarism  were  resorted  to,  to  obtain  artisans  and  work- 
men in  sufficient  number,  and  to  secure  a  large  population. 
Entire  success,  nevertheless,  was  obtained;  the  city  of  Peter 
became  broadly  and  richly  built,  populated  to  more  than  a  mil- 
lion, and  equipped  with  all  the  appliances  of  a  great  centre  of 
modern  culture.  In  its  university  especially,  its  libraries  and 
museums,  its  great  variety  of  scientific  and  educational  institu- 
tions, its  societies,  academies,  and  observatories,  St.  Petersburg 
ranks  with  the  most  advanced  capitals  of  modern  civilization. 

John  Quincy  Adams,  private   secretary  to   the  American   minister  at 

St.  Petersburg i  134 

Residence  and  poetic  productions  of  Mickiewicz  at  St.  Petersburg  ..25  9997 
Von  Baer,  celebrated  embryologist  and  Academy  of  Sciences  librarian 

at  St.  Petersburg 42         35 

Nekrassov,  poet  of  great  celebrity  at  St.   Petersburg 43       402 

Fedorovich  Miller,  university  professor  at  St.  Petersburg,  and  author 

of  works  of  an  eminently  Slavophile  character 43       383 

Venice :  when  Constantine  divided  Italy  into  twenty -nine 
provinces  he  made  one  under  the  name  of  Venetia.  The  perils 
due  to  frequent  wars  led  dwellers  on  the  mainland  to  remove,  in 
the  year  810,  to  a  not  easily  accessible  group  of  islets,  where 
they  not  only  founded  Venice  and  chose  their  first  doge  or  ruler, 
but  began  to  build  the  great  basilica  of  St.  Mark,  which  was  to 
become  one  of  the  architectural  glories  of  Venetian  history. 
About  the  end  of  the  tenth  century,  the  success  of  Venice  in 
destroying  an  immense  nest  of  pirates  on  the  opposite  coast  of 
the  Adriatic,  initiated  special  development  of  her  sea  power;  and 
during  the  Crusades  employment  for  this  power,  and  its  immense 
further  development,  were  found  in  the  transport  of  crusading 
armies  by  sea  to  Palestine.  Not  only  did  this  bring  great  wealth 
to  Venice,  but  it  enabled  her  to  occupy  important  stations,  and 
to   plant   commercial   colonies   and   factories,    on    the   islands  and 


CCClxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

coasts  of  the  Adriatic;  and  the  fourth  and  last  of  the  great  Cru- 
sades was  turned  into  a  Latin  conquest  of  Constantinople,  under 
forces  headed  by  Dandolo,  the  aged  and  blind  but  energetic 
doge  of  Venice  (1204).  The  three  centuries  which  followed  wit- 
nessed the  highest  prosperity,  wealth,  and  power  of  the  Venetian 
state.  A  great  commerce  with  the  remote  East  was  entered 
upon,  raising  to  a  great  height  the  interest  of  Europe  in  India 
and  its  islands,  as  a  source  of  rich  products,  and  a  mine  of  un- 
told wealth.  In  genius  for  commerce  and  sea  power,  Venice  be- 
came the  first  power  in  the  world.  Its  arsenal,  in  which  its 
ships  were  built,  employed  in  its  best  days  16,000  workmen,  and 
during  the  critical  period  of  its  great  struggle  with  the  Turks 
towards  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century,  a  fully  equipped  galley 
was  turned  out  every  morning  for  a  hundred  successive  days. 
As  early  as  the  fourteenth  century  and  down  to  the  seventeenth, 
Venice  added  to  her  sea  power  that  of  important  continental  de- 
velopment with  large  extension  of  her  territory  on  the  mainland. 
From  the  date  of  the  conquest  of  Constantinople  by  the  Turks  until 
the  victory  over  them  of  Lepanto,  in  157 1,  Venice  maintained 
itself,  almost  unaided  until  the  final  struggle,  against  Turkish 
aggression.  Decline  from  her  utmost  power  and  magnificence  be- 
gan when  Portugal  succeeded  in  reaching  India  by  sea  and  draw- 
ing to  Lisbon  the  wealth  of  that  commerce.  The  wars  of  the 
next  two  hundred  years  in  Europe  further  militated  against  her 
prosperity,  although  the  half  century  1644-94  witnessed  splendid 
demonstrations  of  her  sea  power  and  naval  skill.  A  century  of 
decay  brought  her  into  subjection  to  Austria  in  1798;  and  in  1866 
she  passed  through  the  hands  of  Napoleon  III.  into  union  with 
Italy  under  Victor  Emmanuel. 

Pietro  Bembo's  <  History  of  Venice,  1487-1513  > 42         53 

Count  Darn's  <  French  History  of  the  Republic    of   Venice,  >  the  au- 
thor's masterpiece 42        132 

Luigi  Carrer's  poetical  account  of   the   history  of  Venice 42         95 

Marco  Polo,  a  famous  Venetian,  author  of  a  very  early  book  of  travels 

in   China 43       434 

Montesquieu's  visit   in  Venice,  when  traveling  to  gather  facts  for  his 

<  Spirit  of   Laws  > i    361 ;  4  3    389 

Casanova,  the  brilliant   scapegrace  of  Venice,  and   prince   of  charla- 
tans ;   his  *•  Memoirs  >  in  twelve  volumes 8    3322 ;  4  2    97 

Goldoni's   dramatic   career   in  Venice 16    6476 ;  4  2    223 

The    comedies    of   Giraud   produced    in    Venice   with    immense    suc- 
cess   42       219 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCclxvii 

Count    Gozzi's    journalistic   successes,    the    Gazzetta   Veneta   and   the 

^Osservatore  Veneto>;  and  his  important   Dante  studies 42       228 

The  critical  periodical    Frusta  Letteraria   (Literary  Scourge)  founded 

by  Baretti,  of  epoch-making  importance  in  Italian  literature 42         42 

Impressions  of  Venice  by  Mendelssohn 25      9892 

Poems  on  Venice,  by  Lord   Byron 7    2959-63 

Sonnet  to  Venice,  by  Count  Platen 29    115 17 

«  Siren  of  sea  cities »  (Symonds)    36    14365 

W.  D.  Howells's   first   days  in  Venice 19    7687-94 

Horatio  F.  Brown's  <Life  on  the  Lagoons,^  vividly  describing  the 
situation  of  Venice,  and  giving  a  concise  sketch  of  Venetian  his- 
tory  4  5       497 

Vienna :  the  capital  and  largest  town  of  Austria,  in  Lower 
Austria  near  the  boundary  of  Hungary,  which  is  now  a  part  of  the 
empire  of  Austria-Hungary.  In  the  eighth  century  Charlemagne 
expelled  the  barbarians  of  the  district,  and  made  it  the  boundary 
of  his  empire,  where  it  stood  as  the  most  advanced  bulwark  of 
Western  civilization  and  Christianity  against  the  Turks,  Hungary 
being,  during  the  whole  of  the  Middle  Ages,  thoroughly  Asiatic. 
Vienna's  first  charter  was  given  by  Frederick  H.,  in  1237.  The 
Crusades  created  a  traffic  which  rapidly  promoted  the  growth  of 
Vienna.  It  was  in  1276  that  it  became  the  capital  of  the  Haps- 
burg  dynasty.  The  siege  by  the  Turks  which  Vienna  withstood 
for  two  months,  in  1683,  and  from  which  John  Sobieski  of  Poland 
delivered  it,  was  one  of  the  most  notable  events  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.  Although  carrying  its  antiquity  back  to  the  time 
of  Christ,  when  the  Romans  (14  A.  D.)  occupied  the  Celtic  set- 
tlement of  Vindomina  under  the  new  name  of  Vindobona,  there  is 
no  city  of  Europe  to-day  more  thoroughly  modern,  fresh,  and  hand- 
some, from  nineteenth-century  improvements.  The  old  walls  en- 
closing an  irregular  hexagon  have  been  cleared  away,  and  a 
series  of  boulevards  fifty-five  yards  wide  taken  their  place,  except 
on  one  side,  where  a  quay  on  the  Danube  canal  is  the  bound. 
The  Prater,  a  park  of  seven  square  miles,  is  one  of  the  finest  in 
Europe.  The  Public  Hospital,  with  2,000  beds,  is  perhaps  the 
largest  in  the  world.  The  Cathedral  of  Vienna  dates  from  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries,  with  some  portions  still  left  of 
a  twelfth-century  building.  The  Hofburg  near  the  cathedral  is  a 
huge  mass  of  buildings  of  various  epochs  and  styles,  constituting 
the  Imperial  Palace,  and  dating  in  its  oldest  parts  from  the  thir- 
teenth century.     The   University  of  Vienna,  established   in    1365, 


CCClxviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

and  attended  by  over  6,000  students,  is  especially  notable  for  its 
distinction  in  medical  instruction.  The  art  collections,  public 
and  private,  and  the  architectural  monuments  of  recent  advance, 
are  unsurpassed. 

Death  of  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus  at  Vienna,  March  17,  180  (then 

called  Vindobona)   3  1022 

Walther  von  der  Vogelweide,  Germany's  earliest  great  lyric  poet,  and 

the  first  patriot  poet  of  German  literature,  settles  at  Vienna 38  15583 

Filicaia's  six  famous  odes  celebrating  Sobieski's  raising  the  siege  of 

Vienna  14  5732 

Montesquieu's  visit  to  Prince  Eugene  in  Vienna i  360 

Beethoven's  life  principally  passed  at  Vienna 4  1751 

Feszler  driven  from  the  University  of  Vienna  for  atheistic  opinions.  .42  185 

Alfred  von  Kremer,  university  professor  and  eminent  Orientalist  ...  43  315 
Miklosich,  founder  of  Slavic  philology ;  university  professor  at  Vienna ; 

author  of  important  works  on  Slavonic  philology 43  382 

Adolf  Bauerle's  the  Vienna  Theatre-Gazette  (1804-47) 42  47 

Rare  dramatic  success  of  Korner  at  Vienna 22  8725 

Grillparzer's  brilliant  dramatic  career 17  6714 

Dingelstedt  director  of  Vienna  court  theatres 12  4705 

Bauernfeld,  a  brilliant  figure  in  Vienna  society,   1848-90 42  47 

Hanslick,   unequaled  professor  of  musical  criticism  and  history  in  the 

University 42  247 

Warsaw :  the  great  historic  city  of  the  Polish  race ;  capital 
of  a  province  occupying  the  plain  of  Central  Poland;  of  a  situa- 
tion which  makes  it  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  pleasant  cities 
in  Eastern  Europe;  second  in  size,  of  cities  under  Russian  rule, 
to  St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow  only.  One  of  the  great  railway 
and  commercial  centres  of  Europe;  a  city  of  culture,  of  refine- 
ment, of  university  instruction  and  scientific  societies,  and  of 
memories  which  still  constitute  it  the  seat  and  heart  of  Polish 
nationality. 

Jane   Porter's  old-time  romance  of   Polish   patriotism,  <Thaddeus  of 

Warsaw  > 45        482 

Thomas  Campbell  on  <  Warsaw's  Last  Champion  > 8        3165 

Krasinski,  the  last  great  Polish  poet,  of  distinguished  birth  at  Warsaw, 

22  8735 ;  at  the  trial  in  Warsaw  of  the  conspirators  against  Russia .  2  2  8736 
The  great  national   poem  of   Poland,  Mickiewicz's  <  Pan  Thaddeus  of 

Warsaw  > 25      Q996 

Education,  journalistic  work,  and  residence  in  part,  at  Warsaw,  of  the 

great  Polish  historical  novelist,  Sienkiewicz .  34    13399 

Slowacki,  the  most  ardently  patriotic   of  Polish  poets,  in  the  public 

service  at  Warsaw  during  his  early  Byronic  period 34    13509 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCclxix 

York :  a  city  of  one  of  the  richest  and  most  fertile  districts 
in  England;  notable  for  a  cathedral  surpassing  in  general  effect 
every  other  in  England;  and  for  many  ancient  remains,  including 
some  Roman  fragments,  the  walls  in  large  part  of  the  ancient 
English  city,  and  the  remains  of  the  great  St.  Mary's  Abbey, 
York  became  an  important  Roman  depot  after  the  conquest  by 
Agricola,  in  79  A.  D.  The  Romans  built  there  a  city  which  be- 
came their  military  capital  in  Britain.  The  Emperor  Hadrian 
took  up  his  residence  there,  in  120  A.  D. ;  Severus  died  there,  in 
February  211;  Constantius  Chlorus  also,  in  July  306 ;  and  there 
his  son,  Constantine  the  Great,  was  inaugurated  the  Roman  Em- 
peror. York  was  made  the  seat  of  an  archbishopric,  in  627;  and 
under  archbishop  Egbert  (732-766)  it  became  celebrated  as  a 
school  of  learning.  Under  Alcuin  it  was  one  of  the  most  famous 
educational  centres  of  Europe.  Charlemagne  sent  to  York  for 
Alcuin  to  take  charge  of  establishing  schools  and  learning  in  his 
German  dominions. 

A  great  literary  and  educational  centre  in  the  eighth  century,  A.  D .  i  295 

Alcuin's  <  On  the  Saints  of  the  Church  at  York  > i  298 

24. 


CCclxx  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 


Chief  Matters  Found  in  Literature 

TO    HAVE    ENGAGED    HUMAN    INTEREST  — CHIEF    PRODUCTS    OF 
INTELLECTUAL     AND    LITERARY    EXERTION    IN    SONG, 
OR  THOUGHT,  OR  KNOWLEDGE— AND  PARTICU- 
LAR MATTERS  OF  SPECIAL  INTEREST  TO 
VARIOUS    CLASSES    OF    PERSONS. 


Note. — The  great  wealth  of  the  contents  of  the  Library,  and  the  space 
required  for  enumerating  particulars  with  the  indextcal  references,  make 
it  necessary  to  separate  less  than  it  was  at  first  conteinpiated  the  different 
classes  of  topics,  products,  and  matters  of  special  interest;  while  the  abund- 
ance of  matters  of  every  class  permits  the  reader  to  choose  for  hi7nself  out 
of  the  comprehensive  groups  which  the  following  pages  present.  Our  group- 
ing gives  a  large  number  of  heads  under  each  of  which  particulars  are 
arranged  according  to  both  chronological  order  and  national  interest. 
Further  selections  will  be  found  easy  by  various  readers,  and  each  accord- 
ing to  preference  and  taste,  the  particular  information  necessary  to  this 
being  constantly  given.  The  same  general  plan  is  carried  through  the 
classification  of  Readings,  thus  enabling  the  reader  to  select  for  himself  in 
both  of  these  large  sections  of  the  Guide.  / 


AGRICULTURE 

The  <Works  and   Days>    of  the  early   Greek   poet    Hesiod,  designed 

for  the  reading  of  Greek  farmers ,  .  .  .  1 8      7326 

The  Latin   work  <On  Agriculture,  >   by   Cato   the   Censor,  nearly  200 

years  B.  C,  the  oldest  extant  volume  of  Latin  prose 8  3347,  3350 

Another    Latin    work    on    agriculture,   by    Varro,    the     best    ancient 

^account 44        157 

The  <Georgics^  of  Virgil,  a  glorification  of  the  farmer's  work,  by  the 

greatest  of  Latin  poets 45  366;  38   15418 

Another  Latin  work  of  the  same  age  as  Virgil,  by  Columella 44       158 

An  Arabic  work  of  the  twelfth  century  on  agriculture  translated  into 

French  by  Clement  Mullet 44       157 

A  history  of  agriculture  in  England,  from    1259  to  1793 44        158 

Fritz  Renter's  finely  humorous  story  of  German  farming,   *01d  Story 

of  My  Farming) 44        158 

Observations  on  agriculture,  by  Arthur  Young,  in   England  and    in 

France,  1787-90 39  16261-62 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCClxxi 

Young's    <  Annals    of    Agriculture,)    forty-five    volumes    beginning    in 

1783 3  9  16263 

Rosset's  didactic  French   poem  on  agriculture,  the  earliest  in  French 

on  the  subject 4  4  158 

Sismondi's  Italian  work  on  the  <  Agriculture  of  Tuscany  > 34  13472 

A  very  fine  poem  on  the  agriculture  of  the  remote  South,  by  Andres 

Bello 22  8915 

A  < History  of  Agriculture  and  Prices, >  by  James  E.  Thorold  Rogers. 4 4  158 


ANECDOTES 

Anecdotes  in  regard  to  one  of  the  earliest  Latin  poets,  Ennius.  .  .  .14  5475-83 
Anecdotes,    the   Earliest   Libraries;    Realistic    Acting;     the    Athlete's 

End 1 6  6259,  6260 

Anecdotes  of  Apelles  Praxiteles  and  Phidias 29   11577-80 

Anecdotes  from  the  table-talk  of  the  English  poet  Rogers 31    12352-56 

Berlioz  on  the  «snuflf-box  treachery  >>;  on  Gluck;  and  on  Bach 4   1813-16 

Athenseus  on  some  great  eaters 2    928-3 1 

Anecdotes  from  the  humorous  memoirs  of  Samuel  Foote 15   5883-88 

Anecdotes  from  Gellius;  Libraries  at  Athens  and  Alexandria;  Realis- 
tic Acting ;  and  The  Athlete's  End 16  6259,  6260 

From  Diogenes  Laertius 12  4722-24 

Athenseus  on  the  love  of  animals  for  man 2  931 

Story  by  Cato  of  a  Roman  soldier's  self-sacrifice    8        3351 

Anecdotes  from  Sydney  Smith 34  13570-72 

Stories  from  ^lianus's  <  Varia  Historia  > i     173-77 

Selected  thoughts  from  the  famous  writings  of  Erasmus 14   5522-37 

Table-talk  and  sayings  of  Martin  Luther 23  9341-47 

Goethe  from  his  <  Maxims  and  Reflections  > 16      6453 

Pointed  brevities  from  Schiller 33   12887,  1290^ 

Maxims  and  sketches  from  Heine '...18      7200 

Maxims  from  the  works  of  Richter 31    12256-64 

Thoughts  from  the  French  of  Pascal 28   11 145-56 

Brevities  of  reflections  from  Voltaire 38   15480-83 

Maxims  from  the  French  of  La  Rochefoucauld 31    12322-30 

Reflections  and  thoughts  from  Joubert    21   8388-98 

Thoughts  frojn  the  Swiss  poet-thinker,  Amiel 2    480-92 

Brevities  of  thought  from  the  table-talk  of  Selden 33   13101-10 

Thoughts  from  Thomas  Fuller 15     6136 

Selected  paragraphs  from  Henry  Ward  Beecher 4  1723-25 

Anecdotes  of  celebrated  characters  in  Smiles's  <  Self -Help  > 44  ■      329 


APOLOGUES,  APHORISMS,  AND   APOTHEGMS 

Hesiod's  poetical  maxims,  from  <  Works  and  EJays* 18      7331 

Heraclitus's  fragments  of  weighty  thought 1 8  7247-51 

Empedocles's  fragments  of  thought  from  <On  Nature  > 14  5471-74 


CCClxxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Examples  of  Greek  wit  and  wisdom  from  Diogenes  Laertius 12  4720-24 

Fragments  from  Attic  Comedy,  29  11397-408;  from  the  Greek  Anthol- 
ogy   16  6640-52 

Epictetus:  brief  thoughts  from  his  discourses 14  5500-08 

Thoughts  from  the  Latin  dramatist,  Plautus 29  11567-72 

Thoughts  scattered  through  Pilpay's  Fables 29   1 1440-86 

Selected  maxims  on   morals,  philosophy  of   life,  character,  etc.,  from 

the  Chinese  of  Confucius  and  Mencius 9  3643-48 

Fragments  from  Japanese  thought 20  8170-72 

Apologues  translated  from  the  Persian  by  Edward  Fitzgerald 14  5806-14 

Examples  from  the  Persian  of  Sa'di 32  12637-58 

Examples  from  the  Turkish  41    16965-88 

Arabic  examples 41   16971-73 

Aphorisms,  moral  and  religious,  collected  into  an  argument  of  spirit- 
ual religion  in  Coleridge's  <  Aids  to  Reflection  > 44        329 

ART,  ARCHITECTURE,  AND   ^ESTHETICS 

Da  Vinci,  one  of  the  greatest  artists  in  history  43  549 

Da  Vinci's  <  Treatise  on  Painting  > 45  436 

Albert  Diirer,  the  great  pioneer  of  modem  artists 45  555 

Crowe  and  Cavalcaselle's   <  History  of   Painting  in   Italy,  >  and  other 

volumes  on  art  subjects 42  125 

Vasari's  great  work,  <  Lives  of  the  Most  Eminent  Painters,  Sculptors, 

and  Architects,)  3  7  15250 ;  his  account  of  Raphael 37  15250 

Grimm's  exceptionally  fine  Lives  of  Michael  Angelo  and  Raphael.  ...  17  6724 
Wilhelm  Liibke,  author  of  a  series  of  German  works  of  great  import- 
ance for  the  history  of  art 43  352 

Jacob  von  Falke,  a  German  author  of  art  writings  notable  for  learn- 
ing and  judgment 42  178 

Carl  Vosmaer,  a  notable  Dutch  artist  and  writer  on  art  43  552 

Lessing's  <Laokoon,>  an  epoch-making  book  in  German  art  criticism. 4 5  379 
Bodmer  on  <The  Kinships  of  the  Arts,>  and  <  Poetry  and  Painting  >.  .5  2130,  2131 
Wagner  on  <The   Art  Work   of   the   Future,  >  and  <  The   Progress  of 

Art> 38  15510 

Wagner  on  <The  Function  of  the  Artist- 38  15505 

Taine  on  <  Race  Characters  Expressed  in  Art  > 36  14415 

Parrot  and  Chipiez's  great  series  of  works  on  <  Ancient  Art,>  in  Egypt; 
Chaldea  and  Assyria ;  Phoenicia ;  Phrygia ;  Lydia,  Caria,  and  Lycia ; 

and  Greece 42  123 

Symonds's  volumes  on    Literature    and   the    Fine    Arts   in    his    <  The 

Renaissance  in  Italy  > 4  3  5i4 

Symonds  on  the  Genius  of  Greek  Art,  36  14356;  and  on   Italian  Art 

in  relation  to    Religion 36  14340 

Patriotism  characteristic  of  certain  great  types  of  art i  351 

Art  and  literature  always  correspond  to  the  popular   ideals 11  4536 

The  moral  influence  of  art 5  2060 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCclxxiii 

Charles  Blanc,  a  French  art  critic  of   the  highest  distinction,  creator 

of  a  scientific  method  of   art  criticism 5        2051 

Blanc's  <  The  Dutch  School    of    Painters,*    the    <Life    of    Ingres, >    the 
<  Grammar    of    Painting    and    Engraving,  >    and    <  Artists    of    My 

Time  > 5  2052-54 

Sketches  by  Charles  Blanc  of  Rembrandt,  Albert    Diirer,  Ingres,  and 

Calamatta 5  2055-57 

His  unfinished  <  Grammar  of  the  Decorative  Arts> 5        2054 

Waldstein's  <  Essays  on  the  Art  of    Pheidias  > 45       466 

Louis  Gonse's  <  The  Art  of   Japan  > 44        123 

La  Farge's  <  An  Artist's  Letters  from  Japan  > 44       123 

Services  to  art  rendered  by  John  Ruskin 32    12512 

Ruskin  on  <The  Uses  of  Ornament, >  32   12518;  on   <The  Landscapes 
of    the    Poets,*    12523;    and   his    great    discovery   of    picturesque 

nature 32    12513 

Hamerton,  founder  and  editor  of  the     Portfolio,     a   successful   organ 

of  literary  exposition  of   art 17     6876 

Walter  Pater,  a  notable  English  critic    of  art  and   of    literature,    2  8 

1 1 157 ;   his  devotion  to  Greek  art  rather  than  Christian 28    11159 

Architecture. —  Blanc  on  the  law  of  proportion  in   architecture 5        2062 

Norton  on  the  building  of  Orvieto  Cathedral,   27    10710;   and  on   the 

dome  of  Brunelleschi 27    10716 

Ruskin's  < Description  of  St.  Mark's,*  32  12532;  and  of  < Calais  Spire*.  .32  12539 
Irving's  <The  Alhambra,*  a  study  of  Moorish  architecture  in  Spain.  .44  277 
Lanciani's  <  Ancient  Rome,*  a  study  of  the  antiquities  of  Roman   art 

and  Roman  architecture 44       298 

Viollet-le-Duc's  <  Annals  of  a  Fortress,*  an  eminent   architect's   study 

of   ideal  fortress-building 44       299 

Chapters  on  <  Art  and  Architecture  *  in  Yriarte's  <  Florence  *  and  <  Ven- 
ice*  • 45        494 

^Esthetics. —  Schiller   on   < The  Esthetic   Education  of   Man* 33  12911 

Moller,  a  Danish  writer  on  aesthetics 43  386 

.Esthetics  and  Art  History  Professorship   created   in   the   College   of 

France,   in    1878 5  2054. 

Taine  appointed  professor  of  aesthetics  in  Paris ;  his  works  devoted  to 

the  history  and  philosophy  of  art 36  14404. 


AUTOBIOGRAPHIES  AND   BIOGRAPHIES 

English. —  Small  fragment  of   autobiography  left  by   Lord  Bacon,    3 

1 164 ;  also  an  autobiographical  letter 3  1188 

The  autobiographic  intimations  in  the  sonnets  and  lyrics  of  Shakes- 
peare    33  12920 

Greene's  pamphlets  and  other  writings,  largely  autobiographical 17  6693 

Thomas  Hobbes's  autobiography  written  at  eighty-four 18  7382 


CCClxxiv  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

John  Bunyari's  autobiographic  <  Grace  Abounding  > 7  2748 

David  Hume's  autobiography  written  four  months  before  his  death.  .19  7780 

Mrs.  Bumey's  autobiographical  <  Diary  and  Letters  > 7  2818 

Autobiographical  character  of  all  Hazlitt's  essays 18  71 16 

Gibbon's  admirable  stOry  of  his  own  life 16  6278 

De  Quincey's  autobiographical  <  Confessions  > 11  4555 

Leigh  Hunt's  autobiography,  a  complete  revelation  of  the  man 19  7793 

Theodore  Hook's  autobiographic  <  Gilbert  Gurney ' 19  7613 

Autobiographic    reflections    in    Shelley's    <Alastor>    and    <Epipsychi- 

dion  > 34  13269 

J.  H.  Newman's  <  Apologia  pro  VitS,  Sua  > 27  10600 

John  Ruskin's  autobiography  in  his  <  Praeterita  > 32  125 15 

Disraeli's  autobiographical  novel,   <  Contarini  Fleming). 4  1634 

Writings  of  Carlyle  of  autobiographical  character     8  3242 

Mrs.  Browning's  <  Aurora  Leigh,  >  in   a  measure   autobiographical ....  4  2  79 

Autobiographic  revelations  of  Matthew  Arnold  in  his  letters 2  854 

Anthony  Trollope's  autobiography 37  15031 

Many  of  Marryat's  novels  almost  autobiographic 24  9738 

Richard  Jefferies's  <  Story  of  My  Heart, >  a  wonderful  autobiographical 

sketch 20  8215 

Cupples's    <Kyloe   Jock,>   a   transcript  from   the   boy  life  of  the   au- 
thor   10  4210 

German. — Jacob  Cats's  autobiographic  <A  Life  of  Eighty-two  Years,* 

in  rhyme 8  3355 

Bodenstedt's  interesting  autobiographic  story  of  an  eventful  career..  .5  21 18 
Arndt's    autobiographic    <  Stories    and    Recollections    of    Childhood,  > 

2  813 ;  and  <  Reminiscences  of  My  Public  Life* 2  814 

Drachmann's    most    important   work,    <  Condemned, >   largely  autobio- 
graphical   12  4841 

Freytag's  brief  autgbiographic  <  Recollections  from  My  Life> 15  6015 

Autobiographic  interest  of  Spielhagen's  <  Problematic  Natures  > 35  i3774 

Autobiographic  character  of  Keller's  first  great  novel,  < Green  Henry\2i  8519 
Russian. — Dostoevsky's    <Poor  People, >  his  own  story  of  love  and  sacri- 
fice   12  4784 

His  <  Memoirs  of  a  Dead  House  >  reflect  his  ten  years  penal  exile   to 

Siberia 42  150 

Polish. —  Sienkiewicz's  <  Without  Dogma, >  the  diary  of  his  own  spirit- 
ual  experience 3  4  13401 

Autobiographic  character  of  Slowacki's  <  Beniowski  > 34  13510 

Spanish. —  Autobiographical    character    of    Espronceda's    <  Student  of 

Salamanca  > 14  5550 

Danish. — The  <  Life  and  Opinions  >  of  the  Danish  poet,  Johannes  Ewald.  1 4  5614 

Autobiographic  interest   of   Holberg's  Danish  <  Three  Epistles  > 18  7409 

The    Danish  poet   Baggesen's    autobiographic  <The  Wanderings  of  a 

Poet,)  his  most  important  prose  work 3  1236 

The  autobiographic  <  Recollections  >  of  Oehlenschlager 27  1075 1 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCclxxV 

Hans  Andersen's  autobiography,  and   ^Only  a  Fiddler  >  with  charm- 
ing autobiographic  touches 2  501 

Swedish. —  Autobiographic  character  of  the  love  episodes  in  Tegner's 

<  Frithiofs  Saga> 36  14564 

Sprightly  and  interesting  autobiography  by  Emilia  Carlen 8  3226 

Norwegian, —  Autobiographic    character    of    Kielland's     Norse    novel 

<  Garman  and  Worse  > 21  8566 

Italian. —  All  Dante's  more  important  writings  essentially  a  spiritual 

autobiography 11  4333 

Benvenuto  Cellini's  <Memoirs,>  one  of  the  best  autobiographies  in  the 

world 8  3371 

Alfieri's  autobiography,  begun  1790  and  ended  1803   . i  371 

Goldoni's  delightful  autobiographic  <  Memoirs  > 16  6475 

Interesting  and   thoroughly   delightful   autobiography   of  the   Italian 

statesman  D'Azeglio 3  1 130 

Minghetti's  <  My  Recollections  > 43  384 

Ruffini's  <  Lorenzo  Benoni  >  a  faithful  transcript  of  his  life  in  Italy  in 

1818-33 31  12471 

French. —  Abelard's   recital  of  unhappy  fate   in   <  History  of  Calami- 
ties > I  24 

Froissart's  long  autobiographical  poem,  <L'Espinette  Amoureuse*.  .  .  .15  6036 
Montaigne's  essays  of  which  he  said, « I  am  myself  the  subject  of  my 

book  » 26  10237 

Arago's  autobiography,  relating  extraordinary  adventures  with  inimit- 
able spirit  and  vigor 2  704 

Autobiographical  interest  of  the  novels  and  other  works  of  Stendhal.  4  1862,  1865 

A  perfect  picture  of  himself  by  the  composer  Berlioz 4  1810 

Thierry's  autobiographic  <  Ten  Years  of  Study  > 37  14804 

Coppee's  <  An  Entire  Youth,  >  partly  autobiographical 10  4045 

Musset's  <  Confession  of  a  Child  of  the  Century, >  and  two  at  least  of 

his  <  Nights,>  autobiographic .26  10489 

Maupassant's  < Notre  Coeur >  resembles  an  autobiography. .  " 25  9807 

Senancour's  autobiography  in  his  * Obermann > 33  131 11 

Pierre   Loti's  <Le  Roman   d'un   Enfant,  >   an  autobiographic  story  of 

the  complete  loss  of  faith 23  9204 

Anatole  France's  <My  Friend's  Book'  reflects  the  author's  childhood 

and  youth 15  5910 

Every  novel  said  by  M.  France  to  be  an  autobiography 22  8963 

Jacques   Jasmin's   autobiographic    <  Souvenirs,  >   a    tale   of   fascinating 

simplicity,  pathos,  and  fun 20  8187 

American. —  Benjamin  Franklin's  autobiography 15  5930 

O.  A.  Brownson's  autobiographic  <The  Convert  > .  .      6  2595 

J.  L.  Motley's  < Morton's  Hope,>  in  part  autobiographic 26  10374 

John  Boyle  O'Reilly's  autobiographic  <  Moondyne  > 27  10858 

Autobiography  of  General  W.  T.  Sherman 45  455 


CCClxxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Autobiographic  touches  in  Mrs.  Thaxter's  poems  and  prose  sketches .   3  7  14761 
Mrs.    Burnett's  autobiographic   story  of   <The    One   I   Knew  Best   of 

All  > 7  2809 

Marion  Crawford's  autobiographic  ^The  Three  Fates  > 10  415 1 


Biographies. —  Boissier's   <  Cicero    and    His    Friends, >    and    <Life    of 

Madame  de    Sevigne* 5  2152;  42  66 

Livy  on  Hannibal 23     9099 

Sallust  on  Catiline 32    12746 

Suetonius  on  Caligula,  on  Nero,  and  on  Vitellius 35  14203,  14205,  14208 

Sir  Edwin  Arnold's  imaginative  biography  of  Buddha,  as  <  The  Light 

of  Asia  > •. 2  819,  820 

Abul  Fazl's  <  Akbar-nahmeh,^  a  biography  of  Akbar  the  Great 44       335 

Holden's  <The  Mogul  Emperors  of  Hindustan,  1 398-1707, >  notable  for 

its  account  of  Akbar  the  Great 45       432 

Froude's   Lives  of  Csesar,   Erasmus,    Luther,    Bunyan,    and   Carlyle. 

15  6059 ;  4  2  204 

Grimm's    <Life   of  Michael    Angelo,>   one    of   the    finest    biographical 

specimens  in  modern  literature 17     6724 

Symonds  on  Boccaccio 44       235 

Sir  Arthur  Helps  on  Las  Casas,  Columbus,  Pizarro,  and  Cortes 45       558 

Fiske  on  the  navigator  Magellan 14  5781-96 

Prescott  on  Philip  II 30  11794-99 

J.  Cotter  Morison  on  Madame  de  Maintenon 44       307 

Hermann  Grimm  on  Emerson,  Voltaire,  and  Goethe 45        555 

Boswell's  <  Life  of  Johnson  > 44       203 

McCarthy  on  the  Four  Georges 44  6 

Trevelyan's  <  Early  History  of  Charles  James  Fox  > 44         83 

Trevelyan's  <  Life  and  Letters  of  Lord  Macaulay  > 45       452 

Tyndall  on  Faraday 4  4         83 

J.  Dyke  Campbell  on  S.  T.  Coleridge 44         81 

Eggleston  on  Roger  Williams 13  5219-24 

Bancroft  on  Washington 4  1453-58 

William  Wirt  on  Patrick  Henry,  39   16091-95;  and  on  Burr  and  Blen- 

nerhassett 39   16098-100 

Hildreth  on  James  Madison 18      7379 

Parton  on  Andrew  Jackson,   28  11125;  and  on  Voltaire 28   11129-42 

Rufus  Choate  on  Daniel  Webster 9        3663 

J,  F.  Rhodes  on  Daniel  Webster 31   12208-13 

W.  P.  and  F.  J.  Garrison  on  William  Lloyd  Garrison 44         80 

Woodberry  on  Edgar  Allan  Poe 45       434 

Mrs.   Oliphant's  Lives  of   Edward   Irving,  Montalembert,  St.    Francis 

of  Assisi,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  and  Laurence   Oliphant 27  10821-23 

Mrs.  Gaskell's  Life  of  Charlotte  Bronte 45       355 

Major's  important  biography  of  < Prince  Henry,  the  Navigator* 43       363 

Irving's    Lives   of    Mahomet,    Columbus,    Goldsmith,    and    Washing- 
ton  20     7996 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCClxxvii 

Adams's  < Christopher  Columbus,  his  Life  and  Work > 42  4 

Winsor's    <  Christopher  Columbus  > 43  580 

Minghetti's  <  Biography  of.  Raphael  > 43  384 

Mrs.  Ritchie's  <  Biography  of  Madame  de  Sevigne* 31  12274 

Lewes's  *■  Life  of  Goethe  > 23  9038 

Chrysander's  <  Biography  of  Handel  > 42  108 

Hesekiel's  important  and  popular  biography  of  Bismarck 42  262 

Campbell's  <  Lives  of  the  Lord  Chancellors,  >  and  <  Lives  of  the  Chief 

Justices  * 42  91 

Carlyle's  <  Biographical  Study  of  CromwelP 8  3240 

Boswell's  notable  biography  of  Samuel  Johnson 5  2227 

Mahan's  <  Life  of   Nelson  > 43  453 

Southey's  biographies  of  Nelson,  Wesley,  and  Cowper 35  13680 

Voltaire's  <Charles  XII. > 45  351 

Carlyle's  <  Frederick  the  Great  > 8  3240 

Masson's  biography  of  Milton  with  a  History  of  his  Times 44  81 

Lockhart's  exceptionally  valuable  <Life  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  > 23  9127 

John  Morley's  biographies  of  Cobden,  Burke,  and  Walpole;  Voltaire, 

Rousseau,  and  Diderot 26  10323 

Forster's  <  Life  of  Charles  Dickens > 42  196 

Parton's  biographies  of  Horace  Greeley,  Aaron  Burr,  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin, Thomas  Jefferson,  and  Voltaire 28   11123-25 ;  43  418 

Lodge's  Lives  of  George  Washington,  Alexander  Hamilton,  and  Daniel 

Webster 43  347 

Arago's  <  Biog^raphies  of  Distinguished   Scientists  > 2  707 

CHILDREN,  AND  FOR  CHILDREN 

«Only  the  best  is  good  enough  for  children  » 35  14040 

Notable  men  that  made  themselves  playfellows  with  children i  173 

A  merry  Greek  swallow  song  of  the  children  in  springtime 2  925 

Glinka's  Russian  readings,  histories,  and  plays  for  the  young 42  221 

Emanuel  Hiel's  Flemish  poems  for  children 42  264 

Goeverneur's  universally  popular  Dutch  verses  for  children 42  223 

Great  excellence  of  Gustave  Droz's  studies  of  children 12  4886 

Laboulaye's  three  volumes  of  < Fairy  Tales  for  Children)  ....  22  8747;  43  3i8 
Delightful   stories   of  instruction,  and  charming  fairy  tales,   by  Jean 

Mace 24  9473 

Bliithgen's  highly  popular  German  stories  for  boys  and  girls 42  64 

Wyss's  *■  Swiss  Family  Robinson  > 43  587 

Morike's  <  The  Little  Dried-up  Man  > 26  10319 

Glassbrenner's  German  stories  for  children 42  220 

Capital  young  folks'  stories  by  Brentano 6  2344 

Brentano's  and  Von  Arnim's  collection  of  German  folk  songs  in  <The 

Boy's  Wonderhom  >  6  2343 

Frohlich's  < Fables,  Tales,  and  Rhymes  in  Verse  for  Children* 42  203 

Wilhelm  Hey's  enormously  popular  < German  Fables  for  Children*.  .42  263 


CCClxxviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OP  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Campe's  German  juvenile  tales,  and  educational  works  of  great  popu- 
larity   42         91 

Franz  Hoffmann's  widely  popular  German  juvenile  stories 42        268 

The  unhappy  childhood  of  Fredrika  Bremer 6  2328 

Popular  Norwegian  fairy  tales,  and  stories  for  children,  by  the  poet  Moe .  4  3  386 
Hans  Andersen,  the  children's  poet,   2  500;   his  <  Wonder  Tales  >  and 

<  Picture-Book  Without  Pictures  > 2  503 

Boyesen's  stories  for  boys,  principally  on  Norwegian  themes 5  2274 

Swinburne's  <A  Dark  Month  >  shows  him  the  supreme  English  poet  of 

childhood 36   14293 

Notable  beauty  and  sympathy  with  child  moods  of  Macdonald's  stories, 

<At  the  Back  of  the  North  Wind>  and  <The  Princess  and  Curdle  >.  24      9456 

Jean  Ingelow's  <  Mopsa  the  Fairy  > .20      7969 

Allingham's    <The   Fairies*  and    <  Robin   Redbreast,*  fine   songs  for 

children i  434,  436 

Kingsley's   < Water-Babies,*  one  of  the  few  perfect  fairy  stories  in  the 

language,   2  2  8614 ;  example  of 22      8628 

Sarah  Doudney's  numerous  very  popular  stories  for  girls 42        150 

<  The  Culprit  and  the  Judge,*  from  Miss  Aguilar's  *Home  Influence*,  i     230-35 

Edgar's  Every  Boy's  Magazine,  and  books  for  the  young 42        163 

Baker's  *Wild  Beasts  and  Their  Ways,*  ^True  Tales  for  My  Grand- 
sons,* and  <Cast  Up  by  the  Sea,*  capital  books  for  boys 3        1277 

Marryat's  <Masterman   Ready*  and    < Settlers  in  Canada,*   delightful 

books  for  boys 24     9739 

Mrs.  Barbauld's  <  Early  Lessons  for  Children,*  and  <  Hymns  in  Prose 

for  Children  * 4        1483 

Posdick's  numerous  books  for  boys 42        197 

Lanier's  <The  Boy's   Froissart,*  ^The   Boy's  King  Arthur,*  and  <The 

Boy's   Percy  * 43        326 

Special   excellence   of   Mrs.    Dodge's   volumes   of  juvenile  verse,  and 

stories  for  young  people   12      4758 

Miss  Alcott's  long  series  of  delightful  books  for  girls  and  boys i  282 

Mrs.  Dodge's  books  for  young  readers,  and  the  volumes  of  St.  Nich- 
olas since  1873 42        148 

Palmer  Cox's  very  popular  series  of  humorous  pictures  and  verse  for 

children 42        123 

CRITICS  AND  CRITICISM 

Egger's  history  of  criticism  among  the  Greeks 42  165 

Modem  initiation  of  criticism  in  Boileau's  < Art  of  Poetry* 5  2142 

Notable  examples  of  criticism 5  2299 

Amiel  on  what  critical  genius  means 2  490 

Diderot's  high  rank  as  a  literary  critic  of  painting 12  4692 

Brunetiere  the  great  Darwinian  of  French  criticism 22  8963 


TOPICS   AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCClxxix 

Notable  critical  writings  of  Desir6  Nisard 43  404 

Character  of  the  critical  work  of  Jules  Lemaitre 22  8964 

The  <  Critical  Essays  >  of  De  Sanctis,  a  work  of  high  authority 42  141 

High  rank  of  Theophile  Gautier  as  a  literary,  and  especially  an  art 

critic   15  6224 

Lessing's  opinion  of  criticism 23  9024 

Criticism  in  Hermann  Grimm's  <  Literature >  papers,  45    555;  his  lec- 
tures on  Goethe,  a  fascinating  study  of  the  great  poet 17  6724 

Eminence  of  Gottschall  in  German  criticism 16  6572 

Exceptional  value  of  the  critical  writing  of  Kuno  Fischer 14  5768 

Welhaven's  place  among  Norwegian  critics  the  very  highest 38  15780 

Heiberg,  the  greatest  analytical  critic  of  whom  Denmark  can  boast  3  1236 
Rosa    Gonzales    among    the    first   of    Spanish    contemporary    literary 

critics 43  466 

Huet,  Dutch  author  of  literary  criticism  of  high  character 42  278 

Dobrolyiibov,   a  profound  and  gifted  Russian  literary  critic 42  147 

Grabovski's  Polish  <  Criticism  and  Literature  > ,  .  .    42  228 

Francis  Jeffrey,  famous  Scottish  critic  in  Edinburgh  Review  (1800-50). 4 2  289 
Defect  of  Macaulay  in  criticism,  1 6  6365 ;  comparison  of  Carlyle  with 

Macaulay 16  6367 

Matthew  Arnold's  ideal  and  practice  of  criticism 2  845 

Matthew  Arnold's  *■  Essays  in  Criticism  > 44  170 

Brandes's  <  Eminent  Authors  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,  >  nine  critical 

essays 44  171 

C.  W.  Dilke's  <  The  Papers  of  a  Critic  >   42  145 

Andrew  D.  White  on  the  reconstructive  force  of  scientific  criticism.  .39  15853 

DRAMAS,  DRAMATISTS,  AND  THE  THEATRE 

Greek. —  Dramatic  nature  of  the  Homeric  poems 19  7554 

First  allusion  in  Greek  literature  to  the  dramatic  hymn  from  which 

Greek  tragedy  grew 37  15171 

Aristotle  on  tragedy   2  798 

^schylus  the  creator  of  drama,  and  in  tragedy  its  greatest  exem- 
plar   I  184 

Of  Greek  drama,  seven  dramas  of  ^schylus,  seven  of  Sophocles,  and 

nineteen  of   Euripides,  are  now  extant 14  5569 

Mahaffy's  critical  sketch  of  the  extant  plays  of  Sophocles     34  13650-72 

Whitelaw's  version  of  Sophocles  (London,  1883) ;  «very  much  the  best,'' 

(Mahaffy) 34  13651 

Permanent  influence  of  Euripides 14  5572 

Greek  Old  Comedy  represented  by  Aristophanes  only 2  759 

Fitzgerald's  translations  from  Calderon,  ^schylus,  and  Sophocles ...  1 4  5798 
Latin. —  Very  high  character  of  the  Latin  comedies  of  Plautus..  ..29  11557-63 
Ten  tragedies  in  the  name  of  Seneca,  the  only  serious  Roman  drama 

still  extant 33  13122 


CCCIXXX  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Italian. — Ariosto,  one  of  the  very  first  of  the  writers  of  modern  comedy.  2  742 

Goldoni,  the  father  of  modern  Italian  comedy 16  6475-79 

Gozzi,  author  of  delightful  folklore   comedies 42       228 

Characteristics  of  Alfieri's  dramas i    372-74 

Machiavelli's  one  dramatic  effort,  <  Mandragola,  ^  the  finest  comedy  of 

the  Italian  stage 24     94S1 

Notable  dramatic  power  and  success  of  Pietro  Cossa's  dramas,  <Nero,> 

<Messalina,>  <  Julian  the  Apostate,^  and  <  Cleopatra^  (1871) 42        121 

German. —  German  drama  advanced   by    Hans   Sachs   beyond  that  of 

England   before   Shakespeare 32    1261 1 

Schiller  preeminent  in  historical  drama 33    12880 

Wagner's  conception  of  the  drama  as  the  Perfect  Art 38    15515 

Schopenhauer  on  tragedy 33   12934-36 

Freytag's  <  Technique  of  the  Drama  > 15     601 5 

Dowden's  critical  interpretation  of  Goethe's  great  drama 16  6390-95 

Kleist's  dramas  holding  the   stage   beside  those   of    Lessing,  Schiller, 

and  Goethe 22      8666 

Extraordinary  success  and  dramatic  power  of  Korner's  German  trage- 
dies  and  plays 22      8726 

High  merit  of  Paul    Heyse's    <  Sabine  Women, >    <Hans   Lange,^  and 

other  plays 18      7334 

Hauptmann's  <The  Weavers,'  a  socialistic  play  of  intense  dramatic 
power,   17    7026;  the   same  author's  <Hannele,>  a  dramatic  poem 

of  extraordinary  pathos 17      7026 

Very  great  success  of  Sudermann's  < Honor >  and  other  dramas.... 3 5   14163-66 
Anzengruber,    an   Austrian    dramatist,  famous  for   his   creation    of   a 

genuine  Austrian  national  drama 42         21 

Extraordinary  dramatic  success  of  Grillparzer 17      6715 

Grillparzer's  <,King  Ottokar>  in  Austrian  literature  comparable  to 
Shakespeare's  historical  dramas  in  English  literature,  17  6715; 
Grillparzer's  estimate  of  Shakespeare 17     6714 

Hungarian. —  Karoly  Kisfaludy,  the  father  of  modern  Hungary  drama. 43       306 

Madach's   remarkable   dramatic   poems,    <  Moses  >   and    <The   Tragedy 

of  Man> 24     9515 

Katona's  <Bdnk-Ban,>  said  to   be   the  grandest  tragedy  Hungary  has 

ever  produced 43        298 

Russian. —  Pushkin's  <  Boris  Godunoff,'  the  foundation  of  a  genu- 
ine Russian   drama 30    11911 

Spanish. —  Manuel  Caiiete's  studies  in  Spanish  dramatic  criticism.  .  .  .42  92 

Alarcon,  the  creator  of  Spanish  character   comedy 42  9 

Lope  De  Vega,  celebrated  author  of  a  great  series  of  Spanish  com- 
edies reflecting  the  Spain  of   his  day 38  15287 

Calderon's  position  below  Shakespeare,  but  far  above  Ben  Jonson.    .7  3071 

Character  of  the  Spanish  autos  or  religious  spectacles 7  3072-74 

Echegaray's  <The  Great  Galeoto,'  his  supreme  dramatic  achievement  13  5103 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ccclxxxi 

Danish.—  Overskov's  <  History   of  the    Danish   Theatre  > 43       411 

Holberg's  activity  and  success  in  creating  a  Danish  national  stage.  .18      7413 
Oehlenschlager's    dramas    distinguished    by   the   finest   workmanship; 
his  <Axel  and  Valborg,>  a  love  tragedy  of  the  Romeo  and  Juliet 

type 27    10748 

Hertz's  delightfully  romantic   dramas,  <King   Rene's  Daughter  >  and 

<  Ninon  > ■ 18      7318 

Blicher's  Danish  plays,  the  comedy  and  tragedy  of  the  commonplace .  5        2064 
Norwegian. —  Bjornson's  < Sigurd    Slembe,>  a  trilogy  of   plays  almost 

the  greatest  work   in   Norwegian  literature 5        1963 

The  Hamlet  type  of  character  in  Bjornson's  <  Earl  Harald  > 5        1963 

Ibsen's  dramatic  career  from  1856,  20  7840;  his  masterpiece  among 
the  historical  dramas,  <The  Pretenders,)  7840;  his  intensely  na- 
tional dramatic  poems,  ^  Brand  >  and  <Peer  Gynt,>  esteemed  his 
greatest  works,  7842;  the  two  dramas,  <  Caesar's  Apostasy  >  and 
the  < Emperor  Julian,'  his  most  ambitious  works,  7843;  his  dramas 
of  modern  life  regarded  as  striking  the  highest  note  of  modern 

dramatic  art 20  7844-47 

Swedish.— Madam     Edgren's     dramas     presenting    the    struggle     of 

woman  against  conventional  restraint 13      5162 

Polish.— Count  Fredro,  founder  of  original   Polish  comedy 42       201 

Johann  Fredro,  a  Polish  author  of  numerous  popular    comedies 42        201 

French. —  Corneille's  *  The  Cid  >  begins  the  history  of  modern  French 

drama 10     4066 

The  higher  comedy  in  verse  established  by  Corneille 10     4070 

Diderot,  the  father  of  the  modern  domestic  ^rama;  direct  and  im- 
mediate influence  upon  German  drama 12     4691 

Unsurpassed  career  of  Moliere  in  comic  drama 26  10160-63 

Moliere's  <  School  for  Wives > 4  5        557 

About  twenty  tragedies  and  a  dozen  comedies  of  Voltaire 38    15455 

Voltaire  on  the  drama,  38  15487 ;  Voltaire's  dramatic  masterpiece,  the 

tragedy  <  Alzire  > 4  4       309 

Crebillon   in  the  very  first  rank  of  tragic  poets  by   his  <Atreus   and 

Thyestes  >  (1707)  10  4167-69 

The   modern  drama  as  a  story   of  every -day  existence   initiated   by 

Beaumarchais ' 4        1657 

Points  of  likeness  between  Sheridan  and  Beaumarchais,  and  compari- 
son of  their  comedies 4        1659 

:6mile  Augier  among  the  greatest  French  dramatists  of  this  century, 
following    Moliere    and    Beaumarchais,    3    998;    analysis    of    his 

dramas  in  the  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes  of  April,  1878 3  999 

Hugo's  'Marion   Delorme'  and  <Hernani,>  a  great  initiation  of  new 

school  French  poetry 19  7712,  7713 

Balzac  primarily  a  dramatist 3   1365,  1366 

Balzac's  initial  literary  effort,  a  tragedy  on  Cromwell,  justly  damned 

by  his  family 3        1348 

De  Banville's  French  plays  refined  and  skillful 4        ^474 


CCClxXxii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF    THE    PRINCIPAL 

Success  of  Musset's  dramas  on  the  French  stage 26    10492 

Destouches's  <The  Boaster,*  a  masterpiece  of  high  comedy 42        142 

Comparative  failure  of  all  Daudet's  dramatic  attempts 11     4442 

English. —  John    Malone's    story  of   English   drama    to   the   death    of 

Shakespeare 33  13182-88 

<The   Coventry   Plays,  >  of  the   time    1 392-1 589,  a   notable  preface  to 

English  drama 44        118 

Dowden's  sketch  of  Shakespeare's  dramatic  work 33   13167-73 

Drama  in  the  hands  of  a  company  of  players   suggested   by  Spanish 

example 33    13182 

Chronology  of  the  plays  of  Shakespeare,   (i)  as  written,  (2)  as  acted, 

and  (3)  as  published 43       491 

Synopses  of  the  several  plays,  in  the  order  of  their  production  ....  4  5   380-402 
Three  of  Shakespeare's  greatest  plays  based  on  Plutarch's  Lives...  2  9    11 603 
Use  of  Holinshed's  '  Chronicles  >  as  a  quarry  for  the  Elizabethan  dram- 
atists   19      7446 

Untrammeled  freedom  of  form  the  general  characteristic  of  Elizabethan 

drama 21      8344 

High  moral  seriousness  of  Shakespearean  tragedy 4        1 678 

Shakespeare  regarded  the  drama  as  entirely  a  thing  for  the  people.   33    1292 1 
Contrasts  in  the  dramas  of  Shakespeare,  Marlowe,  Ben   Jonson,  and 

Webster 4        1678 

The  plays  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  the  best  dramatic  expression  of 
the  romantic  spirit  of  Elizabethan  England,  4  1677 !  their  popu- 
larity eclipsed  even  Shakespeare's 4       1678 

Unique  character  of  the  two  Italian  tragedies  of  John  Webster  38   15758,  15759 
The  last  radiance  of  Elizabethan  drama  in  John  Ford,  15   5S90;  <Per- 

kin  Warbeck,*  his  one  historical  play 15      5889 

Congreve's  <Love  for  Love,*  the  triumph  of  his  art,  10  3946;  his  <The 
Way   of   the    World,*    the    most  brilliant  and    thoughtful  of    his 

works ID     3947 

Chapman    more    a    thinker    than   a    dramatist,  9    3524;    <  Caesar   and 

Pompey,*  his  finest  work 9        3525 

Dryden's  play,   <The  Conquest  of   Granada,*  one  of  his  best 42        153 

Extraordinary  success  of  Sheridan's  <The  Rivals*  and  the  < School  for 

Scandal* 34    133 18 

Conspicuous   success  of   Bulwer's  <Lady  of  Lyons,*  <  Richelieu,*  and 

<  Money  * 6       2703 

Aubrey  de  Vere's  <  Julian  the  Apostate  *  and  <  Mary  Tudor  * 11     4609 

Sir  H.  Taylor's  <  Philip  Van  Artevelde,*  a  masterpiece  of  English  his- 
torical drama 36    14539 

Joanna  Baillie  as  a  Scotch  Shakespeare 3   1254-56 

<The  Colleen  Bawn,*  from  Griffin's  <The  Collegians,*  an  immensely 

successful  play 17      6699 

<The  Sick  King  of  Bokhara,*  the  one  dramatic  expression  of  Matthew 

Arnold's  genius 2         854 

Three  plays  by  J.  M.  Barrie 4        1572 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCClxxxiil 

Dutch. —  Distinction  of  Brederoo  as  Holland's  greatest  dramatist  and 

of  Vondel  following  him  as  her  greatest  tragedian 38  15491-93 

Delightful  Dutch  comedies  of  Coster 42       122 

Hindu. —  H.    H.    Wilson's  <  Select    Specimens-  of   the   Theatre   of   the 

Hindus  ^ 43        57S 

Kalidasa,  the  greatest  of  Sanskrit  dramatists,  about  550  A.  D.,  India's 

Shakespeare 21      8455 

Bhavabhuti,  a  dramatic  poet  of  India  in  the  eighth  century,  ranking 

next  to   Kalidasa 42         58 


The  Theatre. —  Graf's  Italian  < Origin  of  the  Modern  Drama* 42  229 

Klein's  unfinished  History  of  the  Drama  among  all  peoples 43  307 

Frenzel's  two  volumes  of  dramatic  criticism 42  202 

William  Winter  of  the  New  York  Tribune,  his  conspicuous  position 

as  an  American  dramatic  critic 40  i6o6r,  16062 

Jeremy  Collier's  successful  attack  on  the  English  stage  in  1698 10  3946 

Dispute  on  the  suppression  of  theatrical  performances  at  Geneva.  ...i  355 

Dr.  John  Witherspoon's  <  Nature  and  Effects  of  the  Stage  >  43  581 

Aubignac's  study  of  the  drama  in  <  The  Practical  Side  of  the  Theatre  \  4  2  29 

Wagner  on  the  theatre  as  a  temple  of  art 38  15  501 

<<The  true  drama  is  the  art  of  teaching  virtue  and  good  manners  by 

action  and  dialogue »  (Voltaire) 38  15487 

The  earliest  English  theatre  built  by  James  Burbage  in  London  ..  33  131 82 
Lessing's  ideal  of  the  theater  as  the  pulpit  of  humanity  embodied  in 

his  <  Nathan  the  Wise  > 44  172 

The  Christian    fathers,  especially  Jerome,  very  fond   of  the  comedies 

of  Plautus 29  1 1 562 

The  modern  French  theatre  dates  from  1 599 10  4067 

French. —  Etienne's  <  History  of  the    French  Theatre  > 42  173 

De  JuUeville's  <  History  of  the  Theatre  in  France  > 43  426 

Gautier's  <  History  of  Dramatic  Art  in  France,  1837-62  > 15  6224 

Distinction  of  M.  Sarcey  in  French  dramatic  criticism 32   12825,  12826 

Use  of  few  actors  by  Alfieri i  373 

«The  theatre  is  the  chef-d'ceuvre  of  society  >>  (Voltaire)  38  15487 

Efforts  of  Wagner  against  the  degradation  of  the  theatre  to  a  mere 

place  of  entertainment 38    15500,  15501 

George  Sand  passionately  fond  of  the  stage 32  12769 


EDUCATION  AND  EDUCATORS 

Greek. —  Aristotle's  life  with  his  pupils 2  789 

Aristotle  on  the  necessity  of  common-school  education ....  2  800 

Plutarch  on  teaching  virtue,   29  11646;  on  good  schoolmasters,  11648; 

on  mothers  and  nurses 29  11649 

Quintilian  on  the  schooling  of  boys 30  11984 

Greek  use  of  dancing  as  a  part  of  education 37  15172 

Xenophon  on  <  The  Education  of  a  Persian  Boy  > 39   16258-60 


CCClxxxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OP  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Mahaffy's  < Old  Greek  Education > 44  331 

Spinoza  on  the  improvement  of  the  understanding 35  13793 

German. —  Fichte  at  Jena,  an  ideal  university  educator 14  5674 

Basedow's    revolution    in    German    education    analogous    to    that    of 

Comenius 42  46 

Pestalozzi's    efforts   for   the    reformation   of   the   systems   of   popular 

schooling 43  425 

Froebel's  educational  creed 15  6026 

Schiller  on  aesthetic  education 33  1291 1 

Oskar  Jager,  a  German  educational  author  and  official 42  286 

Flemish. —  Jan  van  Droogenbrceck,  a   Flemish  educator  of  eminence. 4 2  152 

French. —  Original  ideas  of  Montaigne  on  education 26  10238 

Celestin  Hippeau,  an  eminent  French  educational  author  and  authority.  4  2  265 
Jean  Joseph  Jacotot,  author  of  an  important  French  educational  sys- 
tem      42  2S6 

Rousseau's  <fimile,>  a  famous  study  of  elementary  education 44  160 

Services  of  Cuvier  to  education  in  France 10  4252 

Educational  work  at  Paris  of  Jean  Mace 24  9474 

Jean  Victor  Duruy,  an  eminent  educational  administrator  under  Na- 
poleon III 12  5069 

Alfred  Rambaud's  important  educational  work  in  France 30  12041 

Littre's  French  dictionary,  the  most  important  and  valuable 43  345 

Larousse's    <  Grand    Dictionnaire    Universel,>  a  most  exhaustive  and 

valuable  reference  work 43  327 

English. —  Notable  labors  of  King  Alfred  to  promote  English  educa- 
tion,  I  391 ;  his  own  account  of  it i    393-95 

York,  England,  a  great  seat  of  learning  and  education  under  Alcuin.  1  295 

Alcuin's  writings  on  grammar  and  other  educational  topics i  297 

Roger  Ascham's  spirit  and  system,  2  917;  examples  from  him, — <On 
Gentleness  in  Education, >  2  918-20;  <0n  Study  and  Exer- 
cise >    2    920-23 

Roger  Ascham's  <  The  Schoolmaster  >  ( 1 57°) 42  27 

Saint  Paul's  School,  London,  founded  for  instruction  of  boys  in  the 
world's  best  Hterature;  classical  Latin  rather  than  Church  Latin, 

and  Greek  as  well  as  Latin 1 4  5  454 

Thomas  Fuller  on  <The  Good  Schoolmaster  > 15  6133 

Lord  Bacon  on   the  lack  in   his  time  of  university  education  in  arts 

and  sciences 3  1183-88 

Lord  Bacon's  Dreams;  Rabelais's  realistic  views;  Montaigne's  criti- 
cisms; Mulcaster's  <Anticipations  > ;  Ratich's  teaching  with  prepa- 
ration for  Comenius 10  3913 

Milton  on  errors  in  teaching 25  10074 

Adam  Smith  on  military  and  general  education 34  13535,  13536 

Sydney  Smith  on  the  absurdity  of  a  purely  classical  education 34  13566-70 

Locke  on  study 23  9109 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ccclxxxv 

Hugh  Miller's  ^My  Schools  and   Schoolmasters,  >   of  rare  educational 

interest 45       453 

Frank  Buckland  on  present-day  education  too  much  through  book- 
learning,  and  not  enough  through  observation  of  nature 44       318 

W.  Hawley  Smith's  <The  Evolution  of  Dodd,>  a  study  of  our  public 

school  system 44        132 

Bentham's  urgency  for  science  as  against  Greek  and  Latin 4  1774-75 

Mary  Wollstonecraft's  conception  of  «the  most  perfect  education, » 
39  16131 ;  her  demand  for  the  education  of  woman  equally  with 
man 39    16131 

Jeremy  Bentham  on  « Mendacity  and   insincerity  the  effects  and  the 

only  sure  effects  of  an  English  university  ed.ucation  » 4        1773 

Carlyle  on  the  « sawdust  >>  offered  him  by  his  college  teachers 8        3232 

Buckle,  a  great  English  scholar,  a  remarkable  example  of  self-edu- 
cation    6        2673 

Buckle  on  the  causes  primarily  active  in  the  formation  of  the  char- 
acter of  nations 6        2675 

Matthew  Arnold's  life  work  as  a  school  inspector;   his   great  services 

to  education  in  England .- 2  844 ;  4  2  26 

Educational  address  by  an  English  statesman  (A.  J.  Balfour)  on  <  The 

Pleasures  of  Reading  > 3   1288-304 

English  preference  of  home  training  to  schooling 12     4733 

Herbert    Spencer's   great  work  on    intellectual,    moral,    and   physical 

education 35    137 11 

The  philosopher  Berkeley's  scheme  for  a  university  in  the  Bermudas, 
to  educate  scholars,  teachers,  and  ministers  for  America,  4  1802; 
his  verses  <0n  the  Prospect  of  Planting  Arts  and  Learning  in 
America  > 4        1805 

American. —  Mark   Hopkins,    president   of  Williams  College,  eminent 

American  educator    42  273 

Henry  Barnard,  founder  of  the  Journal  of  Education 42  43 

Agassiz's  remarkable  power  as  a  teacher  of  science i  213 

Eminent  educational  position  and  work  of  Andrew  D.  White 39  15851 

The  humanist  use  of  education  as  the  cure  for  evil  in  the  world  ....  2  6  10336 
Sarmiento,  President  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  eminent  in  edu- 
cational work 43  480 

E.  P.  Whipple's  proposal  of  a  college  for  the  education  of  domestic 

servants 39  15850 

EPIGRAMS  AND   EPITAPHS 

Select  epigrams  from  Theocritus 37    14779 

Later  Greek  literature  notable  for  production  of  epigrams ;  a  selection 

of  examples   16  6637-52 

Epitaphs  from  the  Latin  poet  Ennius 14  5482-83 

Examples  from  the  Latin  of  Martial,  the  world's  greatest  epigram- 
matist  24  9750-58 

25 


CCclxxxvi  OUTLINE  SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Epigrams  from  India  41   16989-94 

Epigrams  from  the  Arabic 41    16972-73 

Persian  epigrams 41   16965,  16983 


HELLENISM 

Lucian  of  Samosata  the  last  of  the  Hellenes , 23  9290 

Zeller's  *  Comprehensive  History  of  Greek  Philosophy  ^ 43  595 

Boccaccio  the  founder  of  Greek  studies 44  235 

Roger  Bacon  on  Greek  culture  and  Greek  teaching  and  life 45  475 

« I  have  given  my  whole   soul   to    Greek  learning ;  I  shall  first  buy 

Greek  books  and  then  clothes '>  (Erasmus,  a  student  at  Paris) ....  14  55 11 
Gladstone's  <  Homeric  Studies,  >  and  Lawton's  <Art  and  Humanity  in 

Homer> 44  115,  116 

Jebb's  lectures  at  Baltimore  on  the  Growth  and    Influence   of  Classi- 
cal Greek  Poetry 44  189 

Symonds's  studies  in  the  Greek  poets 45  497 

Mahaffy's  conspicuously  valuable  studies  of  Greek  History  and  Life  .  2  4  9569 
Guerber's   account  of  the    Myths  of  Greece  and  their  great  influence 

upon  literature  and  art 44  189 

Limburg-Brouwer's   fine   historical   novels   of  ancient  Greek  life,  and 

valuable  works  on  Greek  culture 43  343 

Greek  tendencies  of  the  German  poet  Geibel 15  6248 

Leopardi,  celebrated   Italian  poet,  «oted  as  perfectly  Greek  in  spirit 

and  style 22  8978 

In  Mrs.  Browning's  early  days  «the  Greeks  were  her  demigods >*  ...  .6  2523 
Walter  Pater,  a  critic  notable  for  a  Greek  spirit,  28   1 1 1 59 ;  his  volume 

of  essays,  <  Greek  Studies  > 45  448 

Edward  Everett  as  Greek  professor  at   Harvard  awakened  great  in- 
terest in  Hellenic  studies 42  175 


HISTORIES  AND    HISTORIANS 

Herodotus  popularly  noted  as  «  The  Father  of  History » 18      7285 

Maspero's  <The  Dawn  of  Civilization, >  in  Egypt  and   Babylonia,  and 

<The  Struggle  of  the  Nations, >  Egypt,  Syria,  and  Assyria 45       343 

Becker's  <Charicles:  Scenes  from  the  Private  Life  of  Ancient  Greece >.  .44       102 

Becker's  <Gallus:  Roman  Scenes  in  the  Time  of  Augustus  > 44        102 

Duruy's  <  History  of  the   Romans, >  the   most  elaborate  and  complete 

of  his  works  and  the  best  on  the  subject    45       340 

Dyer's  <The  Gods  in  Greece > 45       512 

Thucydides's  masterly  survey  of  Greek  ancient  history,  and  story  of 
the  war  between  Athens  and  Sparta ;  sustained  and  brilliant  com- 
position;   left    unfinished:    a   great   work    canonized    from    about 

B.  C.  100 37  14910-12 

Poly bi us,  author  of  a  great  history  of  Greece  during  the  period  220- 

146  B.  C,  lived  at  Rome  168-151  B.  C 30  11701-10 


I 
TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  CCClxxxvii 

Grote's   <  History  of  Greece,^  and   important  supplementary  works  on 

Plato  and  Aristotle 17  6745-47 

Finlay's  historical   masterpiece  devoted  to  more  than  two  thousand 

years  of  Greek  history 42  189 

«Livy   who   erreth    not>>    (Dante)    not   true    of   his    Roman    history, 

which  is  often  rare  s,tory  rather  than  real  history 23  9091-94 

Caesar's  <  Commentaries,  >  an  inimitable  and  masterly  work 7  3042 

Tacitus  and  Plutarch,  two  of  the  most  thoughtful  of  historians i  365 

Roman  era  of  history 26  10251 

<  General   History  from  the  Fourth  Century  to  Our  Day,^  by  Lavisse 

and  Rambaud 31  12041 

Victor  Duruy's  very  important  historical  works 42  158 

Thierry's  improvements  in  historical  research,  illustrated  by  works  of 

great  value 37  14803 

A  gredt  <  Parliamentary  History  of  the  French  Revolution  > 42  81 

Carlyle's  *■  French  Revolution  '> 8  3237 

Taine's  three  important  works  embraced  in  his  <  Origins  of  Contem- 
porary France  > 36  14405 

Napier's  <  History  of  the  War  in  the  Peninsula  > 43  401 

Lanfrey's  profoundly  critical  < History  of  Napoleon* 43  325 

Sloane's  <  Life  of  Napoleon  > 44  261 

Bourrienne's  <  Memoirs  of  Napoleon  > 44  16 

Michelet's  <  History  of  France  >  down  to  the  nineteenth  century  ....  2  5  9983-85 
Revolutionary    effect    of    the    three    master    works    of    Voltaire,    his 
< Charles    Xn.,>    <Age    of    Louis    XIV., >    and    < Essay    on    Man- 

ners> 38  15456 

Renan's  French  new  departure  rationalistic  treatment  of  early  Christ- 
ian history 31    12152-58 

The   < Commentaries >  of  ^neas   Sylvius    (Pope   Pius   H.),  a  notable 

story  of  the  literature,  politics,  and  events  of  the  author's  time    .44  130 

Foxe's  <Book  of  Martyrs,*  a  notable  early  English  story-book 44  262 

Lea's  scholarly  <  History  of  the  Inquisition  of  the  Middle  Ages> 44  166 

Froissart's   French   Chronicles   of   History   in    France,   England,  etc., 

1325-1400 ..44  85 

Martin's  ^History  of  France,*  to  1789 44  85 

Perkins's  < France  under  Louis  XV.> 44  85 

Stephens's  <The  French  Revolution  *   44  86 

E.  and  J.  de  Goncourt's  < History  of  French  Society* 44  161 

Coubertin's  <  Evolution  of  France  under  the  Third  Republic  * 44  87 

Seeley's  <Life   and   Times   of   Stein,*  a  masterly  study  of  the  Napo- 
leonic period,  and  estimate  of  Napoleon 45  413 

Conan  Doyle's  <The  Great  Shadow,*  a  powerful  story  of  the  twenty 

years'  dominance  of  Napoleon  in  Europe 44  260 

Von  Sybel's  <  Founding  of  the  German  Empire  * 44  94 

Madame  de  Stael's  <  Germany,*  and  the  <Germania  *  of  Tacitus 44  93,  94 

Max  Duncker's  masterly  <  Ancient  History  * 42  156 


ccclxxxviii         outline  survey  of  the  principal 

Ranke's  new  aim  and  method  in  writing  history 30    12074 

Niebuhr,  notable  improvements   in  the   method  of  German   study  of 

history  .  . .  ; 27    10657 

Mommsen,  Germany's  greatest  scholar  in  history,  university  professor 

at  Berlin  since  1858 26    10206 

The  <  History  of  the  Civil  Wars  of  Granada  >  by  G.  I^.  de  Hita  (1588- 

1604),  the  first  historical  romance  in  Spanish  literature  . 42       266 

Cantu's  <  Universal  History,^  an  extraordinarily  successful  and  perhaps 

unsurpassed  work 42  93 

Grundtvig's   <  Danish   Manual   of    Universal   History, >   a  monumental 

work  of  great  value 42       236 

Bede's  <  Ecclesiastical  History  of  England,  >  the  earliest  g^reat  authority 
for  English  history;  translated  from    Latin   into  Anglo-Saxon   by 

King  Alfred 42         50 

The  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  recording  English  annals  from  A.  D.  449 

to  1154 2  554 

Notable  excellence  of  Hallam's  historical  works 17     6853 

Knight's  popular  <  History  of  England  > 43       309 

Macaulay's   notably   popular   and    immensely   successful    <  History  of 

England  > 24     9385 

J.  A.  Froude's  <  History  of  England,  >  and  other  historical  works ...  1 5  6059-64 
Gardiner's  extended  works  in   English  history  of  the   highest  impor- 
tance   42        208 

Justin  McCarthy's  interesting  <  History  of  England  under  Queen  Vic- 
toria * 24     9440 

May's  important  works  on  <  English  Constitutional   History,*  < Parlia- 
mentary Law >  and  <  Democracy  in  Europe  > 43        374 

Stubbs's  <  History  of  the  English  Constitution, >  exceptionally  accurate 

and  authoritative  35    14139 

Sir  W.  W.   Hunter's  comprehensive   and  accurate   studies  of  the  his- 
tory and  condition  of  India 42        279 

Henry  Morley's  notable  histories  of  English  literature 43       391 

Courthope's  <  History  of  English  Poetry  > 44       301 

Tylor's  authoritative  works  on  <  Primitive  Culture  > 43        535 

Mosheim's  <  Institutes  of  Ecclesiastical  History  >   43       393 

Milman's   notable   <  Histories  of   the   Jews,  of   Christianity  under  the 

Empire,  and  of  Latin  Christianity  > 43       384 

Leslie    Stephen's    <  History   of    English    Thought    in    the   Eighteenth 

Century  > 43        505 

<  Scientific  Method  Applied  to  History,*  by  J.  A.  Froude 15  6071-75 

Clarendon's  <  History  of  the  Rebellion,*  one  of  the  great  masterpieces 

of  English  historical  literature 9        3738 

Origin    of    the    literary    school    of    English    historical    writing    from 

Hume 19  7777,  7779 

Gibbon's  < Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,*  an  unchallenged 

and  conspicuous  masterpiece 16     6271 

E.  A.  Freeman's  ideal  of  history 15  5979-81 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCClxxxix 

Buckle's  conception  of  what  history  should  be 6  2676 

Mahaffy's  idea  of   the  only  way  to  write  history  in  the  full  and  real 

sense ' 24  9569 

Extraordinary  perfection  and  interest  of  Motley's  <  Dutch  Republic >  .26  10376 
Bancroft's  <  History  of  the  United  States>  (1492-1782) ;  and  <  History  of 

the  Formation  of  the  Constitution)  (1782-89)  4  1435-36 

Hildreth's    <  History  of  the    United    States, >  to  the  close  of  President 

Monroe's  administration 18  7371 

McMaster's  <  History  of  the   People  of  the  United  States,>  from  1789; 

four  volumes  come  down  to  1821 24  9503 

Henry  Adams's  <  History  of  the  United  States,  1801-17  >  (the  adminis- 

'  trations  of  Jefferson  and  Madison) i  no 

Palfrey's  <■  History  of  New  England  > 28  10988 

Parkman's  great  series  of  works  embraced  under  <  France  and  Eng- 
land in  North  America  >    28  11087 

Winsor's  <  Narrative  and  Critical  History  of  America  >;  <  Memorial 
History  of  Boston  > ;  <  From  Cartier  to  Frontenac  > ;  <  The  Missis- 
sippi Basin  >;  and   <The   Struggle   in   America   between   England 

and  France,  >  works  of  the  very  highest  authority 43  580 

Rhodes's  <  History  of  the  United  States  from  the  Compromise  of  1850  > .  3  i  12206 

Schouler's  <  History  of  the  United  States  under  the  Constitution  >    .    .43  485 

Von  Hoist's  <  Constitutional  and  Political  History  of  the  United  States  \  1 8  7496 

Blaine's  <  Twenty  Years  of  Congress  —  Lincoln  to  Garfield  > 45  405 

HUMANISM  AND  HUMANISTS 

Greek. —  The  principle  of  human  liberty  discovered  by  Socrates 2  790 

Socrates  the  great  humanist  of  Greek  philosophy 34  13627 

Stoicism  modified  by  human  feeling  in  Epictetus 14  5497 

Latin. —  The  teaching  and  example  of  Marcus  Aurelius 3  1028;  42  30 

Terence's  <  Self -Tormentor,  >  a  singularly  perfect  picture  of  human 
life,    36    14647;    his   great   line    <Homo    Sum,>    14647;   his   broad 

grasp  of  human  nature  of  all  his  six  plays 36  14647 

Dutch. —  Erasmus,  the  celebrated   European  humanist 14  5519;  42   172 

Justus  Lipsius,  a  celebrated  Dutch  humanist  43  344 

French. —  John  Calvin's  lack  of  human  sympathy 8  31 18 

The  essential  thesis  of  humanism  assumed  by  Diderot's  Encyclo- 
pedic  26  10336 

Beranger's  love  of  humanity  and  compassion  for  the  weak 4  1787 

Strongly  humanistic  thought  and  feeling  of  Darmesteter 11  4380,  4381 

Vice's  principle  of  humanity  adopted  by  Jules  Michelet 25  9982 

The  humanism  of  Anatole  France 15  5909 

Zola's  lack  of  humanism  39  16291 

German. —  Klopstock  the  first  among  modern  German  poets  inspired 

by  humanist  sympathy 22  8693 

J.  G.  Herder's  comprehensive  promotion  of  humanism  as  a  philosophy 

of  history 18  7263 


CCCXC  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Humanistic  and   Greek  tendencies  cause  the  German  poet  Geibel  to 

abandon  the  Church 15      6248 

Humboldt's  humanist  sympathies 19     7769 

Mommsen's  conception  of  man's  organized  life  as  one  great  develop- 
ment   26    10207 

Russian. —  Unique  distinction  of  Tolstoy's  humanism ;  he  is  especially 

the  humanist  of  Russian  literature 37    14988-92 

Extraordinary  human   spirit  and  deep  pity  shown  in  the    novels  of 

Turgeneff 37    15061 

Danish. —  Broad    intellectual  and  human  sympathies  of   the  Danish 

poet  Holberg 18  7410-741 1 

Norse. —  Conspicuous    representative    services    of    the    Norse    writer 

Bjornson 5   1966,  1967 

Italian. —  Leonardo  Bruni,  a  noted  classical  scholar,  translator  of  Greek  ■v 

authors  into  Latin 42         80 

Beccadelli,  Poggio,  and  Politian,  celebrated  humanists  of  the  last  half 

of  the  fifteenth  century 42  49 ;  43  433,  434 

Mazzini's  fundamental  principles,  humanity  opposed  to  individualism, 

and  duty  opposed  to  rights 25     9844 

English. —  Sir  Thomas  More,  a  conspicuous  early  English  representa- 
tive of  humanism 26   10295-97 

Shakespeare  the  broadest  representative  Englishman 33  131 67 

Importance  of  Shakespeare  that  of  his  humanism 18  7262 

Warmly  humanitarian    spirit  of  Adam  Smith;   his  ruling  passion  to 

benefit  mankind 34  13522 

Delightful  humanism  of  Charles  Lamb 22  8818 

Pathetic  humanism  the  strong  point  of  Thomas  Hood 19  7590 

Singular  passion  for  improvement  of  mankind  shown  by  J.  S.  Mill.  .25  looio 

A  warm  humanity  the  dominant  note  of  Mr.  Lecky's  literary  work.  .22  8929 
Ruskin  about   i860  gave  up  art  and  nature  studies  for  humanitarian 

work,  sacrificing  a  fortune  of  $1,000,000 32  12514 

Home's  <  Orion,*  a  lofty  poetic  appeal  for  devotion  to  human  progress, 

I  9  7641 ;  example  from  the  poem,  <  Morning  > 19  7642-44 

The  first  great   characteristic  of   Browning's  poetry,  its  essential  ele- 
mental humanity  surpassed  only  by  Shakespeare's 6  2563 

Broad  humanity  of  Besant  in  his  novels 4  1839 

Charles   Dickens  as  an  apostle  of  humanity  in  modem  life,  1 1  4625, 

4626 ;  «  So  very  human  »  the  explanation  of  his  success 11  4442 

Frances    Power    Cobbe,    an     Irish    religious    and    ethical    writer   of 

broadly  humanist  sympathies 42  113 

P.  G.  Hamerton's  <  Human  Intercourse  > 17  6877 

Wealth  of  humanist  interest  in  Symonds's  studies  of  Greek,  Italian, 

and  English  culture 36   14338,  14339 

Large  sympathy  and  enthusiasm  of  humanity  the  secret  of  Ian  Mac- 

laren's  power 38  15694 

American. —  The  welfare    of   human  society   the  single    purpose  and 

constant  study  of  Benjamin   Franklin 15  5928 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cccxci 

W.    W.    Story,    a    humanist    and    apostle    of    culture    in    his    mature 

poems 3  5  14052 

Strongly  humanistic  character  of  Mrs.  Stowe's  best  work 35  14069 

Remarkable  humanism  of  the  mother  of  Dr.  O.  W.   Holmes 19  7458 


HUMOR  AND   HUMORISTS 

Greek. —  The  wit  and  humor  of  Socrates  helped  to  charm  his  hearers  .34  13630 

Humor  and  abounding  comic  force  of  Aristophanes 2  765 

Latin. —  Roman  comedy  means  the  works  of  Plautus  and  Terence  ...  3  6  14644 
Comparison  of  the  subtler  humor  of  Terence  with  the  bolder  wit  of 

Plautus 36  14652 

Development  of  humor  by  Aristophanes 2    766-67 

French.— Rabelais's  diverting  fantastic  epics  of  ridicule  of  errors  ...   30  12004 

Moliere,  the  greatest  of  modern  comic  dramatists  26  10153 

Regnard,  French  author  of  comedies,  second  only  to  Moliere 43  454 

Cazotte,  a  French  humorist  of  the  last  half  of  the  eighteenth  century  .42  99 

Beaumarchais's  exceptional  success  with  famous  comedies 4  1657 

Mendes's  <  The  Humor  of  France  > 25  9908 

Scribe's  great  number  of  laugh-provoking  comedies 33  13083 

Delicate  humor  and  pathos  of   the   novels  and  sketches  by   Gustave 

Droz 12  4886 

W.  Besant  on  <  The  French  Humorists  > 45  348 

About's  delightfully  humorous  <  King  of  the  Mountains  > 44  222 

German. —  Brandt's  <The  Ship  of  Fools, >  a  powerful  humorous  satire, 
notably  promotive  of  culture-reformation  in  the  tipie  of  Erasmus 

and  Luther 5  231 1 

Notable  humorous  interest  of  the   dramas   and   poetic  tales  of  Hans 

Sachs 32    12611,  12612 

Heine,  a  robust  humorist  and  merciless  satirist 45  544 

Ernst  Dohm,  a  German  humorist,  one  of  the  founders   of  a  notable 

German  comic  journal 42  148 

Eichrodt's  contributions  to  German  humorous  poetry 42  166 

Ernst  Eckstein,  a  very  prolific  German  author   of  brilliant  humorous 

sketches 42  162 

Homely  fun  and  pathos  of  Fritz  Renter's  <My  Apprenticeship  on  the 

Farm> 31  12197 

Most  genial  humor  displayed  in  Frey tag's  <The  Journalists,  >  15  601 1; 

and  the  < Lost  Manuscript* 15  6013-15 

Reinick's  fine  German  lyrics,  remarkable  for  simple  humor 43  454 

Singularly  delicate  and  penetrating  wit  of  Hauff,  in  a  series  of  Ger- 
man tales 17  7014 

Sudermann's  <Iolanthe's  Wedding,*  full  of  delightful  humor  and  merry- 
making    35  14164 

Distinction    of    Chiavacci    as    an    Austrian    humorist,    contributor    to 

Vienna  journals 42  107 

Baron   Munchausen's  humorous  imaginative  story  of  travels  and  ad- 
ventures   44  304 


CCCXCii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Danish. —  Holberg's  humor  shrewd  and  deep 1 8  741 1,  7412 

Baggesen,  a  Danish  humorist  in  his  <  Comic  Tales  ^ 3  1236 

Dutch. —  Heufi's     humorous    novels    and    sketches,    caricatures,    and 

satires 42  263 

Spanish. —  Cervantes's  <Don    Quixote,  >  one  of   the  world's   great  ex- 
amples of  humorous  good  sense  8  3451 

De  Alarc6n's  <The  Three -Cornered  Hat,>  famous  for  its  pungent  wit 

and  humor i  263 

Russian. —  Natural    genuine    humor,    one    of    Gogol's    distinguishing 

characteristics 16  6458 

Saltykov,  a  Russian    satirist  classed  among  the  best  of  his  country.  .43  478 

Peculiarity  of  the  humor  of   Tolstoy   37  14995 

Hungarian. —  Kdroly    Kisfaludy,    author  of   comedies    and    novels    of 

Hungarian  life,  rich  in  humor 43  306 

Ludwig  Hevesi,  Hungarian  story-writer  and  humorist,  founder  of  the 

Magyar  comic  paper,   Borzsem   Jankd 42  263 

Adolph  Agai,  editor  of  Borzsem    Janko  (John  Peppercorn),  a  notable 

Hungarian   comic  paper 42  6 

J6kai's   publication   of    Ustokos,    one    of    the    wittiest    of    Hungarian 

humorous   weeklies  21  8333 

Italian. —  Belli,  a  noted  Roman  humorist  and  satirist 42  52 

Bondi,  a  liberal  Italian  Jesuit,  and  humorist   poet  42  67 

Fusinato,  a  widely  popular  Italian  political  humorist '. .42  206 

Farini,    an    Italian    novelist,    notable    for   humor    in   the    manner    of 

Dickens 42  t  79 

English. —  Falstaff,  by  far  the  best  of   Shakespeare's  humorous   char- 
acters   1 4  5  388 

Fielding's  Parson  Adams,  one  of  the  great  humorous  creations 14  5701 

Sterne's  <Life  and  Opinions  of  Tristram  Shandy,  >  whimsical,  hetero- 
geneous, keenly  realistic 45  517 

*The  English  Humorists  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,>  by  W.  M.  Thack- 
eray      4  4  75 

Genuine  humor  of  Lamb's  essays  43  322 

Notes  of  humor  in  John  Henry  Newman's   lectures  27  10604 

W.  Bagehot's  conception  of  humor 3  1208 

Humorous  writings  as  a  discipline  in  jolly  paganism 4  1509 

Thomas  Hood,  the  most  playful  and  humorous  of  poets 42  272 

Theodore  Hook,  a  minor  English  humorist  and  dramatic  wit 42  272 

Douglas  Jerrold,  a  notable  English  humorist,  a  writer  for  Punch.  .  .   42  289 

Dickens's  Pickwick,  pure  fun  from  beginning  to  end 45  551 

Shirley  Brooks,  notable  English  humorist,  editor  of   Punch .42  76 

Notable  career  as  an  English  humorist,  of  Tom    Taylor 43  517 

Du  Maurier's  distinction  as  a  London  comic  journalist,  contribut  r  of 

society  sketches  to  Punch,  1864-96  12  t;o4i 

Locker- Lampson's    <  London    Lyrics,  >    the     perfection    of    humorous- 
pathetic  poetry 23  9113 

The    adventures  of  Verdant  Green  at  Oxford 45  528 

W.  S.  Gilbert's  <Bab  Ballads,*  a  classic  expression  of  English  humor.  .  16  6333 


TOPICS   AND    CHIEF   LINES   OF    INTEREST  CCCXCiii 

W.  E.  Aytoun's  humorous  sketches 3        1112 

The  foremost  rank  of  Barham  among  humorists 4        1503 

American. —  Irving's    <  Knickerbocker    History   of   New    York>    satu- 
rated with  the  spirit  of  broad  comedy;  unequaled  sustained  humor 

of  parts  of  the  narrative 20  7995-97 

Sunshiny  wit  and  humor  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes 19     7462 

«Mark  Twain,»  universally  recognized  as  the  first  of  living  humorists .  9        3789 
Artemus   Ward   ranks    with    Mark   Twain    in    original    and    genuine 

American  humor 6        2463 

Parton's  <  Caricature    and  other   Comic   Art,>   a  book   showing  much 

keen  humor 28    11124 


JEWISH 

Josephus,  born  at  Jerusalem  A.  D.  37,  21  8361;  his  <Wars>  and 
<  Antiquities  >  of  the  Jews,  and  his  ^Autobiography,*  works  of  great 

importance  for  Jewish  history > 21      8362 

The  story  of  the  Talmud  as  an  immense  encyclopaedia  of  Hebrew 
questions  and  opinions  on  points  of  sacred  law,  36  14453;  24 
9591;  42  22;  a  comprehensive  codification  of  scholastic  inquiry  in 

Jewish  biblical  schools 36    14460 

The  Talmud's  account  of  a  Jewish  feast 13  5146-50 

Philo  Judaeus,  eminent  Jewish  philosopher  at  Alexandria  in  the  time 

of  Christ 43       428 

Eleazar  ben  Kalir,  a  Hebrew  poet  of  the  eighth  century 43       296 

Ibn  Esra,  a  Jewish  scholar,  author  of  hymns,  and  one  of  the  earliest 

commentators  on  the  Bible 42        282 

The  great  scholars  and  teachers  of  mediaeval  philosophy  and  science, 
3   1 100;   Ibn  Gabirol's  modification  of  Aristotle's    thought  of  God 

and  the  world 3   iioo,  iioi 

Moses  Maimonides  regarded  as  the  Jewish  Aristotle  of  Cordova,  24 
9589;  his  initiation  of  a  new  era  in   Jewish   theology,  9590;   his 

commentary  on  the  Mishnah 24     9591 

Adolphe  Franck's  <  The  Cabbala  >  or  religious  philosophy  of  the  Hebrews .  4  2        199 
Samuel  Cahen's  version  of  the  Old  Testament  in  French  (1841-53)  .42         88 

Leopold  Zunz's  «  Science  of  Judaism  » 43       599 

Azulai's  bibliography  of  over  1,300  Jewish  authors,  and  over  2,200  of 

their  works 42         32 

The   <  Tack-Kemoni  >    of  Charisi,  a  picture  of  every -day  Jewish  life 

and  character  in  the  thirteenth  century 42        103 

Hebrew  blood  of  Felix  Mendelssohn 25     9886 

Heinrich  Heine,  an  upper-class  Jew 18      7185 

Hermann  Adler  on  <The  Jews  in    England  >  and  <The  Chief   Rabbis 

of  England > 42  6 

Isaac  Mayer  Wise,  eminent  leader  of  the  reform  movement  in  Ameri- 
can Judaisrh 43        581 

Jewish  parentage  of  Berthold  Auerbach,  3  961;  Anti-Semitic  senti- 
ment embittered  his  residence  in  Germany 3  963 


CCCXciv  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Ludovic  Hal6vy,  French  dramatist  and  writer  of  librettos  of  Jewish 

parentage 17     6831 

Grace  Aguilar's   <The  Spirit   of  Judaism  >  and  other   Jewish   studies 

markedly  liberal i  225 

Isaac  D'Israeli.  and  his  eminent  son  Benjamin  Disraeli 42       145 

Jewish  sympathies  of  Disraeli  shown  by  his  Sidonia,  the  Jew  financier, 

3   1635;  his  idea  of  the  race  as  the  ^Aristocracy  of  Nature » 4        1637 

Besant's  picture  of  the  Synagogue 4  1845-51 

Fiirst's  <  History  of  Jewish  Culture  >      ...  4  2       205 

Ludovic  Halevy's  <  The  Abbe  Constantin  > 42       244 

Goldschmidt,  a   Danish  exponent  of  the  family  and  social   life  of  the 

orthodox  Jew  16     6493 

Darmesteter,  a  French-Jew  and  scholar,  on  Judaism 11  4382-84 

Alexander  Kohut,  one  of  the  greatest  Orientalists  and  Semitic  schol- 
ars of  his  age 43       311 

A  < Complete  Dictionary  of  the  Talmud, >  by  Alexander  Kohut 43       311 

Henri  Harrisse,  a  Russian-Hebrew,  author  of  important  contributions 

to  knowledge  of  the  discovery'  of  America 42       250 

Alfred    Edersheim,    a    converted    rabbi ;    a    Jewish-Christian    biblical 

writer;    author    of   important    contributions    to    Hebrew-Christian 

history 13   5145;  42   162 

Kraszewski's  <The  Jew,>  a  Polish  story  of  special  Jewish  interest  ...44  248 
Jacobs's  <The  Jews  of  Angevin  England,  >  the  story  of  the  Jews  in 

England  from  the  Norman  Conquest  to  1206 44         20 

Rodkinson's   <The   Babylonian   Talmud:    Revised  Original  and  New 

Translation  > 44         22 

History  of  Jerusalem,  by  W.   Besant  and  E.  H.  Palmer 45       342 

Leroy-Beaulieu's    <  Israel  among  the   Nations:   a  Study   of  the   Jews 

and  Anti-Semitism > 45       342 

Renan's  <The  History  of  Israel,*  five  notable  volumes 44       247 

Lessing's  <  Nathan  the  Wise,*  a  dramatic  plea  for  toleration  between 

Christian  and  Jew 44        172 

Zangwill's    <  Children   of  the   Ghetto,*    a   study  of  Jew  customs  and 

character 44        149 

Jewish  interest  of  George  Eliot's  <  Daniel  Deronda * 44  9 

<As   It  Was  Written,*  by   Sidney  Luska   (Henry  Harland)  a   Jewish 

study 44       253 

JOURNALISM   AND   JOURNALISTS 

English. —  The  journalistic  instinct  in  the  note-book  of  King  Alfred  .  i  391 

Daniel  Defoe's  pioneer  work  in  English  journalism 11  4480-84 

Initiation  of  literary  journalism  by  Steele  and  Addison 35    13877 

The  Tatler  and  the  Spectator  of  Steele  and  Addison 42   5;  i    153-55 

Suggestions   in    Smollett    of   the    method    of   the    modern   newspaper 

man 34    13579 

Greatness  of  James  Boswell  as  an  interviewer  and  reporter 5        2228 

George  Crabbe's  early  work,  < The  Newspaper* 10     4117 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCXCV 

Leigh  Hunt's  career  in  London 19  7791-93 

Mark  Lemon,  the  first  editor,  and  for  twenty-nine  years  manager  of 

Punch 4  3  335 

Journalistic  career  of  Douglas  Jerrold 21  8258 

Tom  Taylor,  dramatist  and  editor  of  Punch 43  517 

R.  H.  Barham  as  a  London  editor 4  1505 

George  Croly's  experience  of  journalism  in  London 10  4197 

Editorial  distinction  of  John  Morley, — initiated  the  custom  of  signing 

articles 26  10323,  10324 

Editorial  career  and  great  distinction  of  Walter  Bagehot 3  1205 

«Rant  and  Mendacity,  Fury  and  Distortion  »  (Walter  Bagehot),  char- 
acteristic of  party-journalism 3  1206 

William  Black's  ten  years  of  journalism 5  1983 

Archibald  Forbes's  famous  career  and  writings 42  194 

W.  Clark  Russell  at  Newcastle  and  in  London 32  12564 

Early  work  of  Thomas  Hughes  in  journalism 19  7695 

Sir  W.  H.  Russell,  special  correspondent  of  the  London  Times 43  473 

Career  of  James  Thomson,  a  poet  of   unique  genius;  author  of  <The 

City  of  Dreadful  Night  > 3  7  14865 

Henry  W.  Lucy,  London  parliamentary  reporter  and  historical  writer  43  352 

Justin  McCarthy's  connection  with  the  press 24  9440 

J.  M.  Barrie's  early  struggle  in  journalism 4  1571 

Remarkable  notes  of  journalism  in  Kipling's  early  work 22  8634 

George  Cupples's  journalistic  work 10  4209 


French. —  D' Alembert's  reference  to  weekly  newspapers  of  his  time  .  .  i  367 
Bayle,  author  of  <Bayle's  Dictionary,  >  essentially  a  modern  journalist .  4  4  126 
The  great  Encyclopedie  of  Diderot  and  D'Alembert  an   immense  de- 
monstration on  the  lines  which  are  now  those  of  journalism 44  161 

The  Anti-Jacobin  of  1797 8  3191 

Leo  Lespes,  founder  of  Le  Petit  Journal 43  338 

Arthur   Arnould's   founding   of    La    Marseillaise    and   of   the    famous 

Journal  du  Peuple 42  26 

Girardin's  <  The  Periodical  Press  in  the  Nineteenth  Century  > 42  219 

Girardin's  creation  of  the  cheap  popular  press  of  Paris 42  219 

La  Muse  Frangaise  founded  by  Victor  Hugo  and  Emile  Deschamps.42  141 

Lemoinne,  political  editor  of  the  Journal  des  Debats 43  335 

Leroy-Beaulieu,  founder  and  editor  of  L'Economiste  Frangais .43  338 

Frederic  Bastiat's  publication  of  a  journal  to  promulgate  his  views.  .4  1609 

The  Revue  de  France  founded  by  Gonzales  42  224 

Veuillot,    a    French    Catholic   journalist,    powerful    antagonist   of   the 

modern  spirit 38  15330 

Journalistic  career  of  Adolphe  Thiers  in  Paris  37  1482 1 

Heredia's  distinction  in  journalism  in  Paris 18  7278 

Alphonse  Daudet  as  a  journalist  and  humorist  in  Paris 11  4437 

Paul  Bourget's  early  experience  in  journalism 5  2252 

Spanish. —  Alarc6n,  editor  of  the  Spanish  journals  La  Epoca  and  La 

Politica I  262 


CCCXCvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OP   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Flemish. —  Georges  Eekhoud's  career  as  an  editor  in  Antwerp 13  5190 

Hymans,  a  Belgian  journalist  of  distinction 42  281 

Italian. —  Character  and  success  of  Madame  Serao  as  a  journalist.  .  .  .33  13 133 

Gozzi,  eminent  Italian  journalist,  notable  for  Dante  studies 42  228 

Baretti,  noted  Italian  literary  journalist 42  42 

Servian. —  Jovan  Jovanovic,  famous  throughout  Austria  and  Hungary 

as  an  influential  editor 42  293 

Russian. —  Notably  journalistic  turn  of  mind  of  the  Russian   novelist 
Dostoevsky,  i  2  4784 ;  his  periodical  <  Diary  of  a  Writer  >  the  most 

enormously  popular  publication  of  the  day 12  4784 

Norwegian. —  Bjornson's  <The  Editor, >  a   play  having  for  its  subject 

the  degradation  of  modern  journalism 5   1964,  1965 

German. —  Earlier  career  of  Heine  in  Munich  and  Berlin 18  7186 

Gustav  Freytag's  career  in  journalism 15  601 1 

Liebknecht,  editor-in-chief  of  Vorwarts,  the  organ  of  the  Social  Dem- 
ocratic party 43  342 

Kladderadatsch,  a  noted  comic  journal  in  Berlin 42  148 

Goethe  on  the  newspapers 16  6453 

Freytag's  <The  Journalists >  called  the  best  comedy  of  the  country..  .  . 

15  6011,  6015 

Schopenhauer's  scorn  of  journalists 33   12950,  1295 1 

Bodmer's  notable  initiation   of  German   literary  journalism  in   imita- 
tion of  Addison's  Spectator 5  2129 

Swedish. —  Dalin's  Swedish  Argus  (1732-34)  imitated  from  Addison's 

Spectator 10  4278 

Danish. —  Goldschmidt's  career  as  a  Danish  journalist    16  6493 

Molbech,  a  Danish  journalist  at    Copenhagen .43  386 

American. —  Benjamin  Franklin,  the  pioneer  of  American  journalism; 

founder  in  Philadelphia  of  the  Pennsylania  Gazette     15   5925;  42   200 

«Tom  Paine,*  two  years  assistant  editor  of  the  Pennsylvania  Maga- 
zine, when  he  began  to  write  his  political  appeals 28   10975,  10976 

Early  newspaper  career  of  the  historian  Hildreth 18  7372 

Horace  Greeley,  «the  epic  figure  of  the  American  press » 17  6653 

Journalistic  career  of  Paul  Hayne  at  Charleston 18  71 10 

Bryant's  eminent  career  as  a  journalist  in  New  York 6  2625 

Whitelaw  Reid's  journalistic  and  editorial  distinction ;  Horace  Greeley's 

successor  in  the  New  York  Tribune 43  454 

George  William  Curtis  as  a  writer  and  editor 10  4222,  4223 

Whittier's  services  to  anti-slavery  journalism 39  159 12 

Forney's  <  Forty  Years  of  American  Journalism  > 42  195 

California  journalistic  career  of  Bret  Harte 17  6985 

Both  Artemus  Ward  and  Mark  Twain  educated  in  journalism 6  2463 

Early  newspaper  career  of  John  Hay 18  7097 

Marion  Crawford,  an  editor  in  India 10  41 5 1 

T.  B.  Aldrich,  magazine  editor  in  Boston i  313 

George  W.  Smalley,  eminent  New  York  and  London  journalist 43  496 

Dr.  William  H.  Ward,  eminent  editor  of  the  New  York  Independent .  .43  561 

R.  W.  Gilder's  editorial  distinction 16  6347 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF    LINES   OF    INTEREST  CCCXCvii 

E.  L.  Godkin.  editor  The  Nation  and  the  Evening  Post 1 6  6373 

Distinction  of  Eugene  Field  in  Chicago  journahsm 14  5687 

H.  C.  Bunner's  career  in  journalism 7  2732 

J.  A.  MacGahan,  a  famous  American  war  correspondent 43  359 

Mulhall's    Buenos    Ayres    Standard    (1861),    the    first    English    daily 

paper  printed  in  South  America  43  394 

Mrs.  Abigail  Adams  finds  reporters  in  London  news  liars i  103 


LAW 

The  famous  Law-Books  of   India,— <  The  Sacred  Laws  of  the  Aryas,> 
<The  Institutes  of  Vishnu,>  ^Manu,  the  Moses  of  India,>  and  <The 

Minor  Law-Books  > 45       4i7 

Aristotle's  lost  work  on  <  Constitutions,)— one  out  of  one  hundred  and 

fifty-eight,  the  <  Constitution  of  Athens,^  recently  discovered 2  793,  794 

Solon's  place  among  creators  of  constitutions,— perhaps  the  highest .  3  4  13643-46 
«  111  fares  the  State  where  License  reigns ; 
But  I,aw  brings  order  and  concordant  peace.*'    (Solon.) 

3  4     13646 

Discussion  of  one  of  Solon's  laws,  by  Aulus  Gellius 16     6258 

Cicero's  early  distinction  as  a  pleader  at  the  bar 9        3675 

Caesar,  second   only  as  an  orator  at  the  bar  to  Cicero,   7   3037;  and 

greater  as  a  statesman  than  as  a  general 26    102 12 

Distinction    of    Pliny   the    younger    as    an    advocate    at    the    bar   at 

Rome    29    1 1583 

The   establishment  by  Marcus  Aurelius   of  the   Civil    Law   laid   the 

foundation  for  Justinian's  work 3        1025 

Justinian's  <The    Pandects, >  a  digest   of   Roman  law  from  the   com- 
mentaries of  the  great  jurists,  made  by  seventeen  famous  lawyers 

in  A.  D.   530-33   4  5       442 

Irnerius  at  Bologna  revives  the  study  of  Roman  law 45       442 

Mommsen's  < History  of  Roman  Political  Law* 43       387 

John  Calvin's  earliest  distinction  that  of  the  law 8        3117 

The  < De  Jure  Belli  et  Pacis  >  of  Grotius 44        131 

Alfred  the  Great  on  King-Craft i  392 

Alfonso  the  Wise  codified  the  Common  Law  of  Spain  and  compiled 

the  Fuero  Castellano  (Spanish  code) i  384.  385 

Francis  Bacon,  as  a  lawyer  compared  with  Coke 3        1 1 59 

Montesquieu,  on  the  origin  of  laws,  and  on  human  freedom  and  prog- 
ress under  law,  in  his  <  Spirit  of  Laws  > 45        501 

Vattel's  <The  Law  of  Nations;  or,  Principles  of  the  Law  of  Nature 

Applied  to  the  Affairs  of  Nations  and  Sovereigns  > 43        543 

Pufendorf's  <On  the  Law  of  Nature  and  the  Law  of  Nations  > 43       444 

Woolsey's    < Introduction   to   the    Study    of    International    Law*;   and 

<  An  Essay  on  Divorce  and  Divorce  Legislation  > 43        584 

Lieber's  <  Civil  Liberty  and  Self -Government,  >  edited  by  Woolsey  .43  342,  584 
Story's    < Commentaries  on   the   Constitution   of   the  United   States*; 

< Commentaries  on  the  Conflict  of  Laws,*  his  ablest  work 43        508 


CCCXCviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Mirabeau's  masterful  genius  for  practical  politics 25    10080 

Charles  Sumner  on  John  Selden,  « Unsurpassed  for  learning  and  abil- 
ity in  the  whole  splendid  history  of  the  English  bar» 33    13099 

Hobbes's  <  Leviathan  >  a  large  and  logical  study  of  psychology,  ethics, 

and  politics 44       296 

Blackstone's  famous  <  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of  England  > 44       206 

Kent's  equally  notable  <  Commentaries  on  Arnerican  Law> 44       206 

Jeremy  Bentham's  failure  in  law   practice,  and  intense  antipathy  to 

Blackstone 4  1773,   1774 

Burke's  great  legal  work  in  his   speeches  on  American   matters,  and 

his  prosecution  of  Warren  Hastings 7  2783,  2785 

John  Bright  as  a  tribune  of  the  people 6        2354 

James   Bryce  appointed   Regius  Professor  of  Civil  Law  at  Oxford  in 

1870 6        2643 

Sir  Henry  Maine,  reader  in  Roman  law  to  the  London  Inns  of  Court, 

1852,  24    9606;  results  of  this  lectureship  in  his  < Ancient  Law>.  .24     9606 
Professional  legal  service  in  India,  1862-69,  and  chair  of  jurispnidence 
at   Oxford,   1869-88;  his   studies  of  early  law  in   <  Village    Com- 
munities,>  < Early    History  of  Institutions, >  and  <  Early   Law  and 

Custom  > 24     9606 

Sir  Henry  Maine  on  <  Popular  Government  > 24      9606 

Sir  H.  Maine  on  <The  Beginnings  of  the  Modern  Laws  of  Real  Prop- 
erty,>  24  9607-10;  < Importance  of  a  Knowledge  of  Roman  Law,^ 

and  the  <  Effect  of  the  Code  Napoleon  > 24  9610-16 

Samuel  Foote's  <  How  to  be  a  Lawyer  > 15   5879-82 

Early  career  in  law  of  Bismarck 5        1929 

Early  and  extraordinary  success  of  Patrick  Henry  as  a  lawyer    18     7241 

Jefferson's  thoroughness  and  distinction  as  a  student  of  law 21      8234 

John  Adams,  educated  to  the  law,  and  a  leader  at  the  bar i  127 

Bancroft's  <  History  of  the  Formation  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 

States  > 4        1436 

John  C.  Calhoun,  remarkable  for  great  powers  of  analysis  and  exposi- 
tion      7        3088 

Rufus  Choate,  one  of  the  greatest,  if  not  the  greatest  of  advocates 
who  have  appeared  at  the  English  or  American  bar,  g  3649;  his 
address  on  <The  American  Bar,>  3661;  lawyers  are  by  profession 

statesmen 9        3662 

Daniel  Webster's  eminence  as  an  advocate 38  15726-27 

The  Jewish  Mishnah  as  the  law-book  of  later  Judaism 24  9590 

The  Rabbinical  discussions  upon  it  made  into  the  Talmud 24  9591 

Maimonides's  production  of  a  digest  arranging  in  order  the  legal  con- 
tents of  the  Talmud 24  9591 

Maimonides  on  < The  Object  of  Law* 24  9599 


TOPICS  AMD   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  CCCXCix 

LITERATURE:  PROSE  AND  POETRY 

Greek. —  <<A11   mankind  naturally  desire  knowledge, »  Aristotle  quoted 

by  Dante 1 1  434i 

Extreme  antiquity  of  fables  in  Greece,  India,  China,  and  Baby- 
lonia   I  20I 

Empedocles,  an  ancient  Greek  teacher,  preacher,  and  healer..  14  5467,  5471-73 

Contrast  of  the  prose  styles  of  Plato  and  Demosthenes 29   11 522,  11 523 

Remarkably  elegant  style  of  the  writings  of  Aristotle 2  790 

Aristotle  on  the  superiority  of  poetry  to  history 2  797 

Extraordinary  attraction  of  the  style  of  Aristophanes 2    765-68 

The  death  of  Demosthenes  by  poison  self -administered 11  4540 

Euripides,  third  of  the  great  Greek  dramatists,  one  of  the  earliest  col- 
lectors of  a  large  library 14  5569 

Latin. —  Lack  of  imagination  and  inspiration   in  Caesar 7  3044 

Virgil  as  a  type  of  reason  to  Dante 11  4345 

Horace  especially  the  consummate  artist  in  words  in  his  Odes 19  7626 

Library    of   400,000  volumes  collected   by   Hakim  II.,  Arab  ruler   in 

Spain 2  671 

Art  of  printing  invented  in  Europe 10  4041 

Early  idea  of  literary  property    2  897 

Plagiarism  not  condemned  by  the  ancients i   185 ;  3  7  14915 

Italian. —  Dante  as  poet,  scholar,  and  moralist,  unsurpassed 11  4344 

Dante  borrowed  many  of  his  sublimest  thoughts  from   Ibn  Gabirol's 

<  Fountain  of  Life  > 3  1 102 

Dante's  <New  Life,*  the  first  modern  book  freely  written  in  prose  ...11  4335 
Dante's  brief  unfinished  book  on  the  common  speech,  the  first  critical 

study  of  language  and  literature  in  modern  times 11  4339 

Ariosto's  <  Orlando  Furioso,>  an  example  of  perfection  of  style 2  743 

Aleardi's  bitter  denunciation  of  failure  of  patriotism i  351 

Aleardi  on  the  death  of  a  toiler  in  <The  Harvesters > i  352 

Aleardi  on  <The  Death  of  the  Year  > i  353 

D'Azeglio  on  the  pangs  of  an  author 3  1138-40 

German. —  Herder,  Goethe,  and   Riickert,  representatives  of  strivings 

toward  the  ideal  of  a  universal   literature 31  12458 

Riickert's  the  finest  didactic  poem  of  German  literature 31  12459 

Schbpenhauer  on  Authorship 33  12950 

Schopenhauer's  standpoint  anticipated  by  Ibn   Gabirol  3  iioi 

Handwriting:  Character  shown  by  Beethoven's,  Mendelssohn's,  Wag- 
ner's, and  Spontini's 4  1751 

Brandt's  <Ship  of  Fools,*  the  first  printed  book  that,  treated  of  con- 
temporary events  and  living  persons 5  2313 

Literary  forgery:  Meinhold's  <The  Amber  Witch,*  a  total  fabrication, 

purporting  to  be  true  history 25  9854 

Dowden's  interpretation  of  Goethe's  <  Faust  * 16  6390-95 

Diez's  <  Poetry  of  >  and  <  Lives  and  Works  of  >  the  Troubadours 42  145 

Hermann   Grimm's  five  volumes  of  essays  a  precipitate  of  all  that  is 

best  in  German  culture 17  6725 


Cd  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Danish. —  Danish    new    era    idea   that  <<  Literature   to  be   of   signifi- 
cance, should  discuss  problems  » 12     4840 

Norse. —  Bjornson   on   monarchy  as  a  wholly  outworn  institution 5        1965 


French. —  Abelard,  a  typical  great  man  of  culture  in  the  Middle  Ages.  2  862 

The  «  Pleiade,>>  a  famous  group  of  French  poets,  of  whom  the  most 

prominent  were  Ronsard,  Bellay,  Belleau  42         52 

Diderot's  extreme  free-thinking,  12  4689-91;  his  intellectual  character- 
istics and  moral  defects 12     4692 

Deschamps's  <Art    of   Poetizing,*  the  earliest  mediaeval   work   of   its 

kind 42        141 

Practical  aim  of  Voltaire  in  all  that  he  wrote,  clearness  of  statement 
and  vividness  of  illustration,  38  15455;  <<the  flaws  in  that  splen- 
did intellect » 16     6273 

Mirabeau  as  a  typical  Frenchman 8  3271-74 

Comte's  opinion  that  all  books  except  one  hundred  should  be  de- 
stroyed      ID    3937 

Littr6's  opinion  that   Comte's   later   views   were  due  to  nervous  and 

emotional  disturbance 10     3935 

Pellissier's  <  Literary  Movement  in  France  during  the  Nineteenth 
Century  >;   the   best  history  of   French    literature  during  the  last 

hundred  years 45       378 

Sismondi's  <  Literature  of  Southern  Europe  > 44        108 

Bourget   on  the    aristocratic  vision  of  Renan,   5    2258-62;  his  « divine 

faculty  of  giving  wings  to  his  subject »  (Darmesteter) 11      4382 

Great  services  of  Charles  Blanc  to  fine  arts   in  Paris 5  2052-54 

Marvelous  excellence  of  Gautier's  style 15  6222-25 

M.  Sarcey  on  <How  a  Lecture   is   Prepared, >  32    12826-35;  <  Further 

Hints  on  Lecturing  > 32  12835,  12836 

English. —  Roger  Ascham's  pure,  vigorous  English  prose 2  916 

De  Bury's   <Philobiblon,>   an  enthusiastic  eulogy  of  books  and  learning 

early  in  the  fourteenth  century 45        421 

<  Public  Office  a  Public  Trust  >  recognized  by  Alfonso  of  Spain i  384 

Characteristics  of  the  prose  of  Lord  Bacon 3        1 169 

The  idea  of  public  office  a  public  trust  not  yet  understood  in  Bacon's 

time 3       "1163 

Lord  Bacon's  praise  of  knowledge 3  1190-92 

Lord  Bacon  on  the  portrait  of  a  good  judge 3        1197 

Campion's  attack  upon  the  use  of  rhyme .  8        3185 

The  Scriblerus  Club,  organized  (1714)  to  ridicule  false  taste  in  learning.  2  724 

The  prose  of  Goldsmith  always  inimitable 16     6502 

Poetic  character  of  all  great  prose-writers 7        2913 

Shakespeare  as  a  reflection  of  the   character  of  the   Germanic  race. 

18  7262;  ^3  12922 

Impassioned  prose  in  Milton,  De  Quincey,  Ruskin,  and  Carlyle 11      4559 

Poetry  conceived  by  Bagehot  as  the  most  elevating  of  spiritual  in- 
fluences   3        1208 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdi 

The  stuff  of  great  poetry  not  an  arbitrary  creation 2  889 

True  poetry  considered  as  genuine  song 8        3255 

Literature  and  art  always  correspond  to  the  popular  ideals 11      4536 

Literatures  of  the  various  nations  the  material  for  a  history  of  civili- 
zation     18      7263 

Literature:  Idea  of  what  it  is,  and  what  constitutes   it,   3    11 67;   two- 

-  fold  aspect  of 3        "68 

Matthew  Arnold's  conception  of  literature   2  847 

Absence  of  love  and  sentiment,  and  extreme  moral  purity,  character- 
istics of  Anglo-Saxon  poetry 2  549 

Ideals  of  character  in  the  English  poet  Drayton 12     4879 

Limitation  of  Coleridge's  inspiration  to  a  single  year 9        3847 

Patriotism  characteristic  of  certain  types  of  great  art i  351 

Remarkable  example  of  persuasive  style  in  the  writings  of  Darwin  ..11     4393 

The  type  of  man  that  Thomas  Carlyle  was 8        3242 

*■  Literature,  Disraeli's  Curiosities  of  > 44  6 

Macaulay's    <  Essays,'    thirty-six    in    number,  and    extending   through 

twenty  years 24  9382,  9383 

Huxley's  great  dislike  for  Gladstone's  mode  of  thought,  and   severe 

judgment  on  Ruskin 19      7810 

Leslie  Stephen's  preeminence  as  an  English  critic  and  literary  his- 
torian   43        505 

Leslie  Stephen's  <  Hours  in  a  Library,)  a  study  of  noted  authors  and 

famous  books 44        128 

Harrison's  <The  Choice  of  Books, >  a  notable  plea  for  good  reading.  .44       127 

Stevenson's  *  Familiar  Studies  of  Men  and  Books'. 44        170 

Stories  of  production  of  literature  in  Mrs.  Oliphant's  < William  Black- 
wood and  his  Sons,  their  Magazine  and  Friends,'  44  4;  in 
Smiles's  <  Memoir  and  Correspondence  of  John  Murray,'  44  240; 
in  Thomas    Constable's    <  Archibald    Constable    and   His  Literary 

Correspondents,'  45    353;  and  in  <Bohn's  Libraries' 44        193 

American. —  To  love  and  to  understand  poetry  is  the  chief  end  of 
the    study    of    literature,   11  4315;    C.   E.  Norton's  comparison  of 

Homer,  Dante,  and  Shakespeare 11  4315,  4316 

Putnam's  capital  story  of  < Books  and  Their  Makers' 44       205 

Lounsbury's  great  work,  <  Studies  in   Chaucer ;'   and  his   <  History  of 

the  English  Language 44  38;  45  427 

[See  also  under  History.] 


MEDICAL   INTEREST 

Hippocrates,  the  first  great  scientific  physician,  the  Father  of  Medi- 
cine, earliest  of  Greek  scientists 44         79 

Littre's  French  translation  (10  vols.,  1S39-61)    of  the  works  of    Hip- 
pocrates  43       345 

Empedocles,  notable  as  a  healer  of  the  sick,  as  well  as  philosopher 

and  preacher 14      5467 

26 


Cdii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE   PRINCIPAL 

Complete  works  of  Galen,  a  brilliant  physician  at  Rome,  170  to  200 
A.  D.,    whose    teaching    transmitted   by    Arabic    study,   ruled    in 

medicine  until  the  seventeenth  century 44         79 

Avicenna's   great   medical  work,    <The   Canon, >   for  several   hundred 

years  the  chief  <  medical  authority  in  the  civilized  world 19  7835,  7836 

Rambaud  on  French  medical  science,  during  the   Middle  Ages    30    12052 

The  famous  Rabelais,  a  hospital  physician  of  very  great  medical  rep- 
utation   30    12002 

Littre's  <  Medicine  and  Physicians  > :  ...  4  3       345 

Medical  interest  of  Brillat-Savarin's  Physiology  of  Taste 6  2365-80 

Education  to  medicine  of  the  great  German  scientist,  Ernst  Haeckel.17     6781 
Virchow's  <  Collected   Essays  on  Scientific  Medicine,  >  and  <  Four  Dis- 
courses on  Life  and  Disease  > 43       549 

Thomas  Campion,  lyric  poet  and  musician,  a  notable  doctor  of  medi- 
cine in  London 8        3184 

Distinction  of  Sir  Thomas  Browne  as  a  physician 6        2475 

John    Arbuthnot,    physician    to    Queen    Anne,    a    Scottish    humorist, 

famous  for  <  The  History  of  John  Bull  > 2  723-26 ;  4  2  23 

Sir  Joseph  Lister's  writings  on  the  use  of    antiseptics  in  surgery  and 

on  the  Germ  Theory 43       345 

John  Brown,  author  of  <  Rab  and   His   Friends,^  a  noted  Edinburgh 

physician ;  author  of  medical  essays 6        2438 

S.  Weir  Mitchell,  a  noted  physician  of  Philadelphia,  author  of  widely 

popular  novels 25  10123 ;  43   385 

'  MUSIC   AND   MUSICIANS 

Close  union  of  music  with  poetry  in  early  Greek  culture  37   15162.  15173,  15174 

Greek  connection  of  poetry  with  music 2  493 

Processional  hymns  sung  at  Greek  religious  festivals 2  924 

Work  on  music  by  Boetius  long  used  as  a  text-book 5  2134 

Berlioz's  <  Memoirs  of  Music  and  Musicians  > ....  4  1811 

Poetry  of  music  in  George  Sand's  <Consuelo,>  44  184;  a  theme  which 

her  pen  never   exhausted 32  12761 

French  authors  who  have  abhorred  music 16  6554 

Lyrical  drama  wedded  to  music  to  make  opera 16  6475 

Luther  on  the  value  and  power  of  music 23  9339,  9345 

Mendelssohn's  union  of  music  and  literary  ability 25  9886,  9887 

Combination  of  Schubert's  music  with  Miiller's  lyrics 26  10443 

Schumann's  < Writings  on  Music  and  Musicians  > 43  486 

German  musical  interest  in  < The   First  Violin > ! 44  137 

Notable  success  of  Wagner  in  creating  genuine  opera  by  writing  both 

its  text  and  its  music,  38   15499;  writings  and  musical  compo 

tions,  43  555;  his  essays   of  new  departure   in  music,  38    15500; 

<The  Mastersingers  of  Nuremberg,  >  his  most  popular  work 38  15503 

Ambros's  unfinished  *  History  of  Music  > 42  16 

Wangemann's  <  Sketch  of  the  History  of  Music,*   <  History  of  the  Or- 

gan,>  and  <  History  of  the  Oratorio  > 43  560 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdiii 

Chrysander,  a   German   historian   of   music,    and   author    of    musical 

criticisms 42  108 

Eduard  Hanslick,  a  German  musical  critic  and  writer,  surpassing  all 

contemporary  workers    42  247 

Schulz's  popular  German  songs 43  485 

Franz   Liszt,    eminent    Hungarian   pianist   and   composer,    author   of 

contributions  to  the  literature  of  music   43  345 

The  Swedish  poet  Bellman's  zither  his  closest  companion  throughout 

life 4  1763 

Elise  Polko's  interesting  series  of  < Musical  Tales > 43  434 

Musical  interest  of  Sidney  Luska's  <As  It  Was  Written  > 44  253 

Musical  character  of  George  Meredith's  novel  <  Sandra  Belloni> 44  328 

Grove's  <  Dictionary  of  Music  and  Musicians,  A.  D.    1450-1878* 42  236 

Campion's  song  and  music  books 8  3185 

Rare  use  of  music  in  Shorthouse's  novels 34  13364 

^Charles  Auchester,>  a  novel  largely  devoted  to  music 44  135 

Mrs.  Spofford's  <The  Master  Spirit,  >  a  fine  study  of  music  35  13806 

John  S.  D wight  for  thirty  years  a  scholarly  musical  critic  and  editor 

in  Boston 13  5084 


NOVELS;  TALES;  FABLES 

Th?  gfreat    Sanskrit    story-book,    the  <Panchatantra,>  the   very   oldest 

monument  of  Hindu  literature i  201 

Dunlop  on  the  development  of  the  novel  from  Greek  beginnings  ....  4  5       346 
Greek   beginning  of  fables,  tales,  and   novels   in  the  age   of  political 

decline 2  597 

Aj-istides    in    the    second    century   B.  C. ,    the   father   of   Greek   prose 

romance 42         24 

Alciphron's    imaginary   letters,    the    first    attempt    to    use    letters    in 

fiction I  275 

<The  Golden  Ass,>  by  Apuleius  (second  century  A.  D. ),  a  notable 
novel   of   manners  and  customs,  full   of  dramatic   power,   and  a 

model  for  the  earliest  modem  story-tellers 2    597-99 

Greek  romance  by  Heliodorus  in  the  fourth  century  A.  D.,  the  pro- 
genitor of  our  modern  novel 18      7221 

The  <Gesta  Romanorum,>  the  most  curious  and  interesting  of  all 
collections  of  popular  tales,  16  6261;  used  by  Chaucer,  Shakes- 
peare, Schiller,  and  other  writers 16     6261 

Influence  of  the  translation  from  the  Arabic  of  the  ^Arabian  Nights \. 4        1699 

The  collection  of  Welsh  romances  known  as  the   <Mabinogion> 23     9373 

<  Romance  of  Troy,>  by  Benoit  de    Sainte-Maure   in   the  twelfth   cen- 

.      tury     42  54 

The  novel  of  character  substituted  for  the  romances  of  chivalry 22     8767 

Thomas  Jefferson  on  the  advantages  of  fiction     21      8245 

Verga's  conception  of  the  novel  as  «the  completest  and  most  human 

of  all  the  works  of  art » 38    15298 


Cdiv  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF    THE    PRINCIPAL 

Valera's   idea  of  the  object  of  a  novel  to  faithfully  represent  human 
action   and    passions  and   make   a   beautiful   work  through   such 

fidelity  to  nature 37  1 5221 

Anonymous   letter   by  Macaulay  at  sixteen    defending  novel  reading, 

and  praising  Fielding  and  Smollett 24  9381 

TroUope  on  the  importance  of  the  novelist  as  a  preacher 37  15056 

T.  H.  Green's  prize   essay  on   <The  Value   and   Influence   of  Works 

of  Fiction  > 17  66a3- 

Crawford's  three  principal  essentials  of  the  novel 10  4153 

Burton  on  <The  Preternatural  in  Fiction  > 7  2885-89 

Brander  Matthews's  <  Aspects  of  Fiction  > 44  76 

Lanier's  <The  English  Novel  and  the  Principles  of  its  Development*.  43  326 


English — Painter's  <  Palace  of  Pleasure,*  a  collection  of  tales  notable 

as  the  first  English  story-book  meant  to  be  purely  entertaining.  .45       437 

Traces  of  the  begfinnings  of  the  English  novel  in  Greene's  love  pam- 
phlets   17     6693 

Fielding's  founding  of  English  novel-writing 14      5693 

The  family  novel  created  by  Mrs.  Burney 7        2819 

Beginnings  of  the  English  novel  in  Addison's  Spectator  papers i  156 

Defoe  as  a  pioneer  in  English  novel-writing,  1 1  4484 ;  <  Robinson 
Crusoe*  the  first  of  the  great  modern  novels  of  incident  and  ad- 
venture    I   156;  II  4482 

Curious  initiation  of  English  fiction  through  letters  written  for  young 
women  by  , Samuel  Richardson, — < Pamela*  and  < Clarissa,*  his 
masterpieces 31  12226,  12227 

Fielding's  novels  the  broad  and  effective  development  of  English  fic- 
tion, after  Richardson 14      5693 

Extraordinary  variety  of   incident  and  a  fund  of  coarse  but  lively 

humor  in  the  novels  of  Smollett 34  13576,   i3577 

Immense  impression  made  by  Sterne's  < Tristram  Shandy* 35      13900 

Goldsmith,  the  only  Irish  story -writer  of  his  century;  humor,  realism, 

and  refinement  of  his  ^  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield  * 16  6504-07 

Very  high  place  accorded  by  Scott  and  Macaulay   to   the   novels   of 

Jane  Austen  portraying  English  character  and  scenes 3   1048;  42  30 

Characteristics   of  the   novels  of   Charles  Dickens 11  4629-34 

Bulwer's   domestic    series,  of   which    <The   Caxtons*  is   the  type,  his 

most  popular  work 6        2701 

Specially  charming  character  of  Bulwer's  <  Kenelm  Chillingly  * 6        2702 

Supreme  literary  art  and  story  interest  of  the  novels  of  W.  M.  Thack- 
eray   36   14663-72 ;  43   520 

Enduring  fascination  of  the     Wandering  Jew,    the  story  best  told  in 

Croly's  <  Salathiel  the  Immortal  * 10     4198 

Special   purpose  character  of  Wilkie  Collins's  <Man  and  Wife,*  <The 

New  Magdalen,*  and  <  Heart  and  Science  * 9        3880 

Wilkie  Collins's  masterpieces,  *■  The  Moonstone  *  and  <  The  Woman  in 

White* 9        3881 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdv 

Disraeli's  trilogy,  <Coningsby,>  <Tancred,>  and  <SibyP 4        1635 

Disraeli's   <  Sibyl, >    contrasting    the   lives    of    the   very   rich  and    the 

hopelessly  poor 4        1635 

The  characters  of  Byron   and    Shelley  made  the   basis   of  Disraeli's 

*  Venetia  > 4        1635 

Disraeli's  <  Lothair  >  aimed  at  the  Jesuits,  the  Fenians,  and  the  Com- 
munists             ....  4        1636 

Interesting  and  effective  purpose  novels  of  Charles  Reade,   31    12105; 

his  <The  Cloister  and  the  Hearth*  a  great  historical  masterpiece .  3  i    12106 

The  historical  novel  created  by  Scott  33    13002 

<Crichton*   and   other  historical   novels  of  W.  H.    Ainsworth    highly 

praised i  237 

Charles    Kingsley's  historical   novels,  <Hypatia>  and  <  Westward  Ho,> 

22  8613;  his  purpose  novels,  < Yeast*  and  < Alton  Locke*   22      8613 

Miss  Aguilar's  historical  tale  of  the  persecution  of  the  Jews  in  Spain 

under  the  Inquisition  (<The  Vale  of  Cedars*) i  225 

Extraordinary  effect  of   the   appearance   of  Charlotte   Bronte's  *Jane 

Eyre  * 6        2381 

George    Eliot's    unsurpassed    excellence    in    novels  of   character   and 

scenery  thoroughly  English 13   5364-75 ;   42   166 

George  Eliot's   <Romola,*    notable   as   a    great  historical    novel,    and 

great  in  drawing  of   character 45        514 

Mrs.  Gaskell's  <  Mary  Barton  *  and  <  North  and  .South  *  admirable  pur- 
pose novels 15  6205,  6206 

Mrs.  Mulock  Craik's  English  domestic  novels  of  the  finest  quality 10     4124 

<John  Halifax,  Gentleman,*  and  <A  Life  for  a  Life,*  Mrs.  Craik's  best 

novels,    10  4123;    her    < Hannah,*    a    strong    but   painful    purpose 

story 10     4124 

Descriptive  and  dramatic  power  shown  in  the  novels  of  Mrs.  Oliphant.  27    10820 

Characteristics  and  success  of  Ouida's  novels 27    10886 

High    purpose   and  effective   art    of   Mrs.    Humphry   Ward's    English 

stories 38    15641-44 

Thoroughly  English  character  and  notable  success   of  Anthony  Trol- 

lope's  novels 37   15033,  15034 

Exceptional    interest  of   the   five   novels   included   by    Trollope    under 

<  The  Chronicles  of  Barset  * 37    1 5034 

Characteristics  of  George  Macdonald  as  a  novelist,  realist,  and  humanist.  2  4      9455 
Success  of  Owen  Meredith's  <  Lucile  *  as  a  modern  story  in  rhyme ...  2  3     9349 
Lever's  best-known  and  valued  novels  are  dashing  tales  of  Irish  sol- 
dier life,— <  Harry  Lorrequer,*  < Charles  O'Malley,*  and  <Tom  Burke 

of  Ours  * 23     9026 

Special  excellence  of  Marryat's  <  Peter  Simple  *  and  <  Midshipman  Easy  '.24     9739 
William  Black's  most  successful  stories,  <  Princess  of  Thule,*  <  Daughter 
of   Heath,*  <In  Far  Lochaber,*  <Macleod  of  Dare,*  and  < Madcap 

Violet  * 5        1984 

Contrast  in  the  endings  of  Black's  earlier  and  later  novels 5        1986 

Character-drawing  in  Blackmore's  novels 5        2013 


Cdvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

<Lorna  Doone,>  Blackmore's  masterpiece,  a  novel  of  Devonshire  in  the 

time  of  Charles  II 5        2014 

Intense  realism  of  life,  especially  of  rural  life  and  of  nature,  charac- 
teristic of  Thomas   Hardy's  novels -....17     6933 

Characteristics  of  S.  Baring-Gould  as  a  novelist 4        1530 

George  Meredith's  characteristics  as  a   novelist,  notable   in  fiction  as 

Browning  in  poetry,  for  his  studies  of  character  and  ideas 25  9915-20 

Conservative  and  wholesome  character  of  the  novels  of  W.  E.  Norris.27    10687 

Characteristics  of  the  novels  of  Walter  Besant 4    1837-39 

Besant's  <A11  Sorts  and  Conditions  of  Men,>  <The  Children  of  Gibeon,> 
and  <The  World  Went  Very  Well  Then,>  written  with  a  philan- 
thropic purpose 4        1838 

Rare  art  and  rich  spiritual  significance  of  the  novels  of  J.  H.  Shorthouse .  3  4  13363 
Stevenson's  highest  achievement  in  *  Kidnapped  >  and  <  David  Balfour  >.  35  13933 
Excellence   of    the   sea   stories   of  W.    Clark   Russell   compared   with 

those  of  Cupples,  Cooper,  Marryat,  and  Stevenson 32   12563,   12564 

A.  Conan  Doyle's  more  serious  and  laborious  work,  that  of  his  his- 
torical romances 12  4815,  4816 

Gilbert  Parker's  novels  of  the  time  of  the  French  and  Indian  Wars 

in  Canada 28    1 1047 

Dramatic  power  of  Olive    Schreiner's   <  Story  of  An    African    Farm  > ; 

her  purpose  novel  <  Trooper    Peter   Kalket> 33    12958 

Kipling's   <  Plain   Tales   from    the    Hills  >  and  later  volumes   of  short 

stories  markedly  original  and  effective 22  8634,  8635 

The  characteristics  of  J.  M.   Barrie's  genius  as  a  novelist.. 4  1571-73 

A  fifty-volume  edition  of  the  best  English  novels  as  made   by  Mrs. 

Barbauld  about  1810 4       1483 

Italian. —  The  novel  created   in  Italian   by  Boccaccio 44       235 

D'Annunzio's  strikingly  realistic  novels  marked  by  subtle  portrayal  of 
character  and   incident,   his  <  Triumph  of   Death,  >   pronounced   by 

Brunetiere  unsurpassed  in    naturalistic   realism    2    574-76 

Extraordinary  permanent  popularity  of  Manzoni's  *■  The  Betrothed  V  .  2  4     9674 

Idea  of  the  novel  by  Verga,  Italian  novelist 38    15298 

Severe  relentless  realism  with  which  Verga  paints  in  his  Sicilian  tales 

the  facts  of  peasant  life 38    15297 

Exceptional  excellence  as  a  story  of  Ruffini's  <Dr.  Antonio  > 31    12472 

Spanish. —  The  modern  Spanish  novel  created  by  Caballero 7        3002 

The  <Novelas   Picarescas,  or   Picaresque   Novels,  >   Spanish   stories  of 

amusing  knaves  in  very  low  life 15      6153 

The  picaresque  novel  originated  by  Mendoza  in  his  <  Little  Lazarus 
of  Tormes,*  followed  by  Aleman  in  his  < Picaroon  Guzman,*  and 

brought  to  perfection  in  <  Gil  Bias  > 42   12;  43  378 

Spanish  stories  of  rogues,  pickpockets,  and  tramps 8        3452 

A  score   of   important   Spanish   historical   romances   called   <  National 

Episodes.*  by  Gald6s,   15  6159;  another  score  of  other  novels,  i  5  6160,  6161 
Galdds's  <  Dona  Perfecta,*    <Leon  Roch's  Family,*  and  <  Gloria,*  pur- 
pose novels 15      6 161 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdvii 

Valera's  masterpiece,  <Pepita   Ximenez,^   a  novel  of  character,  not  of 

action  or  purpose 37  1 5221 

Pereda,    the   most  original    of  the  contemporary  Spanish   writers   of 

fiction 29  1 1305 

Intense  and  powerful  realism  of  Madame  Pardo-Bazdn's  novels 28  11026 

Jorge  Isaaks  <  Maria, >  a  widely  popular  South  American  story 20  8046 

Hungarian. —  The  Hungarian  masterpieces  of  Maurice  Jdkai ;  his 
nearly  three  hundred  volumes,  a  true  and  fascinating  picture  of 
the  strange  semi-European  and  semi-Asiatic  life  of   Hungary.  ,.    21      8332 

Eotvos's  <The  Carthusian  Monk,^  a  powerful  problem  novel 14      5485 

Flemish. —  Henri  Conscience's  extraordinarily  successful  historical 
novels, — <The    Wonder    Year,>    *The    Lion    of    Flanders,>    <The 

Peasants'  War  > 10  3958,  3959 

Eekhoud's  naturalistic  picture  novels, — <  The  New  Carthage  >  (Ant- 
werp), his  most  brilliant 13      5190 

Polish. —  Sienkiewicz's    short    stories,    famous    historical  trilogy,    and 

other  novels,  a  monument  of  creative  genius 34   13400-04 

De  Vogiie  on  realism  and  the  Russian  novel 38    15445 

Russian. —  Gogol's  <Taras  Bulba,>  an  historical  picture  of  the  fa- 
mous Kazak  (Russian)  republic 16      6461 

Pushkin's  ^ Evgenie  Onyegin,>  a  romance  in  verse,  his  greatest  work. 30    11909 

Estimate  of  the  novels  of  Turgeneff,  by  Henry  James 37   15059-62 

Turgeneflf's   rank   among  the   greatest    of  novelists   in   his  sense   of 

character  and  power  of  vivid  portrayal 37    15061 

Characteristics  of  the  novels  of  Tolstoy 37  14989-94 

Tolstoy's  <  War  and  Peace,  >  his  greatest  novel 37  15015-30 

The  realism  of  Tolstoy,  Turgeneff,  and  Howells 5        2273 

Dutch. —  Comparison  of  Maarten  Maartens,  George  Eliot,  and  Edouard 

Rod,  as  conscientious  ethical  teachers   23     9359 

French. —  Early  realism  of  La  Bruyere  and  its  influence  upon  Le  Sage  .22      8761 

Le  Sage,  the  first  great  realist  in  fiction,  22  8984:  his  <  Gil  Blas,> 
translated  by  Smollett,  the  model  after  which  Fielding  sought  to 
shape  the  English  novel 22      8987 

The  <Cent  Nouvelles  Nouvelles,'  published  in  i486,  a  picture  of  social 

conditions  in  Paris  at  the  time 44         88 

Madame  de  La  Fayette's  the   <  Princess  of  Cleves,>  the  first  novel  in 

literature  that  could  be  called  the  romance  of  a  married  woman .  2  2      8768 

La  Bruyere's  <  Characters  >  a  series  of  pictures  of  human  society  un- 
der various  aspects 44         88 

Balzac,  the  greatest  of  modern  realists,  3  1350,  1366;  numerous  and 
'splendid  masterpieces,  1352;  was  he  Europe's  greatest  writer 
since  Shakespeare  ? 3        1355 

Victor  Hugo's  great  initial  success  in  <  Notre  Dame  de  Paris  >  19 
7714;  his  <Les  Miserables,>  (Toilers  of  the  Sea,>  and  <Man  who 
Laughs,  >  7719;  his  gre§t  historical  romance,  <  Ninety-three  > 19      7723 

Method  and  characteristics  in  fiction  of  George  Sand 32  12764-69 


Cdviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

The    novels    of    Stendhal    an    important  link    in    the  development  of 

modern  fiction 4   1861,  1863 

Merimee's  < Chronicle  of  Charles  IX., ^  the  masterpiece  of  French  his- 
torical fiction 25     9943 

Suggestion  as  to  the  elder  Dumas's  best  works 12     4966 

The  purpose  stories  by  Erckmann-Chatrian,  at  the  same  time  histor- 
ical, picturing  the  Revolution,  and  designed  to  show  peace  better 

than  war 14      5539 

High  ethical  and  humanitarian  character  of  Eugene  Sue's  great  ro- 
mances, <  The  Mysteries  of  Paris  >  and  <  The  Wandering  Jew  >  .  . . 

3  5   14182,  14183 

J.   F.  Denis's  series  of  historical  novels,  <  Ysmael-ben-Kaisar ;    or,  the 

Discovery  of  the  New  World  > 42        139 

Gautier's    four    most    remarkable    novels, — <  Captain    Fracasse,'    <  Ro- 
mance of  the  Mummy,)  <Spirite,>  and  < Mademoiselle  de  Maupin^.is     6223 
Gautier's  <Arria  Marcella,'  a  brilliant  picture  of  Pompeii  and  Roman 

life  in  the  first  century 15      6224 

Flaubert's  <  Madame  Bovary  > 14  5815,  5821 

Characteristics  of  Daudet  in  his  best  novels ! .  .  . .  1 1  4440-42 

Prevost's  <Manon  Lescaut,*  a  pathetic  though  repulsive  love  story... 30    11807 
Fine  natural  realism   of  Quesnay  de   Beaurepaire's   novels  of  French 

peasant  life 30    11925 

Esquircs's  historical  novel,  <  Charlotte  Corday  > 14      5556 

Relation  of  Maupassant's  realism  to  French  fiction 25     9803 

The  Zola-Maupassant  school  of  realism  in  French  founded  by  Flau- 
bert's <  Madame  Bovary  > 45        433 

Danish. —  Importance  of  Ingemann's  Danish  historical  novels 20      7983 

Norwegian. —  Garborg's  <A  Freethinker,  >  a  study  of  the  conflict 
between  dogma  and  thought,  15  6186;  his  < Peasant  Students,*  a 
study  of  peasant  character,  his  greatest  work,  6186;  his  <  Mann- 
folk,*  a  startling  frank  handling  of  the  question  of  the  sexes 15     6187 

Norwegian  folk-tales  collected  and  retold  by  Asbjornsen  2  905 

Bjornson's  <Kongen>  (The    King),  a  work  of  noble  idealism  in  both 

politics  and  religion   5        1965 

Icelandic. —  Folk-tales:  Those  of  Iceland  collected  by  Arnason 2  802 

Swedish. —  Romanticism  in  the  novels  of  Almquist;  his  problem  novel, 

<It's  All  Right,*  an  attack  upon  conventional  marriage i  440 

The  purpose  novels  of  Miss  Bremer  far  inferior  to  her  earlj^  work..  .6        2330 

German. — Wieland's  ^Agathon,*  the  first  modern  romance  of  culture.  .39    15955 

Richter's  best  and  most  brilliant  works  of  fiction 31    12250 

Preeminent  success  of  Tieck  in  fairy  tales 37    14943-45 

Kleist  a  supreme    German    master  of  fiction   in  his    <  Michael   Kohl- 

haas  > 22     8667 

Freytag's  attempt  to  make  the  novel  a  picture  of  the  social  conditions 
of  the  time,  15  6012;  his  <  Debit  and  Credit,*  a  study  of  the 
problem  of  industrialism 15      6012 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF    INTEREST  cdix 

Paul  Heyse's  purpose  novels,  <  Children  of  the  World  >  and  <In  Para- 
dise, >  notably  representative  of  radical  individualism i8      7334 

Immermann's  romance  <The  Epigoni,*  a  purpose  novel  of  modern  in- 
dustrialism      20     7897 

Among  novels  Goethe's  <Wilhelm  Meister,>  Kleist's  <  Michael  Kohl- 
haas,>  and  Keller's  <  Seldwyla  Folk  >  bear  the  palm  in  German 
literature 21      8518 

Konrad  F.  Meyer,  the  veteran  chief  of   German  fiction  at  the  end  of 

the  nineteenth  century 25      9966 

Meyer's    (Swiss-German)    <The   Saint,  >   one    of   the    most    finished   of 

German  historical  novels 25     9966 

Sacher-Masoch,  notable  German  novelist  of  Austria-Hungary;  great 
powers  of  realistic  description;  his  <  Seraph >  vividly  depicts  Hun- 
garian life  and   customs ■  .  43  475 ;  45  468 

HauflE's  <Lichtenstein,>  the  first  distinctively  historical  German  novel 
of  importance,  32  12839;  Sheflfel's  <Ekkehard,>  the  supreme  Ger- 
man example 32    12839 

<The  Egyptian  Princess, >  Ebers's  most  representative  romance,  1 3  5091 ; 
<Uarda,>  a  picture  of  Egypt  under  Rameses  II.,  5091;  <Homo 
Sum,)  a  story  of  the  spirit  of  early  Christianity,  5091;  <The 
Burgomaster's  Wife,*  a  story  of  Leyden  holding  out  against 
Spanish  attack 13      5091 

Dahn's  <The  Struggle  for  Rome,'  a  series  of  elaborate  historical 
pictures  of  the  sixth  century,  i  o  4268 ;  his  other  specially  historical 
novels 10     4268 

Extraordinary  realism,  popular  sympathy,  and  effective  art  of  Renter's 
tales,  sketches,  and  novels,  31  12196;  <My  Apprenticeship  on  the 
Farm,>  his  masterpiece 31    12196 

Admirable    character    of    Dingelstedt's    < Under    the    Earth,*    < Seven 

Peaceful  Tales,  *  and  <  The  Amazon  > ...12     4705 

Wide  range  of  interest  and  ideas,  and  faithful  realism,  of  Spielhagen's 

novels 35    13773 

Storm,  one  of  the  great  masters  of  the  short   story  of  character  and 

sentiment 35    14039 

Sudermann's  <The  Cat  Bridge,*  pronounced  by  some  critics  the  most 

powerful  novel  of  contemporary  German   literature 35    14164 

Sudermann's  <  It  Was,*  the  most  successful  of   his  novels 35    14165 

American. — Charles  Brockden  Brown,  a  rare  story-teller;  the  pioneer 
of  literature  distinctively  American;  six  novels  produced  during 
residence  for  literary  work  in  New  York,   1 796-1801 6  2427-28 

Irving's  < Knickerbocker  History  of   New  York,*  a  masterly  example 

of  humorous  fiction 20  7995-97 

Sylvester  Judd's  < Margaret,*  a  pioneer  example  of  American  purpose 

fiction 21      8399 

Hildreth's  <The  Slave,*  the  earliest  American  anti-slavery  novel i8     7372 

Cooper's  thirty -two  novels  published  in  twenty-nine  years;  the  work 
of  a  gfreat  novelist,  original  and  irresistible;  equaled  by  no 
American  author  in  popularity 10  3985,  3992 


Cdx  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Hawthorne's  < Scarlet  Letter,>  America's  rarest  product  in  fiction.  18  7055,  7057 
High  value  of  the  picturesque  stories  of  W.  G.  Simms  reflecting  colo- 
nial and  revolutionary  scenes  in  the  South 34  13455-57 

High  rank  accorded  to  J.  W.  De  Forest's  stories 44       304 

The  two  dominant  motives  in  Henry  James's  novels,  the  contrast  of 
artistic  and  prosaic,  and  that  of  European  and  American,  20 
8072 ;  noted  as  the  inventor,  to  a  large  extent,  of  the  present  ar- 
tistic society  novel 20     8074 

Dana's  <Two  Years  before  the  Mast,>  the   true   history  of  a  voyage 

around  Cape  Horn  to  California 11      4302 

Excellence  of  the  stories  of  Theodore  Winthrop 39    16076 

<The  Story  of  a  Bad  Boy,>  by  T.  B.  Aldrich,  and  other  choice  novels 

and  sketches i  315 

Bret  Harte's  <  Gabriel  Conroy,*  an  elaborate  study  of  early  California 

culture 17     6987 

Mrs.  Stowe's  novels;  a  supreme  example  of  the  application  of  the  es- 
sential Puritan  spirit  to  the  service  of  humanity 35    14072 

Very  exceptional  excellence  and  dramatic  power  of  Mrs.  E.  B.  Stod- 
dard's three  novels  (1862-67) 35    14013 

E.  P.  Roe's  <  Barriers  Burned  Away>  a  Chicago  story,  vividly  depict- 
ing the  Great  Fire 44       327 

Realism  of  Miss  Wilkins  with  leaning  to  romanticism 39    15983 

Rollicking  humor  and  rare  interest  of  Rose  Terry  Cooke's  stories.  10  3973,  3974 
Extraordinary  excellence   of  Mrs.  Dodge's   story  of  life   in   Holland, 

<Hans  Brinker ;  or,  the  Silver  Skates > 12     4757 

Cable's  <The  Grandissimes,*  the  history  of  a  civilization 7        3019 

Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell's  very  great  popular  success  in  historical-roman- 
tic novels is 25    10124 

Sea   Stories. —  Cooper's  <The  Pilot,>  a  pioneer  in  genuine  stories  of 

the  sea 4  5  554 

Sea  scenes  depicted  with   remarkable  power  in  Michael  Scott's  <Tom 

Cringle's  Log* 4  5  5i9 

R.  H.  Dana's  <  Two  Years  Before  the  Mast  > 4  5  488 

Victor  Hugo's  descriptions  in  <  The  Toilers  of  the  Sea  >  4  5  473 

<  South-Sea  Idylls,>  by  C.  W.  Stoddard 4  5  460 

Melville's  <Moby  Dick,>  a  complete  story  of  whale-catching  in  the  old 

time 45  43i 

<The  Wreck  of  the  Grosvenor,>  by  W.  Clark  Russell 4  4  305 

The    Ocean,    its    mystery    and    vastness    exceptionally   presented    in 

Cupples's  <Sea  Stories,  >  and  Hugo's  <  Toilers  of  the  Sea> 10  4209 

George    Cupples's    <The    Green    Hand>    and    <Tom    Cringle's    Log* 

among  the  best  ever  written 10  4209 

Barker's  series  of  spirited  sea  tales,  very  popular  in  their  day 42  42 

Drachmann's  best  poems  and  tales,  those  dealing  with  the  sea 12  4841 

Eugene  Sue's  <  Sea-Stories  >  the  first  in  French  literature 35  141 82 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdxi 

ORATORS   AND   ORATORY 

Greek.— Remarkably  eloquent  orations  in  Homer 34  13642 

Socrates,  a   teacher  through   the   spoken,  not   the  written  words,  34 
13627;  testimony  to  the  effect  of  the  voice  of  Socrates;  he  spoke 

more  effectively  than  Pericles  and  other  great  orators  34  13631 

Physical  defect,  mental  power,  and  extraordinary  success  of  Demos- 
thenes   II   4538,  4539 

^schines,  rival  of  Demosthenes,  and  especially  brilliant  in  extempo- 
raneous efforts I   178;  42  6 

The  famous  speeches   composed   by   Thucydides  for  characters  in  his 

History 3  7  I49i5 

Latin. —  Cato's  advice  for  effective  speaking 8  3349 

Cato,  the  first  Italian  to  publish  a  collection  of  orations 8  3347 

Cicero's  unrivaled  eloquence : 9  3^77 

Cicero  on  the  training  of  a  great  orator 9  3696 

Cicero's  oration  on  <  The  Reply  of  the  Aruspices  > 44  335 

Quintilian  on  nature  and  art  in  oratory 30  11989 

Quintilian's  lost  essay  on  the  Decline  of  Oratory,  and  treatise  upon 

the  Education  of  an  Orator 30  11980,  11981 

The  speeches  in  Livy's  <  Roman  History  >  show  him  at  his  best 23  9093 

The  greatness  of  Caesar  in  eloquence 7  3037.  3039 

Luxuriant  and  florid  type  of  oratory  in  Pliny 29  11583 

Special  value  of  the  work  of  Tacitus  on  Roman  eloquence 36  14369 

Modern. —  Wonderful  eloquence  of  Voltaire  in  conversation 38  15457 

Thiers,  Guizot,  Berryer,  and  Lamartine,  brilliant  political  orators  in 

France 37  14823 

Cousin's  characteristics  as  a  speaker 10  4080 

Rambaud  as  an  illustration  of  the  fact  that  speech  in  France  is  the 

great  organ  of  education 30  12043 

Castelar,  celebrated  Spanish  orator,  and  Republican  political  leader  ..42  97 
The  Hungarian  novelist  Jokai,  as  consummate  a  speaker  as  he  is  an 

incomparable  writer 21  8333 

Eminent  success  of  the  French  critic  Brunetiere  as  a  public  speaker. 6  2606 

Voss's  great  work,  <The  Institutes  of  Oratory  > 43  553 

Bismarck  as  a  speaker,  not  an  orator 5  1933 

Disraeli   on   eloquence  4  1651 

Marvelous  effect  of  speeches  by  Sheridan 34  13319 

Henry  Grattan,  an  Irish  parliamentary  orator 42  230 

Unique  distinction  and  characteristics  of  John  Bright 6  2355 

Huxley's    marv^elous  power  of   lucid    exposition   and  «firm   biting   elo- 
quence,»  19  7807;  unrivaled  position  as  a  speaker  and  writer....  19  7812 
Notable  eloquence  of  Tyndall  as  an  expositor  of  new  theories  in  science.  3  7  15142 

Brilliant  oratorical  powers  of  Patrick  Henry 18  7241 

Famous  orations  by  Fisher  Ames 42  16 

Daniel  Webster's  oratory 38  15725,  15727 


Cdxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Unequaled  impressiveness  and  power  of  Henry  Clay  as  an  orator  ...  9  3761 

Declining  fame  of  Edward  Everett 14  5607 

Rufus  Choate,  one  of  the  greatest  advocates  that  the  bar  ever  saw  .  .  9  3649 

Eloquence  of  Abraham  Lincoln's  inaugural  addresses 23  9059,  9070,  9075 

Character  of  G.  W.  Curtis's  addresses 10  4224 

Wendell  Phillips,  eminent  anti-slavery  orator 29  11409 

Calhoun  a  thinker  rather  than  an  orator  7  3088 

Pulpit  Eloquence. —  Unsurpassed  excellence  of  Chrysostom  in  oratory 

9  3665,  3666 

Johannes  Tauler,  reputed  the  greatest  preacher  of  his  time 43        516 

The  O^der  of  Preachers  initiated  by  St.  Dominic 3        1082 

The  great  age  of   pulpit  eloquence  in  France,  —  Bossuet,  Bourdaloue, 

and  Massillon,  the  last  the  greatest  of  the  three 25     9780 

Bossuet  as  a  supreme  French  pulpit  orator 5  2209-16 

Fenelon,  a  preacher  of  the  highest  rank, —  character  of  his  eloquence. 

14  5642,  5643 

Lacordaire,  famous  as  a  preacher  at  Notre  Dame 43  319 

Barbieri,  an  Italian  pulpit  orator,  noted  for  the  tasteful  eloquence  of 

his  sermons 42  42 

Eloquence  in  Manzoni's  tragedies 24  9673 

Carlyle's  contrast  of  oratory,  preaching,  and  extempore  prayer 8  3263 

Preeminent  power  of  F.  D.  Maurice  in  his  sermons 25  9829 

Marvelous  eloquent  preaching  in  the  English  church  by  F.  W.   Rob- 
ertson .      31  12307 

Character  of  the  sermons  of  Dr.  Horace  Bushnell 7        2914 

H.  W.  Beecher's  distinction  as  a  preacher 4  1713-ig 

Three  epochs  of  H.  W.  Beecher's  style  as  an  orator 4        1718 

Milton's  prose-writings  read  by  H.  W.  Beecher  for  inspiration 4        1715 

Religious  poetry   of  every  age   and    faith   as   an    inspiration    to   the 

preacher 4        1716 

Method  and  success  of  Phillips  Brooks  as  a  preacher ....  4        2419 

Emerson's  lectures  as  orations 13  5424,  5425 

Matthew  Arnold  distinctively  a  preacher 2  846 


PESSIMISM 

A  Neo-Hellenist    French  view  of  life 15  5910 

The  curse  of   nihilism  and  pessimism  in  French  letters  11  4597 

Flaubert's  series  of  six  volumes  the  most  uncompromising  manual  of 

nihilism  ever  composed 14  5816 

Rough,  emotional  pessimistic   tendency  of  Maupassant's  novels 25  9805 

Bourget's  opinion  that  present  scientific  theories  encourage  pessimism .  5  2253 
Analysis  of  typical  French  pessimism  by  Rod,  31    12336;  author  of  a 

markedly  pessimistic   novel 31  12336 

Lermontov  the  poet  in  Russian  literature  of  romantic  pessimism ....  3  2  12587 

Gloomy  pessimistic  tone  in  the  tales  and  dramas  of  Slowacki 34  13509 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdxiii 

Maddch's  pessimistic  alarms  throughout  his  <  Tragedy  of   Man  > 24     9516 

Dark  view  of   life  taken  by  the  English  poet  Crabbe 10     41 18 

The  Highlander's  tendency  to  a  dark  view  of  life .5        1985 

Tendency  to  pessimism  in  Matthew  Arnold 2         853 

E.  L.  Godkin  on   pessimism 16  6378-80 

Unique  distinctive  character  of  the  pessimism  of  Thomson's  <City  of 

Dreadful   Night> 3  7   14865,   14866 


RELIGIOUS:  THEMES  AND  THOUGHTS 

Zeus's  wish  to  destroy  the  old  race  of  mankind  (compare  Bel,     i   55) 

I  187 

Prometheus  as  the  antagonist  of  Zeus  (Compare  Bel,     i   71) i   187,  188 

Greek  idea  of  the  Furies  changed  to  the  Eumenides  (Gracious  deities) .  i  191 

Hecuba's  prayer  to   Zeus 14  5572 

Cleanthes's  <Hymn  to  Zeus,>  quoted  by  Paul  on  Mars  Hill 9  3784 

Empedocles  on  God  as  «  a  sacred  and  unutterable    Mind» 14  5474 

Intensely  religious  nature  of  ^Eschylus 14  5570 

The  Greek  poet's  lesson  of  equanimity 3  7  15170 

Pindar's   grand  lyrics  dominated  by  religious  faith 29    11489,  11491 

The  two  chief  Socratic  characteristics,  (i)  effort  to  dissipate  intellec- 
tual confusion,  and  (2)  faith  that  moral  truth  exists 29  11521 

Invariable  effort  of  Socrates  to  secure  thought  for  the  state  of  the 

soul 29  11528 

Socrates  on  « the  idea  of  good » 29  11552 

Socrates  on  « great  reason  to  hope  that  death  is  a  good» 29  11539 

Socrates  on  death  and   judgment 29  11 546 

The  Platonic   fourfold   gospel    in    the    <Gorgias,>  the    <  Apology, >   the 

<Crito,>  and  the    <Phsedo> 29  11521 

Platonic  arguments  for  Immortality 29  11529 

« I  have  shunned  evil  all  my  life  >>  (Socrates) 34  13632 

«We  ought  not  to  retaliate  or  render  evil  for  evil  to  anyone >>  (Soc- 
rates)   34  13633 

«Which  is  better,  God  only  knows»  (Socrates  on   to  die  or  to  live). 29  11541 
Thucydides's  view  of  history  as  based  on  a  logic  of  events,  not  on  Di- 
vine Providence 37  14912 

New  Departure:  Aristophanes  opposed  to  the  new  spirit  of  his   age 

in  literature,  philosophy,  and  politics 2  764 

Preparation  for  Christianity  in  the  teaching  of  Socrates,  35  141 12;  in 
the  philosophy  of  Plato,  141 13;  in  Aristotle's  exalted  theory  of 
man's  moral  object,  141 14;  in  Stoicism,  141 14,  141 15  ;  in  epicurianism 
to  some  extent,  14115,  14116;  in  Roman  unity  of  Empire  over  the 

nations,  14117;  and  in  the  practical  turn  of  the  Roman  mind.  .  .  .35  14118 
Montaigne  far  excelled  in  elevation  of  thought  and  purity  of  tone  by 

Plutarch 29  1 1604 

Lofty  example  in  the  character  of  Aristotle 2  789 

Epictetus  on  God  with  Us ; ; 14  5500,  5501,  5508 


Cdxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

The  <  Mysteries  >  of  Greek  Demeter  worship 1 6  6646 

Lucian's  <  Dialogues  of  the  Gods,^  a  second-century  study  at  Athens 

of  ancient  characters  and  religion;  and  a  parody  of  the  Homeric 

gods 4  5  66 ;  23  9286-88 

Greek  deities  represented  as  altogether   inferior   to    heroic   men   and 

women 18  7327 

Stoic  development  of   Platonism  into  spiritism  23  9289 

A  Greek  poet  on  death  as  «an  endless,   unawakable  sleep » 26  10364 

The  Augustan  « cardinal  half  century  of   the  world's  life>^  into  which 

Christ  was  born : 38  1 5416 

The  poetic  pantheism  of  Lucretius 23  9304,  9309 

Lucretius  contrasted  with  Virgil  in  religious   faith 38    15413,  15414 

Seneca  used  as  a  Bible  by  Boethius  in  his  <  Consolations  of  Philosophy  >.  4  5  345 

Juvenal   as  a  preacher  of  total  depravity 21  8414,  8415 

Pagan  religious  revival  in  the  second  century 23  9287 

Boethius  on  <  The  Government  of  the  World  > 31    12370-71 

Virgil's  ^neid,  the  Bible  of  the  later  classical    literature 45  474 

Marcus    Aurelius    on    life,    death,    diity,    faith,    prayer,    and    human 

brotherhood 3   1028-44 

Stoic  doctrines  in  relation  with   Christianity .    .35   141 14;  45   553 

Special  character  of  the  teachings  of   Augustine. . .    3  1015 

Augustine  on  the  Soul's  future  vision  of  God 3  1020 

Augustine's  <  City  of  God  >    a    plea    against    paganism    four   hundred 

years   after  Christ 44  129 

Dante's  <  Divine  Comedy  >  inspired  by  his   sense  of  the  wretchedness 

of  man  in  his  mortal  life 11  4344 

Absence  of  revolting  mediaeval  dogmas  from  the  mind  of   Dante.  .  .    11  4342 

Dante's  use  of    blind  faith  and  scholastic  reason 11  4557 

Carlyle  on  Dante's  conception  in  his  <Purgatorio> 8  3259-61 

Dante's  fixed  conviction  that  the  Papacy  should  be  purely  spiritual.  .11  4327 

Christianity  preached  anew  by  the  Franciscan  friars  15  5922 

Desportes's  early  French   translation    of  the   psalms,    and   volume   of 

Christian  prayers  and  meditations 42  142 

Victor  Hugo's  <  Notre  Dame  de  Paris  >  a  study  of  the  cathedral  of  the 

Middle  Ages  as  the  book  of    the  people 44  163 

Chateaubriand's  < The  Genius  of   Christianity* 45  343 

Emilia  Pardo-Bazdn's  Life  of  St.  Francis 28  11027 

The  Spanish  Las  Casas  as  an  ideal  Christian  figure 8  3335 

Quietism  as   developed  by  Molinos 44  330 

Wiedemann's  ^Ancient  Rel^ion  of  the  Egyptians* 45  413 

The  <  Hermetic  Books*   supposed  to  be  a  revelation  of  divine   myste- 
ries  44  117 

Large,  liberal,  and  tolerant  spirit  of  Josephus 44  294 

Johnson's  < Oriental  Religions:  India,  China,  and  Persia* 44  187 

Not  Vedic  words,  but  well-doing,  the  chief  thing 20  7957 

Essential  teaching  of  Buddha 20  7951 

Hindu  idea  of  the  nearness  of  God 20  7966 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxv 

The   Babylonian  penitential  hymns  indicate  a  high  development  of 

religious  consciousness i  57 

Hebrew  cosmogony  « borrowed   in   haste   from    Babylon  by   the   last 

compiler  of  the  Bible  »  (Darmesteter) 1 1  4382 

Hebrew  story  of  the  flood  taken  from  the  Babylonian i  56 

RationaUstic  notions  of  Maimonides 24  9593 

Essential  elements  of  the  appeal  of  Mohammed  to  his  countrymen .  2  2  8708-10 

<The  Shint5  Faith  in  Japan,>  by  L.  Hearn 18  7151 

Omar  Khayydm's  liberal  faith  in  eternal  goodness 21  8544 

Norse  story  of  creation 13  5119 

Caedmon's  <The  Glory- Father > 2  547 

Alcuin's  praise  of  knowledge  and  philosophy i  301,  302 

King  Alfred's  idea  of  king-craft    i  392 

King  Alfred  on  « the  everlasting  home  » i  395 

King  Alfred's  «  temporary  cottages  and  eternal  homes » i  396 

t  Where  to  Find  True  Joy,>  by  King  Alfred,  from  «Boethius» i  396 

King  Alfred  on  wordliness  and  riches i  398 

Von  Eschenbach's  <Parzival,>  covers  the  whole  circle  of  religion  and 

ethics 43  582 

Rationalist  conflict  of  Roscellin  with  the  Church i  19 

Modern  rationalism  founded  by  Abelard i  22,  27 

Scotus  Erigena's  denial  of  the  claim  of  authority  in   matters   of  reli- 
gious belief 43  487 

Roger  Bacon  on  Greek  culture,  not  less  important  to  us  than  Hebrew, 
and    on   Greek   teaching   and    life   in   some    respects   superior   to 

Christian 45  475 

A  parliament-of-reHgions  idea  acted  on  by  Alfonso  the  Wise i      385,  386 

«The  deepest  and  most  universal  science »  (Wagner) 38  15514 

«  The  deepest  problem  of  life  for  mankind  at  large  » 35  13787 

Thoreau's  idea  of  « unspotted  from  the  world, »  37   14875;  his  idea  of 

inspiration 37  14877 

Tolstoy's  gospel  of  the  meaning  of  life,  the  reading  of  its  riddles.  . . . 

3  7   14985,  14992 

Swinburne  on  children 36  14320,  14321,  14327 

Remarkable  example  of  child  influence 3  1024 

Tennyson's    lesson   <In   the    Children's    Hospital,*    36     14633-35;    his 
New   Year   of  the    Lord,    14619;   his    optimism    in   faith,    14617; 

his  trusting  humility 36  14615 

Amiel  on  the  child  ideal  of  simple  belief  in  goodness,  2  486;  his  crit- 
icism  of   « so-called   liberal  Christianity, >>    2    487;   some  religious 

faith  universal 2  491 

« Morals  are  the  work  of  woman »  (De  Tocqueville) 37  14969 

Serious  study  of  God  and  His  works,  the  noblest  form  of  worship.  . .  .3  108 1 

Buffon  on  «  Nature,  the  exterior  throne  of  God's  glory » 6  2692 

Ruskin's  <  Modern  Painters  >  as  a  text-book  of  observation  of  nature.  4  17 15 

A  parable  of  the  soul's  regeneration  in  Besant's  <The  Inner  House  \  4  1839 


Cdxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OP  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Preaching  and  Prayer,  Selden  on 33  13108 

The  right  use  of  prayer 11  4611 

Suggestions  from  Wordsworth, — «That  best  portion  of  a  good  man's 

life » 39  16201 

The  «  blessed  mood  »  of  revelation  of  «the  life  of  things  » 39  16201 

The  sense  of  nature  as  the  soul  of  moral  being 39  16203 

« Travel  on  life's  common  way  in  cheerful  godliness  >> 39  16215 

« Getting  and  spending  we  lay  waste  our  powers  >> 39  16221 

Significance  of  « the  meanest  flower  that  blows  » , 39  16228 

Disraeli's  suggestions  of  religious  faith 4   1653-56 

<<  'Tis  always  morning  somewhere  in  the  world  * 19  7643 

Whittier's  <  The  Eternal  Goodness  > 39  15927 

« The  Infinite  always  is  silent »  27  10864 

Two  views  of  poverty,   18  7 114  (see  7110) ;  Poverty:  Verses  on 40  16494 

« The  cross  without  the  crown  » 19  7470 

«  The  accents  of  genius,  their  echoes  still  weave  with  the  great  human 

voice,  till  their  thoughts  are  but  one  » 40  16387 

John  Burroughs  on  Patient  Waiting 7  2882 

Bryant  on  «  Truth  crushed  to  earth  » 6  2634 

Religious  meaning  of  the  Holy  Grail 19  7517 

The  Devil's  chapel  hard  by  God's  house  of  prayer 11  4484,  45 11 

Bryant  on  the  earth  as  the  great  tomb  of  man 6  2628 

Beaumont  on  the  tombs  in  Westminster 4  1686 

Death  Certain  to  All,  or  <  Fatality  >  (Arabic) 2  688 

Henry  M.  Alden's  spiritual  interpretation  of  death .-i    304-12 

Lowell  on  the  extraordinary  excellence   of  Donne's  <  Valediction  For- 
bidding Mourning  > 12  4772 

Heaven  portrayed  in  <The  Gates  Ajar>  as  an  earthly  Utopia 38  15623 

William  Occam,  an  English  scholastic  philosopher  who  contested  the 

right  of  the  Pope  to  secular  possessions  and  political  power 43  407 

John  Wyclif's  English  Bible  work,  the  first  and  greatest  new  depart- 
ure from  the  Latin  Church  of  the  Middle  Ages 39  16235,  16236 

Savonarola  as  a  prophet  of  new  departure  in  religion 38  15354 

Janssen's  Catholic  <  History  of  the  German  People  since  the  Close  of 

the   Middle  Ages  > 42  287 

Dr.  John  Dollinger's  departure  from  strict  Roman    Catholicism 42  149 

Bolanden,  German   author  of  novels  brilliantly  controverting  Protes- 
tant views   42  66 

Grounds  of  Gibbon's  conversion  to  Catholicism 16  6272 

Alarc6n's  ultramontane  tone  and  opposition  to  science i  263 

Quesnel's  great  <  History  of  the   Jesuits  > 43  448 

The  rise   of  the    Jesuits   in    Germany,    30  12083;    Macaulay    on    the 

Jesuits , 42  941 1 

The  papal  bull  against  Luther  drawn  up  by  Bernardo  Accolti  42  3 

Gerald  Groot  founds  (1400  A.  D.),  at  Deventer  in  Holland,  the  Brother- 
hood of  the  Common  Life;  in  sixty  years  its  nearly  one  hundred 

and  fifty  houses  a  power  for  progress  all  over  Europe 14  5510 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OP   INTEREST  cdxvii 

Seebohm's    <The    Oxford    Reformers:     John     Colet,     Erasmus,     and 

Thomas  More,>  a  story  of   new-departure  studies  in  1498 45       454 

Biblical  research,— Laurentius  Valla  the  man  who  first  brought  the 
modern  spirit  of  scholarly  criticism  to  bear  upon  it,  14  5510; 
Erasmus  his  successor  in  that  work 14  55ii.  55i4 

Preference  of  Erasmus  for  the  simple  teaching  of  Christ...  14  5519,  5520,  5532 

The  <  Colloquies  >  of  Erasmus,  a  hand-book  of   the  free  thought  and 

new-departure  ideas  of  his  time 44        126 

Evolution    of   Erasmus's   ideas  of   biblical  criticism  out  of  those  of 

Valla 1 4      5511 

Erasmus  on  the  theologasters  of  his  tim.e 14      553i 

Erasmus's  fundamental  idea,  progress  by  evolution  rather  than  revo- 
lution   1 4  5518,  5519 

Erasmus's  view  regarding  Luther 14      55i9 

«I  taught  literature,  which  before  me  was  almost  pagan,  to  speak  of 

Christ »  ( Erasmus) 14      552o 

« I  wish  there  could  be  an  end  of  scholastic  subtleties  and   Christ  be 

taught  plainly  and  simply  » 14      5532 

«Much  in  Luther's  teachings  which  I  dislike;  he  runs  everything 
which  he  touches   into  extravagance »  (Erasmus  to  Melanchthon, 

1524) M      5534 

Agnostic  anticipations  in  Montaigne's  essays 26    10239 

Comments   of   Montesquieu    on    varieties   of   religion,    26    10262;    his 

share  with  Voltaire  in  controversy  against  accredited  faith 26    10255 

Montesquieu  on  theological  disputes i  370 

D'Alembert  deserted  theology  for  science i  354 

Diderot's  conviction  as  to  the  .elements  of  Christianity 12     4691 

Swedenborg's   system    of  views   materially   departed  from   accredited 

orthodoxy 36    14237-43 

Latter  day  agnosticism  foreshadowed  in  the  speculations  of  Thomas 

Hobbes 18      7382 

Lessing's  complete  philosophy  of  religion,  in  <The    Education  of  the 

Human  Race  > 23     9008 

Lessing  on  < Heresy > 23     9018 

Lessing  on  <  The  Search  for  Truth  > 23     9018 

Lessing  on  < Love  of  Truth* 23  9017,  9018 

Lessing's  <  Nathan  the  Wise,*  a  study  of  toleration  between  Christian 

and  Jew 44        172 

Christ  came  to  « snatch  the  obsolete   primer   from  the  hands  of  the 

child »  (Lessing) 23      9019 

Spinoza's  Stoic  gospel  of  tbe  conduct  of  life 35    13788 

Spinoza  on  superstition  and  fear 35    13800 

Voltaire's  contrast  between  natural  and  conventional  religion,  38  15463 ; 

the   greater   miracles,    15480;   the  true   belief,    15481;  Idleness  of 

Controversy 38    15482 

Voltaire's  use  of  argument  against  atheism,    38    15453;  his  attitude 

towards  the  Bible  and  towards  Christ 38    15454 

Voltaire's  <  Epistle  to  Urania >  sets  forth  principles  of  natural  religion.  38  15450 
27 


cdxviii  OUTLINE  survey  of  the  principal 

Voltaire's   pleas   for   religious    toleration    in    <Henriade,>    ^Mahomet,* 

<  Alzire,*  and  <  Treatise  on  Toleration  > 38  15450,  15452,  15454 

Dr.  Isaac  Watts  not  in  accord  with  Puritanic  theology 38    15718 

John    Barnard,    one   of    the    earliest    New    England   dissenters   from 

Calvinism 42         43 

Broad  Church  principles  set  forth  against  narrow  Puritanism  by  Hooker, 

45  367;  broad  and  liberal  Church  views  of  Bishop  Burnet 45       360 

Selden  on  disputes  in  religion 33    13109 

Religious  persecution  a  greater  evil  than  any  other 6        2683 

Roger  Williams,  a  prophet  of  religious  freedom 43        577 

Infidelity,  in  the  sense  of  disbelief  in  revelation,  dates  from  the  philoso- 
phy of  the  thirteenth  century 3   1082,  1083 

The   Inquisition  and   Scholastic   Theology  employed    by  the   Church 

to   suppress  Rationalism 3        1082 

Revelation  of  Froissart's  history  as  to  religion  in  the  fourteenth  century,  i  5      6040 
Church  and  State  most  intimately  blended  in  the  early  Massachusetts 

system 18      7373 

The  rise  of  the  witchcraft  delusion  in   New   England  promoted  by  a 

theological  investigation 44       244 

Lord  Bacon  on  conditions  of  the  <  Study  of  Truth  > 3        1165 

Deist  controversy  in  England  in  the  eighteenth  century,  Leslie  Ste- 
phen  on 45       412 

Leslie  Stephen's  < An  Agnostic's  Apology  > 43       505 

Froude's  view  of  ecclesiasticism  as  having  been  profoundly  hostile  to 

morals,   i  5  6062 ;  his  *  Nemesis  of  Faith  > 43       494 

Huxley  on  facing  the  world  as  it  is,  without  pious  make-believe  to 

hide  its  uglier  features 19     7813 

Luther's  argument  for  the  burning  of  witches — «I  would  burn  all  of 

them,»  23  9341 ;  his  belief  in  a  personal  devil 23     9342 

Cicero's  <  Dream   of    Scipio>  the  final  and  most  hopeful  pagan  word 

of  faith  in  immortality 9        3684 

Bismarck's  idea  of  the  mo/al  necessity  of  faith  in  immortality 5        1941 

Ancient  Greek  ideas  of  transmigration 14      5471 

Maurice  Maeterlinck  following  Swedenborg,  Jakob  Boehme,  and  Ruys- 
broeck  in  uncompromising  mysticism,  24  9541;  his  spiritual  phi- 
losophy comprised   in  an  essay  on  <The  Inner  Beauty  >  (given  in 

full,  9552-61)  ' 24     9543 

Spinoza's  teachmg  characterized  by  pure  pantheism  35    13790 

Spiritual  teaching  of  Plato  adopted  by  the  early  Fathers 2  615 

Theological  libraries  called  by  J.  H.  Newman  «the  cemeteries  of 
ancient  faith, »  2  7  10601 ;   his  idea  of  the  unreal  use  of  religious 

words 27  10602 

Schiller's  departure  from  orthodoxy 23  9042 

Schiller's  <My  Creed  > 33  12905 

Schiller's  «  From  Sense  of  Religion  I  confess  none  of  all  those  creeds 

which  you  mention » 33  12905 

Semitic  prophetism  in  contrast  with  Greek  philosophy 3  108 1 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxix 

Benjamin  Franklin's  story  of  religious  experience  and  conviction   .15   5958-60 

Benjamin  Franklin's  religious  position  and  ideas 15   5934-37 

Cousin  on  Pascal's  skepticism 10  4083 

Religion  excluded   by  Cousin  from   the  University,  but  taught  in  the 

schools     10  4081 

Measurably  Christian  system  of  Cousin 10  4080 

Fichte's  departure   from    historical    Christianity   in   his   exposition   of 

religion 14  5676 

Voltaire's  science  of  unbelief  advocated  by  Madame  du  Deffand 11  4472 

«True  Blue  Presbyterian  Religion, »  Butler's  satire  on 7  2933 

A  study  of  unbelief  in  Paul  Heyse's  <  Children  of  the  World  > 44  172 

How  Heine's  skepticism  ended 1 8  7187 

Heine   on   not   opinions    only,    but   convictions,    required    to   build  a 

cathedral 18  7201 

Baudelaire's  rule  of  prayer 4  1632 

Moral  restraint  and  inspiration  alike  denied  by  Baudelaire 4    162 1,  1622 

Bossuet's  argument   to   show   that  all  events  must  be  ascribed  to  a 

Divine  Providence 5  2217 

Riickert's  <<  Solomon !  Babylon !  Gone  to  the  Wind  >^ 31  12469 

De  Vogiie,  a  leader  of  Neo-Christian  reaction  in    France  against  the 

paganism  of  the  masses 38  15439 

Germany's  weight  in  the  Franco-German  War  that  of  serious  religious 

motive,   26   15440;  Bismarck's  idea  to  the  same  effect 5  1943 

Bismarck's  « We  Germans  fear  God,  but  nothing  else» 5   1943,  1958 

De  Vogiie's  striking  picture  of  the  armed  hosts  of  Germany  conquer- 
ing   France    under   the    impulse    of   faith   expressed   by    Luther's 

grand  hymn .38   15439,  1544° 

Bentham's  «  God  bless  you, —  if  »    4  1775 

<  The  Better  Part,>  by  Matthew  Arnold 2  885 

SuUy-Prudhomme's    <  Justice*    and     < Happiness, >    elaborate     poetical 

studies  of  the  problems  of  life 36  14210 

George  Eliot  on  *God,   Immortality,   Duty  > 26  105 12 

«  Be  honest  truth  thy  guide  >> 19  7510 

Interest  in  religion  compared  with  interest  in  human  society 7  2780 

Religion  considered  as  duty  towards  mankind 10  3937 

Buckle  on  The  Essentials  of  Morals 6  2677 

The  relation  of  religion  to  civilization,  a  product,  not  a  cause 6  2675 

Lord    Bacon's   advice    touching  goodness  as  the  best  part  of  great- 
ness  3  1 196 

Anthony  Trollope's  ideal  in  the  character  of  Mr.  Harding 37  15034 

Thackeray  on  Napoleon  as  an  example  of  greatness 36  147 15 

Voltaire  on  true  greatness 38  1 5489 

New  Departure  :  Its  point  of  view    32  12865 

New  views,   and  the  new  way  of  looking  at  things 11  4599 

«Out  of  the  world  of  theology,  into  the  world  of  literature* 7  2912 

Bushnell  on  «  A  future  age  yet  to  be  revealed  » 7  2916 

Into  a  «  New  world  of  theological  thought »  with  Dr.  Horace  Bushnell .  7  2909 

Conception  of  new  departure  in  religion  by  Carlyle 45  403 


cdxx  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF    THE    PRINCIPAL 

The  story  of  new  departure  in  theologfy  in  the  eighteenth  century,  by 

Leslie   Stephen 45  412 

Carlyle's  «  The  Latest  Gospel » 8  3242 

Carlyle's  want  of  reverence  for  what  he  called  the  « Hebrew  old- 
clothes  » 8  3232,    3236 

Goethe's  solution  of  Carlyle's  problems 8  3234 

New  departure  conception  of  Christianity  preached  by  F.  W.  Robert- 
son   31    1 2305-07 

Professor  Robertson  Smith's  advanced  views  of  the  Bible  and  Bib- 
lical history 43  499 

The  critical  radicalism  of  Martineau  in  his   later  volumes 24  9760 

Religious  Liberalism  of   F.  D.  Maurice 25  9828 

The  story  of  the  hymn    <  Nearer  my  God  to  Thee  > i  145 

Huxley's  ideal   in   life 19  7813 

Max  Miiller's  conception  of  a  science  of  religion,  2  6  10427 ;   the  faith 

now   most  wanted 26  10428 

Charles  Kingsley's  « muscular  Christian  »  creed 22    8612,  8614 

Butler's  < Analogy  of  Religion, >  a  Bible  to  Patrick  Henry 39  16091 

The  Bible  idea  applied  in  Germany  to  the  works  of  Goethe 32  12876 

Extent  to  which  Goethe  and  Moliere  are  treated  as  inspired  author- 
ities     32  12876 

Eugene  Sue's  <The  Wandering  Jew,>  45  468;  M.  D.  Conway  on  The 
Wandering   Jew,  45     456;   legend   of  The  Wandering   Jew    told 

in  George  Croly's  <  Salathiel  the  Immortal  > 10  4198 

H.  W.  Beecher  on  perversion  of  the  gospel  from  a  spirit  of  human- 
ity into  a  system  of  doctrine 4  1731 

Butler's  arguments   on   the    analogfy    of   religion    with   the   course   of 

nature 44  294 

Symonds  on  Italian  art  in  its  relation  to  religion 36  14340 

Draper  on  the  conflict  between  religion  and  science 44  247 

Tennyson's  handling  of  religion 36  14586 

Swinburne's  defense  of  religion  against  theology  and   priestcraft 36  14291 

Mrs.  Dolly  Winthrop's  religion  in    <  Silas   Marner  > 45  550 

Max  Nordau's  criticism  of  religion  as   slavery  to  forms 44  263 

Eberhard's  <New  Apology  of   Socrates,  >  an  attack  upon  the   narrow 

theology  of  the  day 42  161 

Independent  and  secular  tone  towards  religion  in  the  Spanish  novels 

of  Gald6s,  and  others  of  the  same  school 15  6156 

Max  Miiller's  study  of  religion 26  10428 

Religions  regarded  as  transitory  stages  of  human   development 22  8954 

Renan's  conception  of  religion  under  all  the  religions 31  12153 

Final  restoration  of  all  souls  argued  by  Dr.  Edward  Beecher 44  247 

«We  remain  prisoners  for  life  in  the  religion  that  first  fashioned  our 

souls »  (fidouard  Rod)  31  12336 

Mosheim's  works  treating  ecclesiastical  history  as  a  matter  of  secu- 
lar causes  and  effects 4  3  393 

Milman's  <  History  of  the  Jews,>  according  to  secular  principles 43  384 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxxi 

Gasparin's  <  Christianity  and  Paganism  >  and  <  Liberal  Christianity  >..  4  2  209 

Madame  Craven's  stories  reflecting  Catholic  religious  feeling 10  4139 

D'Azeglio  on  the  priests  and  Jesuits  of  Rome 3  ii34-37 

D'Azeglio  on  devotion  favored  by  darkness 3  1 135 

D'Azeglio  on  religion  surviving  in  spite  of  its  professors 3  1137 

<  The  Conversion  of  the  Church  >  demanded  by  Desjardins 11  4598 

Works    by  Empdran,    a    Mexican   priest,    bitterly   attacking  Catholic 

Church 42  170 

Eberhard's  works  attacking   a  narrow  theolog>';   his   efforts  for  a  re- 
form movement  in  theology 42  i6i 

Frohschammer's  writings  in  support  of  New  Departure 4  2  203 

Edmond  Scherer's  radical  departure  at  Geneva  from  biblical  orthodoxy.  32  12866 
Greek  revolt  in  the  Italian  poet  Carducci  against  Semitic  traditions  in 

religion    8  3206-08 

Amiel  on  belief  and  unbelief 2  486 

Amiel  on  failure  to  understand  Jesus 2  481 

Theodore  Parker  on  mistakes  about  Jesus 28  1 1077 

Jesus  portrayed  as  a  socialistic  reformer  by  Esquiros 14  5556 

Darwin's  conclusion  in  regard  to  his  own  life 1 1  4393 

Dr.  Elisha  Mulford  on  the  Bible 26  10422 

Munger's  writings  expounding  a  broad  progressive  theology    43  397 

Movement  of  all  the    Protestant  sects  toward  the  Quaker  standpoint, 

in  Whittier's  gospel  of  «the  eternal  goodness* 39  15914 

The  enthusiasm  of  humanity  shown  in  the  writings  of  John  Watson 

(Ian  Maclaren) 38  1 5694 

Notably  liberal  religious  views  of  Goldwin  Smith 34  13540 

Bjornson's  <In  God's  Way,*  a  story  of  the  struggle  between  liberalism 

and  religious  bigotry 5  1 966 

Gomes  Leal's  Portuguese  poems  characterized  by  heterodoxy  in  religion .  4  2  224 
Dulk's  German  works  advocating   new  religious  evolution  apart  from 

Christianity 42  155 

Tolstoy's  interpretation  of  Christianity 37  14988 

Lamartine's  use  of  the  idea  of  God 22  8803 

Hartmann's  studies  of  philosophy  and  religion  42  251 

Forcible  and  earnest  treatment  of  religious  questions  by  Atterbom,  2 

933 ;  his  <  Swedish  Seers  and  Poets  > 2  934 

<  God's  War  >  by  Almquist i  446 

Danish  writings   of   Grundtvig  designed  to  promote  Christian  recon- 
struction   42  236 

The  Italian  poet  Aleardi's  conception  of  the  goodness  of  God i  351 

Rydberg's  Swedish  work  on  <The  Doctrines  of  Christ > 43  474 

Hans  Andersen's  story  of  the  <  Miserere  >  in  the  Sixtine  Chapel 2  537 

Hans  Andersen's  last  novel  <To  Be  or  Not  To  Be,>  reflecting  the  re- 
ligious speculations  of  his  later  years 2  502 

Keim's  works  representing  the  modern  critical  school  of  theology.  .  .  .42  299 
Straus's  <The   Old    Faith  and  the   New,>  <Life  of  Jesus,>  and  other 

works,  representing  extreme  critical  negation 35   14107-10 


Cdxxii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Renan's  dealing  with  the   question  of  the  origins  of  Christianity  in 

seven  successive  works .31  12154 

Arndt  turned  from  theology  to  history  and  literature,  and  for  twenty 
years  was  excluded  by  his  liberal  views  from  a  professorship  of 

history  at  Bonn 2  814 

Berthold  Auerbach  gave  up  the  synagogue  for  law,  philosophy,  and 

literature 3  g6i 

Auerbach's  study,  in  <  On  the  Heights,  >  of  self -atonement  for  moral 

failure 3  963 

Mr.  Lecky's  study  of  reason  as  superior  to  dogma 22  8930 

Inscription  on. Buckle's  grave 6  2674 

The  relation  of  inspiration  to  creative  genius 6  2382 

Ethical  ideal  for  the  nineteenth-century  man 44  53 

Schopenhauer's  view  of  Christianity  as  not  favorable  to  optimism    .  .  .33  12939 
«  Every  biography  is  the  history  of  suffering » (Schopenhauer),  33  12937 ; 

« the  crime  of  existence  >> 33  12935 

Pain  and  pleasure  as  sovereign  masters  of  mankind  ...    4  1776 

Hegel  on  the  nature  of  evil 18  7180 

Hegel  on  the  fall  of  man , 18  7182 

Galton's  conception  of  «  Original  Sin  » 15  6184 

Meaning  of  the  doctrine  of  the  Eucharist 2  895 

Origin  of  the  conception  of  Satan 44  21 

William  Cowper's  conception  of  salvation 10  4109 

S.   R.  Crockett's  adherence  to  the  stern  Old  Testament  creed  of  his 

fathers    10  '4181,  4182 

The  poet-painter  Blake's  faith  in  orthodox  fundamentals 5  2043 

Faber's  hymns  and  spiritual  songs 42  177 

W.   Bagehot  on  supernaturalism   and   superiority  to  reason,  the  roots 

of  the  power  of  all  religions  3  120S 

Amiel  on  the  place  of  supernaturalism  in  religion 2  487 

Mazzini  on  <  Faith  and  the  Future  > 25  9845 

Goethe  on  the  only  true  ideal  of  freedom 16  6386 

«  There  is  no  art  which  is  not  sacred  » 18  7389 

Montesquieu  on  the  true  nature  of  benevolence 26  10261 

Burns's  counsel  of  charity 7  2840 

How  the  Indian  monarch  refused  to  enter  Paradise  without  his  faith- 
ful dog 2  830-832 

«Almost  terrifying  statement  of  Darwin's  thoughts  on  religion  » 11  4390 

Darwin's  «I   have   often   and   often   regretted  that   I   have  not  done 

more  direct  good  to  my  fellow-creatures  » 11  4393 

The  propagation  of  Christianity  « has  never  been  wholly  explained  by 

the  reasoning  of  history  »  (Brunetiere  on  Renan) 31  121 58 

«Life  has  no  meaning  except  for  such  as  believe  and  love,'>  the  con- 
clusion of  a  French  pessimist 31  12337 

Rod's  <  Moral  Ideals  of  the  Present  Time,*  a  study  of  notable  recent 

writers ; 31  12337 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxxiii 

Oehlenschlager's  <The  Life  of  Christ  Annually  Repeated  in  Nature  >.  2  7    10747 

«  The  Galilean  had  recast  the  minds  of  men  » 16     6639 

Jowett's   idea  of  what  the  life  of  Christ  should  be, — «A  History  of 

Truths,»  «Of  the  Mind  and  Thoughts  of  Christ » 45       449 

Mrs.  Linton's  <  Joshua  Davidson >  (or  Jesus  David's  Son),  « Christian 

and  Communist* 4  4       288 

Zeller's  <Story  of  the  Apostles> 43        595 

G.  W.  Curtis  on  the  suggestions  of  Nazareth 10     4226 

Longfellow  on  the  cathedral  as  a  « mediaeval  miracle  of  song» 23   9186-87 

Longfellow's  « fiends  and  dragons  watch  the  dead  Christ  between  the 

living  thieves  >> 23      9187 

Defoe's  ^Robinson  Crusoe  >  a  study  of  the  conflict  of  man  with  nature 

and  circumstance 11      4482 

<The  Moral  Influence  of  Art> 5        2060 

The   Italian  theological   poet,  Palearius,  <On  the  Immortality  of   the 

Soul,>  one  of  the  finest  Latin  poems  of  the  sixteenth  century  ...  .43       413 
Wigglesworth's  grim  poem  on  eternal  punishments,  their  nature  and 

variety 44       237 

Bigelow's  story  of  the  «  Quietism  »  of  the  Spanish  priest  Molinos 44       330 

Maeterlinck's  <The  Treasure  of  the  Humble, >  essays  of  appeal  to  the 

Divine  in  us 44       331 

Thomas  Paine's^The  Age  of  Reason, > — a  destructive  critical  inquiry, 

not  wholly  negative    44       328 

Draper's  < History  of  the  Conflict  between  Religion  and  Science' 44       247 

New-departure  interest  of  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward's  < Robert  Elsmere^.  .45       459 
<John  Ward,  Preacher,  >  a  study  of  logical  Presbyterian  Calvinism     ..44        198 

R.  H.  Hutton's  <Essays,>  important  religious  and  literary  studies 44  74 

Coverdale's  Bible  the  first  complete  printed  English  Bible 44        262 

<The  Polychrome  Bible,  >  an  attempt  to  show  to  the  eye  the  composite 

character  of  parts  of  the  Bible 44  3 

Cowper's  '  Apocryphal  Gospels  >  a  collection  of  legendary  fictions  and 

fragments  of  story  about  Christ 44        295 

Lightf Oct's  <The  Apostolic  Fathers,  >  an  account  of  the  twelve  writ- 
ings which  come  next  after  those  embodield  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment  44       295 

<The  Christian  Fathers  >  (24  vols. ),  edited  by  Roberts  and  Donaldson, 

works  o^the  leading  Christian  authors  of  the  first  three  centuries.  .44  79 

<  Recent   Research   in    Brble   Lands,  >  edited   by   Hilprecht,  new  light 

on  Abraham's  time     44        189 

Tomkins's  <  Studies  on  the  Life  and  Times  of  Abraham  > 44       294 

Smythe    Palmer's     Babylonian    Influence   on    the    Bible   and    Popular 

Beliefs  ^ 44         21 

<Nippur,>  by  J.  P  Peters,  a  most  remarkable  story  of  Babylonian 
exploration  and  discovery,  44  20;  revelation  of  *^  close  connection 

between  Babylonian  and  Hebrew  civilization  >> 44         21 

Mohammedanism  an  attempt  to  rehabilitate  the  human i  18 

Laboulaye's  <Abdallah,>  a  study  of  the  better  aspects  of  the  Koran's 

morality a  2      8748 


cdxxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

The  Koran  said  to  be  the  most  widely  read  book  in  the  world;  the 
text-book  in  all  Mohammedan  schools;  Moslems  know  large  parts 

of  it  by  heart 22      8707 

Stephens  on  Christianity  and  Islam;  the  Bible  and  the  Koran 44       293 

< The  Book  of  Mormon/  its  character  and  origin 44         11 

SACRED    BOOKS    OF    THE    WORLD 

The  New   Testament;  its   literary  grandeur 27  10565-96 

The  Old  Testament  and  the  Jewish  Apocrypha 27  10775-818 

The  Talmud,  regarded  by  orthodox  Jews  as  authoritative,  36    14460; 

two  forms  of  the  Talmud,  the  Babylonian  and   the    Palestinian..  .44        22 

Babylonian.  — Cosmogonic  and  other  mythical  poems,  recounting  the 
Creation,  the  Deluge,  and  other  facts  of  earhest  human  history, 
I  52-57;  hymns  to  the  gods,  and  penitential  psalms,  character- 
ized by  sublimity  and  depth  of  feeling,  as  in  the  Hebrew  Psalms, 
57;  proverbs,  chronicles,  annals,  and  inscriptions  covering  the 
period  3000-539  B.C.,  58;  civilization  first  established  in  Baby- 
lonia,  60;  examples  of  the  different  writings i      61-83 

Egyptian. — <The  Book  of  the    Dead,*  a    Guide   to   the   Other  World, 

parts  of  it  perhaps  as   old  as  B.  C.  4500 13  5229-30 

India.  —  The  Four  Vedas, —  A  Book  of  Hymns,  A  Book  of  Sacra- 
ment, A  Book  of  Sacrifice,  and  A  Book  of  Later  Hymns  and 
Thoughts,  20  7905-13;  the  <  Brahmanas,>  priestly  Commentaries 
on  the  Vedas;  and  the  <Upanishads,>  books  of  philosophy,  7913-17; 
six  systems  of  philosophy,  based  on  the  <  Upanishads,*  20  7922. 
See  also 45    414-18 

Buddhist,  dating  from  the  sixth  century  B.  C,  three  Pitakas  (or 
Baskets),  Traditional  Collections  of  the  History,  and  the  Rules  for 
Buddhist  monks ;  the  Discourses  or  Sermons  setting  forth  Buddha's 
teaching;  and  Discussions  of  ethics  and  philosophy.  .  .20  7917-20;  45  418-19 

A  Jain  Scripture  representing  the  teaching  of  Mahavira,  of  the  same 

period  in  India  as    Buddha 20      7920 

Zoroastrian,  the  Zend-Avesta,  containing  the  only  surviving  portions 
of  the  Sacred  Books  of  the  most  ancient  Persian  religion,  45  418; 
the  story  of  the  Avesta  and  examples  from  it 3   1084-99 

China. —  The  <  Five  Classics  >  collected  by  Confucius — the  <Yi  King,* 
or  Book  of  Changes;  the  <Shih  King,>  or  Book  of  Odes,  305  old 
ballads;  the  ^  Shu  King,*  or  Book  of  History,  records  collected 
and  edited  by  Confucius ;  the  <  Ch'un  ch'iu  *  or  Spring  and  Au- 
tumn Annals,  the  only  original  work  of  Confucius ;  the  <  Book  of 
Rites,*  a  work  devoted  to  rules  of  ceremony  and  of  behavior,  a 
most  particular  code  of  manners.  And  of  equal  canonical  author- 
ity with  the  Five  Classics  the  <Four  Books,*  recording  sayings  of 
Confucius,  in  three  of  the  books,  and  the  development  of  his  sys- 
tem by  Mencius  in  the  fourth 9    3629-36;  45  419-20 

A  second  Chinese  Scripture,  the  <Taot6  King*  or  the  Book  of  Rea- 
son and  Virtue,  a  work  of  high  ethical  character,  the  doctrine  of 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxxv 

which  as  to  death  was  very  soon  debased  into  a  vulgar  system  of 

Magic  as  a  means   of   Immortality 9  3637 ;  45  420 

Greece.— Homer's  Iliad  and  Odyssey,  known  to  the  people  by 
hearing  them  intoned  or  chanted  in  public  recitation,  to  slight 
musical  accompaniment,  and  for  twelve  hundred  years  commonly 
accepted  as  a  Bible  of  things  celestial  and  of  human  duty  to  the 
gods,   19  7551 ;   examples  from  the  poems 19  7562-78 

Roman  or  Latin. —  Virgil's  .lEneid,  into  which  he  brought  with  the 
utmost  pious  care  the  whole  Grseco-Roman  system  of  faith  and 
the  best  thoughts  of  writers  before  him,  became  a  Bible  to  the 
later  Latin  ages  including  our  own  Middle  Ages,  38  15419-24; 
45  474;  his  <The  Vision  of  the  Future,  >  a  notably  prophetic 
utterance 38   15434-38 

Mohammedan.— The  Koran  of  Mohammed,  2    668;  examples  from  it. 

■ 2    690,  696 ;  4  5  420 


SATIRES 

Unbridled  license  of  direct    personal   satire  and    invective,  the    chief 

characteristic  of  older  Greek  comedy  represented  by  Aristophanes .  2  759 

The  earhest  Latin  satires  those  of  Lucilius 4  3       352 

The   satires  of   Horace  touch   on  life    in   Rome   during  the   last  ten 

years  of  the  Civil  War 19      7624 

Of  the  <Book  of  Satires, >  by  Petronious,  only  a  small  part  remain.  29  11385-88 
Six  satires  of  Persius  written  under  the  worst  of  the  early  Caesars  .    29    11343 

The  satires  of  Juvenal  picture  the  darkest  side  of  Roman  life 21   8411-19 

Apuleius,  a  famous  Latin  satirist 2  597 ;  4  2  21 

Wither 's  <  Abuses  Stript  and  Whipt,>  a  satire  on  society  under  James 

1 39    16123 

Pope's  satires  in     Imitations  of  Horace  * 30    11717 

Jonathan  Swift's  <  Gulliver's  Travels,  >  the  most  painful  satire  on  hu- 
man nature  ever  given  to  the  world  36    14264 

Thackeray's  genius  combined  the  artist  and  the  satirist 36    14665 

Importance  and  interest  of  the  seven    satires   of  Ariosto,  written   in 

1517-31 2  742 

Parini's  satires  on  the  corruption  of  the  times  in  Italy 28    1 1043 

Giusti's  satires  aimed  at  the  indifference  and  immorality  of  the  times; 

their  political  and  moral  influence 16  6355-56 

Regnier's  French  satires  in  imitation  of  the  Latin 43       454 

Racine's  <The  Pleaders*  a  satire  on  legal   procedure 30    12028 

La  Bruyere's  on  French  life  and  custom  in  his  <  Characters  * 22  8760-66 

Daudet's  <  Th5  ImmortaP  a  satire  on  the  French  Academy 44       182 

Quevedo  y  Villegas,  eminent  Spanish  author  of  satires 43       448 

Notable  Russian  satires,  by  Saltykov 43  478,  504 


Cdxxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

SCIENCE   AND   PHILOSOPHY 

The  contributions  of  Aristotle  to  science 2  792 

iElianus's  <On  the  Nature  of  Animals, >  a  popular  standard   book  for 

several  hundred  years i  172 

Strabo's    < Geography*    an    encyclopaedia    of    knowledge    of    Europe, 

Asia,  and  Africa,  about  the  time  of  Christ 44         74 

Roger  Bacon's  <Opus  Majus,*  1267  A.  D.,  a  great  initiation  of  modern 

advance 45       475 

A  mediaeval   Academy   of  Sciences  created  by  Alfonso  at  Toledo, — 

Roger  Bacon's  idea  carried  out i  385 

Giordano  Bruno  eagerly  espoused  the  system  of  Copernicus  ten  years 

before  Bacon's  birth   6        2613 

Lord  Bacon's  < Novum  Organum,>  45  447;  <  Advancement  of  Learning). 4 5       475 
Two  magnificent  ideas  of  Lord  Bacon,  the  utility  of  science,  and  the 

universality  of  human  progress 3        1168 

Unanimous  verdict  against  Lord  Bacon  as  a  teacher  of  science 3        i  r66 

Recent  discoveries  in  physical  science  anticipated  by  Swedenborg  .36    14239 

Montesquieu's  opinion  of  the  value  of  physical  science i  357 

Lamarck's  suggestion  of  a  theory  of  the  origin  of  species  as  a  result 

of  the  action  of  natural  conditions 10     4253 

Cuvier's  study  of  the  structure  and  classification  of  animals 10   4251-53 

Buffon's  <  Natural  History, >  a  great  work  based  on  new-departure  ob- 
servation, experiment,  and  reason,  4  4  73 ;  first  brought  the  sub- 
ject  into  popular  literature 6        2690 

Arago's   biographical   sketches  of  eminent  scientists,  masterpieces  of 

style,  and  of  scientific  ex;^osition 2  707 

Darwin's  great  works ;  the  history  of  their  production,  1 1  4389,  4397 ; 
his  masterly  study  of  nature  in  many  fields,  in  support  of  evolu- 
tion      II  4385-93 

Herbert  Spencer's  execution  of  a  great  series  of  works  in  exposition 

and  application  of  Evolution  principles .35   13707-27 

Forty  years  of  Huxley's  active  production  of  results  of  scientific  re- 
search; his  eminence  in  popular  exposition,  and  in  scientific  criti- 
cism   19     7808 

Tyndall's  long  and  brilliant  leadership  in  English  scientific  advance. 3 7    15 141 

Sir  W.  Thomson's  supreme  distinction  in  <  Modern  Physics  > 43        524 

Franklin's  experiments  with  electricity,  and  famous  researches 15      5927 

Faraday's  famous  <  Experimental  Researches  in  Electricity  > 44       128 

Agassiz's  immense  service  to  science  at  Harvard  University i    209-13 

Leibnitz,  an  eminent  German  scholar  and  thinker,  the  greatest  man 

of  his  time  in  every  branch  of  knowledge 43       333 

Haeckel,  the  foremost  of  German  naturalists 17     6781 

Free  trade  advocated  by  Defoe 11     4481 

Adam  Smith's  <  An  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  and  Causes  of  the  Wealth 
of  Nations,  > — a  study  of  the  value  to  mankind  of  universal  free 
trade 34  13521-23 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxxvii 

Bagehot's     Economic  and  Political  Studies,    of  very  notable  value... 3  1207 

Galton's  <  Meteorograpliica,>  a  notable  early  weather  study 15  6175 

The  relation  of  humanity  to  climate,  J.  W.  Draper  on 12  4865 

See  Buckle,  6  2675. 

Youmans's  <  Culture  Demanded  by  Modern  Life  > 44  76 

Giordano  Bruno's  idea  of  mind  in  animals  and  in  plants 6  261 5 

Cupples's  study  of  dogs  as  agents  of  early  civilization 10  4210 

Hospitals ;  establishment  of,  in  the  Middle  Ages 30  12051 

Charity;  general  character  of,  in  the  Middle  Ages 30  12050 

Medical  science  during  the  Mi4dle  Ages 30  12052-57 

Charles  Blanc's  experience  of  telepathy.  .  .  : 5  2052 

The  philosopher  Kant's  mental  control  of  his  sensitive  physical  health.  21  8481 

Doctor  John  Arbuthnot,  a  famous  literary  physician 2  722 

Great  medical  work,  the  <  Kanun,>  by  Ibn  Sina 19  7835 

Du  Bois-Reymond  on  animal  magnetism,  and  magnetism  in  fishes.  .42  153 

Kerner's  study  of  animal  magnetism  in  <The  Seeress  of  Prevorst>.    .43  302 

J.  P.  MahaflFy  on  genius  as  not  an  affair  of  heredity 34  13647 

Beasts  with  the  attributes  of  human  beings i  202 

<A  Tribute  to  Tobacco,>  by  Bodmer 5  2132 

Extensive  collection  of  Anglo-Saxon   laws   showing  early  superiority 

on  English  ground 2  554 

Dr.  Franklin's  theory  of  right  and  wrong.  .    15  5962 

Jeremy  Bentham,  a  champion   of  utilitarianism,   4  1773 ;  J.  S.  Mill  on 

utilitarianism 25  10012 

O.  A.  Brownson's  accouijt  of  <  Saint-Simonism  > 6  2595-602 

The  effect  of  the  Crusades  upon  European  culture 2  894 

Sachs's  popularly  interesting  <  History  of  Botany, >  and  great  work  on 

< The  Physiology  of  Plants > 44  211 

Erasmus  Darwin's   curiously  and  historically  interesting  poem,  <The 

Botanic  Garden* 44  210 

Darwin's  epoch-making  <  Origin  of  Species  >   11  4397 

Darwin's  < Descent  of  Man  and  Selection  in  Relation  to  Sex > 44  9 

Ibsen's  <  Ghosts,*  a  dramatic  study  of  heredity 44  313 

Wallace's  < Contributions  to  the  Theory  of  Natural  Selection* 44  10 

Haeckel's  <  Natural  History  of  Creation  * 44  176 

Cazelles's  <  Outline  of  Evolution-Philosophy  > 44  176 

Fiske's  <  Outlines  of  Cosmic  Philosophy,  4  4  i ;  <  The  Destiny  of  Man, 

Viewed  in  the  Light  of  His  Origin  > 44  10 

Marsh's  <Man   and   Nature,'  a  study  of  man's  work  in  changing  the 

condition  of  the  earth 44  325 

Tylor's  < Early  History  of  Mankind  >  and  < Primitive  Culture* 44  10 

Figuier's  <  Primitive  Man  * 45  477 

Tylor's  <  Anthropology,*  a  study  of  man  and  civilization  44  176 

Maudsley's  <Body  and  Mind,*  a  notable  study  of  science  facts 44  194 

Galton's  <  Hereditary  Genius*  and  <  English  Men  of  Science* 44  195 

Lavater's  *■  Physiognomy,*  a  broad  and  profound  study 45  421 

Michelet's  <The  Bird,*  a  romance  of  natural  history 44  157 

Suggestive  popular  science  in  Cooke's  'The  New  Chemistry* 44  247 


cdxxviii  outline  survey  of  the  principal 

Buckland's  entertaining  science  lessons  in  <  Log-Book  of  a  Fisher- 
man and  Zoologist > 44       318 

Whewell's  works  on  the  <  History  and  the  Philosophy  of  the  Inductive 

Sciences  ^ 44       247 

A  notable  influence  in  Jefiferson's  life,  his  intense  interest  in  every- 
thing scientific  ...21        8234 

Ptolemy's     <The     Almagest,  >    a    great    work    on    astronomy    dating 

about  150  A.  D 44  175 

Laplace's  < Mechanism  of  the  Heavens > ^ 44  175 

Lockyer's  < The  Dawn  of  Astronomy > 43  347 

Copernicus's  new  theory  of  the  universe  published  in  1 543 10  4042 

Luther  condemned   the  theory   of    Copernicus  that  the  earth   is  not 

the  centre  of  the  universe 10  4043 

Nicholas  of  Cues,  the  Cardinal  de  Cusa,  the  forerunner  of  Copernicus 

in  teaching  the  New  Astronomy 14  5510 

Kepler's  famous  studies  and  epoch-making  writings 43  301 

History  of  the  principal  astronomical  discoveries  of  Laplace  and  his 

predecessors 2    708-22 

ZoUner,  a  German  astronomer  and  physicist  of  distinction  at  Leipsic.43  598 
Littrow,   an    Austrian   astronomical   popular    lecturer,    and  author  of 

popular  astronomical  works 43  345 

Hind's  important  contributions  to  astronomical  science 42  265 

Ball's  < Story  of  the  Heavens, >  and  other  popular  astronomical  works. 44  336 


Philosophy. —  Heraclitus,  the  most  original  of  the  pre-Socratic  Greek 

philosophers 18      7247 

Aristotle: — Translation  of  and  commentary  on,  by  Boetius,  5  2134; 
Alexander  of  Hales  the  first  schoolman  who  studied  his  works  in 
the  Arabic  commentators,  42  12;  and  attempted  to  base  Christian 
theology  on  them   5        2169 

Aristotle  in  English.  —  <  The  Parts  of  Animals*;  < History  of  Ani- 
mals*; <On  Youth  and  Old  Age:  Life  and  Death  and  Respira- 
tion * ;  <  Politics  >  and  <  Constitution  of  Athens  * ;  *■  Nicomachean 
Ethics  > ;  <  Rhetoric  >  and   <  Poetics  > 44  332-34 

Aristotle :  brilliant  commentary  on  by  Saint-Hilaire 42         45 

Aristotelianism :  its  influence  on  Mohammed's  Jheology i  18 

Plato  ranks  as  the  first  of  philosophers,  and  in  the  literature  of  power 

with  the  Bibles  and  supreme  poets  of  the  world 29    11 519 

Plato's  <The  Banquet,*  44    334;  Xenophon's  <The   Banquet* 44       335 

♦The  Morals  of  Epictetus*   our  only  record   of  the   doctrines   of   the 

greatest  of  the  Stoic  philosophers 44       190 

Kant,  as  an  original   thinker,  the  only  modem   philosopher  who  can 

be  put  beside  Plato  and  Aristotle 21      8477 

Fichte's  production  of  one  of  the  world's  greatest  systems  of  reflec- 
tive thinking,  an   extension  of   Kant's   teachings,  and   perfection 
of  the  results  of  Kantian  thought 14   5673-75 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdxxix 

Stirling's  <  Text-Book  to  Kant  > 44         336 

Mahafify  and  Bernard's  <  Kant's  Critical  Philosophy  for  English  Read- 
ers > 44         330 

Schelling's  great  work  in  philosophy,  his  study  of   Kant,  Fichte,  and 

Spinoza 18   7165,  7166 

Hegel's  system  of  philosophy  following  Kant,  Fichte,  and  Schelling.    18      7167 

Stirhng's  <  The  Secret  of  Hegel  > 44       336 

Schopenhauer's  « unique  distinction  among  the   great  philosophers  of 

the  modern  world  '> 33    12923 

Schopenhauer's  opinion  of  the   preeminence  of  Kant,  Plato,  and  the 

Hindu  Upanishads 33    12928 

Bayle's  <  Historical   and   Critical    Dictionary  >    a   masterpiece    of   new 

knowledge  and  free  thought 44        126 

Materialism :  Hobbes's  <  Human  Nature  >  developed  a  materialistic  con- 
ception of  the  origin  of  mind,    i  8  7382 ;  also  made  selfishness  the 

motive  power  of  human  conduct 18      7382 

Spinoza:  Auerbach's  study  of,  and  translation  of  the  works  of .  ^  ...  .42         29 

Philosophy,  an  ideal  of,  by  Thomas  Hill  Green 17     6685 

Emerson,  the  most  individual  thinker  since  Shakespeare 45        555 

SOCIALISM   AND   SOCIALISTS 

Heraclitus,  the  father  of  socialism 18  7248 

Jesus  portrayed  as  a  socialistic  reformer  in   Esquiros's  <  Evangel  of 

the  People  > 14  5556 

Petronius  on  laws  useless  against  Queen  Money 29  11 391 

Plautus  on  the  wretchedness  of  poverty 29  11571 

Greek  use  of  dancing  in  the  spirit  of  art 37  15172,  15173 

French. —  Diderot's  use  of  the  social  idea  in  combating  the  Church.  .26  10336 

Rousseau's  <  The  Social  Contract  > 44  330 

Proudhon's  writings  in  support  of  extreme  economic  revolution 43  442 

Irresistible  character  of  public  opinion  in  the  age  following  that  of 

Louis  XIV 38  15449 

Negro  slavery  abolished  in  the  French  colonies  through  the  efforts  of 

Arago 42  22 

Social  conditions  in   France  compared  with  American  in   Laboulaye's 

<  Paris  in  America  > 45  526 

Rey baud's  stories  of  modern  socialists 43  456 

Eugene  Sue's  <  Mysteries  of  Paris  >  and  <  Wandering  Jew  >  written  un- 
der the  influence  of  socialistic  sympathies 35  14 182 

German. —  Ferdinand   Lassalle's   work  as  founder  of  the  German  So- 
cial Democracy 43  328 

Liebknecht,  a  notable   German   socialist   leader,  of   the  social  demo- 
cratic party,  author  of  social  studies  of  importance 43  342 

Karl  Marx's  great  work  <  Capital,  >  43  371;  his  progfram  of  interna- 
tional socialism 44  12 

Fritz  Renter,  emphatically  the  novelist  of  the  proletariat 31  12195 

Hauptmann,  a  German  dramatist  of  markedly  socialistic  tendency.    .17  7025 

* 


Cdxxx  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Rodbertus,  a  German  economist,  author  of  the  theory  that  commodities 

cost  nothing  but  labor ;  regarded  as  the  founder  of  scientific  socialism.  4  3  463 
Max  Nordau's  <  Conventional  Lies  of  Our  Civilization,*  a  study  of  social 

pathology 44        262 

A  study  of  German  social  conditions  in   Spielhagen's  *  Hammer  and 

Anvil  > 44       303 

Wilhelm  Jordan's  German  stories  seeking  to  promote  a  higher  social 

state 42       293 

Max  Kretzer's  novels  devoted  to  socialism   43       315 

Ida  von  Diiringsfeld's  *The  Wedding  Book:  Usages  and  Beliefs  Re- 
garding the  Wedding  among  the  Christian  Nations  of  Europe \  .42  158 
Bjornson's    <  Flags   Are   Flying  >   or  <The    Heritage  of  the   Kurts,>    a 

study  of  the  influence  of  heredity 5         1966 

Bjornson's  series  of  plays  dealing  with  social  problems 5        1964 

Remarkably  effective  and  influential  social  dramas  of  Ibsen 20  7844-47 

Socialistic  sympathies   shown   by  the   novels,  articles,  and  pamphlets 

of  Almqiyst i  439,  440 

Hungarian. —  The  problem  of  marriage  dealt  with  by  the  Hungarian 

novelist  Abranyi 42  3 

Intense  sympathy  of  the  Queen  of  Roumania  with  the  toiling  poor   . 

36   14330,  14333 

Polish. —  Sienkiewicz's   < Children  of  the  Soil*  throws  light  on  social 

questions 4  4        146 

Dutch. —  Strongly  effective  efforts  for  social  reform  of  the  Dutch  author 

Dekker    11  4513-15 

English. —  Half-way  socialism  of  Charles  Kingsley 22  8612 

Humanist  and  socialistic  tendencies  of  J.  S.  Mill 25   looio,  10012,  10014 

Mallock  on  social  equality  as  a  subversion  of  the  order  of  nature.  .  .   45  553 

Carlyle's  sympathy  with  socialism 8  3239 

William  Morris's  <  Socialism,  its  Growth  and  Outcome  > 26  10341 

Works  by  H.  M.  Hyndman  dealing  with  socialism  from   an   English 

point  of  view 42  281 

Frances  Power  Cobbe's  studies  in  ethical  and  social   subjects 44  76 

Henry  James's  study  in  fiction  of  socialistic  questions 45  435 

What  the  State  owes  to  every  citizen 26  10261 

Land  as  the  source  of  all  value,  the  theory  of  Quesnay,  Dupont,  and 

Henry  George 42   i57;  43  447 

Spencer's  <  Social  Statics  >  and  <  Principles  of  Sociology  > 35   13709,  137 15 

Ruskin's  books  criticizing  social  conditions  in  England 32  12514 

Lecky's  study  of  socialism  in  his  <  Democracy  and  Liberty  > 44  5 

Mrs.  Browning's  <  Aurora  Leigh, >  a  study  of  various  social  theories.  .44  300 
Charles  Reade's  <Hard  Cash,>  a  study  of  the  abuses  of  private  insane 

asylums  in  England 44  267 

Reade's   <Put  Yourself  in   His  Place,  >  a  stern  study  of  social  prob- 
lems   44  135 

Charles  Kingsley's  <  Yeast  >  and  <  Alton  Locke, >  very  effective  socialistic 

appeals 4  4  328 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdxxxi 

Besant's  <  All  Sorts  and  Conditions  of  Men,>  a  study  of  social  improve- 
ment which   led  to  the  creation  of   the   People's   Pafkce  of   East 

London 4  4  274 

Booth's  < In  Darkest  England  and  the  Way  Out > 44  7 

Jevons's  <  Methods  of  Social  Reform  > 44  325 

Libraries  regarded  by  Jevons  as  the  best  sort  of  public  investments  .44  325 

Mrs.  Woods's  <Metzerott,  Shoemaker, >  a  striking  socialistic  story  ...    44  144 

<  Human  Intercourse,*  essays  on  social  relationships 44  330 

American. —  Sumner's  contributions  to  social  science 43  511 

Swinton's  study  of  social  and  labor  questions 43  512 

Study  of  practical    problems   in  Octave   Thanet's    <  Stories   of  Capital 

and  Labor  > 3  7  i4734 

Slavery  under  Spanish  conquest  in  America ; 45  558 

Henry  Clay  on  American  slavery 9  3769 

Horace  Greeley's  political  history  of  slavery 45  454 

Character  of  slavery  depicted  in  < Uncle  Tom's  Cabin* . .  45  518 

Olmsted's  picture   of  slave  State   scenes  in  the  United  States  before 

the  Civil  War 44  246 

The  same  author's  later  work  on  «  Cotton  and  Slavery  » 44  245 

<The  Bread-Winners,*  a  social  study  of  labor  in  modem  life 44  212 

Henry   George's  <Progfress  and   Poverty,*  a   single-tax   hand-book   of 

social  reform 44  3 

Bellamy's  'Looking  Backward*  a  dream  of  imaginary  social  changes. 44  196 
Ely's  <  French  and  German    Socialism   in  Modern    Times,* — the  story 
of  communism  and  socialism  in  its  two  great  strongholds,  France 

and  Germany 44  324 


SPIRITISM  OR  SPIRITUALISM 

Socrates  would  remain  as   if   in   a    trance    for   hours,    34    13631;    his 

Platonism  developed  by  the  Stoics  into  Spiritism 23  9289 

Jean  Paul's  prayer  to  his  grandfather  from  belief  that  this  world  is 

penetrated,  ruled,  and  animated  by  miracles  and  spirits 31  12247 

Puritan  knowledge  and  opinion  of  spiritualism 44  244 

The  celebrated  Bentham's  belief  in  ghosts 4  1779 

The  English  poet  Blake's  confidence  in  spiritism    5  2043 

Catherine  Crowe,  an  ardent  devotee  of  spiritualism 42  125 

Studies  in  spiritism  by  Mrs.  Oliphant 27  10822 

Alfred  Russel  Wallace  a  stanch  believer  in  spiritualism 38  15519 

Studies  of  spiritism  by  Olympe  Audouard 42  29 

W.  D.  Howells's  study  of  spiritualism  in  < An  Undiscovered  Country*. 44  291 

George  M.  Beard's  special  studies  of  spiritism  42  48 

Spiritism  as  a  universal  development  in   early  culture  discussed  by 

Tylor 44  II 

Ernest  Hart's  <  Hypnotism,  Mesmerism,  and  the  New  Witchcraft  *...  4  4  195 

Conway's  <  Demonology  and  Devil-Lore  * 45  359 


Cdxxxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OP   THE    PRINCIPAL 

TRAVELS,   EXPLORATIONS,  ADVENTURES, 


• 


AND   DISCOVERIES 


«The  Far  West,»  in  Spain 17     6874 

Strabo's  Geogfraphy  based  on  travels  in  Europe,  Asia  Minor,  and  Africa. 4 4         74 

Tacitus's<Germania,^  a  report  of  observations  of  travel  in  ancient  Ger- 
many   44         93 

Sir  John   Mandeville's  famous   book  of  Travels  claimed  to  have  been 

made '. 43  365;  45  467 

Wappseus's  <  Researches  on  the  Geographical  Discoveries  of  the  Portu- 

gfuese  Under  Henry  the  Navigator  > 43        560 

Harrisse's   account   of   John    Cabot's   original  voyage    of  discovery  of 

North  America 45       374 

Weise's  account   of  Voyages  of  Discovery  of  America    in   the   period 

1492-1525   45       351 

Hakluyt's  great  works  on  the  Voyages  and  Discoveries  of  the  Eng- 
lish in   North  America   17  6808-09 

Purchas's     Relation    of    Voyages    and     Travels,    in    continuation    of 

Hakluyt 43  444;  45  438 

<The  Book  of  Marco   Polo,'  a  story  of  travel  from  Venice  to  China 

(1271),  and  return  (1292-95)  by  Ceylon  and  Constantinople 43       434 

Hue's  interesting  and  still  valuable  travels  in  China  sixty  years  since.  4  2  277;  44  188 

Andrew  Wilson's     tour    through  the  Himalayas 44       112 

Darwin's   <A  Naturalist's  Voyage,*   a    story  of  a  journey  around  the 

world 42   132;  II  4386 

Wallace's  <The  Malay  Archipelago, >  a  volume  of  specially  interesting 
scientific  travels,  43  557;  also  his  <  Travels  on  the  Amazon  and 
Rio  Negro > 43  557;  38  15518 

Isabella    Bird   Bishop's   <  The  Golden  Chersonese,*  a   record  of  travel 

in  the  Malay  peninsula 44         73 

Hayes's   ^Arctic    Boat    Journey, >    <The   Open    Polar   Sea,*    and    <  The 

Land  of  Desolation  * 44  112;  42  254 

Kane's  ^Arctic  Explorations > 42  296 ;  44  112 

Greely's    < Three  Years  of  Arctic   Service,*  and  < Handbook  of  Arctic 

Discoveries  * 42  23 1 ;  44   113 

Mrs.  Peary's  <  My  Arctic  Journal  * , 45        543 

Kennan's  <  Tent  Life  in  Siberia  * 44       324 

Bayard  Taylor's  interesting  books  of  travel  in  many  lands 36    14519 

John   Russell  Young's  travels  with  General  Grant  in   a  tour  around 

the  world 43       590 

Livingstone's  <  Missionary  Travels  and  Researches  in  South  Africa  * ; 
narrative  of  an  expedition  to  the  Zambezi ;  and  Last  Journals  in 
Central  Africa  43       345 

Stanley's  <  How  I  Found  Livingstone, >  < Through  the  Dark  Continent,* 

<In  Darkest  Africa,*  and  other  reports  of  African  travel 43       503 

Du  Chaillu's  ^Explorations  and  Adventures  in  Equatorial  Africa,*  and 
other  African  travels,  42  154;  44  iii;  his  <The  Land  of  the  Mid- 
night Sun,*  dealing  with  Norway 42       154 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxxxiii 

Speke's  travels  of  discovery  of  the  head  waters  of  the  Nile  in  Central 

Africa 43        5oi 

Sir  S.  W.  Baker's  travels  in  Egypt,  Syria,  India,  and  Japan 3        1277 

Baker's   <  The  Albert   Nyanza>   and   <Nile    Tributaries  of  Abyssina,> 

important  records  of  African  discovery 42  37 ;  44  245 

Sir  Richard  Burton's  extensive  explorations  in  Africa,  Syria,  Iceland, 

Brazil,  and  the  United  States 42         85 

Drummond's  <  Tropical  Africa,  >  an  account  of  travel  by  the  water- 
route  to  the  heart  of  Africa 45        559 

Lady  DuflE-Gordon's   <  Last  Letters  from  Egypt  > 45        554 

Dubois's  <Timbuctoo  the  Mysterious, >  a  story  of  distant  travel  inland 

in  French  Africa 4  5       465 

De  Amicis  on  Morocco,  Its  People  and  Place 44        100 

Palgrave's  journey  through  Central  and  Eastern  Arabia 43  414;  44   iii 

Curzon's  visits  to  the  Monasteries  of  the  Levant 45       467 

Exceptional  interest  of  Kinglake's  <  Eothen  > 21      8599 

Pumpelly's    Five  Years'  Journey  around  the  World, — Arizona,  Japan, 

and  China,  4  3   444 ;  4  4  305 ;  his  Geological  Researches  in  China, 

Mongolia,  and  Japan 43       444 

Stephens's  important  works  of  travel  in  Egypt,  Arabia,  and  Palestine ; 

Greece,  Russia,  and  Poland;  Central  America  and  Yucatan  43  505;  44  23 

Mahaffy's  <  Rambles  and  Studies  in  Greece  > 45       425 

Denton  J.  Snider's  travels  in  Greece,  with  special  reference  to  Greek 

scenes  and  life 34    13602 

Ch&,teaubriand's   voyage    of   travel   to   North    America,    on    which    he 

based  three  novels,  <Atala,>  <Rene,>  and  <The  Natchez,*  42   104; 

his  <A  Journey  from  Paris  to  Jerusalem  > 42        104 

Madame  de  Stael's   <  Germany, >   a  remarkable   report  of  observations 

of  travel 44         94 

Longfellow's    <  Hyperion, >    a    story  of  travels   through    Germany  and 

Switzerland 44       241 

Irving's  <  The  Alhambra,  >  a  vivid  sketch  book  of  actual  observations 

in  Spain 44       277 

George  Borrow's  account,  in  two  remarkable  books,  of  travels  in  Spain.  4  5  380,  469 
John  Hay's  <  Castilian  Days,>  a  vivid  picture  of  observations  of  travel 

in  Spain 44       220 

Stevenson's  autobiographic  story  of  travel  in  Southern  France 45       478 

W.  D.  Howell's  <  Italian  Journeys  > 44       320 

Percival    Lowell's    <The    Soul    of   the    Far    East,>   travels   in    Japan, 

China,  and  Korea 45       465 

<A  Girl  in  the  Carpathians,  >  a  travel  study  of  real  people 44         72 

Stoddard's  <  South  Sea  Idyls,*   a  humorous   account  of  experiences  of 

travel  in  Southern  seas 45       460 

Humboldt's  Personal  Narrative  of  Travels  in  South  America 11      4386 

Squier's   Reports  of  Travel  and  Exploration  in  Central  America,  and 

in  Peru 43  503 ;  44  24 

Orton's    <The    Andes    and    the   Amazon,*   a   report   of   travel    across 

South  America 44       304 

28 


cdxxxiv  OUTLINE  SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

J.  F.  Denis;  his  extensive  travels;  author  of  works  on  Brazil,  and  on 

Buenos  Ayres  and  Paraguay 42        139 

Travels  in  Spanish  America,  Russia,  and  Japan,  by  William  E.  Curtis. 42        127 

R.  H.  Dana's  < To  Cuba  and  Back>  in  1859 42       130 

Lummis's  delightful  record  of  travels  in  New  Mexico 45       462 

Clarence  King's  ^Mountaineering  in  the  Sierra  Nevada > 45       408 

Bowles's  ^Across  the  Continent,*  a  report  of  early  travel  in  the  trans- 
Mississippi   Great  West,    44    305;    Irving's    <Astoria,>   a   book  of 

travel  in  the  Far  West 44       305 

Mark  Twain's  <  Roughing  It,>  a  story  of  travel  across  the  plains  from 

St.  Louis  to  Nevada 44         36 

Mark  Twain's  <Life  on  the  Mississippi, >  a  partly  autobiographic  story 

of  travel  on  the  great  river 44       271 

Olmsted's  *A  Cotton   Kingdom  >  and  <  Journey  in  the  Seaboard  Slave 

States,*  records  of  Southern  travel  before  the  Civil  War 44  245,  246 

Amerigo  Vespucci's   story  of   voyages  which   suggested   calling  new 

continental  lands  America 43       546 

Oehlenschlager's  <The  Found  and  Vanished  Land,*  a  dramatic  hand- 
ling of  the  Norse  discovery  of  Vinland 27    10751 

Rafn's   Danish  study  of  American  discoveries  by  the  Norsemen,  in 

the  tenth  century 43        450 

Heine's  <  Pictures  of  Travel,*  prose  pictures  from  the  Hartz  region, 

with  literary  and  political  criticism 45       544 

Layards's  ^  Travels  and  Explorations  in  Babylonia  * 43       330 

Sir  J.  D.  Hooker's  <  Travels  to  the  Antarctic  Seas,  in  India,  and  in 

Morocco  * 42       272 

Markham's  important  travels  in  India,  Abyssinia,  and  Peru 43       368 

Edwards's  < Travels  in  Russia,  Turkey,  and  Central  Europe* 42        164 

The  Earl  Dufferin's  *■  Letters  from  High  Latitudes  * 42        154 

Galton's  < Narrative  of  an  Explorer  in  South  Africa*  and  <The   Art 

of  Travel* 15      6175 

Wissmann,  a  German  African  explorer  across  Africa,  and  author  of 

important  works  on  Africa 43        581 

ZoUer,  German  author  of  important  travels,  and  promoter  of  German     - 

acquisitions  in  West  Africa 43       598 


VERNACULAR:  OR  POPULAR  SPEECH 

Use   by   Plautus,  Catullus,    and   Persius  of  the   lingua  volgare  from 

which  the  Romance  languages  take  their  direct  descent 29  11344 

French  and    Italian   becoming  literary  languages  in  the  twelfth  and 

thirteenth  centuries 11  4317,  4320 

Distinction  to  Dante  between  Lengua  Romana  (The  Provengal)  and 

Lengnaa  materna,  or  Italian 30  11871 

The  common  tongue  of  Italy  essentially  shaped  by  Dante 11  4340 

St.  Francis,  the  first  poet  to  write  for  the  people  in  Italian 15  5922 

Change  in  Italy  from  Latin  to  Italian 5  2089 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxxxv 

Benvenuto   Cellini's  <  Memoirs,*  the   most   perfect   example   of   Italian 

prose .8        3371 

Eflfort  of  Alfonso  the  Wise  to  substitute  Spanish  for  Latin i  384 

Vernacular  languages,  their  use  promoted  everywhere  by  Frederick  II.  38    15581 
Latin  only  the  language  of  culture  in  Europe  in  the  time   of   Eras- 
mus; the  languages  of  France,  Germany,  England,  Holland,  and 

even  Italy  considered  barbarous 14      55^7 

Effort  of  Luther  to  make  the  German  vernacular  a  strong,  fertile,  and 
beautiful  language ;  his  translation  of  the  Bible,  in  large  measure 

the  creator  of  literary  German 23     9323,  9324 

Latin  and  French  preferred  to  German  before  Bodmer's  time 5        2128 

King  Alfred's  devotion  to  Anglo-Saxon  in  place  of  Latin i   391,  392 

The  great  Anglo-Saxon  chronicle  begun  under  King  Alfred 2  554,  555 

Layamon's  <The  Brut,*  translated  (about  1200  A.  D.)  from  the  French 

of  Wace's  <  Roman  de    Brut,>    the    first    manuscript   extant    of   a 

poem  after  the  Conquest  in  English 45       362 

Monumental  significance  of  Wyclif 's  translation  (about    1382)    of   the 

Bible  into  good  vernacular   English 39  16235,   16236 

No  English  national  speech  in  the  time  of  John  Gower's  early  life  .16  6581 
Gower's   three  great  poems  written,  one    in    French,    one   in    Latin, 

and  one   in    English 16     6581 

Students  at  Cambridge,  England,  forbidden  to  use  any  language  but 

Latin,  Greek,  or  Hebrew 3   1156,  1157 

Robert  Aytoun  under  Charles  I.  of  England  wrote  in  Greek,  French, 

and  Latin,  as  well  as  English 3        1 106 

Ascham's  plea  for  the  literary  use  of  English  (1545) 2  917 

Admirable  use  of   English   by  Barclay  in  translating  Brandt's  <Ship 

of  Fools  > 4  1497-98 

George  Canning,  the  first   English   minister  who   made  English  take 

the  place  of  French  in  diplomatic  correspondence 8        3190 

William  Barnes's  rural  Dorset  dialect  as  an  example  of  early  English. 4  1564 
Ivar   Aasen's  attempt  to  make   Norse  instead  of   Danish  the  literary 

language  of  Norway,  supported  by  the   Norwegian  novelist  Gar- 

borg 15      6186 

Garborg's  attempt  to  make  a  literary  Norwegian  speech  in   place   of 

Danish 15      6186 

Lembcke's  lyric    <Our   Mother  Tongue,*    a  favorite   Danish  national 

song 43       334 


WOMAN 

Hesiod  on  woman • 18  7331,  7332 

Aristophanes  on  women  as  a  terrible  plague  and  the  root  of  all  evil .  2  781 

Xenophon  on  the  training  of  a  wife 39  16248 

Plutarch  on   a  wise   and  courteous   wife,    29    11645;  also  on  mothers 

and  nurses 29  11 649 

Hippolytus,  in   Euripides,  rails  at  womankind  as  a  grievous  curse  .  .  .14  5581 


cdxxxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

An  Arabic  picture  of  womanhood 2  682 

Finest  works  of  the  Japanese  classic  age  written   by  two  ladies  of 

the  court 30  8148 

Abelard's  Heloise  as  a  type  of  womanhood i  24 

Respect  for  women  developed  in  the  age  of  chivalry 38  15582 

A  Japanese  woman-writer  on  the  characters  of  women 20  8167 

Passages  from   Firenzuola's  famous  <  Dialogue  on  the  Beauty  of  Wo- 
men > 14   5757-65 

The  old  Dutch  poet  Jacob  Cats's  ideal  of  woman 8  3354 

Character  of  Michel  Angelo's  conception  and  treatment  of  woman..  .25  9978 

Remarkable  character  of  Marguerite  of  Navarre 24  9703 

Wilhelmine,' sister  of  Frederick  the  Great,  a  woman  of  character  and 

culture,  abreast  of  the  most  advanced  thought  of  the  time  ...  .39  15969-70 
St.  Bridget,  the  type  of   Celtic   womanhood  dowered  with  divine  in- 
spiration, poetry,  and  charm 8  3429 

Fuller's  memorial  of  Margaret  More  as  a  learned  lady 15  613 1 

Picture  of  Joanna  Baillie  in  old  age 3  1257 

Steele  distinguished  for  his  respect  for  women 35  1 3878 

Fielding's  tone  about  women,    14   5702;  his  ideal  of  woman  drawn  in 

<  Amelia  * .- 44  243 

Edmond  Sch^rer  on  woman  in  the  eighteenth  century.  . .  ._, 32  12867 

An  ideal  of  womanly  charm  in  Alan  Muir's  <  Lady  Beauty  > 45  530 

A  study  of  woman  and  social  regeneration  in  Mrs.  Browning's  <  Aurora 

Leigh  > 4  4  300 

R.  Grant  White's  tribute  to  the  women  of  England. 4 5  463 

D.  A.  Wasson  on  the  genius  of  woman 38  1 5684-90 

«  Amiable,  weak-headed,  the  type  so  frequently  drawn, >>  by  Mr.  Howells.  44  320 

<<The  type  oftenest  drawn  by  Reade » 44  319 

Montesquieu  on  the  treatment  of  woman 26  10269 

The  civil  and  political  condition  of  woman  from  the  times  of  the  Ro- 
mans, by  E.   R.  Laboulaye;  these  « researches »  the  first  scientific 

inquiry  into  the  legal  disabilities  of  women 22  8748 

Bryce  on  <The  Position  of  Women  in  the  United  States > 6  2644-52 

Thomas  Wright's  <  Womankind  in  Western  Europe  > 43  586 

Klemm's  < Women >  (6  vols.,   1854-59) 43  307 

Grand-Carteret's  <  Woman  and  Germany  > 42  229 

Legouve's  <  Woman  in  France, >  and  <  Moral  History  of  Women  > 43  333 

Saint- Amand's  study  of  the  women  of  the  old  French  courts,  of  the 

First  Empire  and  of  the  Restoration      42  283 

Wilhelm  Liebknecht's  widely  known  work  on  woman. 43  342 

Miiller's  <  Historical  Women  > 43  396 

An  illustrious  woman  of  genius,  in  England,  in  France,  and  in  Spain.  7  3001 

Sainte-Beuve's  ^Gallery  of  Celebrated  Women*    44  77 

Most  of  Racine's  characters  are   women,   30  12028;   his  great  parts 

were  for  the  heroines 30  12029 

Juliana  Bemers  the  first  woman  to  write  a  book  in  English 4  1834 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF  LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxxxvii 

Aphra  Behn,  the  first  woman  in  England  to  Five  by  her  pen  — all  her 

novels  and  poems  stamped  with  indelicacy 42         51 

The   first   «Blue    Stocking  Club»   at  the    London   residence   of  Mrs. 

Montagu 43       388 

Mrs.  Abigail  Adams  finds  English  women  Amazonian   in  attire  and 


manners 


I  lOI 


The  Quarterly  Review's  brutal  criticism  of  Charlotte  Bronte  on  ac- 
count of  <  Jane  Eyre  > 6  2381 

Mrs.  Somerville  the  only  woman  who  could  understand  the  work  of 

Laplace 45  356 

Character  and  influence  of  Susannah  Wesley,  38  15790;  great  unhap- 

piness  of  all  her  girls 38  15790 

Charm  of  modest  womanhood  given  to  all  his  female  characters  by 

Robert  Greene,  whom  Nash  called  the  Homer  of  Women 17  6692 

Giordano  Bruno's  tribute  to  English  women 6  2618 

Dowden  on  Shakespeare's  women 12  4811 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher  on  true  beauty 4  1684 

Saint-Victor's  <The  Women  of  Goethe> 43  477 

Schiller  on  Honor  to  Women 33  12890 

Shelley's  high  conception  of  womanhood 34  13270 

Mary   Wollstonecraft's   <  Modern  Ideal    of  Womanhood,*    <  Milton    on 

Woman,>  and  <  Ideal  Education  for  Women > 39  16132 

Kingsley's  theory  that  the  love  of  woman  is  the  guide  of  the  intel- 
lect, and  that  love  of  nature  teaches  truth  in  regard  to  the  uni- 
verse  22  8612 

Lecky's  intellectual  and  moral  comparison  of  women  with  men 22  8946 

Ruskin  on  womanhood 32  12516 

Bryant  on  a  gentle  woman  as  a   conqueror,   6    2632 ;    Bryant's  « She 

met  the  hosts  of  Sorrow  >* 6  2632 

The  poet  Prior's  advice  for  treatment  of  a  wife 30  11839 

Mrs.  Craik's  tender  and  poetical  ideals  of  womanhood 10  4124 

Mrs.  Humphry  Ward's  study  of  woman  nature,  and   the  new  woman 

admirably  drawn 38  15645 

Motherhood    as    showing    «how   divine    a    thing    a   woman    may   be 

made  » 39  16221 

Debt  of  the  great  Christian  Father  Augustine  to  his  mother  Monica. 3  1014 

Influence  of  the  mother  of  Henry  Thomas  Buckle 6  2673-74 

The  mother  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,   19  7457-58;  his  wife 19  7461 

Jeremy  Taylor  on  husband  and  wife 36  14559 

Delightful   example  of  the   lovely  wife   of   the   explorer   Sir  Samuel 

Baker 3  1278 

Helpmeet  character  of  the  wife  of  Alphonse  Daudet 11  4435 

The  finest  type  of  the  true   German   woman   in   Freytag's  <Ilse*  in 

<  The  Lost  Manuscript  > 15  6013 

<  A  Woman's  Love,*  by  John  Hay 18  7107 

Josef  Kiss's  eulogy  on  woman,  in  a  <Song  of  the  Sewing-Machine*.  .43  307 


cdxxxviii  outline  survey  of  the  principal 

Turgeneff's  women,  one  of  the  most  striking  groups  the  modern  novel 

has  given 37  15062 

The  best  type  of  Russian  woman  represented  by  Olga  in  Gonchar6f's 

<  Oblomof  > 16  6534 

De  Tocqueville  on  women  in  the  United  States 37  14969 

James  Bryce  on  the  position  of  women  in  the  United  States 6  2644-52 

Abigail  Adams,  a  colonial  New  England  woman i  84 

Career  and  character  of  Margaret  Fuller 15  6119-22 

Brilliant  representative  career  of  Julia  Ward  Howe 19  7646 

Mrs.  Helen  Jackson's  distinction  among  American  women  poets 20  S057 

Mrs.  Adeline  Whitney's  study  of  girlhood 44  144 

Constance  Fenimore  Woolson's  skill  in  portraying  women 39  16166 

Valdes's  women,  and  especially  his  young  girls,  a  field  in  which  he 

is  unequaled  by  any  Spanish  contemporary 37  15202 

Women  in  Thomas  Hardy's  novels 17  6935 

Treatment  of  woman  in  W.  E.  Norris's  novels 27  10686-87 

An  ideal  Italian  and  French  woman  in  Madame  de  Stael's  Corinne..44  187 
Dobson's  <  Studies  of  Four  French  Women,  >  Charlotte  Corday,  Madame 

Roland,  The  Princess  de  Lamballe,  and  Madame  de  Genlis 12  4742 

Madame  du  Deffand,  a  graceful,  unscrupulous  society  woman n  4471 

Michelet's  ideal  of  woman 44  253 

Treatment  of  woman  by  Dumas,  Jr 12  5008 

Baudelaire's  contrast  of  virtue  and  elegance  in  women 4  1622 

Paul  Bourget's  pictures  of  falsities  and  beauty  in  a  Parisian  type. . .  .5  2253 

Bourget  on  the  American  woman  5  2255 

Mirza-Schaflfy  on  Women 5  2124 

Madame  Peyerebrune,  a  popular  French  novelist  on  the  dangers  of  a 

literary  career  for  women 43  426 

Madame  Alice  Durand  in  a  series  of  very  popular  French  novels.  .  .  .42  233 
Joanna  Courtmans,  a  Flemish  poet  and  novelist,  excelling  particularly 

in  descriptions  of  the  life  of  the  common    people. 4-?  t22 

Baroness  Ebner-Eschenbach,  an  Austrian  novelist  of  the  highest   dis- 
tinction ...    42  161 

Madame  d'Epinay,  a  notable  French  writer  of  Memoirs 42  171 

Matilde  Serao,  a  notable  Italian  editor  and   novelist   at  Naples 33  13133 

Emilia  Pardo-Bazan,  a  notable  Spanish  critic  and  novelist  ..28   11025;  43  416 

Jaume  Roig's  Spanish  work  full  of  invectives  against  women.    43  464 

The  higher  education  of  women,  proposed  by  Comenius 10  3913 

Mrs.  Barbauld's  idea  of  education  for  women 4  1481 

Mrs.   Elizabeth  Montague's  proposal  of  a  college  for  women 4  1481 

Sydney  Smith  on  the  education  of  women 34  13558-64 

Emma  Willard's  <A  Plan  for  Improving  Female  Education  >  (1819) ,  .43  576 

Madam  Remusat's  < Essay  on  the  Education  of  Women' 43  455 

Mathilde    Blind's   advocacy  of  improved  education  for  women,  and  a 

better  social  position 5  2076 

Henry    Sidgwick's   promotion  of  the  higher  education  of  women  at 

Cambridge,  England 43  494 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxxxix 

Rousseau's  Ideas  of  women 39  16138-42 

Dr.  Gregory's  error  regarding  daughters 39    16142 

Modern  idea  of  woman  in  1792 39    16132 

Milton's  view  of  woman 39    16133 

Conspicuous    initiation    by  Mary  Wollstonecraft   of   the   movement  to 

give  woman  equal  rights  with  man 39    16131 

The  Saint-Simonian  idea  of  « Woman's  Place» 42       158 

Horace  Bushnell  on  Women's  Suffrage  as  «  A  Reform  against  Nature  ».  7  2909 
Argument  against  higher  education  of  women  much  used  in  Germany.  .45        347 

Admission  to  Berlin  University  advocated  by  Herman  Grimm 17     6725 

R.  H.  Stoddard  has  the  Oriental  view  of  woman 35    14030 

The  « woman  question  »  among  London  Jews  in  Besant's  <The  Rebel 

Queen  > 4       1839 

Disraeli  on  fussy  women,  and  female  beauty 4  1651,  1652 

Franziska  Blumenreich,  a  zealous  advocate  of  woman's  rights  in  Ger- 
many   42         64 

Luise  Biichner's  works  on  the  « woman's  rights  question  » 42         81 

Several  volumes  on  woman  problems  by  Mrs.  H.  D.  Dohm  of  Berlin. 4 2  148 
Madame  de  la  Fayette's  <  Princess  of   Cleves,*  the   first  romance  that 

could  be  called  the  romance  of  a  married  woman 22     8768 

Milton's  attack  on  the  accepted  views  of  marriage 25    10039 

Madam  Edgren's  study  in  Swedish  dramas  and  stories  of  the  relation 

between  men  and  women 13  5162,  5163 

Helen  Reeves's  novels  treating  of  English  domestic  life 43       453 

Margaret  Fuller's  study  of  the  question  of  woman  in  the  nineteenth 

century 45       530 

John   Stuart  Mill  on  the  wrong  of  her  legal   subordination,  and  her 

right  to  perfect  equality ' 45       463 

Ibsen's  <  A  Doll's  House,'  a  drama  of  what  woman  has  been  made.  .44         70 

Ibsen's  The  new  woman  in  his  <  Ghosts > 44       313 

Sir  John  Suckling's  <  Verses  >  in  scorn  of  woman's  love 35    14161 

The  Dutch  poet  Jacob  Cats's  praise  of  his  wife,  <A  Foundation  for  a 

Home,  a  Model  of  Truth  > 8        3354 

Heine's  <  Sonnets  to  His  Mother  > 18     7197 

Sudermann's   study  of  the  saving  power   of  woman,  in  three  notable 

novels 35    14165 

Indebtedness  of  J6kai,  the  great  Hungarian  author,  for  his  life  after 

the  Austrian  victories  to  his  wife    Rose   Laborfalvi,  the  greatest 

of  Hungarian  tragediennes 21      8332 

Moliere's  <  School  for  Wives* 45        557 

Michelet's  <L' Amour  >  an  attempt  to  suggest  for  France  an  ideal  of 

family  life 44       253 

The  question  of   incompatible  marriage  raised  by  Rod's  <The  White 

Rocks  > 44       306 

Bourget  on  <The  American  Family  >  and  «The  American  Woman ».  5  2254,  2255 

Hutchinson's  <  Marriage  Customs  in  Many  Lands  > 44       215 

Burns's  estimate  of  domestic  life 7        2843 


Cdxl  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 


CLASSIFIED    READINGS   OF    PROSE    AND    POETRY 
FROM  ALL  LITERATURES: 

SHOWING  SPECIAL  LINES  OF   INTEREST,  ENTERTAINMENT, 
STUDY,  AND  RESEARCH,  REPRESENTED  BY  CHOICE 
EXAMPLES    OF    THE    WORLD'S    BEST    LIT- 
ERATURE   ANCIENT    AND    MODERN. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    AND    AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL    READINGS 

Ennius  on  the  character  of  Fabius,    14  5481;  the  same  on    Scipio....i4      5482 

Pliny  on  Apelles,  Praxiteles,  and  Phidias 29  11577-80 

Biographical  readings  from  Plutarch, — <Pericles,>  29  1 1605-18;  <Corio- 
lanus,>  11618-31;  <  Plutarch  on  Himself,*  11632;  < Antony  and 
Cleopatra,*  11633-40;  <  Letter  to  his  Wife  on  their  Daughter's 
Death,*  11641;  <The  Wife  of  Pythes,*  11645;  Essay  readings, 
— <The  Teaching  of  Virtue,*  11 646;  <The  Need  of  Good  School- 
masters,* 11648;  ^Mothers  and  Nurses* 29    11649 

Carlyle  on  the  contrast  of  Dante  « unimportant  wandering  sorrow- 
stricken  **  and  his  book 8  325 1-61 

Art  biographical  reading  from  Vasari. — <  Raphael  Sanzio* 37  15250-56 

Biographical  reading   from  Villari's  <Life  and  Times  of   Savonarola,* 

— <  Savonarola  * 38  15357-76 

Readings  from  the  German  autobiography  of  Wilhelmine,  sister  of 
Frederick  the  Great, — <  Visit  of  Peter  the  Gfeat  to  Frederick 
William  the  First,*  39   15970-73;  <  Pictures  of  Court  Life*  ....39  15973-82 

Examples  from  Beethoven's  letters 4  1752-62 

Hector   Berlioz   on  Gluck 4        1815 

Berlioz's  essay  on    Bach 4        18 16 

Readings  from  Mendelssohn's  letters, — <  Hours  with  Goethe,  1830,*  25 

9889;  <First  Impressions  of  Venice,*  9892;  <St.  Peter's  in  Rome*. 25      9894 
Readings    from     Bismarck,    personal, —  twelve     Letters,     5     1934-47; 
Historical, — <  Character   of  the  Frankfort   Diet   of  1853,*  1948-54; 

<  A  Speech  on  the  Military  Bill  * 5   1955-58 

Biographical  readings  from  G.  H.   Lewes, — < Goethe  and  Schiller,*  23 

9039-43 ;  <  Robespierre  in  Paris,  1770  * 23  9043-47 

Readings  from  the  Letters  of  Madame  De  S6vign6 33  13155-66 

D'Alembert's  eulogy  on  Montesquieu i     356-70 

Biographical  readings  from  Cousin, — -Pascal's  Skepticism,*  10  4083; 
< Madame  de  Longueville,*  4084-86;  <  Madame  de  Chevreuse,' 
4087;   < Madame  de  Hautefort  and  Madame  de  Chevreuse* 10     4088 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxH 

Gibbons's  <Zenobia  > i6  6279-85 

Biographical  readings  from  John  Morley, — <  Rousseau  at  Mont- 
morency,) 26  10325;  <Condorcet> 26    10330 

Biographical  reading  from  Von  Hoist, — <Mirabeau  > 19  7497-504 

Biographical  reading  from  Clarendon, — <The  Character  of  Lord  Falk- 
land > 9  3738-44 

Readings  biographical  ^and  piscatorial  from  Izaak  Walton, —  <  Mr. 
Richard    Hooker,>    38    15605-08;    <Mr.    George    Herbert,>    15608, 

15609;  <  Angling  as  an  Art^ 38  15610-22 

Readings  from  Pepys's  Diary 28   11288-304 

Dr.  John  Brown  on  <  The  Death  of  Thackeray  >  6  2458-60 

Biographical  reading  from  Lockhart, — <The  Last  Days  of  Sir  Walter 

Scott  > , .23  9128-37 

Biographical  reading, —  Gladstone  on  Macaulay 16  6361-72 

Two  choice  fragments  of  Andersen's  <  Story  of  My  Life* 2     534-37 

John  Adams's  sketch  of  the  French  court,  and  account  of  the  charac- 
ter of  Benjamin  Franklin i   130,   132 

Readings  from  Margaret   Fuller, — <  Madame   George   Sand,>   i  5  6123 ; 

<  Americans  in  Europe,'  6124;  < Character  Sketch  of  Carlyle*  ....  15      6127 
Darmesteter  on  Ernest  Renan,   11  4381 ;   Bourget  on   Renan's  aristo- 
cratic vision 5        2258 

Verses  by  Baggesen  on  his   childhood 3        1242 

D'Azeglio's  recollection  of  a   <  Happy  Childhood  > 3   113 1-34 

Bentham's  <  Reminiscences  of   Childhood  > 4  1778-80 

Olive  Schreiner's  study  of  < Shadows  from  Child  Life' 33   12959-67 

American  biographical  readings  from  Carl  Schurz, — <Clay  the  Citi- 
zen,' 33  12978-83;  <Clay  the  Statesman,'  12984-87;  <Two  Popular 
Leaders,'  Jackson  and  Clay,  12987-92;  <The  First  American'.  .33   12992-94 

Readings  from  John  Hay, — < Lincoln's  Death  and  Fame,' 18  7098-105 

N.  P.  Willis  on  <  When  Tom   Moore   Sang ' 39  16003-05 

< Thoreau's   Flute,'   by  Miss   Alcott i  293 

CRITICAL    READINGS:    ART    AND    LITERATURE 

French.— Readings  of  thought  and  criticism  from  Voltaire,— ^ The  Ir- 
repressible King,'  38  15457-61;  <War,'  15462-64;  < Appearances,' 
15464-66;  < Contradictions,'  15466-70;  <0n  Reading,*  15471;  <The 
Ignorant  Philosopher,'  15472-74;  < Climate,'  15474-77;  <  Luxury,' 
15478-80;  <  Passages  from  Pamphlets,'  15480-83;  <  Country  Life,' 
15483,  15484;  < Voltaire  to  Rousseau,'  15484-86;  'The  Drama,'  15487, 
15488 ;   <  To  a   Lady  '    (verse) 38    15489 

Readings  of  story  and  criticism  from  Madame  De  Stael, — <  Influence 
of  the  Passions,'  35  13827;  ^On  Literature,'  13828;  From  <  Del- 
phine,'  13829;  From  <Corinne,' 13830-35;  <  Goethe,'  13836;  <  Napo- 
leon,' 13837-39;  <Necker,'  13839-41;  <  Persecutions  by  Napoleon,' 
13841-43 ;  <  Rome,  Ancient  and  Modem ' 35  13843,  13844 

Readings  from  the  French  musical  composer  Berlioz, —  <The  Italian 
Race    as    Musicians    and    Auditors,'    4    1811-13;     <The    Famous 


Cdxlii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Snuff-Box  Treachery,)  1813-15;  <On  Gluck,>  1815;  <On  Bach,> 
1816;  *  The  Beginning  of  a  Grand  Passion,*  1817;  <0n  Theatrical 

Managers  > 4        1818 

Critical    art    reading    from    Charles    Blanc,  —  <  Rembrandt, >    5    2055; 

<  Albert  Diirer's  Melancholy,*  2055;  < Ingres,*  2056;  <Calamatta's 
Studio,*  2057;  <  Debut  as  an  Art  Critic,*  2057;  *  Delacroix's  Bark 
of  Dante,*  2058;  <  Genesis  of  the  Grammar  of  Decorative  Art,* 
2059;  ^  Moral  Influence  of  Art,*  2060;  <Poussin's  Shepherds  of 
Arcadia,*  2060;  <  Landscape,*  2061;  <Style,*  2061;  ^Proportion  in 
Architecture  * 5        2062 

Critical  reading  from  Lemaitre, — <On  the  Influence  of  Recent  North- 
ern Literature  * 22  8965-76 

Readings    of    criticism    from    Edmond     Scherer,  —  <  The    Eighteenth 

Century,*  32   12867-75;  <A  Literary  Heresy* 32  12876 

Readings  of  critical  sentiment  from  Senancour's  ^Obermann,* — <  Al- 
pine Scenery,*  33  131 12-15;  <  Conditions  of  Happiness,*  131 15; 
<Obermann's  Isolation  * 33    131 17 

Critical  readings  from  Sainte-Beuve, — <  Account  of  His  Own  Critical 
Method,*  32  12662-66;  <  Alfred  De  Musset,*  12666-69;  *  Goethe: 
and  Bettina  Brentano  * 32  12669-77 

Critical  literary  readings  from  Brunetiere, — ^Taine  and  Prince  Napo- 
leon,* 6  2607-09;  <The  Literatures  of  France,  England,  and  Ger- 
many * 6    2609-12 

English. —  Readings  of  gossip  and  criticism  from  Horace  Walpole, — 
< Cock-Lane  Ghost  and  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu,*  38  15568; 
<A  Year  of  Fashion,*  15569;  ^Funeral  of  George  II.,*  15570;  <Gos- 
sip  about  the  French  and  French  Women,*  15571-76;  <The  Eng- 
lish Climate,*  15577;  *  Prophecies  of  National  Ruin*    38    15578 

Readings  of  Art  and  Criticism  from  John  Ruskin, —  <  On  Woman- 
hood,* 32  12516;  *The  Uses  of  Ornament,*  12518-23;  <Land- 
scapes  of  the  Poets,*  12523-26;  <The  Throne,*  12526-32;  < Descrip- 
tion of  St.  Mark's,*  12532-39;  <  Calais  Spire,*  12539-43;  <The  Fri- 
bourg  District,  Switzerland,*  12543-46;  < Mountain  Gloom,*  12546-49; 
^Description  of  Nature,*  12549-58;  "^Leaves  Motionless,*  12558-60; 
< Cloud-Balancings  * 32  12560-62 

Critical  art  readings  from  Hamerton, —  < Peach-Bloom,*  17  6878;  <The 
Fascination  of  the  Remote,*  6879-82;  <  Trees  in  Art,*  6882;  < Noble 
Bohemianism  * ,17  6884-90 

Critical  reading, — <The  Scope  of  the  Novelist,*  by  T.  H.  Green.  .  .  .17  6685-go 

Critical  readings  from  Edward  Dowden, — <The  Humor  of  Shakes- 
peare,* 12  4807-11;   <  Shakespeare's  Portraiture  of  Women,*  4811; 

<  The  Interpretation  of  Literature  * 12  4812-14 

Critical  reading  from  Walter  Pater, — *The  Classic  and    Romantic   in 

Literature  * 28   11167-78 

Critical  readings  from  Birrell's  Essays, — <Dr.  Johnson,*  4  1900-07; 
<The  Office  of  Literature,*  1908-11;  < Truth-Hunting,*  1912-15; 
<Benvenuto  Cellini,*  1915-20;  < Obscurity  of  Mr.  Browning's  Po- 
etry * 4    1920-28 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF  INTEREST  cdxliii 

A  critical  thought  story  reading  from  Mallock's  <New  Republic >  .  .24  9626-44 
German. —  Critical  reading  from  Gottschall, — ^Heinrich  Heine >  ....16  6572-78 
Reading  of  literary  criticism   from    Schlegel, — <  Spenser  and  Shakes- 
peare > • 3  3  12915-22 

Readings  of  critical  thought  from  the  historian  Niebuhr, —  <Plan  for 
a    Complete    History   of    Rome,*    27     10659;    < Early    Education, > 

10661 ;  <  Importance  of  the  Imagination  > 27    10663 

Goethe  on  Shakespeare,    1 6  6424-26 ;  ^  Analysis  of  Hamlet  > 16    6427-38 

Critical  readings   from    Kuno  Fischer, —  <The  Motive  to  Philosophy,  > 

1 4  5769 ;  '■  On  Goethe's  Faust ' 14    5771-76 

German  critical  reading  from  Herman  Grimm, —  < Florence'' 17  6725-32 

Readings  from  Richard  Wagner, —  <  Beside  the  Hearth, >  38  15504; 
<The    Function   of  the   Artist,>  15505-10;.  <  The  Art  Work  of  the 

Future  > 38   15510-16 

A  reading  of  Oriental    learning  from  Max  Miiller, — <The  Migration 

of  Fables  > 26   10429-41 

Danish. —  Critical  sketch  by  Welhaven, — <  The  Paris  Morgue  > 38   15784-89 

Critical  readings  from  Georg  Brandes, — <Bjornson,>  5  2303-06;  <  His- 
torical Movement  in  Modern  Literature  > ♦ 5  2306-10 

American. —  Readings  from   Grant    White, — <The   Bacon-Shakespeare 

Craze,>  39  15877-80;  <Big  Words  for  Small  Thoughts  > 39  15880-84 

Critical  and  poetic  readings  from  William  Winter, — <  Jefferson's  Rip 
Van  Winkle,'  39  16062-69;  <A  Pledge  to  the  Dead,>  16069;  ^Ed- 
win Booth, >  16071 ;  <Violet,>  16072;  <The  Golden  Silence  > 39    16074 

Readings  of   historical  cnticism  from  Woodrow  Wilson, — <The  Truth 

of  the  Matter,)  39  16048-54;  <The  West  in  American  History>.3  9   16055-60 


DRAMATIC    AND    DIALOGUE    READINGS 

Greek. — Readings  from  the  dramas  of  ^schylus, —  <The  Complaint  of 
Prometheus, >  i  192;  <A  Prayer  to  Artemis,>  193;  <The  Defi- 
ance of  Eteocles,*  195;  <The  Vision  of  Cassandra,*  196;  <The 
Lament  of  the  Old  Nurse,*  198;  <The  Decree  of  Athena*  i  199 

Choice  passages  from  Euripides, — <  Choral  Song,*  14  5577;  *  Ion's 
Song,*  5578;  <  Songs  from  the  Hippolytus,*  5579-81;  <Hippolytus 
Rails  at  Womankind,*  5581;  Hippolytus's  Disaster,  5583;  <  Hecuba 
Hears  the  Story  of  Her  Daughter's  Death,*  5585;  <  Medea  Resolv- 
ing to  Slay  Her  Children,*  5586;  <Alcestis's  Farewell  to  Her 
Home,*  5588;  <  Professional  Athletics,*  5589;  <  Children  a  Blessing,* 
5590;  ^  Resignation* 14      5590 

Readings  of  poetry  from  the  comedies  of  Aristophanes, —  <  The  Origin 
of  the  Peloponnesian  War,*  2  769;  ^The  Poet's  Apology,*  770-72; 
<The  Appeal  of  the  Chorus,*  773-75;  <The  Cloud  Chorus,*  775; 
< Grand  Chorus  of  Birds,*  776-78;  <A  Rainy  Day  on  the  Farm,* 
778;  *The  Harvest,*  778;  <The  Call  to  the  Nightingale,*  779; 
<The  Building  of  Cloud-Cuckoo-Town*  (dialogue),  779-81;  < Chorus 
of  Women,>  781;  ^Chorusof  Mystae  in  Hades,*  781-85;  ^ A  Parody 


Cdxliv  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE   PRINCIPAL 

of  Euripides's  Lyric  Verse, >  785;  <The  Prologues  of  Euripides,^  a 
humorous  take-off 2  786-87 

Dialogue  readings  from  the  Greek  of  Lucian, —  <  Aphrodite  and  Se- 
lene,* 23  9291;  <The  Judgment  of  Paris,*  9291-96;  <The  Amateur 
of    Lying  * 23  9297-303 

A  dialogue   reading  (The   Sirens  and   Orpheus)   from   Morris's  <Life 

and  Death  of  Jason  * 2    733-41 

Latin. —  Dramatic  reading  from  the  Latin  comedy  of  Terence;  from 

the  <  Self  Tormentor  >  36   14653-62 

Readings  from  the  Latin  comedies  of  Plautus, —  From  his  <  The  Brag- 
gart Soldier,*  29  11563-67;  Prologue  of  <Casina,*  11567;  Prologue 
of  ^Trinummus,*  11568;  Prologue  of  <Rudens,^  11568;  Two  Epi- 
logues, 11569;  <Busybodies,>  11569;  < Unpopularity  of  Tragedy,* 
11570;  < Mixture  of  Greek  and  Roman  Manners,*  11570;  < Rewards 
of  Heroism,*  11570;  < Fishermen's  Luck* 29    11571 

Hindu. —  Dramatic  examples  from  Kalidasa  the  Sanskrit  Shakespeare. 

21    8458-76 

Italian. —  Large  example  of  Alfieri's  <  Agamemnon  * i    374-82 

Readings  from  the  Italian  dramatist  Goldoni, — <  First  Love  and 
Parting,*  16  6479;  *The  Origin  of  Masks  in  Italian  Comedy,* 
6481-83;  <  Purists  and  Pedantry,*  6484;  <A  Poet's  Old  Age,* 
6485-87 ;  <  The  Cafe  *  (comedy) 16    6488-92 

German. —  Extended  dramatic  reading  from  <  Faust,*    i  6       6396-421 ; 

^Mignon's  Love  and  Longing,*  6421-24;  «  Art  is  long,  life  short**.  16     6438 

Dramatic  readings    from    Schiller, —  From    < Wallenstein's    Death,*  33 

12905-08 ;   <  The   Iconoclasts  * 33    12909 

Dramatic  readings  from  Grillparzer, — < Sappho  and  Phaon,*  i  7  6716-20; 

<  The  Death  of  Sappho  * 17    6720-22 

Dramatic  reading  from    Hauptmann, — <The   Death    and    Awakening 

of  Hannele  * 17  7027-40 

Dialogue  reading  from  Lessing's  < Nathan  the  Wise* 23  9011-17 

Spanish. —  Dramatic  readings  from  Calderon, — <The  Lovers,*  7  3075; 

< Cyprian's  Bargain,*  3077-81;    <  Dreams  and    Reahties,*   3082-85,* 

<  The  Dream  Called   Life  * 7        3086 

Spanish  dramatic  reading  from  Lope  de  Vega, — <  Sancho  the  Brave*.  3  8  15291-96 
<A  Woman  Viewed  from  Without*   from  Alarcon's   < Three   Cornered 

Hat  * I  263 

Dramatic  readings  from  Echegaray, — From  *  Madman  or  Saint?*  13 

5104-08 ;  From  <The  Great  Galeoto* 13  5109-12 

Hungarian. —  Dialogue  readings  from  Maddch's  < Tragedy  of  Man*... 

24    9517-24,9525-30 

Dutch. —  Readings,  poetical  and  dramatic  from  Vondel,— <  To  Vossius, 

On  the  Loss  of  His  Son,*  38  15493;  From  < Lucifer* 38  15494-98 

English. —  Dramatic  readings  from  Marlowe's  <Tamburlaine,*  24 
9718-22;  From  his  *  Doctor  Faustus,*  9722;  From  <  Edward  the 
Second,*  9725 ;  From  <  The  Jew  of  Malta  * 24     9727 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxlv 

Readings  of  drama  and  song  from  Shakespeare,  33  13189-218;  son- 
nets, 13219-24;  < Dogberry,*  33  13227;  <Shylock  and  Antonio,> 
13229;  <Launcelot  and  Old  Gobbo,>  13230;  <The  Quality  of  Mercy,> 
13233;  <  Lorenzo  and  Jessica  >  13234;  < Rosalind,  Orlando,  Jaques,> 
13236-41;  <  Richard  II.  in  Prison,*  13241;  <Falstaff  and  Prince 
Hal,*  13243-47;  <FalstaflE"s  Army,*  13247;  <Falstaif  in  Battle,* 
13249;  < Henry's  Wooing  of  Katharine,*  13251-55;  <Gloster's  So- 
liloquy,* 13256;  <  Love  Scene:  Romeo  and  Juliet,*  13257;  *  Antony's 
Speech  over  Caesar's  Body,*  13258-60;  < Macbeth  Before  the  Deed,* 
13261;  < Hamlet's  Soliloquy,*  13262;  < Othello's  Wooing* 33    13263 

Dramatic  and  poetic  readings  from  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, — <The 
Faithful  Shepherdess,*  4  1680-83;  <Four  Songs,*  1683-84;  <True 
Beauty,*  1684;  ^Ode  to  Melancholy,*  1685;  <To  Ben  Jonson,*  1685; 
<The  Tombs  in  Westminster,*  1686;  <Arethusa's  Declaration,* 
1687-89;  <The  Story  of  Bellario,*  1690;  <  Confession  of  Evadne  to 
Amintor,*  1691-94;  <The  Death  of  the  Boy  Hengo,*  1694-97;  verses 
by  Shakespeare  and  Fletcher 4        1698 

Readings  from  Ben  Jonson, — <  On  Style,*  21  8345;  <0n  Shakespeare,* 
8347;  < Verses  in  Memory  of  Shakespeare,*  8347-49;  Dramatic, — 
From  <Sejanus,*  8349-53;  From  <The  Silent  Woman,*  8353-57; 
< Prologue,*  8357 ;  seven  short  poems 21    8358-60 

Dramatic  readings  from  Massinger, —  From  <The  Maid  of  Honour,*  25 

9799;  From  < A  New  Way  to  Pay  Old  Debts* 25      9801 

Dialogue  reading  from  John  Webster's  tragedy,  <  The  Duchess  of  Malfi  *.  3  8  1 5760-68 

Readings  of  English  comedy  from  Sheridan, — <Mrs.  Malaprop's  Views,* 
34  13321-24;  <Sir  Lucius  Dictates  a  Cartel,*  13324-27;  <  The  Duel,* 
13327-33;  <The  Scandal  Class  Meets,*  13333-39;  ^Matrimonial 
Felicity,*  13339-44;  <Sir  Peter  and  Lady  Teazle  Agree  to  Disagree,* 
13344-47;  ^Auctioning  Off  One's  Relatives,*  13347-55;  ^The  Pleas- 
ures of  Friendly  Criticism,*  13355-61;  <  RoUa's  Address  to  the 
Peruvian  Warriors  * 34    1336 1 

Dialogue  reading  from   Christopher  North, — <In  which  the  Shepherd 

and  Tickler  Take  to  the  Water  * 39   16034-46 

Dramatic  readings  from  Sir  H.  Taylor, — <The  Famine,*  36  14542; 
< Vengeance  on  the  Traitors,*  14543-45;  <Artevelde  Refuses  to 
Dismiss  Elena  * 36  14546-50 

French. —  Dramatic  readings  from  the  comedies  of  Moliere, —  From 
<The  Miser,*  26  10164;  From  <The  Misanthrope,*  10168;  <A 
Sincere  Critic  Seldom  Pleases,*  10172;  From  <Tartuffe,*  10178-92; 
<The  Fate  of  Don  Juan,*  10192-98;  <The  Sham  Marquis  and 
the  Affected   Ladies  * 26  10198-205 

Dramatic  readings  from  Corneille, — <The  Lovers,*  10  4070-73;  <Don 
Rodrigue's  Victory  over  the  Moors,*  4073-75;  <The  Wrath  of 
Camilla,*  4075-77 ;  *  Paulina's  Appeal  to  Severus  * 10  4077,  4078 

Dramatic  readings  from  Crebillon, — <The  Bloody  Banquet.*  10  4171-73; 

<  Mother   and    Daughter,*   4174,    4175;    <The    Matricide,*    4175-77; 

<  The  Reconciliation  * 10  4177-80 


Cdxlvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Dramatic  readings  from  Racine, — <The  Rivals,^  30  12030;  <The  Appeal 

of  Andromache, >  12033-36;  <The  Confession  of  Pheedra^ 30  12037-40 

Readings  from  the  comedies  of  Beaumarchais, — <  Outwitting  a  Guard- 
ian,>  4   1660-66;  <  Outwitting  a  Husband  >     .4   1666-73 

Dialogue  reading  of  French  wit  from  Piron 29    11 507 

Dramatic  readings  from  Pailleron, — <  Society  where  One  is  Bored, >  28 
10962-67;  <A  Scientist  among   Ladies,^  10967-70;   <The   Story   of 

Grigneux  >  .  ■ 28   10971-74 

Dramatic  reading  from  Delavig^ne, — <The  Confession  of  Louis  XL^.ii  4529-34 

Dialogue  reading  from  Musset, —  ^  The  False  Lover  > 26  10499-505 

Five  examples  from  Emile  Augier's  dramas, — *A  Conversation  with 
a  Purpose, >  3  999-1004;  <A  Severe  Young  Judge,  >  1004-06;  <A 
Contented   Idler,  >  1006-09;  <The  Feelings  of  an  Artist,  >  1009-11; 

<  A  Contest  of  Wills  ^ 3  1011-14 

Readings    from    Fran§ois    Coppee, — <The    Parricide >  (dramatic),   10 

4049-55 ;  *  The  Substitute  >  (a  tale)    10  4055-64 

Russian. —  Dramatic    reading    from    Pushkin's   <  Boris  Godunoflf,^    30 

11912-17;  from  his  romance  in  verse  ^Evgeny  Onyegin> 30  1 1918-24 

Danish. —  Dramatic  readings  from  Holberg, —  From  <  Ulysses  of  Ithaca,* 

i  18  7417-20;  From  <The  Political  Pewterer,*  7421-28;  From  < Eras- 
mus Montanus,)  7428-39;  <A  Defense  of  the  Devil, >  7439-42;  <The 

I       Society   of  Women  > 18      7443 

Poetical  and  dramatic  readings  from  Oehlenschlager, — *The  Dedica- 
tion to  Goethe  of  « Aladdin, »>  27  10752;  *Song,>  10754;  *From 
Axel  and  Valborg,*  10755-66;  ^The  Foes,*  10766-69;  *  The  Sacri- 
fice,* 10770-72;  <Song,*  10773;  'Noureddin  Reads  from  an  Old 
Folio,*  10773 ;  *■  Oehlenschlager's  Only  Hymn  * 27    10774 

Dramatic  readings  from  Hertz's  <King  Rene's  Daughter,* — <The  Blind 

Princess,*  18   7319-23;  <The  Awakening  to  Sight* 18  7323-25 

Ewald's  ^The  Danish  National  Song,*  14  5619;  closing  scene  of  Ewald's 
lyrical  drama  <The  Fishers,*  5622-26;  prose  fragment  on  <  First 
Love  * 14      5620 

Norse. —  Dramatic  readings  from  Ibsen, — From  <The  Pretenders,*  20 

7847-51;  From  <A  Doll's  House,*  7852-58;  From  <Peer  Gynt*..2o  7858-64 

Readings  from  Bjomson's  Norse  dramas, —  ^Sigurd  Slembe's  Return,* 

5  1973-77;  *How  the  Mountain  was  Clad,*  1977-79;  ^The  Father*. 5     1980-82 

Poetical  reading  from  the    Finnish  <  Kalevala  * 21  8450-54 

HISTORICAL   READINGS 

Egyptian  Historical  Readings. —  *The   Stela  of  Piankhy,*   one  of  the 

longest  existing  Inscriptions,  13   5274-95;  <  Inscription  of  Una  *.  i  3  5295-300 

Greek. —  Historical  stories  from  Herodotus, — <The  King  and  the  Phi- 
losopher,* 18  7292;  <A  Tyrant's  Fortune,*  7295;  <  Curious  Scythian 
Customs,*  7296;  <King  Rhampsinitus  and  the  Robber,*  7299;  < Hero- 
ism of  Athens  during  the  Persian  Invasion,*  7302;  <  Lopping  the 

'        Tall  Ears,*  7305 ;  <  Close  of  the  History  * 18      7306 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdxlvii 

Greek  historical  readings  from  Thucydides,— ^The  Night  Attack  on 
Platsea,*  37  14917-20;  <Pericles's  Memorial  Oration  over  the 
Athenian  Dead, >  14920-26;  <  Reflections  on  Revolution, >  14926-29; 
<  Final  Struggle  in  the  Harbor  of  Syracuse  > 37   14929-31 

Readings  of  Greek  story  from  Xenophon,— <The  Training  of  aWife,> 
39  16248-52;  ^Xenophon's  Estate  at  Scillus,>  16253;  ^Hardships 
in  the  Snow,>  16254-58;  <The  Education  of  a  Persian  Boy>...3  9  16258-60 

Greek  historical  readings  from  Polybius,—^  Scope  of  the  History,>  30 

11705  ;  <  On  the  Scipios,>  11707 ;  <  The  Fall  of  Corinth  > 30    11709 

Classical  Greek  readings  from  Pausanias, — <  The  Acropolis  of  Athens 

and  Its  Temples,  >  2811215-18:  <  The  Temple  of  Zeus  at  Olympia  >.  2  8  11218-22 

Historical  readings  from  Grote's  Greece, —  <  Alexander  the  Great,  >  17 

6747-57 ;  ^The  Rise  of  Cleon > 17  6758-60 

Historical  readings  from  Curtius's  <  History  of  Greece,  >  —  <The  Causes 
of  Dislike  towards  Socrates,*  10  4242-45;  ^Socrates  as  an  Influence 
and  as  a  Man  > 10  4245-50 

Latin. —  Historical  readings  from  Livy, —  ^Horatius  at  the  Bridge,* 
23  9095-99:  *  Character  of  Hannibal,*  9099;  <  Battle  of  Lake 
Trasimene,'  9100-03;    < Episode  of  Classical  Warfare* 23  9103-04 

Historical  readings  from  Julius  Caesar, —  <The  Defeat  of  Ariovistus,* 
7  3046-56;  < Manners  and  Customs  of  the  Germans  and  Gauls,* 
3057-65  ;  *■  The  Two  Lieutenants  * 7        3065 

Readings  from  Latin  history  in  Sallust,  —  <  Catiline  and  His  Plot,*  32 
12746;  <  Catiline's  Address  to  His  Soldiers  Before  Battle,*  12748; 
<A  Numidian  Defeat,*  12749-54;  <  Speech  of  Marius* 32   12754-58 

Readings   of  Roman  history  from  Suetonius, —  <  Caligula's  Madness,* 

35  14203;  <  Cowardice  and  Death  of -Nero,*  14205-07;  <  Vitellius  * .  3  5    14208 

Readings  from  Josephus, —  < Moses  as  a  Legislator,*  21  8364;  < Solo- 
mon's Wisdom,*  8366;  ^Alexander's  Conquest  of  Palestine,?  8367; 
< Greek  Version  of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,*  8370;  <  Death  of 
James,  Brother  of  Jesus,*  8372;  <Agrippa's  Appeal  to  the  Jews,* 
8374;  *Josephus's  Surrender  to  the  Romans,*  8376;  <  Destruction 
of  the  Temple  at  Jerusalem,*  8379;  < Hebrew  Faith,  Worship,  and 
Laws,  *  8382 ;  <  The  Maccabsean  Revolt  * 21      8384 

Historical  readings  from  Duruy's  <  Rome  * 12   5071-74 

Historical  reading  from  Mommsen, —  <The  Character  of  Caesar* 26    10208 

Bryce  on  <The  Work  of  the  Roman  Empire  * 6        2659 

How  the  European  Commonwealth  succeeded  the  Roman  Empire  ...  6  2660 
Historical  readings  from  Gibbon's  <Rome,*  —  <Zenobia,*  16  6279-85; 
< Foundation  of  Constantinople,*  62S5-92;  <  Character  of  Constan- 
tine,*  6292-96;  < Death  of  Julian,'  6296-99;  <The  Fall  of  Rome,* 
6299-303;  *Si]k,*  6303-07;  <  Mahomet's  Death  and  Character,* 
6308-13;   <The  Alexandrian    Library,*   6314;   <The  Final  Ruin  of 

Rome  * 16  6316-32 

Historical  readings  from  E.  A.  Freeman, —  'Altered  Aspects  of  Rome,* 
15  5982-87;  <The  Continuity  of  English  History,*  5987-92;  <Race 


Cdxlviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE  PRINCIPAL 

and  Language, >  5992-95;  <The  Norman  Council  and  the  Lille- 
bonne  Assembly  > 15  5995-6001 

Historical  readings  from  Lecky, — <  Influence  from  Gladiatorial  Shows,  > 
22  8935-41;  <  Systematic  Charity,  >  8941-46;  <  Moral  and  Intellectual 
Differences  between  the  Sexes  ^ 22  8946-51 

Historical  reading  from  J.  P.  Mahaffy, —  <  Childhood  in  Ancient  Life\ 

24    9571-79 

Remarkable   readings  from   the   Memoirs  of   the   Emperor    Baber   of 

India  in  the  time  of  Columbus 3   1142-48 

English. —  Anglo-Saxon  historical  story, —  Csedmon's  <  Inspiration, >  2 
572;  from  <The  Chronicle,  >  telling  how  King  Alfred  began  Eng- 
land's building  of  a  navy 2  573 

Readings    from    Sir    John   Mandeville, —  <  The    Marvelous    Riches    of 

Prester  John,>  24  9658;  <From  Hebron  to  Bethlehem  > 24  9660-63 

Historical  story  readings  from   Holinshed's   Chronicles,  —  <  Macbeth's 

Witches,  >  19  7446;  <The  Murder  of  the  Young  Princes  > 19  7447-50 

Historical  readings  from  Stubbs's  <  Constitutional  History  of  Eng- 
land,*— ^Social  Life  in  the  Fifteenth  Century,*  35  14143-47.;  < Tran- 
sition from  the  Age  of  Chivalry  > 35   14147-54 

Picturesque   readings   from   Walter    Besant, —  <  Old-Time  London, >    4 

1840-44;  <The  Synagogue  > 4   1845-51 

Story  of  the  great  fire  in  London  (September  2,  1666)  by  John  Eve- 
lyn  14  5597-602 

Historical  readings  from  Hallam, —  ^English  Domestic  Comfort  in  the 
Fifteenth  Century, >  17  6855;  <  Intellectual  Darkness  in  the  Middle 
Ages  * : 17    6857-60 

Historical  readings  from  Macaulay, —  <The  Coffee-House,>    24    9386; 

<  Difficulty  of  Travel  in  England  in  1685, >  9388-95;  <The  High- 
wayman,* 9395;  ^The  Delusion  of  Overrating  the  Happiness  of 
Our  Ancestors,*  9397;  <The  Puritan,*  9399;  <  Spain  under  Philip 
II.,*  9402;  <The  Character  of  Charles  II.  of  England,*  9406; 
<The  Church  of  Rome,*  9408;  <  Loyola  and  the  Jesuits,*  941 1; 
<The  Reign  of  Terror,*  9415;  < Trial  of  Warren  Hastings,*  9419; 

<The  Ballad  of  Horatius,*  9422-37;  <The  Battle  of  Ivry*  (ballad).  24     9437 
Historical    readings    from    Green, —  <  Battle    of    Hastings,*    17    6665; 

<  Rising  of  the  Barons  against  King  John,*  6666-70;  *  England's 
Growth  in  Commerce  and  Comfort  under  Elizabeth,*  6671;  <  Will- 
iam Pitt,*  6675-80;  < Attempt  on  the  Five  Members* 17  6680-82 

Readings  from  the  historian  Froude, —  <The  Growth  of  England's 
Navy,*  15  6064;  < Death  of  Colonel  Goring,*  6067-71;  < Scientific 
Method  Applied  to  History,*  6071-75;  <  Death  of  Thomas  Becket,* 
6076-83;  < Character  of  Henry  VIII.,*  6083-85;  <On  a  Siding  at  a 
Railway  Station  * 15   6086-100 

Historical  readings  from  Charles  Kingsley, —  <  Waiting  for  the  Ar- 
mada,* 22  8618-21;  <A  Puritan  Crusader* 22  8622-27 

Historical  readings  from  Goldwin  Smith, — <John  Pym,*  34  13540-47; 

<The  Puritan  Colonies* • 34   13547-55 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxHx 

Historical  readings  from  the  speeches  of  Edmund  Burke, — <  Concilia- 
tion with  America, >  7  2788-93;  <The  Nabob  of  Arcot's  Debts,* 
2793-802 ;  <  The  French  Revolution  > 7  2802-08 

Historical  readings  from  Justin  McCarthy, — ^«The  Accession  of  Queen 

Victoria,®  24  9441-50;  <A  Modern  English  Statesman  > 24  9450-54 

Historical    reading    from     Kinglake, — <The     Charge    of    the     Light 

Brigade  > 21  8605-10 

French. —  History  readings  from  De  Comines's  Chronicle, — <The  Vir- 
tues and  Vices  of  King  Louis  XI. ,>  10  3925-27  ;<  The  Last  Days  of 
Louis  XI.,>  3929-31 ;   < Character  of  Louis  XI.> 10  3932-34 

Historical  readings  from  Froissart 15  6041-58 

Historical  picture  readings  from  Brant&me, — <The  Dancing  of  Roy- 
alty,>  6  2322;  <The  Shadow  of  a  Tomb,>  3323;  <Two  Famous 
Entertainments  > 6  2325-27 

Readings  from  the  Memoirs  of  Saint-Simon,— <  The  Marriage,*  32 
12712;  <The  Portrait,*  12714;  <  Madame  de  Maintenon  at  the  Re- 
view,* 12715-18;  <A  Paragon  of  Politeness,*  12718-22;  <A  Modern 
Harpy* 32   12722-26 

FTeadings  from  speeches  and  letters  of  Mirabeau, — ^  Removal  of  the 
Troops   around   Paris,*  25   10081-85;  *  Elegy  on    Franklin,*  10085; 

<  Letter  to  the  King  of  Prussia,*  100S6;  other  Letters 25   10090-96 

Manzoni's    ode   on  the    death    of    Napoleon,    24    9672;   Maine   on  the 

effect  of  the  Code  Napoleon 24     9610 

Historical  readings  from  Thierry, —  <  The  True  History  of  Jacques 
Bonhomme,*    37    14805-10;    <The    Battle   of   Hastings,*    14810-14; 

<The   Story  of   Fortunatus  *   37   14814-20 

Historical  readings  from  the  French  of  Thiers, — <  Why  the  Revolution 
Came,*  3  7  14829-33 ;  <  The  Revolutionary  War  in  Western  France,* 
14834;  <The  Height  of  the  « Terror,**  >  14835-41;  <The  Policy  of 
Napoleon  in  Egypt,*  14841-43;  < Napoleon's  Address  to  His  Army 

after  Aboukir  * 37    14844 

Historical  readings  from  Rambaud, —  <  French  Governmental  Experi- 
ments,* 30  12044;   < Russian  Expansion  West   and  South,*    12045; 

<  Benefits  to  Germany  from  French  Invasions,*  12046;  <  Civil  Life 
in  France  During  the  Middle  Ages,*  12048-52;  <  French  Medical 
Science  During  the  Middle  Ages,*  12052-57;  *  The  Middle  Ages  *  30  12058-60 

Historical  readings   from   Michelet, — <The   Death   of  Jeanne   D'Arc,* 

25  9985-90;  *  Michel  Angel o,*  9990-93;  <The  Renaissance* 25     9993 

Historical  readings  from  Gaston  Boissier, — <  Madame  de  Sevigne  as  a 
Letter  Writer,*  5  2152-55;  <  French  Society  in  the  Seventeenth 
Century,*  2155;  <How  Horace  Lived  at  His  Country  House*  ...   5   2157-62 

Readings  of  historical  criticisms  from  Taine, — <  Characteristics  of  the 
English  Mind,*  36  14409-11;  <Typical  English  Men  and  Women,* 
144x2-14;  <The  Race  Characters  Expressed  in  Art,*  14415-27; 
<The  Comedy  of  Manners  at  Versailles,*  14427-34;  <The  Tastes 
of  Good  Society,*  14434-41;  <  Polite  Education,*  14441-45;  <Draw- 

ing-Room  Life,*  14445-48;  <The  Disarming  of  Character* 36   14449-52 

z9 


Cdl  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Readings  historical  and  critical  from  De  Vogiie, — <  Death  of  William 
I.,  of  Germany, >  38  15442-45;  <  Realistic  Literature  and  the  Rus- 
sian Novel > 38  1 5445-48 

German. —  Historical  readings  from   Schiller, — <The   Iconoclasts,  >  33 

12909;  <The  Last  Interview  of  Orange  with  Egmont\ 33    12911 

Historical  readings  from  Ranke, — <  The  Fall  of  Strafford, >  30  12077- 
82;  <The  Rise  of  the  Jesuits  in  Germany, >  12083-88;  <  Last  Years 
of  Queen  Johanna, >  12088;  ^The  Battle  of  Novara  in  1513,^  12090; 

<  Maximilian  at  the  Diet  at  Worms  > 30    12092 

Historical    readings    from    Sismondi, — <  Boccaccio's    Decameron, ■>    34 

13474;  ^The  Troubadour,)  13475;  <  Italy  in  the  Thirteenth  Cent- 
ury,) 13476;  <A  Fifteenth-Century  Soldier,'  13479;  <The  Ruin  of 
Florence  and  its  Republic,  1530  ' 34  13481-86 

Spanish. —  Story  sketches  from  Castillo's  chronicle  of  the  Spanish  con- 
quest of  Mexico II  4614-19 

Las   Casas's   <Of  the   Island   of  Cuba,>  a  story  of  Spanish  cruelty  in 

Cuba  from  the  year  15 11 8  3335-38 

American. —  Historical   reading  by   John   Fiske,—  <  Ferdinand  Magel-  • 

Ian  > 1 4  578 1-96 

Historical  readings  from  Motley, —  <  Abdication  of  Charles  V.  of 
Spain,  >  26  10380-90;  <The  Spanish  Armada  Approaches  England, ' 
10390-96;  <The  Armada  Destroyed, >  10397-400;  <The  Fate  of 
John  of  Barneveld  > 26   10400-04 

Historical  readings  from  Prescott, —  <The  Melancholy  Night,  >  30 
11771-79;  <The  Spanish  Arabs,>  11779-86;  <The  Capture  of  the 
Inca,>    11787-94;   <The   Personal   Habits  of   Philip  II., >   11794-99; 

<  The  Spanish  Moors  Persecuted  into  Rebellion  > ...30  11799-804 

Capital  historical  reading,  <The  Battle  of  Ivry,>  by  H.  M.  Baird 3   1273-76 

Historical   readings    from  Francis   Parkman, —  <  Dominique  De  Gour- 

gues,>  28  11091-102;   <  Father  Brebeuf  and  His  Asscx;iates  in  the 

Huron  Mission,)  11103;  <The  Battle  of  the  Plains  of  Abraham >.  2 8  11109-13 

Historical  readings  from  Theodore  Roosevelt, —  <The  Indians  of  the 
Northwest,)  31  12385-90;  *  Backwoodsmen  and  Other  Early 
Types  >    31    12390-96 

Historical  readings  from  Bancroft, —  <The  Beginnings  of  Virginia,  > 
4  T439-41 ;  <Men  and  Government  in  Early  Massachusetts, '  1441-43; 
<King  Philip's  War,>    1443-45;   <The   New   Netherland,'    1445-48; 

<  Franklin,)    1448;    <  Wolfe   on  the    Plains   of   Abraham,)   1450-52; 

<  Washington) 4   1453-58 

Historical  reading  from  J.  G.   Palfrey, —  < Salem  Witchcraft) 28    10990 

Readings   of  American  literary  history  from   M.   C.   Tyler, —  <  Early 

Verse-Writing  in  New  England,)  37    15132-36;  <The  Declaration 

of  Independence  ) 37  15136-40 

Historical  readings  from  William  Wirt, —  <  Personal  Characteristics  of 
Patrick  Henry,)  39  16091-95;  <  Patrick  Henry's  First  Case,) 
16095-98 ;  *  Burr  and  Blennerhassett ) ....39  16098-100 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdU 

Historical  readings  from   Hildreth, —  <  Customs  of  the  Colonists,'    i8 

7373;  ^The  Capture  of  Andre,>  7375;  'James  Madison > 18     7379 

Mrs.   Abigail   Adams's   English  sketches   in    letters   from    London,   i 

loo-og ;  her  French  sketches  in  letters  from  Paris i    94-100 

Historical   readings   from    McMaster, —  <Town   and   Country    Life    in 

1800,)  24  9504-13;  <  Effects  of  the  Embargo  of  1807  > 24     9513 

Historical  readings  from  James  Parton, —  <Andrew  Jackson,>  28  11 125; 

tVoltaire> 28    11129-42 

Story  by  Miss  King  of  Jackson's  Battle  of  New  Orleans      21   8574-98 

Two  interesting  readings  from  Henry  Adams's  account  of  the  War  of 

1812,   I   111-16,  117-22;  the  same  author's  account  of  Hull's  naval 

victory i     122-26 

Historical  readings  from  Rufus  Choate,— <  The  Puritan, >  9  3657-59 ;  <  The 

New  Englander,>  3660 ;  <  The  American  Bar,>  3661 ;  <Daniel  "Webster>.  9  3663 
Historical  readings  from  James  Ford  Rhodes, —  <  Daniel  Webster,  >  31 

12208-13;  'Webster's   Death,'    12213;   'Improvement  in  American 

Health,'  12215-19;  'American  Manners  in  1850' ...31    12219-24 

Historical   story   readings  from    Grant's    Memoirs, —  'Early  Life,'  16 

6600-04;  'Grant's  Courtship,'  6605-07;  'A  Texan  Experience,'  6608; 

<  Surrender  of  General  Lee  * 16  6609-14 

Puritan  history  reading  from  Edward  Eggleston, —  'Roger  Williams; 

the  Prophet  of  Religious  Freedom ' 13   5219-24 

Historical  story  reading  from  Thomas  Nelson  Page, —  'The  Burial  of 

the  Guns ' 28  10939-60 


HUMOROUS   READINGS 

Humorous  readings  from  Paulding, — 'Pliny  the  Younger,'  28  11196; 
'A  Woman's  Privilege,'  11200-05;  'Sybrandt  Receives  Back  his 
Estate  ' 28  11206-09 

Witty  readings  from  Charles  Calverley, — 'Ballad,'  7  3 no;  'Lovers,' 
3111;  'Visions,'  3112;  'Changed,'  3114;  'Thoughts  of  a  Railway 
Station,'  3115  ;  'Forever' 7        31 16 

Humorous  reading  from  Haliburton's  'The  Clockmaker,' — 'Mr.  Samuel 

Slick ' 17  6849-52 

Humorous  readings  from  Mark  Twain, — 'The  Child  of  Calamity,'  9 
3789-93;  'Steam-Boat  Landing  at  a  Small  Town,'  3794;  'The 
High  River:  and  a  Phantom  Pilot,'  3795-801;  'An  Enchanting 
River  Scene,'  3801-03;  'The  Lightning  Pilot,'  3803-06;  'An  Ex- 
pedition Against  Ogres,'  3806-12;  'The  True  Prince' 9  3813-20 

Humorous  readings  from  Artemus  Ward, — 'Edwin  Forrest  as  Othello,' 
6  2465-67;  'High-handed  Outrage  at  Utica,'  2467;  'Affairs  Round 
the  Village  Green,'  2468;  'Mr.  Pepper,'  2469;  'Horace  Greeley's 
Ride  to  Placerville  ' 6        2470 

Humorous    story    reading    by    Rose    Terry    Cooke, — 'The    Reverend 

Tliomas  Tucker  as  a  Parson ' 10  3974-84 

Humorous    reading  from  Mrs.    Slosson, — <  Butterneggs '    (a   complete 

story) 34   13490-507 


Cdlii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Humorous    story    reading    from    Frank    R.    Stockton, — <The    Casting 

Away  of  Mrs.  Leeks  and  Mrs.  Aleshine  > 35    1 3992-4012 

Humorous  plantation  negro  stories  from  Joel  Chandler  Harris, — ^Why 
Brother  Wolf  Didn't  Eat  the  Little  Rabbits,>  17  6963;  <  Brother 
Mud  Turtle's  Trickery,>  6967 ;  <  Uncle  Remus  at  the  Telephone  >  .  i  7     6971 

<  How  Persimmons  Took  Care  of  der  Baby  > 40    16403 

< Christmas  Night  in  the  Quarters, >  41    16691;  < Nebuchadnezzar >.  .    .41    16697 
Readings  of  satire  and  humor  from   Swift, — <On  Abolishing  Christ- 
ianity,>    36    14265;     <  Gulliver    Among    the    Pigmies,^    14267-74; 

<  Gulliver    Among    the    Giants,>    14275-79;     <The    Houyhnhnms,* 
14280-87 ;  <  The  Struldbrugs  > 36    14287 

Humorous  story  readings  from  Smollett,— < A  Naval  Surgeon's  Ex- 
amination,>  34  13579-S2;  <  Roderick  Pressed  into  the  Navy,> 
13582-87;  (Roderick  Visits  a  Gaming-House,>  13587-90;  <01d- 
Fashioned  Love-Making,>  13590-94;  ^Humphrey  Clinker> 34  13594-600 

Humorous  readings  from  Sterne, — <The  Widow  Wadman  Lays  Siege 
to  Uncle  Toby's  Heart,>  35  13903;  <The  Story  of  Le  Fevre,> 
13904-12;  <The  Start,)  13912;  <The  Monk,>  13914;  <The  Dead 
Ass,>  13916;  <The  Pulse, >  13918;  <The  Starling,>  13921-24;  <In 
Languedoc :  An  Idyl  > 35    13925 

Canning's  <The  Friend  of  Humanity  and  the  Knif e-Grinder  >  (a  dia- 
logue), 8  3194;  humorous  dramatic  recitation, — ^Rogero's  Solilo- 
quy^  8  3192-94 

Readings  from  « Father  Prout,»—<  Father  Prout,>  27  10848;  <The 
Shandon  Bells,>  10851;  <Don  Ignacio  Loyola's  Vigil,>  10853;  ^Mal- 
brouck,)  10854;  <The  Song  of  the  Cossack> 27    10855 

Humorous  readings  from  R.  H.  Barham, — ^As  I  Laye  A-Thynkynge,  >  4 

1509;  <The  Devil's  Dinner-Party,>  151 1-22;  <A  Lay  of  St.  Nicholas  >.  4  1522-29 

Two  readings  from  Arbuthnot's  <  History  of  John  Bull  > 2    726-29 

Humorous-pathetic  selections  from  Locker-Lampson, — <  The  Skele- 
ton in  the  Cupboard,>  23  9114;  <My  Neighbor  Rose,>  9116;  <The 
Rose  and  the  Ring,>  9118;  <To  My  Grandmother,)  9119;  <Advice 
to  a  Poet,)  9121 ;  <The  Jester's  Plea* 23      9123 

Humorous  readings  from  W.  S.  Gilbert, — <  Captain  Reece,)  16  6334- 
36;  < The  Yarn  of  the  Nancy  Bell,)  6336-38;  <The  Bishop  of  Rum- 
Ti-Foo,)  6339-41;  <Gentle  Alice  Brown,)  6341-43;  <The  Captain 
and  the  Mermaids ) 16  6343-46 

<The  Pauper's  Drive,)  4  i   16765  ;  <  Smith  of  Maudlin )  ....    41    16800 

<01d  Grimes,)  41  16683;  < Rhyme  of  the  Rail,).  16689;  <The  V-a-s-e,) 
16693;  <The  Vicar  of  Bray,)  16699;  <St.  Anthony's  Sermon  to  the 
Fishes,)  16700;  <The  Vagabonds) 41    16762 

Comic  dramatic  reading  from    Foote, — <How  to   be  a   Law^'er,)    15 

5879-82 ;  nuggets  of  wit  from  Foote's  Memoirs 15   5883-88 

Dramatic  comedy  readings  from  Congreve, — <Mrs.  Foresight  and 
Mrs.  Frail  Come  to  an  Understanding,)  10  3948;  <  Angelica's  Pro- 
posal,* 3950-53 ;  <  Almeria  in  the  Mausoleum ) 10  3954-56 

Humorous   dramatic  reading    from   Colman's    <The  Jealous  Wife,) — 

<  The  Eavesdropping ) 10  3902-08 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdliii- 

Irish  humorous  readings  from  Gerald  Griffin,— <Myles  Murphy  on  Be- 
half of  his  Ponies, >  17  6700-06;  <  How  Mr.  Daly  Rose  from 
Breakfast,*  6706-11;  (poetical)— <  Old  Times,>  6712;  <A  Place  in 
thy  Memory,  Dearest  > 17     6713 

Humorous  readings  from  Rabelais, —  <The  Childhood  of  Gargantua,> 
30  12006;  *The  Education  of  Gargantua,*  12009-18;  <The  Abbey 
Thelema  > 30  12019-26 

Humorous    reading    from    Morier's    <Hajji    Baba,> — <How   the    Shah 

Took  Physic,  or  Haj ji  as  a  Quack  >  26  10305-17 

LITERARY   READINGS 

Greek.— Readings  from  the  <  Attic  Nights  >  of  Aulus  Gellius, —  <The 
Vestal  Virgins,*  16  6255;  <The  Roman  Senate,*  6256;  < Plutarch 
and  his  Slave,*  6257;  <One  of  Solon's  Laws,*  6258;  <The  Nature 
of  Sight,*  6259;  <Earliest  Libraries,*  6259;  <Reahstic  Acting,* 
6259 ;  <  The  Athlete's  End  * 16     6260 

Latin. —  Literary  readings  from  Cicero, — <On  Literature  and  Poetry,* 
9  3687-gi;  <  Honors  Proposed  for  a  Dead  Statesman,*  3692;  <01d 
Friends  Better  Than  New,*  3693;  <  Honored  Old  Age,*  3694;  < Death 
Welcome  to  the  Old,*  3695 ;  <  Great  Orators  and  their  Training,*  3696 ; 
letters  by  Cicero  and  his  friends,  3700-16;  <The  Dream  of  Scipio*.  .9  3717-24 

English. —  Example  from  the  first  book  written  in  English  by  a  woman 

(1496) 4   1835.   1836 

Literary  readings  from  Steele, — 'On  Behavior  at  Church,*  35  13878; 
<Mr.  Bickerstaff  Visits  a  Friend,*  13881-85;  <On  Coflfee-Houses,* 
13885-88;  <On  Public  Mourning,)  13888;  <On  the  Art  of  Growing 
Old,*  13891-94;  <On  Flogging  at  Schools,*  13894-97;  <The  Art  of 
Story-Telling  * 35    13897 

Addison  on  the  ^Vanity  of  Human  Life  * i  164 

Addison's  <  Essay  on  Fans  * i  168 

Two  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  sketches  by  Addison i   158,  161 

Poetical  and  table-talk  readings  from  Rogers, — <Ginevra,*  3  i  12347-49; 
opening  and  closing  lines  from  the  <  Pleasures  of  Memory,  * 
12349-51 ;   <Table-Talk   Recollections* 31    12352-56 

Readings  from  Leigh  Hunt, — <Jaffdr,*  19  7794;  <The  Nile,*  7795;  <Abou 

Ben  Adhem,*  7796  ;<  The  Old  Lady,*  7797-800;  <  The  Old  Gentleman*  19  7800-04 

Literary  reading  from    Hazlitt, — <  Persons  One  Would  Wish  to  Have 

Seen* 18  7119-30 

Literary  readings  from'  Isaac  Disraeli, — <  Poets,  Philosophers,  and  Art- 
ists Made  by  Accident,*  1 2  4727-30 ;  <  The  Martyrdom  of  Charles  I  *i  2  4730-32 

Readings  from  Thomas  de  Quincey, — < Charles  Lamb,*  11  4561-64; 
*  Despair,*  4565;  <The  Dead  Sister,*  4566-70;  <Levana  and  Our 
Ladies  of  Sorrow,*  4571-75;  <  Savannah-La-Mar,*  4575-77;  <The 
Bishop  of  Beauvais  and   Joan  of  Arc  * .11      4578 

Readings  from  W.  E.  Henley, — <  Midsummer  Days  and  Nights,*  18 
7238;  <  Longfellow  and  the  Water-World,*  7238;  <  Out  of  the  Night 
that  Covers  Me,*  7240;  <  Oh,  Time  and  Change  * 18      7240 


Cdliv  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Readings  of  sentiment:  AUingham's  < Lovely  Mary  Donnelly/  i  437; 
and  <St.  Margaret's  Eve,>  i  433;  <Love  Will  Find  Out  the  Way,* 

4  o    16347 ;  <  Love  me  Little,  Love  me  Long  > 40    16348 

Readings  of  prose-poetry  from  Richard  Jefferies,   ^Hill   Visions, >  20 

8216-22 ;  <  The  Breeze  on  Beachy  Head  > 20  8222-2S 

Literary  readings  from   Frederic  Harrison, — *The  Use  and  Selection 

of    Books  > 17  6976-84 

French. —  Character  readings  from  La  Bruyere, — <  Fashion, >  22    8762; 

<  Cydias  *  (depicting  Fontenelle) 22     8765 

Critical  literary  readings  from  Boileau, — ^Advice  to  Authors,*  5  2144- 

46;  < Pastoral,  Elegy,  Ode,  and  Epigram,*  2146-49;  <To  Moliere*.5  2149-51 

Letters  of  wit  and  gossip  by  Madame  du  Deffand 11    4472-78 

M.   Sarcey  on   <  How  a  Lecture  Is  Prepared,*  32   12826-35;    <  Further 

Hints  on  Lectunng  * 32   12835-36 

Reading    from    Diderot's    <Rameau's    Nephew,*   greatly   admired    by 

Goethe 12   4692,  4693-703 

Examples  of  the   Gastric   Philosophy  of  Savarin, — <0n  the   Love   of 

Good  Living,*  6  2369-74;  <On  People  Fond  of    Good  Living*...   6  2374-80 
Bohemian  stor};^  readings  from  Murger, — <  A  Bohemian  Evening  Party,* 

26  10475-80;  <The  White  Violets* 26    10480-86 

American. —  Literary  readings  from  G.  W.  Curtis, — <  The  Mist  at  New- 
port,* 104225;  < Nazareth,*  4226;  <Aurelia  as  a  Grandmother,*  4228; 
<Prue's  Magnolia,*  4229;  <  Our  Cousin  the  Curate,*  4231;  <The 
Charm  of  Paris,*  4233;    <  Pharisaism  of  Reform,*  4234;   <The  Call 

of  Freedom,*  4236 ;  <  Robert  Browning  in  Florence  * 10  4237-40 

Stedman  on  the  <  Future  of  American  Poetry  * 35   13870-74 

A  < Reverie*  reading  from  Ik  Marvel, — *Over  a  Wood  Fire* 25    10112 

^Bookstores  and  Books,*  by  H.  W.  Beecher .4  1720-23 

<  Peter   Rugg  the   Bostonian,*   41    16956-60;    <The  Mystery  of  Cro-a- 

tkn  * 41   16961-64 

Swedish.— « The  Ox  and  the  Cow,**  a  capital  reading  by  Almquist .  .1  441 

Almquist's  story  of  <  A  New  Undine  * i    442-45 

German. —  Readings  from  Richter,  sentiment  and  thought,  <  Consola- 
tion,* 31   12252;   <The   New  Year's   Night  of  a    Miserable   Man,* 

12253-55 ;     Thoughts  and  Maxims    31    12255-64 

Prose  from  Heinrich  Heine, — <  Maxims  and  Descriptions,*  18  7200-02; 
*  Marie,*  7203;  <Gottingen,*  7204-07;  <  The  Supper  on  the  Brocken,* 
7207-11;    <Life   and    Old   Age,>    7212;    <  Diisseldorf,>    7213;    <The 

Philistine  of  Berlin,*  7217 ;  <  Heine's  Visit  to  Goethe  * 18      7220 

< A  Peasant's  Thoughts,*  by  Johanna  Ambrosius • i    447-51 

Chinese. —  Selected  Chinese  maxims 9  3643-48 

ORATORICAL   READINGS 

Greek.— Oratorical  readings  from  Demosthenes, —<  The  Third  Philip- 
pic,* II  4541-52;  <  Against  License  of  Speech,*  4552;  <  Justification 
of  His  Patriotic  Policy  * n      4553 

Latin.—  Cicero  on  <  Great  Orators  and  Their  Training  * 9  3696-99 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OP   INTEREST  cdlv 

Readings  from  Quintilian's  Institutes  of  Oratory,— <  Object  of  the 
Work,'  30  1 1986;  Early  Practice  of  Composition, >  11987;  <  Nature 
and  Art  in  Oratory,'  11989;  <  Style,'  11990,  <The  Handling  of  Wit- 
nesses in  Court,'  11993-96;  On  Homer,'  11997;  <Virgil  and  Other 
Roman  Poets,'  1 1998 ;     Historians  and  Orators ' 301 1999 

French.  — Historical  and  oratorical  readings  from  Bossuet, —  <The 
Unity  of  the  Church,'  5  2218;  <  Henrietta  of  France,'  2219;  <The 
Great  Rebellion'  (in  England),  2221-25;  *  Universal  History,' 
2225 ,  <  Public  Spirit  in  Rome ' 5        2226 

German. —  From  a  speech  by  Bismarck  in  the  German  imperial  diet 

on  the  Army  Bill 5  1955-58 

English.  —  Oratorical  readings  from  Grattan,  —  <The  Character  of 
Chatham,'  16  6616  ;  < Injustice  to  Catholics,'  6617-20;  <The  Down- 
fall of  Bonaparte ' 16  6620-22 

Oratorical  readings  from  the  speeches  of  John  Bright, — <0n  the  Corn 
Laws,'  6  2356-58;  <On  Incendiarism  in  Ireland,'  2358-59;  <On 
Recognition  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,'  2360;  <0n  the  State 
of  Ireland,'  2361-63;  <0n  the  Irish  Established  Church' 6        2363 

American. —  Oratorical  readings  from  Patrick  Henry, — <The  Alterna- 
tive,' 1 8  7242 ;  <  The  Return  of  the  Refugees ' 18     7244 

Readings  of  oratorical  thought  from  John  C.  Calhoun, — <  Remarks  on 
the  Right  of  Petition,'  7  3089-94;  <  State  Rights,'  3094-97;  <The 
Government  of  Poland,'  3097-98;  < Urging  Repeal  of  the  Missouri 
Compromise ' 7  3098-100 

Readings  of  eloquence  from  Daniel  Webster, — <The  American  Idea,' 
38  15736-42;  < Massachusetts  and  South  Carolina,'  15743;  *  Liberty 
and  Union,'  15744-46;  <The  Drum-Beat  of  England,'  15747;  *  Im- 
aginary Speech  of  John  Adams,'  15748-51;  <The  Continuity  of 
the  Race ' 38   1 575 1-57 

Oratorical  readings  from  Edward  Everett, — <The  Emigration  of  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers,'  14  5607;  <The  Inevitable  March  of  Improve- 
ment,' 5609 ;  <  The  American  Revolution ' 14      561 1 

Readings  of  radical  oratory  from  Charles  Sumner, — <  In  Time  of 
Peace  Prepare  for  War,'  36  14223-28;  <Some  Changes  in  Modern 
Life,'  14228-31;  <  The  True  Grandeur  of  Nations,'  14231-33; 
<  Spirit  of  Classical  and  of  Modern  Literature,'  14233;  <The  Dig- 
nity of  the  Jurist,'  14234;  <Allston  in  Italy' 36    14235 

Oratorical  readings  from  Abraham  Lincoln, —  <The  Perpetuation  of 
Our  Political  Institutions,'  23  9065;  <From  Speech  at  Cooper 
Institute,'  9066-69;  <From  First  Inaugural  Address,'  9070-74; 
<The  Gettysburg  Address,'  9074;  < Second  Inaugural  Address,'.    .23     9075 


Cdlvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

POETICAL   READINGS:   FROM  POETS  AND   SINGERS  OF  ALL 

LITERATURES 

Egyptian  Poetical  Readings. —  <  Songs  of  Laborers,*  13  5300;  <Love 
Songs,*  5301,  5302;  <Hymn  to  Usertesen  III.,>  the  most  remarkable 
known  example  of  Egyptian  poetry,  5303-05;  <  Hymn  to  the  Aten,> 
5306-09;  < Hymns  to  Amen  Ra'*  (the  supreme  Sun  god),  5309-15; 
<Songs  to  the  Harp,>  5316-18;  <An  Epitaph,*  5318;  *  Dialogue 
between  a  Man  and  His  Soul  * 13      5319 

India. —  Four    choice  readings  from  Edwin  Arnold's   <  Pearls  of  the 
Faith,*  — < After   Death,*    2    835;    < Solomon   and   the   Ant,*    837; 
<God    Is    Enough*  and  <When  the  Trumpet  Shall  Sound* 2  838,  839 

An  Indian  Hot  Wave  translated  from  the  Sanskrit  of  Kalidasa 2    840-43 

Two    Buddha   readings    from    Arnold's    <The    Light  of  Asia,* — <The 

Youth  of  Buddha,*  2  820-24;  <The  Pure  Sacrifice  of  Buddha*  .  .  .2    824-30 

Poems  of  Modern  India  by  Torn  Dutt, — <  Shell  Bracelets,*  13  5077-82; 

<  Our  Casuarina-Tree  * 13  5082,  5083 

Greek. —  Readings    from     Homer, —  From    the    Iliad, — <The    Trojan 

Elders,*  19  7562;  <  Paris,  Hector,  and  Helen,*  7562;  < Hector  to 
His  Wife,*  7563;  <  Father  and  Son,*  7564;  <  Achilles  Refuses  to 
Aid  the  Greeks,*  7565;  < Hector  Pursued  by  Achilles,*  7566;  <  Hec- 
tor's Funeral  Rites,*  7568;  From  the  Odyssey, — <The  Episode  of 
Nausicaa,*  six  passages,  two  of  which  are  in  a  prose  version  .19   7568-78 

Homeric  Hymn  readings, —  ^Origin  of  the  Lyre,*  19  7581;  < Golden 
Aphrodite,*  7583;  < Dionysus  and  the  Pirates,*  7584;  <  Close  of  the 
Hymn  to  Apollo,*  7585  ;  <  Hymn  to  Demeter  * 19  7586-88 

Homeric  reading  from  Chapman's  translation, —  <  Ulysses  and  Nau- 
sicaa*  9  3527-30 

Greek   readings   from   Hesiod, —  <  Pandora,*    18    7328;    < Tartarus  and 

the   Styx,*  7329 ;   <  Maxims  * 18      7331 

From  Sappho, —  A  collection   of  extant   fragments,  32   12817-22;  <To 

Aphrodite,*  12823  ;  <  To  the   Beloved  * 32    12824 

Classical    Greek    reading   from    Moschus,  —  <  Lamentation   for    Bion  * . 

26  10361-64 

« Wealth  Makes  the  Man,**  from  the  Greek  of  Alcseus i  272 

Seven  choice  lyrics  from  the  Greek  of  Alcaeus, — <The  Palace,*  i  269; 
<A  Banquet  Song,*  270;  <An   Invitation,*  270;  <The  Storm,*  271; 

<  The  Poor  Fisherman,*  271;  <The  State,*  271;  <  Poverty* i  272 

Nine  choice  poetical  gems  from  Anacreon, — *  Drinking,*  2  494;  <Age,* 

495;  <The  Epicure,*  495;  <  Gold,*  496;  <The  Grasshopper,*  497; 
<The   Swallow,*  497;  <The   Poet's  Choice,*  498;   < Drinking,*  499; 

<  A  Lover's  Sigh  * 2  499 

< Hymn  to  Jupiter,*  by  Callimachus 7        3103 

From  Simonides, — <  Danae's  Lament,*  34   13467;  From  the  <  Ode  for 

Scopas,*  13468;  <  Inscription  for  an  Altar  to  Artemis,*  13468;  <  Epi- 
taph for  Those  Who  Fell  at  Thermopylae,*  13469;  <Time  is  Fleet- 
ing,* 13469;  < Virtue,  Coy  and  Hard  to  Win,*  13470;  *Four  Epi- 
taphs*  34   13470 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OF  INTEREST  cdlvil 

Greek  Odes  from  Pindar,— In  prose  version,— <  First  Olympian  Ode> 
(For  a  Winner  in  the  Horse  Race  B.  C.  476),  29  11492;  <  Second 
Olympian    Ode>    (On    a  Winner    in    the    Chariot    Race),    11494; 

<  Third   Olympian    Ode,>    11497;    < Seventh    Olympian    Ode>    (For 
a    Winner    in    the   Boxing-Match),    11498;    In   poetical   version, — 

<  First   Pythian   Ode  > 29  11501-05 

Greek  readings  from  Theognis,— <  Fame    from    the  Poet's  Songs, >  37 

14791;  < Worldly  Wisdom,>  14792;  <  Desert  a  Beggar  Born,>  14793; 

< A  Savage  Prayer) 37    i4793 

< A  Rainy  Day  on  the  Farm>  and  <The  Harvest* 2  778 

<  The  Poet's  Apology, '  by  Aristophanes 2  770 

Aristotle's  <  Hymn  to  Virtue  > 2  801 

Readings  from  the  idyls  of  Theocritus,— <  The  Song  of  Thyrsis,>  37 
14774-76;  <The  Love  of  Sim£etha,>  14776;  <The  Songs  of  the 
Reapers,)  14778;  <The  Harvest  Feast,)  14780;  <The  Song  of 
Lycidas,)  14781 ;  <The  Song  of  Simichidas,)  14782-84;  <The  Festi- 
val of  Adonis ) 3  7  14784-88 

Latin. —  Readings  from  Virgil,— <  The  First  Eclogue,)  38  15425-27; 
<My  Heart's  Desire,)  15427-29;  <The  Fall  of  Troy,)  15430-33; 
<The  Curse  of  Queen  Dido,)  15433-34;  <The  Vision  of  the  Fu- 
ture)   38  15434-38 

Readings  from  the  Latin  poet  Horace,— < To  the  Ship  of  State,)  19 
7628;  <To  Virgil,)  7629;  '^An  Invitation  to  Maecenas,)  7632;  <The 
Tempest,)    7633;    <  Satire,)   7634;    < Contentment,)    7636;    <  Horace's 

Farm,)  7637;  ^To  His  Book,>  7637;  <The  Art  of  Poetry) 19     7638 

Readings  of  Latin  poetry  from  Ovid, — <On  the  Death  of  Corinna's 
Parrot,)  28  10922;  <From  Sappho's  Letter  to  Phaon,)  10923;  <A 
Soldier's  Bride,)  10924;  <The  Creation,)  10925;  'Baucis  and  Phile- 
mon,) 10926-30;  <A  Grewsome  Lover,)  10931-34;  <The  Sun-God's 
Palace,)  10934;   ^A  Transformation,)   10934;    < Effect  of  Orpheus's 

Song  in  Hades,)  10935 ;  *  The  Poet's  Fame ) 28    10936 

Readings  of  Latin  elegy  from  TibuUus, — <The  Pleasures  of  a  Coun- 
try Life,)  37  14935-37;  < Written  in  Sickness  at  Corcjrra,)  14937- 
39;   <The   Rural   Deitjes,)    14940;   <Love  in  the   Country,)    14941 ; 

<  To  Cerinthus,  On  His  Birthday ) 37    14942 

Readings  from  the  Latin  elegies  of  Propertius, — <  Beauty  Unadorned,) 

30  1 1864;  <To  Tullus,)  11S64;  <To  Cynthia,)  11865;  <To  Caius 
Cilnius  Maecenas,)  11866;  <To  the  Muse,)  11867;  <The  Immor- 
tality of  Genius,)  11868;  ^Cornelia) 30    11869 

Readings  from  satires  of  Nero's  time  by  Petronius 29  11388-96 

Readings    from    Juvenal's    satires, — <  Farewell    to    Rome,)    21    8420; 

< Terrors  of  Conscience,)  8422 ;  < Parental  Influence) 21      8423 

Epigrams  from  Martial , '. 24  9753-58 

Readings  from  later  Roman  poetry, — <  Roses,)  by  Annius  Florus,  3  i 
12363;    <The    Emperor    Hadrian   to.  His    Soul,)  12364;    From   the 

<  Pervigilium  Veneris,)  12364;  <The  Rustic  in  the  Amphitheatre,) 
by  Calpurnius  Siculus,  12365;  <  Idyl  of  the  Roses,)  by  Ausonius, 
12367;  <A  Mother's  Epitaph,)  12368;  <  The  Bereavement  of  Ceres,* 


Cdlviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

and  <  Invocation  to  Victory,)  by  Claudianus,  12369;  <  Prologue,* 
12370;  <The   Government   of  the   World,*  by   Boethius,  12370-71; 

<  The  Hymn  of  Philosophy,*  by  Boethius 31    12372 

Nine  choice  selections  from  ^lianus  of  second  century  A.  D. i     173-77 

Latin  reading  with  translation  from  Adam  De  Saint  Victor  ...    32    12729 

Arabic  Poetical  Readings. — <  Description  of  a  Mountain  Storm,*  2  676; 
<A  Lament  for  Desertion  of  Home,*  677-79;  <  Rebuke  to  a  Mis- 
chief-Maker,*  679;  <A  Lament  for  the  Afflictions  of  His  Tribe,* 
680;  <A  Fair  Lady,*  681;  <  The  Death  of 'Abdallah,*  681;  <A  Pic- 
ture of  Womanhood,*  682;  <Zeynab  at  the  Ka'bah,*  683;  <The 
Unveiled  Maid,*  684;  <A  Eulogy  of  Valor  and  Culture,*  684-85; 
<Nusaib,*   a   slave,    wife,     and    mother,    686;    < Vengeance,*    686; 

<  Patience,*  687;  <  On  a  Lost  Love,*  687;  <An  Address  to  the 
Beloved,*  688;  <A  Foray,*  688;  <  Fatality,*  688;  <  Implacability,* 
689;  <  Parental  Affection,*  689;  <A  Tribesman's  Valor,*  690; 
<The  Prayer  of  Al-Hariri,*  697;  <The  Words  of  Hareth  Ibn- 
Hammam  * 2    698-71 

Arabic  semi-poetical  tale, — <The  Caliph  Omar  and  the  Poets* 2    701-04 

Persian. —  Poetical  readings  from  the  Persian  poet  Firdausi, — <  Ruda- 
bah  Discloses  Her  Love,*  14  5739-45;  <  The  Death  of  Darius,* 
5745-48;  <A  Warrior's  Victory,*  5749;  <  Satire  on  Mdhmud,*  5750; 

<  Prince  Sohrdb  * 14  5752-54 

Fitzgerald's  version  of  the  Persian  Omar  Khayydm 21  8549-63 

Persian  poetical  romance  reading  from  Nizami 27   10666-71 

Readings   from    the   Persian   of   Sa'di, — <A  Meditation,*  32   12637-40; 

<The  Orphan,*  12640;  <Humility,*  12641 ;  <  Self-Control, *  12642; 
<Keep  Your  Own  Secret,*  12642;  < Bringing  Up  of  a  Son,*  12643; 
< Humanity,*  12645;  < Sa'di  and  the  Ring,*  12646;  < Sa'di  at  the 
Grave  of  His  Child,*  12646;  <  Sa'di  the  Captive  Gets  a  Wife,* 
12647;  <  How  the  Student  Saved  Time,*  12648;  <A  Powerful 
Voice,*  12649;  *-A-  Valuable  Voice,*  12650;  <The  Grass  and  the 
Rose,*  12651;  ^A  Witty  Philosopher,*  12651 ;  ^Stupidity,*  12652; 
<Death  of  the  Poor,*  12653;  *The  Worst  Enemy,*  12653;  <  Maxims,* 
12654;   'Shabli  and   the  Ant,*  12654;    ^Sa'di's    Interview  with  the 

Sultan,*  12655;    *  Supplication,*  12656;  <Be  Content* 32    12658 

Odes  from  the  Persian  of  Hafiz 17  6796-806 

Persian    poetical   readings   from    Jami, — <Love,*    20    8111;    < Beauty,* 

8113;  <Zulaikha's  First  Dream,*  8115;  <  Silent  Sorrow* 20     8ri6 

An  early  Anglo-Saxon  poem  of  Heaven  our  Home 2  547 

An  extended  passage  from  <  Beowulf,*  2  558-61;  <Deor's  Lament*...  2  561 
<The  Wanderer,*  <The  Seafarer,*  and  <The  Fortunes  of  Men,*  three 

examples  of  Anglo-Saxon  poetry  of  high  character 2  563-68 

A  passage  from  Cynewulf's  <  Judith*  and  <The  Fight  at  Maldon,*  fine 

Anglo-Saxon  examples 2  569-71 

Cynewulf :  Four  important  poems  of  high  quality 2  552,  553 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlix 

Anglo-Saxon  poems  by  King  Alfred, —  <  Where  to  Find  True  Joy,> 
I  396,  397;  *A  Sorrowful  Fytte,>  both  translated  from  Boe- 
thius I  398 

Ancient  Scottish  dialect  poetical  readings  from  William  Dunbar, — 
<The  Thistle  and  the  Rose,>  12  5066;  <  The  Golden  Targe,  >  5067; 
<  No  Treasure  Avails  without  Gladness  > 12      5068 

Scottish  Ossianic  ballad,— <  The  Fian  Banners, >  27  10871-73;  another 

Ossianic  ballad,— <  Lament  for  the  Sons  of  Usnach> 27   10877-79 

Examples  of  famous  English  and  Scotch  ballads,— <  Robin  Hood  and 
Guy  of  Gisborne,>  3  1312-19;  <The  Hunting  of  the  Cheviot,> 
1319-26;  <Johnie  Cock,>  1326-29;  <Sir  Patrick  Spens,>  1329;  <The 
Bonny  Earl  of  Murray,>  1330;  <Mary  Hamilton,>  1331-33;  *  Bonnie 
George  Campbell, >  1333;  <  Bessie  Bell  and  Mary  Gray,>  1334; 
^The  Three  Ravens,>  1334;  <Lord  Randal,>  1335;  <Edward,>  1336; 
<The  Twa  Brothers,*  1337;  < Babylon;  Or  the  Bonnie  Banks  o' 
Fordie,>  1339;  <Childe  Maurice,>  1340-43;  <The  Wife  of  Usher's 
Well,>  1344 ;  <  Sweet  William's  Ghost > 3   1345-47 

Readings  of  genuine  Scotch  poetry  from  Allan  Ramsay, — <The  Gen- 
tle Shepherd,)  30  12063-69;  < Bessy  Bell  and  Mary  Gray,>  12069; 
<Lochaber  no  More,>  12070;  <An  Thou  Were  my  Ain  Thing,  > 
12071 ;  < A  Sang,>  12072;  <The  Highland  Lassie> 30  12072-73 

Delightful  readings  from  the  Scotch  plays  and  poems  of  Joanna  Bail- 
lie, — <Woo'd  and  Married  and  A',>  3  1257;  Ht  Was  on  a  Morn 
When  we  Were  Thrang,>  1259;  <Fy.  Let  us  A'  to  the  Wedding,> 
1260-62;  <The  Weary  Fund  O'  Tow,*  1262;  <A  Tragedy  Scene,* 
1263-65;  <To  Mrs.  Siddons,*  1265;  <A  Scotch  Song,>  1266;  < Poverty 
Parts  Good  Company,*  1268;  <The  Kitten  * 3   1269-71 

Readings  of  Scotch  poetry  from  Motherwell, —  <When  I  Beneath  the 
Cold,  Red  Earth  Am  Sleeping,*  26  10366;  <Jeanie  Morrison,'' 
10367;  *My  Held  is  Like  to  Rend,  Willie,*  10369;  <May  Morn 
Song'   26    10371 

Scottish  poetic  readings  from  James  Hogg, — <When  Maggy  Gangs 
Away,*  18  7404;  <The  Skylark,*  7405;  <  Donald  M'Donald,*  7405; 
<  When  the  Kye  Comes  Hame  *   18      7407 

Scotch  lyrical  readings  from  Lady  Nairne, — <The  Land  O' the  Leal,* 
27  10545;  *The  Hundred  Pipers,*  10546;  < Caller  Herrin',*  10547; 
<The  Auld  House,*  10548;  <The  Laird  O'  Cockpen,*  10549; 
<Wha'll  be  King  but  Charlie?*  10551;  <Will  Ye  No  Come  Back 
Again?*  10552;  <Gude-Nicht,*  10553;  < Would  Yoli  be  Young 
Again?* 27    10553 

Scotch  ballad:  < There's  Nae  Luck  about  the  House* 40    16442 

Scottish  readings:  <  Auld  Robin  Gray  * ....40    16383 

Scotch  ballad:  <  Adieu  for  Evermore  * 40    16439 

Readings  from  the  fables  and  ballads  of  John  Gay, — <  The  Hare  and 
Many  Friends,*  15  6241;  <The  Sick  Man  and  the  Angel,*  6242; 
<The  Juggler,*  6244;  'Sweet  William's  Farewell  to  Black-Eyed 
Susan* 15     6245 


cdlx  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Ballads:  <The  Wedding  of  Pale  Bronwen,>  41  16921 ;  <The  Folk  of 
the  Air,>  16922;  <  Father  Gilligan,>  16924;  <The  Seven  Fiddlers,* 
16925;  <  The  Brides  of  Quair,>  16926;  <Glenlogie,>  16928;  <Bin- 
norie,*  16929;  <The  Wife  of  Usher's  Well,*  16931;  <Lord  Lovel,> 
16933;  < Barbara  Allen's  Cruelty,*  16934;  <The  Last  Hunt,*  16936; 
<  The  Red  Fisherman  * 41    16938-44 

Loyalist  Lays:  (a  reading  for  five), — <The  Three  Troopers,*  40 
16579;  ^The  Cavalier's  Escape,*  16580;  <The  Three  Scars,*  16581 ; 
*The  White  Rose  over  the  Water,*  16582;  <The  Jacobites' 
Club> 40    16583 


English  (Modem), —  readings  from  Chaucer, — < Prologue  to  the  Can- 
terbury Tales,*  9  3564-72;  <The  Temples  of  Venus,  Mars,  and 
Diana,*  3572-76;  <The  Passing  of  the  Fairies,*  3577:  <The  Par- 
doner's Tale,*  3577-83;  <The  Nun's  Priest's  Tale,*  3584-99;  < Truth, 
a  Ballad  of  Good  Counsel  * 9        3600 

Early  English  poetical  reading  from  Gower, — <Petronella* 16  6584-92 

Songs  and  lyrics  of  love  poetry  from  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt, — <  Descrip- 
tion of  Such  a  One  as  He  Would  Love,*  39  1623 1;  <An  Earnest 
Suit  to  His  Unkind  Mistress,*  16231;  <Song:  The  Lover's  Lute 
Cannot  be  Blamed,*  16232;  <How  the  Lover  Perisheth  in  His  De- 
light,* 16233;  <A  Renouncing  of  Love,*  16234;  ^The  Lover  Prayeth 
Not  to  be  Disdained  * 39    16234 

Readings  from  Spenser, — <Prothalamion,*  35  13755-59;  ^Belphoebe,* 
13759;  *The  Cave  of  Mammon,*  13761-65;  ^Sir  Guyon  and  the 
Palmer  * 35    13765-71 

Poetical    readings    from    Peele, — <01d   Age,*    28    11259;    <  David   and 

Bethsabe,*  11260;  <Farewell  to  Norris  and   Drake* 28    11261 

Poetical  readings  from  Robert  Greene, — < Deceiving  World,*  17  6694; 
<The  Shepherd's  Wife's  Song,*  6694;  <Down  the  Valley,*  6696; 
Ode  on  True  Love,*  6697;  <  Sweet  Are  the  Thoughts,*  6697; 
<  Song  to  a  Child  * 17     6698 

Readings  of  poetry  from  Sir  Philip  Sidney, — <Astrophel  and  Stella,* 

3  4  13396 ;  <  Sonnets  to  Stella  * 34   13397,  13398 

Examples  of  verse  by  Lord  Bacon, — <  Translation  of  the  137th  Psalm,* 

3  1201 ;  <  The  World's  a  Bubble  * 3        1202 

Poetical  readings  from  Drayton, — 'The  Ballad  of  Agincourt, *  12  4880- 

82 ;  <  Queen  Mab's  Excursion  * 12     4883 

Song  readings  from  Heywood 18  7346-50 

Robert  Aytoun's  verses  entitled  <  Inconstancy  Upbraided,  *  and  <  Lines 

to  an  Inconstant  Mistress  * 3  1107,  1108 

Poetical  readings  from  John  Donne, — <The  Undertaking,*  12  4774; 
<The  Valediction  Forbidding  Mourning,*  4775;  <Song,*  4776; 
< Love's  Growth,*  4776 ;  < Song* 12     4777 

Poetical  readings  from  George  Wither, — <A  Rocking  Hymn,*  39 
16 1 24;  <  The  Author's  Resolution  in  a  Sonnet,*  161 26;  <A  Christ- 
mas Carol,*  16127  ;  <  For  Summer  Time  * 39    16128 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF    LINES   OF    INTEREST  cdlxi 

Poetical  readings  from  Robert  Herri ck, — <A  Thanksgiving,  >  i8  7310; 
<To  Keep  a  True  Lent,>  7311;  <To  Find  God,>  7312;  <Other 
Pieces 18  7312-16 

Poetical  quotations  from  George  Herbert,— <  The  Collar,>  18  7254; 
<Love,>  7255;  <The  Elixir.>  7256;  <The  Pilgrimage,)  7257;  <The 
Pulley,)  7258;  <Virtue> 18      7258 

Readings  of  smooth  verse  from  Edmund  Waller, —  <The  Danger  His 
Majesty  Escaped,)  38  155571  *  The  Countess  of  Carlisle,)  15558; 
<On  a  Girdle,)  15558;  <Go,  Lovely  Rose,)  15559;  ^A  Panegyric  to 
My  Lord  Protector,)  15559-61;  < On  Love,)  15562;  < At  Penshurst').3  8    15563 

Reading  from  Butler's  satire  on  military  Puritanism  under  Crom- 
well,—<  Hudibras  Described ) 7  2930-34 

Readings  from  Milton,— < Hymn  on  the  Nativity,)  25  10048;  <Ly- 
cidas,)  10051-55;  From  <Comus,)  10055;  *L' Allegro,)  10057-60;  <Il 
Penseroso,)  10060-64;  <The  Appeal  of  Satan,)  10064;  <The  Poet 
on  His  Blindness,)  10066;  <Adam  and  Eve,)  10068;  < Eve's  First 
Meeting  with  Adam,)  10069;  <Song  of  the  Pair  in  Paradise,) 
10070 :  <  Invocation  to  the  Muse ) 25    10072 

Ljrric  readings  from  Sir  John  Suckling, — <Song,)  35  14158;  <A 
Bride,)  14158;  <The  Honest  Lover,)  14159;  <  The  Constant  Lover, ) 
14160;  <Verses,)  14161;   <The  Metamorphosis,)  14162;   <Song) 35    14162 

Readings  from  Cowley, — <Of  Myself,)  10  4095-99;  <On  the  Death  of 
Crashaw,)  4099-101;  <On  the  Death  of  Mr.  William  Hervey,) 
4ioi-K)5 ;  <  A  Supplication,)  4105  ;  <  Epitaph  on  Himself) 10     4106 

Readings  of  religious  verse  from  Henry  Vaughan, — <The  Retreate,) 
37  15258;  <The  Ornament,)  i5'259;  <They  are  All  Gone,)  15260; 
<The  Revival,)  15261;   <The  Palm-Tree)   37    15262 

Readings  from  Dryden, — <  From  the  Hind  and  the  Panther,)  12  4933- 
36;  <To  My  Dear  Friend  Mr.  Congreve,)  4936-38;  <Ode,)  4938-43;. 
<  Alexander's  Feast ;  or.  The  Power  of  Music,)  4944-48 ;  <Achitophel ) .  1 2      4949 

Readings  from  the  lyrics  of  Prior 30   1 1839-48 

Reading  from  Young's  <  Night  Thoughts  > 39  16278-82 

Poetical  readings  from  Pope, —  From  the  <  Essay  on  Criticism,)  30 
11725-30;  <The  Game  of  Cards,)  11731-35;  From  the  <Essay  on 
Man.)  11735-43;  From  the  < Epistle  to  Dr.  Arbuthnot,)  11743-48; 
*The  Goddess  of  Dulness  is  Addressed  on  Education,)  11748-51; 
<The  Triumph  of  Dulness,)  11 751;  <The  Universal  Prayer,) 
11752;  <Ode:  The  Dying  Christian  to  His  Soul,)  11753;  < Epitaph 
on  Sir  William  Trumbal,)  11 754;  < Messiah,  a  Sacred  Eclogue).  .30  11754-56 

Poetical  readings  from  James  Thomson, — <Rule,  Britannia,)  37 
14853;  <  April  Rain,)  14854,  14855;  <The  Lost  Caravan,)  14856; 
<The  Inundation,)  14856;  <The  First  Snow,)  14857;  <The  Sheep- 
Washing,)  14859 ;  <The  Castle  of  Indolence  > 3  7  14861-64 

Readings  of  the  Poetry  of  artificial  sentiment  from  Shenstone, — 
<Pastoral  Ballad,)  34  13309;  <Song,)  13310;  < Disappointment,) 
13311;  <Hope,)  13312;  <Much  Taste  and  Small  Estate,*  13314; 
From  <The  Schoolmistress > 3  4    i33i5 


Cdlxii  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Poetical  readings  from  Thomas  Gray, —  <  Elegy  Written  in  a  Country 
Church-Yard, >  i6  6626-29;  <Ode  on  the  Spring,>  6629;  <  On  a  Dis- 
tant Prospect  of  Eton  College, >  6631 ;  <  The  Bard — a  Pindaric  Ode  \  1 6  6633-36 

Poetical  readings  from  Collins, —  <  How  Sleep  the  Brave,^  9  3872; 
<The  Passions, >  3873-75;  <  To  Evening,*  3876;  <Ode  on  the  Death 
of  Thomson  >  9        3877 

Readings  from  Cowper, — <The  Cricket,*  10  41 10;  <The  Winter  Walk 
at  Noon,>  41 11;  <The  Loss  of  the  Royal  George,*  41 12;  < Imagin- 
ary Verses  of  Alexander  Selkirk  > 10     41 13 

Poetical  example  from  Chatterton, — «0  God  whose     thunder    shakes 

the    sky  » 9        3549 

Poetical  readings  from  Crabbe, —  <  Isaac   Ashford,  a   Noble    Peasant,* 

10  4119;    <The  Parish  Workhouse   and  Apothecary* 10     4121 

Poetical  readings  from  William  Blake,- -<  Song,*  5  2045;  *The  Two 
Songs,*  2046;  <  Night,*  2046;  <The  Piper  and  the  Child,*  2048; 
<Holy  Thursday,*  2048;  <A  Cradle  Song,*  2049;  ' The  Little  Black 
Boy,  *  2049 ;    <  The  Tiger  * 5        2050 

Poetical  readings  from  Robert  Burns, —  <The  Cotter's  Saturday  Night,* 
7  2845-50;  <John  Anderson,  My  Jo,*  2850;  <Man  was  Made  to 
Mourn,*  2851;  <Green  Grow  the  Rashes,*  2853;  *  Is  There  for 
Honest  Poverty,*  2854;  <To  a  Mouse,*  2855;  <  To  a  Mountain 
Daisy,*  2856;  <Tam  O'Shanter,*  2858-64;  <  Bruce  to  His  Men  at 
Bannockburn,*  2864;  ^Highland  Mary,*  2865;  <My  Heart's  in  the 
Highlands,*  2866 ;  <  The  Banks  O '  Doon  * 7        2866 

Readings  of  English  poetry  from  Wordsworth, —  <  Lines  Composed  a 
Few  Miles  above  Tintern  Abbey,*  39  16200-04;  <  Three  Years  She 
Grew  in  Sun  and  Shower,*  16205;  *A  Poet's  Epitaph,*  16206; 
<The  Fountain,*  16208;  <  Resolution  afd  Independence,*  16210-13; 
<The  Sparrow's  Nest,*  16213;  <My  Heart  Leaps  Up  When  I  Be- 
•  hold,*  16214;  <  Composed  upon  Westminster  Bridge,*  16214;  ^It  is 
a  Beauteous  Evening,  Calm  and  Free,*  16214;  <  To  Toussaint 
L'Ouverture,*  16215;  <London,  1802,*  16215;  <It  Is  Not  to  be 
Thought  of,*  16216;  <To  Hartley  Coleridge,*  16216;  <She  Was  a 
Phantom  of  Delight,*  16217;  <The  Solitary  Reaper,*  16218;  <To 
the  Cuckoo,*  16219;  <I  Wandered  Lonely  as  a  Cloud,*  16220;  <To 
a  Young  Lady,*  16220;  <The  World  Is  Too  Much  with  Us,*  16221: 
<Ode  to  Duty,*  16221-23;  <  Intimations  of  Immortality,*  16223-28: 
'  To  the   Small  Celandine  *   39    16228 

Readings  of  poetry  from  Sir  Walter  Scott, — <The  Last  Minstrel,*  33 
13058;  ^Lochinvar,*  13060;  <  Ellen  Douglas's  Bower,*  13062-67;  <The 
Disclosure,*  13068-73;  <Jock  o'  Hazel  dean,*  13074;  <  Highland  Song,* 
13075;  <  Nora's  Vow,*  13076;  <  Ballad  of  the  Red  Harlaw,*  13077; 
Song  <Brignall  Banks,*  13078;  'Bonny  Dundee,*  13080;  <  Flora 
Mac-Ivor's  Song  * 33    13081 

Poetical  readings  from  Coleridge, —  <Kubla  Khan,  9  3853;  <The 
Albatross,^  3855-57;  < Dejection:  An  Ode,*  3858-61;  « Verses  Ad- 
dressed to  a  Wise  Teacher,**  3862-64;  <Ode  to  the  Duchess  of 
Devonshire,*  3865-67;  <The  Pains  of  Sleep,*  3687;  *  Youth  and  Age  *.  9       3869 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdlxiii 

Poetical  readings  from  Southey, — <The  Holly-Tree, >  35  13681 ;  <In 
My  Library, >  13682;  <The  Inchcape  Rock,>  13683;  <The  Battle  of 
Blenheim,)  13685;  <The  Old  Woman  of  Berkeley,)  13687-92;  <The 
Curse  > 35    13692 

Readings  from  the  poet  Campbell, — <Hope,)  8  3164;  <The  Fall  of 
Poland,)  3165;  <The  Slave,'  3167;  < Death  and  a  Future  Life,) 
3168-71;  ^Lochiel's  Warning,)  3171-73;  <The  Soldier's  Dream,) 
3173;  <Lord  Ullin's  Daughter,)  3174;  <The  Exile  of  Erin,)  3176; 
<Ye  Mariners  of  England,)  3177;  <Hohenlinden,)  3178;  ^The  Bat- 
tle of  Copenhagen,)  3179-82 ;  < Winter ) 8        3183 

Poetical  readings  from  Thomas  Moore, — <  Paradise  and  the  Peri,)  26 
10275-87;  <  Love's  Young  Dream,)  10287;  <  The  Time  I've  Lost  in 
Wooing,)  10288;  <Oft  in  the  Stilly  Night,)  10291 ;  <The  Last  Rose 
of  Summer ) 26    10292 

Irish  readings  from  the  poems  of  Mangan, — <The  Dawning  of  the 
Day,)  24  9665;  <The  Nameless  One,)  9666;  <St.  Patrick's  Hymn 
before   Tarah ) 24  9668-70 

Poetical  readings  from  Heber, — <The  Missionary  Hymn,)  18  7155; 
< Sixteenth  Sunday  after  Trinity,)  7156;  < Trinity  Sunday,)  7156; 
<  Epiphany,)  7157;  <Before  the  Sacrament,)  7157;  <To  His  Wife,) 
7158;  <At  a  Funeral,)  7159;   <The  Moonlight  March) 18      7159 

Poetical  readings  from  Procter, — <  The  Sea,)  30  11853;  <A  Petition  to 

Time,)  11854;  <Life,)  11854;  <Sit  Down,   Sad  SouP 30    11855 

Poetical  readings  from  Byron, — <Maid  of  Athens,)  7  2943;  <A  Romaic 
Song,)  2944;  <Greece,)  2945;  <The  Hellespont,)  2947;  <The  Isles 
of  Greece,)  2948-50;  <The  Greeks  before  the  Revolution,)  2951; 
<To  Rome,)  2953;  <The  Coliseum,)  2954;  ^Chorus  of  Spirits,)  2956; 
< Venice)  and  <Ode  to  Venice,)  2959-63;  <The  East,)  2964;  < Oriental 
Royalty,)  2964;  <A  Grecian  Sunset,)  2965;  <An  Italian  Sunset.) 
2966;  <  Twilight.)  2967;  <An  Alpine  Storm,)  2969;  <The  Ocean,* 
2970;  <The  Shipwreck,)  2972;  <Love  on  the  Island,)  2973-75; 
<The  Two  Butterfl^ies.)  2976;  <To  His  Sister,)  2977;  *Ode  to  Na- 
poleon,) 2978-81;  <The  Battle  of  Waterloo,)  2981-83;  <Mazeppa's 
Ride,)  2983-85;  <The  Irish  Avatar,)  2986-89;  <The  Dream,)  2989- 
94;  <She  Walks  in  Beauty,)  2994;  <The  Destruction  of  Sen- 
nacherib.) 2995;  <The  Prisoner  of  Chillon,)  2996;  < Prometheus,) 
2997;  <A  Summing-Up,)  2999;  <My  Thirty-Sixth  Year) 7        2999 

Sonnets  from  Aubrey  De  Vere, — <The  Crusaders);  <  The  Children 
Band);  <The  Rock  of  CasheP;  <The  Right  Use  of  Prayer);  <The 
Church ) II   4610-12 

Readings  of  rare  thoughtful  poetry  from  Shelley, —  From  <  Prometheus 
Unbound,)  34  13271 :  < Last  Hour  of  Beatrice,)  13273-76;  <Adonais) 
13276-88;  <Hymn  to  Intellectual  Beauty,)  13288-90;  <Ozymandias,) 
13291;  <The  Indian  Serenade,)  13291;  <Ode  to  the  West  Wind,) 
13292-94;  <The  Sensitive  Plant,)  13294-97;  <The  Cloud,)  13297-99; 
<To  a  Skylark,)  13299-301;  <Arethusa,)  13302-04;  < Hymn  of  Pan,) 
13304 ;  < To  Night,)  13305 ;  < To  ) 34    13306 


cdlxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Readings  from   Keble, — 'The  Nightingale, >   21    8514;   < Christ  in  the 

Garden, >  8515  ;  <Morning,>  8516;  <  Evening  Hymn  > 21      8517 

Poetical  readings  from  Mrs.  Hemans, — *The  Homes  of  England,*  18 
7231;  <  Landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,*  7232;  <The  Hour  of 
Death,*  7233 ;  <  The  Lost  Pleiad,*  7234 ;  <  The  Treasures  of  the  Deep  * .  1 8      7235 

Poetical  readings  from  Keats, —  From  <The  Eve  of  St.  Agnes,*  21 
8500;  From  <Endymion,*  8502;  From  <  Hyperion,*  8503;  <  Ode  to 
a  Nightingale,*  8504;  <Ode  on  a  Grecian  Urn,*  8506;  <  Fancy,* 
8507;  <To  Autumn,*  8509;  <La  Belle  Dame  Sans  Merci,*  8510; 
<  Three  Sonnets  * 21      851 1 

Poetical  readings  from  Thomas  Hood, — <  Faithless  Sally  Brown,^  1 9 
7592;  <An  Ironic  Requiem,*  7594;  <A  Parental  Ode,*  7595;  <A 
Nocturnal  Sketch,*  7596;  <Ruth,*  7597;  <Fair  Ines,*  7598;  <A  Song,* 
7599;  ^The  Bridge  of  Sighs,*  7600;  <The  Song  of  the  Shirt,*  7602; 
<Ode  to  Melancholy,*  7605-07;  <The  Death-Bed,*  7608;  <I  Remem- 
ber,* 7608 ;  «  Farewell,  Life  ** 19      7609 

Readings  of  society  verse  from  Praed, — <  Twenty-Eight  and  Twenty- 
Nine,*  30  11759;  <The  Vicar,*  11761;  <The  Belle  of  the  Ball*  ...30    11764 

Readings  of  poetry  from  Thackeray, —  From  <The  Chronicle  of  the 
Drum,*  36  14712-15;  <What  is  Greatness?*  14715;  <The  White 
Squall,*  14716-19;  <The  Ballad  of  Bouillabaisse,*  14719-21;  <Peg 
of  Limavaddy,*  14722-26;  <The  Sorrows  of  Werther,*  14726;  <Little 
Billee,*  14727;  From  <The  Pen  and  the  Album.*  14728;  <At  the 
Church  Gate,*  14728;  <The  Mahogany -Tree,*  14729;  <The  End 
of  the  Play  * 36  14730-32 

Readings  of  English  poetry  from  Tennyson, — <  The  Lady  of  Shalott,* 
36  14587-91;  <Choric  Song,*  14592-95;  < Ulysses,*  14595-97;  < Locks- 
ley  Hall,*  14597-603;  < Break,  Break,  Break,*  14603;  <The  Brook,* 
14604-09;  <The  Splendor  Falls  on  Castle  Walls,*  14609;  <  Tears, 
Idle  Tears,*  14610;  <  Perfect  Unity,*  14610-13;  < The  Charge  of  the 
Light  Brigade,*  14613;  From  <  In  Memoriam,*  14615-24;  <Come 
into  the  Garden,  Maud,*  14624-26;  <Oh  That  T'were  Possible,* 
14626;  ^The  Farewell  of  King  Arthur  to  Queen  Guinevere,*  14629-33 ; 
<In  the  Children's  Hospital,*  14633-35;  <The  Throstle,*  14636;  <The 
Oak,*  14636 ;  <  Crossing  the  Bar  * 36    14637 

Choice  passages  from  Bailey's  <Festus,* — <Life,*  3  1245-48;  <The 
Passing  Bell,*  1248;  <  Thoughts,*  1250;  <  Dreams,*  1251;  <  Chorus  of 
the  Saved* 3        1252 

Dorset  dialect  poems  by  William  Barnes, — <  Blackmwore  Maidens,* 
4  1565;  <May,*  1566;  <Milken  Time,*  1567;  < Jessie  Lee,*  1568; 
<The  Turnstile,*  1569;  <To  the  Water-Crowfoot,*  1570;  <Zummer 
an'  Winter* 4        1570 

Poetical  readings  from  Mrs.  Browning, — <The  Sleep,*  6  2533;  <The 
Cry  of  the  Children,*  2535-39;  <  Mother  and  Poet,*  2539-41;  <A 
Court  Lady,*  2542;  <De  Profundis,*  2544-46;  <The  Cry  of  the 
Human,*  2547;  <  Romance  of  the  Swan's  Nest,*  2549-51;  <  Sonnets 
from  the  Portuguese,*  2552-55;  <A  False  Step,*  2555;  «A  Child's 
Thought  of  God,*  2556;  < Cheerfulness  Taught  by  Reason* 6        2556 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF    LINES   OF    INTEREST  cdlxv 

Readings  from    Robert    Browning, — <Andrea   Del   Sarto,>  6     2565-71 ; 

<  Confessions, >  3573;  <Love  Among  the  Ruins,*  2574;  <A  Gram- 
marian's Funeral,>  2576-79;  <My  Last  Duchess,>  2579;  <  In  a  Year,> 
2584;  <  Evelyn  Hope,>  2586;  <Prospice,>  2587;  <The  Patriot,*  2588; 

<  One  Word  More  > 6  2589-93 

Fine  examples  from  W.  E.  Aytoun, — <The  Burial-March  of  Dundee,* 

3  1 1 13-17;  <The  Execution  of  Montrose,*  11 18-23;  *The  Broken 
Pitcher,*    1123-24;    <A    Ball    in  the    Upper  Circles*  (a  parody  on 

Disraeli),   1124-27;  <A  Highland  Tramp* 3  1127-29 

Readings  of  poetry  from  Charles  Kingsley, — <The  Merry  Lark  Was 
Up  and  Singing,*  22  8614;  <The  Dead  Church,*  8614;  <The 
Sands  of  Dee,*  8615;  <Youth  and  Age,*  8615;  <A  Myth,*  8616; 
< Longings,*  8616;  ^Andromeda  and  the  Sea-Nymphs,*  8617;  <A 
Farewell  * 22     8618 

Important  poetical  examples  from  Matthew  Arnold, — <To  Marguerite,' 
2  866;  On  ^Obermann,*  868-71 ;  <Goethe  in  Weimar  Sleeps,*  871,  872; 
<The  Sick  King  in  Bokhara,*  873-78;  < Dover  Beach,*  879;  <Self- 
Dependence,*  880;  «The  kings  of  moderr:  thought  are  dumb,** 
881-82 ;  <A  Summer  Night,*  883-85 ;  <The  Last  Word* 2  885 

Poetical  readings  from  Coventry  Patmore, — <Wind  and  Wave,*  28 
11182;  <The  Toys,*  11183;  < If  I  Were  Dead,*  11183;  <To  the  Body,* 
11184;  <Love  Serviceable,*  11185;  <Sahara,*  11186;  < Married  Life,* 
1 1 188;  <  The  Queen.*  11 190;  <  Wisdom* 28    11191 

Prose, — <  Pathos  * 28    11192 

Readings   from    Sydney    Dobell, — < How's   My   Boy?*   12  4735;    <The 
Sailor's    Return,*    4736;   <Afloat    and    Ashore,*   4737;   <The   Soul,* 
4738;    <  England,*    4739:    ^America,*    4739;    <Amy's    Song    of    the 
•        Willow  * 12     4740 

Readings   from  Adelaide    Procter, — <A    Doubting    Heart,*    30    11858; 

<A  Woman's  Question,*  11859;  <A  Lost  Chord  * 30    11860 

Readings  from  Dante  Gabriel  Rossetti, — <The  Blessed  Damozel,*  31 
12416-19;  <The  Double  Betrayal,*  12419-22;  <The  Second-Sight,* 
12422-24;  <The  Card-Dealer,*  12425;  <The  Sea-Limits,*  12427; 
<The  Cloud  Confines,*  12428;  <Song  of  the  Bower,*  12429;  Son- 
nets from  <  The  House  of  Life  * 31    12430  -34 

Poetical  readings  from  Christina  Rossetti 31   12399-410 

Poetical  readings  from  Jean  Ingelow, — <  Divided,*  20  7969-72;  <Sand 
Martins,*  7973;  <The  High  Tide  on  the  Coast  of  Lincolnshire,* 
7974-78 ;  <  Cold  and  Quiet,*  7978 ;  <  Lettice  White* 20  7979-81 

Poetical  readings  from  Owen  Meredith, — <Aux   Italiens,*    23  9349-52; 

<Lucile's  Letter,*  9352;  < Prologue  to  the  Wanderer*.  . 23     9355 

Readings  of  story  and  poetry  from  William  Morris, — <  Shameful 
Death,*  26  10342;  <Hallblithe  Dwelleth  in  the  Wood  Alone,* 
10343-47;  < Iceland  First  Seen,*  10347-49;  ^Introduction  to  the 
Earthly  Paradise,*  10349;  ^  Close  of  the  Earthly  Paradise,*  10350- 
54;    <The  Day  Is  Coming,*  10354-57;   <Kiartan   Bids   Farewell  to 

Gudrun  * 26  10357-59 

30 


Cdlxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Readings  of  English  poetry  from  Swinburne, — < Dedication,  i865,>  36 
14294;  <  Hymn  to  Proserpine,*  14296-300;  <The  Garden  of  Proser- 
pine,*  14300-02;  <Hesperia,>  14302-05;  ^Walter  Savage  Landor,> 
14306;  <A  Forsaken  Garden, >  14307-09;  <The  Pilgrims, >  14309-11; 
*  Super  Flumina  Babylonis,>  14311-15;  <Mater  Triumphalis,*  14315- 
19;  ^Athens  an  Ode,>  14319;  ^Of  Such  Is  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven,* 
14320;  ^A  Child's  Future,*  14321;  ^Adieux  to  Marie  Stuart,*  14322- 
25;  <Love  at  Sea,*  14325;  <A  Match,*  14326;  <fitude  Realiste*.  .  .  .36    14327 

Verse  readings  by  Austin  Dobson, — <On  a  Nankin  Plate,*  12  4743; 
<The  Old  Sedan-Chair,*  4744;  <The  Ballad  of  Prose  and  Rhyme,* 
4745;  <The  Cure's  Progress,*  4746;  <  Good-Night,  Babette,*  4747; 
<The  Ladies  of  St.  James's,*  4749;  '•Dora  versus  Rose,*  4750;  <  Une 
Marquise,*  4752-55;  <A  Ballad  to  Queen  Elizabeth,*  4755;  <The 
Princess  de  Lamballe  * 12      4756 

Poetical    readings   from    Mathilde    Blind, — <Love    in   Exile,*    5    2076; 

<  Seeking,*  2077 ;  <  The  Mystic's  Vision  * 5        2079 

Poetical    readings    from     Edmund    Gosse, — <  Desiderium,  *     16    6567; 

<  Lying  in  the  Grass  * 16  6568-70 

Readings   from    Stevenson;    poetical, — <Bed   in    Summer,*    35    13935; 

<Travel,*  13936;  *The  Land  of  Counterpane,*  13937;  < Northwest 
Passage,*  13937;  <If  This  Were  Faith,*  13939;  *  Requiem,*  13940; 
<To  Will.  H.  Low,*  13940;  <The  Tropics  Vanish,*  13941;  <  Tropic 
Rain,*  13942 ;  <  Christmas  at  Sea  *  .  .  . 35    13942 

Readings  of  poetry  from  William  Watson, — <The  Turk  in  Armenia,* 
38  15707;  <  Repudiated  Responsibility,*  15707;  <  England  to  Amer- 
ica,* 15708;  <A  Birthday,*  15708;  <The  Plague  of  Apathy,*  15709; 
<A  Trial  of  Orthodoxy,*  15709;  <A  Wondrous  Likeness,*  15710; 
^Starving  Armenia,*  15710;  <The  Tomb  of  Burns,*  15711;  <  The 
Father  of  the  Forest* 38   I57i2-i6» 

Poetical    readings   from   Kipling, — <  Fuzzy  Wuzzy,*    22    8659;   <  Danny 

Deever,*  8661 ;  <Mandalay,*  8662;  <The  Galley- Slave  * 22      8663 

Sea  songs :  <  Ye  Gentlemen  of  England  * 40    16430 

<A  Wet  Sheet  and  a  Flowing  Sea,*  41   17022;    <A  Life  on  the  Ocean 

Wave  * 40   16408 


American    Poetry. —  A   typical  Yankee   poem,  Joel    Barlow's   <  Hasty 

Pudding  * —  example  from 4   1 559-62 

Poetical   readings    from    Drake, — <A  Winter's    Tale,*  12  4853;    <The 

Culprit  Fay,*  4854-62 ;  <  The  American  Flag* 12      4863 

Poetical   readings    from    Fitz-Greene    Halleck, — < Marco   Bozzaris,*  17 

6862;  < Robert  Burns,*  6865 ;  <  Death  of  Rodman  Drake* 17      6868 

Poetical  readings  from  T.  B.  Read, — <  Drifting,*  30  12095;  <  Sheridan's 

Ride,*  12097;  <The  Closing   Scene,*  12099;  ^Inez* 30    12101 

Reading  of  exquisite   nature   study  by  Henry  Timrod, — <  Spring,*  3  7 

14962 ;  <  Sonnet  on  Love  * 37    14964 

Readings  from  R.  H.  Dana, — <The  Island,*  11   4287;  <The  Doom  of 

Lee,*  4288-90 ;  < Paul  and  Abel* ii  4291-301 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxvii 

Poetical  readings  from  Bryant,— <  Thanatopsis,>  6  2627-29;  <The 
Crowded  Street,>  2629;  <The  Death  of  the  Flowers,>  2631;  <The 
Conqueror's  Grave,  >  2632;  <The  Battlefield,)  2633;  <To  a  Water- 
fowl,>  2635;  < Robert  of  Lincoln,>  ^636;  <June,>  2638;  <To  the 
Fringed  Gentian,>  2639;  <The  Future  Life,>  2640;  <To  the  Past>.6        2641 

Readings  from  N.  P.  Willis,— <  When  Tom  Moore  Sang,>  39  16003-05; 
poetical,— <  David  and  Absalom,>  16005;  <  Dedication  Hymn,> 
16007;  <Andre's  Request  to  Washington,)  16008;  <The  Belfry  Pi- 
geon,) 16008;  <  Unseen  Spirits,)  16009;  ^Dawn,)  i6oio;  ^Aspiration,) 
16011;  <The  Elms  of  New  Haven,)  16012;  <  Lines  on  the  Burial 
of  the  Champion  of  His  Class  at  Yale  College,)  16014;  <Love  in 
a  Cottage  > 3  9    16015 

Poetical  readings  from  Paul  Hayne,— <Ode  to  Sleep,)  18  71 11;  <  As- 
pects of  the  Pines,)  7113;  <  Poverty,)  7114;  ^The  Hyacinth) 18      7114 

Patriotic  poetical  readings  from  George  H.  Boker,— <The  Black  Regi- 
ment,) 5  2164 ;  <  The  Sword-Bearer ) 5  2166-67 

Readings  of  American  poetry  from  Whittier, — <  Skipper  Ireson's  Ride,) 
39   15917-ig;  < Telling  the  Bees,)  15919;  <Maud  MuUer,)  15921-24; 

<  Barbara  Frietchie,)  15924-26;  <  In  School  Days,)  15926;  <  The 
Eternal  Goodness,)  15927-29;  <Ichabod,)  15930;  <The  Barefoot 
Boy,)  15931-33;  *The  Farewell  of  a  Virginia  Slave  Mother  to  Her 
Daughters,)  15933-35;  <  Barclay  of  Ury,)  15935-38;  <  Centennial 
Hymn,)  15938;  <  Winter  In-Doors,)  15939-42;  <  Child-Songs,)  15942- 
44;  <The  Yankee  Girl,)  15944;  <The  Angels  of  Buena  Vista,) 
15945-47;  <The  Seer,)  15947;  <Burns,)  15949-51;  <The  Summons,) 

15952;  <The  Last  Eve  of  Summer) 39    15953 

Readings  of  poetry  from  Longfellow, — <Hymn  to  the  Night,)  23 
9150;  <  The  Beleaguered  City,)  9150-52;  <The  Skeleton  in  Armor,) 
9152-55;  ^Maidenhood,)  9156;  ^Serenade,)  9157;  < Genius,)  9158; 
<The  Wreck  of  the  Hesperus,)  9158-60;  <The  Village  Blacksmith,) 
9161;  <The  Rainy  Day,)  9162;  <The  Belfry  of  Bruges,)  9162-64; 
<The  Bridge,)  9164-65;  < Seaweed,)  9165;  <The  Day  is  Done,)  9167; 
<The  Arrow  and  the  Song,)  9168;  <The  Cross  of  Snow,)  9168;  <The 
Launching  of  the  Ship,)  9169-72;  <Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert, ) 91 72 ;  <  My 
Lost  Youth,)  9173-75;  *My  Books,)  9176;  < Changed,)  9176;  <Paul 
Revere's  Ride,)  9177-80;  <Thangbrand  the  Priest,)  9180-82;  <Kam- 
balu,)  9182-84;  <The  New  Household,)  9184;  <  Chaucer,)  9185; 
<Milton,)  9185;  <Haroun  Al  Raschid,)  9186;  <Divina  Commedia.) 
9186;  <The  Poet  and  His  Songs,)  9187;  <Finale  to  Christus,)  9188; 
*  The  Young  Hiawatha,)  9190-92;   < Prelude  to  Evangeline,)  9192; 

<  Peace  in  Acadia,)  9193-95;  <Postlude  to  Evangeline)   23     9196 

Poetical  readings  from  James  Russell  Lowell, — <  Si  Descendero  in  In- 

fernum,  Ades,)  23  9237;  <  Hebe,)  9238;  <  She  Came  and  Went,) 
9239;  <The  Changeling,)  9240;  <The  Vision  of  Sir  LaunfaP 
(complete),  9241-49;  <  From  the  Biglow  Papers,)  9250-53;  <What 
Mr.  Robinson  Thinks,)  9254;  <The  Courtin',)  9255-58;  <  Hosea 
Biglow  to  the  Editor  of  the  Atlantic,)  9258-62;  <The  Washers  of 
the  Shroud,)  9262-65 ;  < Memoriae  Positum ) .    23     9265 


Cdlxviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Readings  from  JDr.  Holmes, —  poetical, — <01d  Ironsides,  >  19  7462; 
<The  Last  Leaf,>  7463;  <On  Lending  a  Punch-Bowl,  >  7464;  <  The 
Chambered  Nautilus,*  7466;  <  The  Deacon's  Masterpiece, >  7467;  <  A 
Sun-Day  Hymn,>  7470;  <The  Voiceless, >  7470;  <Bill  and  Joe,> 
7471 ;  <  Dorothy  Q.  > 19      7473 

Readings  from  Bayard  Taylor, — <Fitz-Greene  Halleck,*  36  14522-28; 
poetical,-— <  Charmian,*  14529;  <  Ariel  in  the  Cloven  Pine,*  14530- 
32;  <  Bedouin  Song,>  14533;  <  Hylas,*  14534-37;  <The  Song  of  the 
Camp  > 36    14537 

Readings  from  Walt  Whitman, — <  Song  of  the  Open  Road,>  39  15892- 
900;  <  Dirge  for  Two  Veterans,*  15901;  <When  Lilacs  Last  in  the 
Door- Yard  Bloomed,*  15902-08;  <0  Captain!  My  Captain!*  15909; 

<  Hushed   be   the  Camps  To-Day,*   15909;  <  Darest  Thou  Now,  O 

Soul,*  15910;  < A  Noiseless  Patient  Spider* 39    15910 

Poetical  readings  from  T.  W.  Parsons, — <  Mary  Booth,*  28  11118;  <A 
Dirge,*  HI19;  < Epitaph  on  a  Child,*  11120;  <To  Francesca,*  11120; 

<  Pilgrim's  Isle,*  11121 ;  <  Paradisi  Gloria  * 28    11 121 

Poetical  readings  from  W.  W.    Story, — <  Cleopatra,*  35  14062-65;  <The 

ChiflEonier  * 35    14065 

Readings  of  popular  poetry  from  J.  G.  Holland, — <  Cradle  Song,*  19 
7452;   <The  Song  of  the  Cider,*  7453;  «God  give  us  men,**  7454; 

<  Daniel  Gray  * 19     7455 

Readings    from    Thoreau, — poetical, — <  Inspiration,*    37     14877;    <The 

Fisher's  Boy,*  14879  ;  <  Smoke  * 37    14880 

Readings  from  John  Boyle  O'Reilly, — <  Ensign  Epps,  the  Color- 
Bearer,*  27  10860-61;  <The  Cry  of  the  Dreamer,*  10861;  <A  Dead 
Man,*  10862;    <The  Rainbow's  Treasure,*  10863;   *  Yesterday  and 

To-Morrow,*  10864 ;  *  The  Infinite  * 27    10864 

Poetical  readings  from  Richard  Henry  Stoddard 35   14031-38 

Readings  from  Stedman, — <The  Hand  of  Lincoln,*  35  13859;  <Aucas- 
sin  and  Nicolette,*  13861;  < Ariel,*  13862-65;  <Mors  Benefica,* 
13865;   <Pan  in  Wall   Street,*  13866-68;    <The  Discoverer,*  13868; 

<  Cavalry  Song  * 35    13870 

Thirteen  poetical  examples  of  the  best  work  of  T.  B.  Aldrich i      31 5-24 

Readings  of   thoughtful  poetry  from  E.   R.  Sill, — <  Opportunity,*    34 

13441 ;  <Home,*  13441;  <The  Fool's  Prayer,*  13442;  <A  Morning 
Thought,*  13443 ;   <  Strange  * 34    13444 

Poetical  readings  from   John   Hay, — <  Night  in  Venice,*  18   7106;    <A 

Woman's  Love,*  7107;  < Jim  Bludso  of  the  Prairie  Belle* 18      7108 

Readings  from  the  Indiana  poet,  Riley, — <Away,*  31  12267;  <When 
She  Comes  Home,*  12268;  <A  Life  Lesson,*  12268;  <A  Song,* 
12269;  *Nothin'  to  Say,*  12269;  *  Knee-Deep  in  June* 31    12270 

Poetical  readings  from  Joaquin  Miller, —  From  <The  Ship  in  the  Des- 
ert,* 2  5  10028-32 ;  <  Kit  Carson's  Ride  * 25    10032 

Readings  from  Mrs.  Helen  Jackson, — <  Revenues,*  20  8059;  <  Habeas 
Corpus,*  8060;  <My  Hickory  Fire,*  8062;  <  Poppies  in  the  Wheat,* 
8063;  <  Burnt  Ships,*  8063;  <  Spinning,*  8064;  <A  May- Day  in 
Albano  * 20  8065-70 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxix 

Poetical  readings  from  Mrs.  Thaxter, — <  Sorrow,'  37  14761^  <  Sea- 
ward,' 14762;  <The  Sandpiper,'  14763;  <The  Watch  of  Boon  Is- 
land,' 14764-65;  <  Impatience,'  14766;  <In  Death's  Despite,'  14766; 

<  Wild  Geese,'  14767 ;  ^  In  Autumn  ' 37    14768 

Poetical  readings  from  Edith  Matilda  Thomas, — <  Syrinx,'  37    14846; 

<  Sunset,'  14847;    <Cybele  and  Her  Children,'  14848;  <The  Grass- 
hopper,' 14849 ;  <  Winter  Sleep ' 37    14849 

Poetical  readings  from  Mrs.  Howe, — <  Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic,' 
19  7647;  <Our  Orders,' 7647;  <  Pardon,' 7648;  <  Hamlet,'  7649;  <A 
New  Sculptor '  .  .    ! ....  1  9     765 1 

A  washing-day  song  from  Miss  Alcott's  < Little  Women'     i  294 

Poetical  readings  from  Bret  Harte, — <Jim,'  17  6988;  <Dow's  Flat,' 
6990;  <In  the  Tunnel,'  6992;  <The  Society  upon  the  Stanislaus,' 
6993;  <  Thompson  of  Angel's,'  6994;  <  Plain  Language  from  Truth- 
ful James,'  6996;  <On  a  Cone  of  the  Big  Trees,'  6997;  <  Dickens 
in  Camp,'  6999;  prose  story  reading, — <An  Heiress  of  Red  Dog  '.17    7000-13 

Poetical  readings  from  R.  W.  Gilder, — <What,  Then,  Is  Life,'  16 
6349;  <  How  Paderewski  Plays,' 6352;  <  America,'  6353;  <  Abraham 
Lincoln,'  6354;  <Call  Me  Not  Dead,'  6354;  <  Through  Love  to 
Light '    16     6354 

Poetical  readings  from    Eugene    Field, — <A  Christmas    Appeal,'    14 

5689 ;  <  Dutch  Lullaby,'  5690 ;  <  Ipswich ' 14      5691 

Readings  from  G.  E.  Woodberry's  poems, — <At  Gibraltar,'  39  16146- 

47;  From  <My  Country.'  16147-50;  <Sodoma's  Christ  Scourged'.  .39    16151 

Readings  of  poetry  from  Henry  Van  Dyke, — <An  Angler's  Wish,'  37 

15245  ;  <  Tennyson,'  15247;  <The  Veery' 37    15247 

Poetical   readings  by  Bliss   Carman, —  <Hack  and  Hew,'  8  3304;  <At 

the  Granite  Gate  ' 8        3305 

Readings  from  the  poetry  of  Charles  G.  D.  Roberts, — <  The  Unsleep- 
ing,' 31  12300;  <An  Epitaph  for  a  Husbandman,'  12301 ;  <  The 
Little  Field  of  Peace,'  12301 ;  <Marsyas,'  12302;  <The  Flight  of 
the  Geese,'  12303;  <  Beside  the  Winter  Sea,'  12304;  <The  Deserted 
City' 31    12304 


German. —  Readings  from  the  German  Nibelungenlied, — <Kriemhild,' 
27  10635;  <  Siegfried,'  10637;  <  Hagan's  Account  of  Siegfried,' 
10638;  <  How  Siegfried  First  Saw  Kriemhild,'  10639-41:  <  How  the 
Two  Queens  Reviled  One  Another,'  10642-45;  <How  Siegfried 
Parted  from  Kriemhild,'  10646;  <How  Siegfried  was  Slain,' 
10647-50;  <How  Rudeger  Bewailed  His  Divided  Duty,'  10650-55; 
<How  Kriemhild  Slew  Hagan,  and  Was  Herself  Slain' 27    10055 

Readings  of  early  German  poetry  from  Walther  von  der  Vogelweide, — 
<Songof  Walther,'  38  15588;  <Lament  of  Walther,'  15589;  <Song 
of  Wolfram  von  Eschenbach,'  15590;  < Blanch efleur,'  from  Gott- 
fried's < Tristan  and  Isolde,'  1 5591-95;  <Song  of  Heinrich  von 
Veldeche,'  15596;  <Song  of  Heinrich  von  Morungen,'  15596;  <  Song 
of  Count   Kraft  von    Toggenburg,'    15597;    <  Song    of    Steinmar,' 


Cdlxx  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

15598;   <SoQg  of  Conrad  von  Wiirzburg/  15600;  <Song  of  Johann 

Hadloub  > 38    1 5600 

A  fifteenth-century  German  folk  song 15      5864 

Song  of  a  maid  of  beauty,   1 5   5866-68 ;  other  folk  songs 15  5872-76 

Fragments  of  folk  song 41   1 7001-06 

Readings  from  the  German  of  Hans  Sachs, — <Why  Art  Thou  Cast 
Down,  My  Heart  ?>  32  12613;  <The  Nightingale  of  Wittenberg,  > 
12614;  <  The  Unlike  Children  of  Eve>  (a  drama),  12616-31;  <How 

the  Devil  Took  to  Himself  an  Old  Wife> 32    12632-33 

Poetical  readings  from  Klopstock 22  8694-706 

Readings  from  the  German  of  Wieland, — < Managing  Husbands,*   39 

15956-58;  <The  Deities  Deposed* 39   15958-68 

Biirger's  <  Lenore,*  translated  by  Walter  Scott 7  2769-76 

Biirger's  <The  Wives  of  Weinsberg* 7  2776-78 

German    poetical    readings    from    Holty, — <  Country    Life,*    19    7506; 

<  Spring  Song.*  7507;  <  Harvest  Song,*  7508;  <  Winter  Song,*  7509; 

<  Death  of  the  Nightingale,*  7509;    <The  Old  Farmer's  Advice  to 

His  Son  * 19     75 10 

^Called  to  Joy,*   19  7511;    <The  Dream  Image,*    7511;   <  Elegy  at  the 

Grave   of  My  Father* 19      7513 

Goethe;  poetical  readings, — <The  Harper's  Songs,*  16  6439;  <Mignon's 
Song,*  6440;  ^Philina's  Song,*  6441;  <  Prometheus,*  6442;  <  Wan- 
derer's Night  Songs,*  6443;  <The  Elfin-King,*  6444;  < Wander- 
er's Storm  Song,*  6445;  <The  Godlike,*  6446;  <  Ergo  Bibamus,* 
6448;  <Alexis  and  Dora,*  6449-52;  <  Maxims  and  Reflections,*  6453; 

<  Nature  * 16     6454 

Readings  of  German   poetry  from    Schiller, — <To    Laura,*    33    12883; 

<The  Knight  Toggenburg,*  12884;  <The  Sharing  of  the  Earth,* 
12886;  <German  Art,*  12887;  *The  Maiden's  Lament,*  12887;  ^The 
Maiden  from  Afar,*  12888;  <  Punch  Song,*  128S9;  <  Worth  of 
Women,*  12S90;  <  Riddles,*  12891;  <The  Power  of  Song,*  12892; 
^Hjrmn  to  Joy,*  12894-96;  <The  Gods  of  Greece,*  12896-99;  <The 
Artists,*  12900-02;  From  <  The  Song  of  the  Bell* 33   12902-04 

Capital  German  patriotic  and  poetical  readings  from  Arndt, — <What  is 
the  German's  Fatherland,*  2  814;  <  The  Song  of  the  Field-Marshal,* 
816 ;  <  Patriotic  Song* 2  817 

Readings  of  German  poetry  from  the  lyrical  masterpieces  of  Uhland, — 
<The  Shepherd's  Song  on  the  Lord's  Day,*  37  15187;  <  The  Luck 
of  Edenhall,*  15188;  <  The  Minstrel's  Curse,*  15189-91;  <  Entertain- 
ment,* 15191;  <The  Mountain  Boy,*  15192;  <The  Castle  by  the  Sea,* 
15192;  <The  Passage,*  15193:  <The  Nun,*  15194;  <The  Serenade,* 
15195;  ^The  Chapel,*  15196;  <Sigfrid's  Sword,*  15197;  <Ichabod*  37    15198 

Readings  of  poetry  and  thought  from  Riickert, — <The  Hour-Glass  of 
Ashes,*  31  12459;  <The  Sun  and  the  Brook,*  12461;  <The  Dying 
Flower,*  12462;  <  Nature  More  Than  Science,*  12464;  <  Greediness 
Punished,  12465;  <The  Patriot's  Lament,*  12466;  <Barbarossa,*  \ 
12467;  <The  Drum,*  12468;  <Gone  in  the  Wind,*  12469;  <To]d  by 
a  Brahmin  * 31    12470 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxxi 

Poetical  readings  from  Korner,—<  My  Native  Land,>  22  8727;  <  Prayer 
During  the  Battle,>  8728;  <Summons,>  8729;  <Lutzow's  Wild 
Chase,  >  8730;  <  Sword  Song,>  8731 ;  ^The  Three  Stars  > 22      8734 

Readings  from  Miiller's  <  The  Pretty  Maid  of  the  Mill  > 26  10444-52 

Readings  of  thoughtful  verse  from  Platen 29   115 15-18 

Poetical  readings  from  Heine,— <  Atlas, >  18  7191;  <The  Lorelei,>  7192; 
<Pine  and  Palm,>  7192;  <  Love  Songs.>  7193;  <My  Heart  with 
Hidden  Tears  is  Swelling,)  7194;  <Will  She  Come?>  7194;  <Kath- 
arina,>  7194;  <Gold,>  7195:  <Glimpses,>  7195;  <The  Fisher's  Hut,> 
7196;  <In  the  Fisher's  Cabin,>  7196;  <The  Grammar  of  the  Stars,> 
7197;  <Sonnets  to  His  Mother,>  7197;  <The  Jewels,>  7198;  < Voices 
from  the  Tomb  > 18      7199 

Poetical  readings  from   the   Suabian   lyrist  Morike, — <My  River,>  26 

10320 ;  <  Two  Lovers  > 26    10321 

Poetical  readings  from  Freiligrath,— <The  Emigrants,)  15  6004;  <The 
Lion's  Ride,>  6006;  <Rest  in  the  Beloved,*  6008;  <  Love  so  Long 
as  Love  Thou  Canst  > 15      6009 

Poetical   selections   from    Geibel, — <See'st  Thou   the   Sea?>  15    6249; 

<  As  It  Will  Happen,)  6250 ;  <  Onward  > 15      6252 

Poetical  readings  from  the  German  of  Scheffel, — <  Song  of  the  Ichthy- 
osaurus,) 32  12854;  ^Declaration  and  Departure,)  12855-61;  <Song: 
Farewell,)  12861;  <  Songs  of  Hiddigeigei,  the  Tom-Caf) 32   12862-64 

Three  poetical  readings  from  the  German  peasant  woman  Johanna 

Ambrosius i     45  r-53 

German  poetical  reading, — <01d  Winter  Is  the  Man  for  Me) 9       3759 


French. —  Readings  of  early  French  poetry  from  Frangois  Villon, — 
<Here  Beginneth  Villon,)  38  15399-403;  <  Ballad  of  Old-Time 
Ladies,)  15403;  <  Ballads  of  Old-Time  Lords,)  15404,  15405;  <  Ballad 
of  the  Women  of  Paris,)  15405;  <  Ballad  to  do  Homage  to  Our 
Lady,)  15406;  <  Roundel,)  15407;  <  Ballad  of  Villon  in  Prison.)  15408; 

<  Epitaph  in  Ballad  Form,)  15409;  <  Ballad  of  Things  Known  and 
Unknown,)  15410;  <  Ballad  of  Those  who  Missay  of  France,)  15410; 

<The  Debate  of  the  Heart  and  Body  of  Villon ) 38    15411 

Sonnets  and  songs  from  Ronsard 31   12379-83 

Readings  of  Breton  ballad  poetry, — <The  Wine  of  the  Gauls  and  the 
Dance   of  the   Sword,)  38    15381-83;    <The   Tribute   of   King  No- 

menoe,)  15383-86;  <The  Foster-Brother ) 38   15388-91 

Eleven  examples-  of  translations  from  Provencal  poems 30  11877-90 

Readings  of  Provengal  poetry  from   Mistral, — <  Invocation,)  25   loioo; 

<  Tunny  Fishing.)  loioi;  <  Ballad  of  Guibour,)  10103 ;  <The  Scaling 

of  Ventour,)  10105;  ^Epilogue,)  10107;  ^The  Aliscamp) 25    10108 

Examples  from  Beranger, — <The  Bohemians,)  4  1788;  <The  Gad- 
Fly,>  1788;   <Draw   It  Mild,)  1789;    (The   King  of  Yvetot,)   1790; 

<  Fortune,)  1792;  <The  People's  Reminiscences,)  1793-94;  <The 
Old  Tramp,)  1795;  <  Fifty  Years,)  1796;  <The  Garret,)  1797;  <My 
Tomb) 4        1798 


cdlxxii  OUTLINE  SURVEY  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL 

Poetical    readings   from    Beaudelaire, — < Meditation,'    4    1624;    <The 
Death  of  the  Poor,>  1624;  <Music,>  1625;  <The  Broken  Bell,>  1625; 

<  The  Enemy,'  1626 ;  < Beauty,'  1626 ;  <  Death  > 4        1627 

Readings  from  Lamartine;  story, — <The   Fisherman's   Daughter,'  22 

8806-11  ;■  poetical,— <  To   My   Lamp,'  8811;   <Ode  to  the   Lake  of 

B ,'  8813 ;  <  Far  from  the  World ' 22     8815 

Readings  from  De  Vigny, — < Moses,'  38  15343;  *Eloa,'  15343;  *Laur- 

ette,  or  the  Red  Seal '  (prose  story) 38   15344-53 

Readings  from  Victor  Hugo;  poetical, — <The  Cities  of  the  Plain,'  19 

7725;     <The    Sacking    of    the    City,'    7726;     <01d    Ocean,'    7727; 

<  Prayer,'  7727-29;  <My  Thoughts  of  Ye,'  7730;  < Napoleon,'  7731; 
<The  Retreat  from  Moscow,'  7732;  <The  Lions,'  7734-37;  <The 
Conspiracy ' 19  7738-50 

Six  French  lyrics  from  Musset 26  10506-10 

Readings  of  thoughtful  poetry  from  Sully-Prudhomme, — <The  Missal,' 
36   14212;    <  If  You  but  Knew,'  14217;    <  Separation,'  14218;   <The 

Death  Agony ' 36    14219 

Ten  sonnets  from  the  French  of  Her6dia 18  7280-84 

Poetical  readings  from  Deroulede, — <  The  Harvest,'  11  4581;* In  Good 

Quarters  '  4582-  <Good  Fighting,'  4583;  <  Last  Wishes' 11     4584 


Italian. —  Dante  poetical  readings, — Three  passages  from  the  ^  In- 
ferno,' u  4359-66;  three  passages  from  the  <Purgatorio,' 4367-75  ; 
passage  from  the  <  Paradiso ' 11  4376-78 

Poetical  readings  from  the  Italian  of  Petrarch, — <0  My  Own  Italy,' 
29  11366-68;  <To  Rienzi,'  11369-71;  <To  the  Virgin  Mary,'  11371- 
75;  <To  the  Fountain  of  Vaucluse,'  11375;  fifteen  sonnets 29  11376-83 

Readings  from  Tasso, — From  the  <  Jerusalem  Delivered,'  eleven  ex- 
amples, 36  14475-506;  from  <The  Aminta,'  14506-09;  a  group  of 
odes  and  sonnets 36  14509-17 

Epigrammatic  sonnets  of  Giordano  Bruno 6  2621,  2622 

Three  large  examples  from  the  <  Orlando  Furioso'  of  Ariosto 

2  745-50,  751-53,  754-59 

Three  Italian  sonnets  by  Filicaia, — <Time,'  < Providence, '  < Italy '...14      5733 

Readings  from  the  Italian  satires  of  Parini, — <The  Toilet  of  an  Ex- 
quisite,' 28  1 1043;  <The  Lady's  Lap-Dog,'  11045;  <The  After- 
noon Call '    28    1 1046 

Poetical  satirical  readings  from  <Giusti,' — <  Lullaby,'    16  6356;    <The 

Steam-Guillotine ' 16     6357 

Poetical  readings  from  Carducci, — <Roma,'  8  3209;  < Homer,'  3209; 
<In  a  Gothic  Church,'  3210;  <The  Sixth  Centenary  of  Dante,' 
3210;  <The  Ox,'  3211;  <Dante,'  3211;  <To  Satan,'  3212-16;  <To 
Aurora,'  3217-19;  <The  Mother' 8        3219 

Hungarian. —  Poetical  readings  from  Petofi,, — <  Master  Paul,'  29  11350; 
<Song  of  Lament,'  11351;  <  May-Night,'  11351;  <  Faithfulness,' 
11352;  < Wife  and  Sword,'  11353;  <Our  Country,'  11354;  <OneOnly 
Thought,'  1 1355 ;  <  Indifference ' 29      11356 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxxiii 

Dutch. —  Poetical     readings    from    the    Dutch     Bilderdijk, — <Ode    to  * 

Beauty,>  4  1887;  From  < The  Ode  to  Napoleon, >  1888-90;  <  Slighted 
Love,>  1890;   <The  Village  Schoolmaster* 4        1892 

Swedish. —  Poetical  readings  from  the  Swedish  poet  Bellman, — <To 
Ulla,*  4  1767;  <  Cradle  Song,>  1769;  <Amaryllis.>  1769;  <Art  and 
Politics,'  1771 ;  <  Drink  Out  Thy  Glass  > 4        1772 

Readings  from  the  Swedish  of  Tegner, — <Frithiof  and  Ingeborg,'  36 
14566-70;  < Frithiof  Goes  into  Banishment,*  14571-73;  < The  Viking 
Code,*  14573-76 ;  < The  Reconciliation > 36  14576-80 

Choice  readings  from  Atterbom, — <  The  Genius  of  the  North,*  2  934; 
<The  Lily  of  the  Valley,*  936;  <Svanhvit's  Colloquy,*  937-40;  <  The 
Mermaid  * 2    941-42 

Readings  from  the  Swedish  of  Runeberg, — <  Ensign  Stal,*  32  12500; 
<The  Village  Girl,*  12502;  <The  Old  Man's  Return,*  12504;  <The 
Swan,*  12505;  <The  Work -Girl,*  12506;  <  My  Life,*  12507;  <  Idyll*.  3  2    12508 

Danish. —  Story-reading  from  Goldschmidt, — <Assar  and  Mirjam*  .  .16  6495-500 
Poetical    readings    from    Paludan-Miiller, —  Hymn    to    the   Sun,*    28 

11019 ;  <Adam  and  His  Mother  * 28    1 1020 

Sea  story  reading  from  Drachmann, — <The  Skipper  and  His  Ship*.  12  4842-48 

Norwegian. —  Readings  from  the  Norwegian  poet  and  critic  Wel- 
haven, — <A  Sonnet,*  38    15781;    <  The   Revolution  of  1848,*  15781; 

<  Goliath,*  1 5782 ;  <  Protesilaos  * 38    15783 

Readings  from  the  Norse  writer  Bjornson, — <  Over  the  Lofty  Moun- 
tains,* 5   1968;  <The  Cloister  in  the   South,*   1969;    <The   Plea  of 

King  Magnus,*  1971;  <Sin  and  Death,*  1971;  <The  Princess  *,...  5        1972 
Norse  patriotic  poem, — <  The  Prince's  Song  * 12     4849 

Polish. —  Peadings  from  the  Polish  of  Mickiewicz, — <  Father's  Return,* 

2  5   loooo ;  <  Primrose,*  10002 ;  <  New  Year's  Wishes  * •25    10004 

Readings  from  the  Polish  of  Slowacki, —  From  <Mindowe,*  34  13511-17; 

<I  Am  So  Sad,  O  God* 34  13517-18 

Readings  from  Krasinski's  <The  Undivine  Comedy,* — <  Invocation  to 
Poetry,*  22  8737;  <Pancras's  Monologue,*  8739;  *  Count  Henry's 
Monologue,*  8740;  <  Introduction  to  the  Last  Act,*  8741;  <Aristoc- 
racy's  Last  Stand,*  8742;  <The  Triumph  of  Christianity* 22     8744 

Portuguese. —  Readings    from    Camoens,  —  <The    Lusiads,*    Canto    I. 

and  Canto  III..   8  3137-52;  <The  Canzon  of  Life* 8  3152-58 

Spanish. —  Poetical  readings   from  Hallevi's   Jewish  Songs  of   Zion, — 

<  Ode  to  Zion,*  i  7  6871 ;  <  Longing  for  Jerusalem  * 17     6874 

Examples  from  <The  Poem  of  My  Cid * 9  3733-36 

Alcdzar  on  <Sleep,*   and  <  The  Jovial  Supper  * i  273 

Poetical  reading  from  the  early  Spanish  poet  Boscan, — *A  Picture  of 

Domestic  Happiness  * 5  2206-08 


cdlxxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Spanish  poetic  readings  from  Espronceda, — <To  Spain:  an  Elegy, >  14 

5552 ;  <  The  Song  of  the  Pirate  > 14      5554 

Spanish  lyrics  from  Zorrilla, — <To  My  Lyre,>  39  16327;  <In  the  Cathe- 
dral of  Toledo,>  16328;  <To  Spain,>  16328;  <The  Dirge  of  Larra,> 
16329;  ^ Aspiration  > 39    16330 

Bulgarian. —  Readings   from    Bulgarian  poets, —  Boteff's  poem   on  the 

death  of  Hadjy  Dimitre,  38  15265;  Vazoff's  <The  Pine-Tree  > 38    15269 

Roumanian. —  Readings  of  poetry  from  Elizabeth,  Queen  of  Rou- 
mania, — < Fodder-Time, >  36  14331 ;  <The  Sower,>  14331;  <The 
Boatman's  Song,>  14332;  <The  Country  Letter-Carrier,)  14332; 
<The  Stone-Cutter,>  14333;  <The  Post,>  14333-35;  <  Dimbovitza,> 
14335;  <Longing,>  14335;  <  Carmen  > 36    14336 

Russian. —  Examples  of  Russian  lytic  poetry;  Ten  examples  from 
Pushkin,  32  12590-95;  Four  from  Lermontov,  12596,  12597;  Two 
from  Nekrassov,  12598;  Three  from  Zoukovsky,  12599;  Kozlov's 
<The  Vesper  Bells,*  12600;  Four  from  Tutchev,  12601,  12602; 
Homiakoff's  <  Russian  Song,*  12603;  Three  from  Maykov,  12604, 
12605;  Two  from  Count  Tolstoy,  12605,  12606;  Polonsky's  <Skob- 
elev,>  12606;  Two  from  Sheashin,  12606,  12607;  <Folk-Songs>  from 
Apukhtin,  12607;  < Sorrow*  (author  unknown). .  , 32    12608 

RELIGIOUS  THOUGHT,   SENTIMENT,   AND   SONG 

Egyptian  Religious  and  Didactic  Readings. —  Confessions  of  the  Soul 
at  Judgment,  1 3  5320-22 ;  ^Teaching  of  Amenemhat,*  5323-27 ;  < The 
Prisse  Papyrus,*  5327-29;  <The  Instruction  of  Ptahhetep,*  5329-40; 
<The  Maxims  of  Any,*  5340-42;  ^Instruction  of  Dauf,*  5342;  <The 
Scribe  and  the  Fellah,*  5343;  <  Reproaches  to  a  Dissipated  Stud- 
ent*  13      5344 

Persian. — <A  Psalm  of  Zoroaster,*  from  the  Zend-Avesta 3  1088-90 

Ten  examples  from  the  Zoroastrian  Scriptures 3  1093-99 

Zoroaster's  praise  of  domestic  life 3        1097 

Zoroaster's  <  Prayer  for  Knowledge  * 3  1093-94 

Thoughts  of  mysticism  from  the  Persian  Riimi, — *  Divine  Affections,* 
32   12489;  <The  Merchant  and  the  Parrot,*  12490-93;  ^The  Chinese 

and  Roman  Artists  * 32    12493 

Apologues  from  the  Persian  of  Attar's  <  Bird-Parliament,* — <The 
Fortune  of  the  Great,*  14  5806;  <The  Miser,*  5807;  <The  Proof,* 
5808;    <  Compulsory  Repentance,*  5809;   <  Clogs  to  the  Soul,*  5810; 

^Mortality,*  5811 ;  <The  Welcome*. 14     5811 

Hindu. — Examples  of  Vedic  hymns,  20  7939-46;  *  Legend  of  the  Flood,* 
7947;  <  Dialogue,*  7947  ;< The  Wisdom  of  Death,*  7949;  Buddhistic 
Thoughts,  7950-53;  ^The  Death  of  Buddha,*  7953,  7954;  Indian 
epic  examples,  7955-59;  Fable,  <The  Ass  and  the  Jackal,*  7959; 
dramatic  example,  7960;  translations  from  various  poets 20  7961-66 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OF  INTEREST  cdlxxv 

Cicero  on  the  death  of  his  daughter  TuUia 9        3704 

Cicero's  <The  Dream  of  Scipio,*  his  argument  for  immortality 9  3717-24 

Lucretius  on  the  evils  of  superstitution 23      9314 

<  Saint  Bernard's  Hymn  > 4        1822 

Saint  Bernard  on  <  Monastic  Luxury  > 4  1823-25 

Magnificence  of  the  Latin  poetry  of  Bernard  of  Cluny 4        1829 

English  translation  of  his  <  Brief  Life  Is  Here  Our  Portion  > 4  1830-33 

The  Vesper  Hymn  of  Abelard i  33 

Readings  of  mysticism,  from  Saint  Francis  de  Sales 32  12733-42 

Readings  of  poetical  thought  from  Giordano  Bruno, — <  The  Song  of  the 
Nine  Singers,*  6  2619;  <Of  Immensity,*  2621;  <Life  Well  Lost,* 
2621;    < Parnassus  Within,*  2621;  < Compensation,*  2622;  <Life  for 

Song  * 6        2622 

Large  collection  of  utterances  of  thought  from  Erasmus 14  5522-37 

Readings  from  Martin  Luther, — <To  the  German  Nobles,*  23  9325; 
<0n  Christian  Liberty,*  9326;  *  Reply  at  the  Diet  of  Worms,* 
9328-32;  < Letter  to  Melanchthon,*  9333;  < Letter  to  His  Wife,*  9334; 
< The  Value  and  Power  of  Music,*  9339;  <  Letter  to  His  Little  Son 
Hans,*  9340;  Poetical, — <A  Safe  Stronghold  Is  Our  God,*  9332; 
<A  Christmas  Hymn  for  Children,*  9337;  < Table  Talk  and  Say- 
ings of  Luther  * 23  9341-47 

Thoughts  of  truth  and  belief  from  Lessing 23  9017-21 

Readings  of  religious  thought  from  Maimonides 24  9594-604 

Readings  of  new  philosophy  from  Swedenborg, — <  The  Contiguity  and 
Harmony  of  the  World,*  36  14243;  <The  Perfect  Man  the  True 
Philosopher,*    14246;    <The   Internal    Sense  of   the  Word,*    14248; 

<  Heaven  and  Earth  Brought  Into  Association,*  14250;  <The 
Church  Universal,*  14251;  <The  Ethics  of  Swedenborg,*  14252-55; 
^Marriage,*  14255;  < Second  Coming  of  the  Lord* 36    14258 

Readings  from  Wyclif's  English  version  of  the  New  Testament..  .39  16237-42 
New  Testament  readings  selected  by  Dean  Farrar, — <  The  Sermon  on 
the  Mount*  27  10578-84;  From  <St.  Mark,*  10584;  <The  Good 
Samaritan,*  10585;  <  The  Prodigal  Son,*  10585;  <0n  the  Sabbath,* 
10586;  <Discipleship,*  10588;  <  Conversion  of  Paul,*  10589;  <The 
Nature  of  Love,*  10591 ;  ^Immortality,*  10591 ;   <From  the  Epistle 

of  Jude,*   10593 ;   <  The  Vision  *   27  10594-96 

Readings  from  John  Bunyan, — <  The  Fight  with  ApoUy on,*  7  2754-57; 

<  The  Delectable  Mountains,*  2758-61 ;  <  Christiana  and  Her  Com- 
panions Enter  the  Celestial  City  * 7  2761-66 

Readings  from  Calvin, — <  Calvin's  Address  to  the  French  King,*  8 
3120;    <  Election   and    Predestination,*   3123-26;   <  Freedom    of   the 

Will* 8        3127 

Puritan   Evangelical  conceptions  from  Jonathan  Edwards 13  5179-88 

Sermon   readings   from   John   Wesley, — *The    New    Birth,*    38    15794; 
<Our    Stewardship,*    15796;    <The    Kingdom    of   Heaven,*    15799; 
<The   Love  that   Hopeth   and    Endureth   All   Things,*    15801.  <A 
Catholic  Spirit,*  15802 ;  <  The  Last  Judgment  * 38    15804 


Cdlxxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Readings  of  religious  poetry  from  Charles  Wesley, — <Thou  Hidden 
Love  of  God,>  38  15807;  <  Father  I  Stretch  My  Hands  to  Thee,> 
15808;  <Light  of  Life,  Seraphic  Fire,>  15808;  <Love  Divine,  All 
Love  Excelling,)  15809;  < Eternal  Beam  of  Love  Divine,*  15810; 
<Gentle  Jesus,  Meek  and  Mild,>  15810;  < Thou  Very  Present  Aid,> 
15812;  <Hail,  Holy,  Holy,  Holy  Lord,>  15813;  <A  Charge  to  Keep 
I  Have,>  15813;   <And   Have   I   Measured   Half  My  Days,>    15814; 

<  Jesus,  Lover  of  My  Soul.>  15816;  <Jesu,  My  Strength,  My  Hope>.  .38    15817 
Hymn   readings  from    Isaac  Watts, — <  Our  God,  Our    Help   in   Ages 

Past,*  38  15718;  <  Jesus  Shall  Reign  Where'er  the  Sun,>  15719; 
<Joy  to  the  World,*  15720;  <Thou  Whom  My  Soul  Admires,* 
15720;  <  Welcome,  Sweet  Day  of  Rest,*  15721;  <Come,  Holy  Spirit, 
Heavenly  Dove,*  15721;  <  There  Is  a  Land  of  Pure  Delight,*  15722; 
<When  1  Survey  the  Wondrous  Cross,*  15722;  <  Let  Dogs  Delight 

to  Bark  and  Bite,*  15723;  <How  Doth  the  Little  Busy  Bee* 38    15724 

Serious  readings,  prose  and  poetry,  from  Mrs.  Barbauld, — <Against 
Inconsistency  in  Our  Expectations,*  4   1484-90;  <A  Dialogue  of  the 

Dead,*  1490-94;  <Life,*.  1494;  < Praise  to  God*     4        1495 

Reading  from  Mary  WoUstonecraft, — <  Modern  Ideal  of  Womanhood  *.  3  9  16132-44 

On  Friendship:  from  Grace  Aguilar's  < Woman's  Friendship* i  226 

About  Knighthood:  from  Miss  Aguilar's  <The  Days  of  Bruce* i    227-30 

Religious  readings  from  J.  H.  Newman, —  Prose, —  <The  Transition* 
(to  Catholicism),  27  10605;  <The  Locusts,*  10610;  <Callista  and 
Agellius,*  10612;  < Mother  and  Son,*  10614;  Poetical, —  <The  Sep- 
aration  of    Friends,*  10615;   « Lead,  kindly  Light,**    10616;  <  After 

Death,*  10616;  < Angel*  27    10618 

Symonds  on  religion  as  represented  in  Italian  art 36  14340-50 

Essay  reading  from  F.  W.  H.  Myers, — <  Science  and  a  Future  Life,* 

<  The  Spiritual  State  of  France  * 26   10513-21 

Readings   of  religious  thought  from   F.  D.  Maurice, —  Letter  on  the 

Divinity   of   Christ,   25   9830;  On  the  Bible  in  reply  to   Froude, 

9832 ;  Sermon  on  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven 25  9832-42 

Readings  from  Dr.  F.  W.  Farrar, —  <Paul  before  Festus  and  Agrippa,* 
14  5628-33;  <  Roman  Civilization  under  Nero,*  5633-37;  *  Christ 
and  Pilate  * 14  5637-40 

Religious  poetical   readings  from  Paul  Fleming, —  < Resignation,*    14 

5845 ;  <  Trust  in  Divine  Providence  * 14      5846 

Readings  from  Montaigne  on  <  Friendship,*  <  Books,*  and  <  Repent- 
ance * 26   10241-48 

Readings  of  liberal  thought  from  J.  W.  Draper, — <The  Vedas  and 
Their  Theology,*  12  4866;  <  Primitive  Beliefs  and  Scientific  Knowl- 
edge,* 4868-70 ;  <  The   Koran  > 12  4870-76 

Readings  of  liberal  thought  from  Dr.  Channing, — <The  Passion  for 
Power  in  Napoleon,*  9  3514;  <The  Causes  of  War,*  3516;  < Spirit- 
ual Freedom  * 9  3518-22 

Notable  words  of  Phillips  Brooks,— <0  Little  Town  of  Bethlehem,*  6 
2420 ;< Personal   Character,*   2421;    < Courage   of  Opinions,*   2422; 

<  Literature  and  Life  * 6        2423 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxxvii 

Reading  of  radical  religious  thought  from  Theodore  Parker, — <  Mis- 
takes About  Jesus  > 28    1 1077 

Readings  of   radical   thought  from   D.  A.  Wasson,— <The    Genius  of 

Woman, >  3  8   15684-90 ;  <  Social  Texture  > 38   15690-gi 

Deroulede's  song  of  thanksgiving  for  the  harvest 11      4581 

Reading  from  E.  P.  Whipple, — <  Domestic  Service  > 39  15840-50 

<  Milton's  Prayer  of  Patience, >  4 1   16895 ;  <  Dies  Irse  > 41   16908-1 1 

Edward  Slosson's  English  translation  of  <  Dies  Irae>  .  .• 41    16909 

Milton's  <  Hymn  on  the  Nativity  > 25    10048 

Herrick's  <To  Keep  a  True  Lent> 18      7311 

Chapman's  picture  of  a  soldier  facing  death    9        353o 

Campbell's  <  Death  and  a  Future  Life  > 8  3168-71 

Typical  hymns  by  Sir  John  Bowring, — «In  the  Cross  of  Christ  I  Glory,» 

5  2265 ;  <  Watchman !  What  of  the  Night  ?  >  2266 ;  « From  the  Re- 
cesses of  a  Lowly  Spirit » 5  2267 

Danish  church  use  of  Ingemann's  <  Evening  and  Morning  Songs,  >   20 

7983 ;  <  A  Morning  Song  > 20  7990 

Goethe's  <  Chorus  of   the  Archangels, >   16  6396;  <The  Godlike, >  6446; 

*■  Nature,*  6454;  « Art  is  long,  life  short» 16  6438 

Bryant's  < The  Future  Life> 6  2640 

Bryant's     «They  have  not  perished* 6  2642 

«What,  then,  is   Life,— what  Death  ?»  (R.  W.  Gilder),    16  6349;  <Call 

Me  Not  Dead,>  6354;  « Through  love  to  light » 16  6354 

J.  G.  Holland's  «God  give  us  men»  and  < Daniel  Gray* ig  7454,  7455 

A  poetical  sermon  on  trust  in  Providence 14  5846 

Sentiment:  < If  I  Should  Die  To-Night  > 40  16378 

<  The  Earth  and  Man  > 40  16388 

<  The  Safe  Horizon  > 40  16392 

A  lay  of  confidence  in  Providence 40  16444 

*■  Her  Creed,* — « I  only  strive  to  follow  Him, »  4  o  16663 ;  <A  Saint  of  Yore  *.  4  o  16664 

< Why  Thus  Longing ?> 41  16728 

<The  Larger  Prayer,  >  41   16767;    «A  hope  that  all  men  have,»  16768; 

<The  Burial  of  Moses,>  16793;  «0  dear  and  friendly  Death, »  16802; 
«Into  the  Silent  Land,»  16805;  «Life  is  a  count  of  losses, »  16807; 
<The  Wind  of  Death > 41    16809 

« Where  goest  thou,  Soul?»  41    16832;  <The    Soul's   Defiance,*  16834; 

<  Any  Soul  to  Any  Body  > 41    16835 

«0  Life  that  maketh  all  things  new,»  41   16837;  <  Shall  I  Look  Back?> 

16839 ;  < Life,>  16840 ;  « O  thou  eternal  One  » 41    16841 

«I  cannot  find  Thee,»  41  16842;  <The  Indwelling  God,>  16843;  ^The 
Comforter,)  16843;  < Mystery,)  16845;  <Nightfall,>  16847;  < Abide 
with  Me,>  16848;  <Help  Thou  My  Unbelief,>  16849;  < Light  Shin- 
ing Out  of  Darkness  > 41    16850 

«Ye  golden  lamps  of  heaven,»  41   16850;  <God  with  Us,>  16851 ;  <Rest,> 

16852;  <We  Are  Children,)  16854;  ^  Perfect  Peace  > 41    16854 

<  Rocked  in  the  Cradle  of  the  Deep,>  41    16855;  ^No  More  Sea,>  16855; 

«0  Paradise,  O  Paradise,»  16860;  <  Peace  on  Earth,>  16861;  hymns 

of  faith,  16863-65 ;  <  The  Gate  of  Heaven  > 41    16866 


cdlxxviii  outline  survey  of  the  principal 

<The  Hope  of  the  Heterodox,^  41    i686g;  <Hymn  and  Prayer,>  16870; 

<  For  Divine  Strength  > 41    16872 

< Jesus  the  Carpenter,)  41   16876;  ^Character  of  a  Happy  Life,>  16877; 

<The  Old  Church,)  16885 ;  <The  Circuit  Preacher > 41    16887 

Select  passages  from  the  Old  Testament  and  the  Jewish  Apocrypha 

27   10775-818 

Chapters  from  the  Qu'ran  or  Koran, —  Chapter  xxxv.,  The  Creator,  2 
690-94;   Chapter  Iv.,  The   Merciful,  694-96;   Chapter  Ixxxiv.,  The 

Rending  in  Sunder 2  6g6 

Ibn  Gabirol  on  Gk)d  in  Creation 3   1102-05 

Plato  on  immortality,  the  soul,  and  final  judgment 29  11538-49 

<  The  Nature  of  the  Soul,)  by  Aristotle ....  2    795-97 

Readings   of   ancient   free-thinking   from    Lucretius, — <  Invocation    to 
Venus,)  23  9312-13;  <The  Evil  of  Superstition,)  9314;  <  Foolishness 
'        of  Luxury,)  9315;  <The  Nothingness  of  Death,)  9316;  <The  Spirit- 
uality of  Material  Things ) 23      9317 

The  creed  of  wisdom  set  forth  by  Marcus  Aurelius,  3  1022-24;  re- 
markable   examples    of    the    religious    use    of    it,    1023;    a    large 

variety  of  examples  from  his  moral  and  religious  utterances 3   1028-44 

Thomas  a  Kempis,  <*a  minnesinger  of  the  love  of  god,))  21  8532; 
songs  of  a  Kempis,  ^  On  the  Joys  of  Heaven,)  and  <On  Christian 

Patience,)  8533,  8534;  thoughts  from  the  < Imitation) 21   8535-40 

Suggestions  from  Richter  on  belief  in  God  and  Immortality 31   12262-63 

Religious  thoughts  from  Pascal ...28   11 145-56 

.Suggestions  of  critical  thought  in  the  utterances  of  Lamennais 22  8848-60 

Maeterlinck  on  <  The  Tragical  in  Daily  Life ) 24     9562 

Thomas  Hobbes  on  <  God,  Almighty ) 18      7387 

F.  W.  Robertson  on  <The  Early  Development  of   Christ,)  29  12308- 

II,  and  <The  Universal  Nature  of  Christ) 29  12312-14 

H.  W.  Beecher  on  < Sunday,)  «New  England's  one  great  poem))..  .  .   4   1737-48 
Selected    thoughts   of    H.    W.     Beecher,    4    1723-25;   sermon    on    the 

genius  of  Christianity  disclosed  by  Christ  himself 4   1725-37 

J.  G.  Palfrey  on  Salem  Witchcraft 28   10990-1000 

Emerson  on  excellence  immortal,  1 3  5464 ;  on  freedom  an  eternal  fact, 

5466 ;  on  inspiration  universal  13      5457 

Dr.  Elisha  Mulford  on  Man  and  God,  26  10420,  10421;  on  the  Scrip- 
tures   26  10422-24 

Readings   of  thought  from    Henry    Van    Dyke, — <  Little    Rivers,)  37 

15238-41 ;  <The  Malady  of  Modern  Doubt)  ...    37   15242-45 

SCHOOL   OR   SUNDAY-SCHOOL    READINGS 

<The  Golden  Sunset,)  40  16535;  <The  Bivouac  of  the  Dead)    40    16569 

<The  Wanderer,)  40  16409;  «Over  the  river  they  beckon  to  me,)) 
16411;  <Our  Mother,)  16412;  «God  of  our  fathers  known  of  old,)) 
16433;  "Confide  ye  aye  in  Providence,))  16444;  «I  cannot  make 
him  dead,))  16449;    *Are  the  Children  at  Home?)   16450;   < Tired 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdlxxiX 

Mothers,*  16455;   <  Parable   of  the   Mother  and   the  Child, >  16457; 

< The  Dead  Mother,>  16462 ;    < Little  Willie > 40  16464 

Whittier's  <  Centennial  Hymn  > 39  15938 

Whittier's  <  The  Eternal  Goodness  > 39  15927 

<  In  School  Days  > 39  15926 

Buffon's  <The  Humming-Bird  >  as  nature's  masterpiece 6  2695 

Bilderdijk's  <The  Village  Schoolmaster  > .4  1892 

School  readings, — Jean   Ingelow's  <The   High  Tide   on  the   Coast  of 

Lincolnshire, >  20  7974;  <  Lettice  White* 20  7979 

Bjornson's  <How  the  Mountain  Was  Clad,^  5  1977,  and  <The  Father*. 5  1980 

Ingemann's  <  Carl  and  the  Kohlman  > 20  7984-90 

Southey's  < The  Battle  of  Blenheim,*  35   13685;  < The  Inchcape  Rock*. 3 5  13683 

<  Robert  of  Lincoln,*  by  Bryant 6  2636 

Byron's  <The  Battle  of  Waterloo,*  7  2981;  <The  Destruction  of  Sen- 
nacherib,* 2995  ;    <  The  Prisoner  of  Chillon  * 7  2996 

Campbell's  <The  Soldier's  Dream,*  8  3173;  <Lord  Ullin's  Daughter,* 
3174;  <The  Exile  of  Erin,*  3176;  <Ye  Mariners  of  England,*  3177; 

<  Hohenlinden  * 8        3178 

Hood's    < Faithless   Sally    Brown,*    19    7592;    <The    Bridge   of   Sighs,* 

7600 ;  <  The  Song  of  the  Shirt  * 19      7602 

Wolfe's  < Burial  of  Sir  John  Moore,*  40  16396;  Montgomery's  <Arnold 

Winkelried  * 40    16397 

Buchanan's  <The  Strange  Country* 40    16388 

<Oh  the  Pleasant  Days  of  Old  * 41    17024 

<Sir  John  Barleycorn,*  40  16474;  Halpine's  <The  Trooper  to  His  Mare  *.4o    1648 1 

Nora  Perry's  <Af ter  the  Ball  * 40    16447 

<Andre's  Ride  *  (by  A.  H.  Beesly)   40    16382 

< Death's  Three  Warnings,*  41  16702;  <The  Crystal  Fountain,*  16708; 
<The  Strasburg  Clock,*  16710;  <Fohi's  Retribution,*  16712;  < Bruce 

and  the  Spider,*  16713 ;  <The  Wants  of  Man  * 41   16715-20 

<The  Place  to  Die,*  40    16377;    *  Little    Bell,*  16400;    <An   Experience 

and  a  Moral  > 40    16402 

(The  Night  before  Christmas,*  40   16512;   <The   Frost,*  16514;   <The 

Apple-Tree* 40    16526 

<The  Rock  and  the  Sea*  (a  reading  for  two),  40  16552;  < Ships  at  Sea*.. 40    16406 
<The  Settler,*  40  16557;   <The  Great  Bell  Roland,*  16562;    ^A  Fancy 
Shot,*    16565;    <Music    in    Camp,*    16567;    <The    Bivouac    of    the 

Dead,*  16569;  < Monterey  * 40    16571 

<The  Midnight  Review,*  40  16572;  <The  Private  of  the  Buffs.*  16574; 
<Riding  Together,*  16575;   < Antony  and  Cleopatra,*  16576;    <The 

Crowing  of  the  Red  Cock  * 40    16578 

< Curfew  Must  Not  Ring  To-Night,*  40  16584;  <  Sally  in  Our  Alley,* 
16603;  *The  Praise  of  Little  Women,*  16630;  <The  King  of  Den- 
mark's Ride,*  16650;   < Hannah  Binding  Shoes* 40    16651 

<Hermione,*  41  16669;  ^Betsey  and  I  Are  Out,*  16671;  <How  Betsey 
and  I  Made  Up,*  16673;  <When  My  Cousin  Comes  to  Town,* 
16676;  <Miss  Flora  M'FHmsey,  of  Madison  Square,*  16677;  *01d 
Grimes  Is  Dead  * 41    16683 


Cdlxxx  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

<Ben  Bolt,>  40  16413;  <The  Old  Oaken  Bucket,>  16414;  <The  Brave 
Old  Oak,>  16414;  < Woodman,  Spare  that  Tree,>  16415;  <The  Old 
Arm -Chair  > 40    16416 

<Song  of  Steam, >  40  16417;  < Tubal  Cain,>  16419;  <I  and  the  King,> 
16421;  <  Stonewall  Jackson's  "Way,>  16422;  <The  Cause  of  the 
South  > 40    16423 

<Tom    Dunstan,    or    Freedom's   Ahead,>    41    16732;  < Sealed    Orders,> 

16740 ;  /  The  Guide-Post  > 41    16743 

<The  People's  Petition,)  41  16751;  <The  Song  of  the  Lower  Classes,> 
16752;  <The  Ballad  of  the  Common  Folk,>  16753;  <Song  of  the 
Forge,>  16754 ;  < The  Cowboy > 41    16756 

<The  Old  Pilgrim.)  41   16820-24;  <My  Minde  to  Me  a  Kingdom  Is>  .   41    16828 

<  Lament  of  the  Irish  Emigrant  > 40    16372 

< The  Blue  and  the  Gray  > 40    16351 

SCHOOL   OR   ENTERTAINMENT  RECITATIONS 

School  recitations,  from  La  Fontaine, — <The  Wolf  and  the  Dog,*  2a 
8789;  <The  Two  Doves,)  8790;  <The  Cobbler  and  the  Financier,' 
8794;  <The   Lark   and   the   Farmer,)  8796;  <The  Animals   Sick  of 

the   Plague  )   22      8799 

Religious  recitation, — < Ingemann's   Morning  Song) 20     7990 

Recitation  from  T.  B.  Read, — < Sheridan's  Ride) 30    12097 

Recitations  from  the  Hungarian  poems  of   Petofi, — <  Master  Paul,)  29 

11350;  <One  Only  Thought) 29    11355 

Recitations  from  Maginn, — *  Saint  Patrick,)  2  4  9565 ;  <  Song  of  the  Sea ) .  2  4     9567 
Halleck's   < Marco   Bozzaris,)    17    6862;  <  Robert   Burns,)  6865;    <  Death 

of  Rodman  Drake ) 17      6868 

Recitations   from   Ossianic    ballads, —  <The    Fian  Banners,)  27   1087 1 ; 

<  Lament  for  the  Sons  of  Usnach ) 27    10877 

Recitation  of  society  verse, — <The  Vicar,  >  30  11 761;  <The  Belle  of  the 

Ball) 30    1 1764 

Recitation   from   Richter, — <The   New  Year's   Night   of  a   Miserable 

Man ) 31    12253 

Recitations  from  Scott, — <The  Last  Minstrel,)  33    13058-60;  ^Lochin- 

var ) 33   13060,- 13061 

«How  Glorious  Fall  the  Valiant,)*  3  7    15 165,  15 166;  <The    Fisherman's 

Hymn,)  39  1603 1 ;  <The  Song  of  the  Camp,)  36   14537;  Stedman's 

<  The  Hand  of  Lincoln ) 35    13859 

School  recitations  from  Longfellow, — <The  Beleaguered  City,)  23  9150; 

<The  Skeleton  in  Armor,)  9152-55;  <The  Wreck  of  the  Hesperus,) 
9158;  <The  Village  Blacksmith,)  9161;  <The  Belfry  of  Bruges,) 
9162;  <The  Bridge.)  9164;  <The  Day  Is  Done,)  9167;  <The  Launch- 
ing,) 9169;  <Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert,)  9172;  <My  Lost  Youth) 23     9173 

High-class  scientific  recitation, — «It  has  been  said  that  science  di- 
vorces itself  from  literature )) 37   1 5 1 5  7-60 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxxxi 

SCIENCE   READINGS 

Readings  from  Pliny's  Cyclopedia, — « On  a  Leading  Folly  of  the 
Day,»  29  11575;  on  Artists, —  Apelles,  11577;  Praxiteles,  11579; 
Phidias 29    11580 

Science   reading   from    the   closing   passage   of   Sir   Isaac   Newton's 

<  Principia  > 27  10625-26 

Popular    science    readings  from   Buffon, — <  Nature,*  6    2691-94;    <The 

Humming-Bird  > 6        2695 

Readings  in  science  from  Cuvier, — <On  Changes  in  the  Structure  of 
the  Earth, >  10  4254-61;  <  On  the  Fabulous  Animals  of  the  Ancient 

Writers  > i  o  4261-66 

Popular  science  readings  from  Humboldt's  <  Cosmos, > — <The  Beauty 
and  Unity  of  Nature, >  19  7770-74;  <  Study  of  the  Natural  Sci- 
ences > 19  7774-76 

Carlyle  on    «Man  a  Tool-using  AnimaP* 8        3250 

A  chapter  of  thought  and  science  from  Herbert  Spencer, — <  Manners 

and  Fashion  > 35   13727-50 

A    science    reading    from    Francis    Galton, — <  Comparative   Worth    of 

Different  Races  * 15  6176-84 

Readings  from  Charles  Darwin, — <  Impressions  of  Travel,  >  1 1  4393-96; 
<The  Genesis  of  the  Origin  of  Species,*  4397-400;  ^Curious  Loss 
of  Esthetic  Taste,*  4400;  <  Memorandum  Concerning  His  Little 
Daughter, >  4402 ;  <  Religious  Views,*  4404-08;  <Five  Letters,*  4408- 
14;  <The  Struggle  for  Existence,*  4414;  < Geometrical  Ratio  of 
Increase,*    4416;    <  Nature    of   the    Checks   to    Increase,*    4419-22; 

<  Relations  of  Animals  to  Each  Other  in  the  Struggle  for  Ex- 
istence,* 4422;  <  Meaning  of  Natural  Selection,*  4424-30;  <  Pro- 
gressive   Change    Compared   with    Independent    Creation,*    4431  ^ 

< Creative  Design,*  4432;  < Origin  of  the  Human  Species* 11      4434 

Readings    of    popular    science    by   Tyndall, — <The    Matterhom,*  37 

15142-52;  <The  Claims  of  Science  * 37   15152-60 

Two  geological  readings  by  Agassiz i  214,  220 

Agassiz  on  the  voices  of  animals i  217 

Readings  from  Huxley, — *On  a  Piece  of  Chalk,*  19  7815-22;    <Mate- 

rialism  and   Idealism,*  7822;    < Evolution  and  Ethics,*  7824;    <The 

Physical  Basis  of  Life,*  7825-33;  <Ode  on  Tennyson's  Death*.  .  .  .19  7834 
Popular    science    readings    from    Haeckel, — <A    Ceylon    Sketch,*    17 

6782-87 ;  <  Ceylon  Coral  Banks  * 17  6788-92 

A  science  stor^--  reading    from    John   Muir, — <A  Wind-Storm  in   the 

Sierra  Forests  * 26  10406-14 

Readings  from  Gilbert  White,— < Habits   of  the  Tortoise,*  39    15869; 

<The  House-Swallow,*  15871-74;  <The  House-Cricket* 39    15874 

Readings  from  the  ornithologist,  Alexander  Wilson, — <The  Bluebird,* 

27  1 6019;  <The  Wild  Pigeon,*  16021-30;  <The  Fish-Hawk,*  16030; 

<The  Fisherman's  Hymn* 39    16031 

Popular  science  readings  from   Sir  John   Lubbock,— <  The  Habits  of 

Ants,*  23  9280-83;  < Savages  Compared  with  Children* 23     9283 

31 


Cdlxxxii  OUTLINE  SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

School  readings  from  Buckland's  <  Curiosities  of  Natural  History,* — 
<A  Hunt  in  a  Horse-Pond,  >  6  2662;  <0n  Rats,>  2664-67;  <  Snakes 
and  Their  Poison,  >  2667-70;  <My  Monkey  Jacko> 6        2671 

Three  readings  in  science  from  popular  works  of  Grant  Allen  .  i  400,  403,  406 

A  nature  study  reading  from  John  Burroughs, — <  Sharp  Eyes> 7  2870-81 

Lessing  on  <  The  Education  of  the  Human  Race  > 23     9018 

Schiller  on  the  <  Esthetic  Education  of  Man  > 33    12911 

Educational  readings  from  Froebel, — <The  Right  of  the  Child,  >  15 
6027;  <  Evolution, >  6029;  < Children, >  6031 ;  < Motives, >  6032;  <  Aphor- 
isms > 15     6033 

Two  economic  readings  from  Frederic  Bastiat, — <A  Petition  of  Manu- 
facturers,*  4  1610-13;  ^Stulta  and  Puera,*  1614-15;  <  Inapplicable 
Terms  > 4        1616 

Readings  of  political  philosophy  from  De  Tocqueville, — <  Education  of 
Young  Women  in  the  United  States,  >  37  14969-71;  <  Political  As- 
sociation,*  14971,  14972;  <  Cause  of  Legislative  Instability  in  Amer- 
ica, *  14973;  <  Tyranny  of  the  Majority, >  14974-76;  <  Power  Exer- 
cised by  the  Majority  in  America  upon  Opinion,*  14976-78; 
< Dangers  from  the  Omnipotence  of  the  Majority,*  14978;  < France 
Under  the  Rule  of  the  Middle  Class* 39  14979-84 

An   economic  reading  from   Jeremy    Bentham    on  <The   Principle  of 

Utility  * 4   1776-77 

Readings  of  economic  thought  from  Adam  Smith, — <The  Prudent 
Man,*  34  13524-26;  <The  Wages  of  Labor,*  13527-30;  <Home  In- 
dustries,* 13530-34;  < Military  and  General  Education* 34  13535-36 

Readings  of  economic  thought  from  J.  S.  Mill, — <  Wealth  and  Popula- 
tion,* 25  10014-17;  < Competition,*  looi 7;  <The  Destiny  of  Society,* 
10020 ;  <  Justice  and  Utility  * 25    10022 

Capital  readings  from  the  writings  of  Walter  Bagehot, — <  The  Virtues 
of  Stupidity,*  3  1209;  ^Review  Writing,*  1210;  <Lord  Eldon,* 
121 1 ;  <  Taste,*  12 12;  <  Causes  of  the  Sterility  of  Literature,*  1213; 
*The  Search  for  Happiness,*  1214;  <0n  Early  Reading,*  1215-18; 
<The  Cavaliers,*  1218-19;  ^Morality  and  Fear,*  1219-21;  <The 
Tyranny  of  Convention,*  1221 ;  <How  to  be  an  Influential  Politi- 
cian,* 1222;  <  Conditions  of  Cabinet  Government,*  1223;  <Why 
Early  Societies  Could  Not  Be  Free,*  1225-27;  < Benefits  of  Free 
Discussion  in  Modern  Times,*  1228-31;  *  Origin  of  Deposit  Bank- 
ing*   3  1232-34 

Legal  readings  from  Sir  Henry  Maine, — <The  Beginnings  of  the  Mod- 
ern Laws  of  Real  Property,*  24  9607;  < Importance  of  Knowledge 
of  Roman  Law;  and  Effect  of  the  Code  Napoleon* 24  9610-16 

Canning  on  <The  English   Constitution,*    8    3195-97;  <  Brougham   and 

South  America  > 8        3 197 


TOPICS   AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxxxiU 

STORY  READINGS,  TALES,  AND  FABLES:  FROM  ALL 
LITERATURES 

Egyptian  story  readings,— < The  Shipwrecked  Sailor,>  13  5233-36;  *The 
Story  of  Sanehat,>  5237-49;  *The  Doomed  Prince,>  5250-53;  < Story 
of  the  Two   Brothers,)  5253-62 ;  <The  Story  of  Setna  > 13  5262-74 

Greek  story  readings, —  Fables  from  ^sop, — <The  Fox  and  the  Lion,> 
I  203;  <The  Ass  in  the  Lion's  Skin,>  203;  <The  Ass  Eating 
Thistles,  >  204;  <The  Wolf  in  Sheep's  Clothing,  >  204;  <The  Country- 
man and  the  Snake, >  204;  <The  Belly  and  the  Members,>  205; 
<The  Satyr  and  the  Traveler,  >  205;  <The  Lion  and  the  Other 
Beasts,  >  206;  <The  Ass  and  the  Little  Dog,  >  207;  <The  Country 
Mouse  and  the  City  Mouse,>  207;  <The  Dog  and  the  Wolf> i  208 

Thirteen  examples  of  Greek  fables  by  Babrius,  3  11 50-54;^  The  North 
Wind  and  the  Sun,>  11 50;  <  Jupiter  and  the  Monkey,  >  11 51;  <The 
Mouse  that  Fell  Into  the  Pot,>  1151;  <The  Fox  and  the  Grapes,> 
1151;  <The  Carter  and  Hercules,>  1151;  <The  Young  Cocks,>  1152; 
<The  Arab  and  the  Camel,  >  11 52;  <The  Nightingale  and  the 
Swallow,*  1152;  <The  Husbandman  and  the  Stork,>  1153;  <The 
Pine,>  1 1 53;  <The  Woman  and  Her  Maid-Servants,  >  11 54;  <The 
Lamp,>  1154;  <The  Tortoise  and  the  Hare> 3        "54 

Seven    imaginary   letters   by   the    Greek   author   Alciphron,   showing 

the  daily  life  of  the  Athenians  in  the  second  century  A.  D i  276 

The   Greek  Athenseus  on  water,  milk,  and  honey,    2  927;  on  <Some 

Great  Eaters,*  928;  < Love  of  Animals  tor  Man* 2  931 

Story  readings  from  Heliodorus, — <The  Lovers,*  x8  7223;  <Theagenes 

and  the  Bull  *    ...    .18      7226 

Two  striking  story  sketches  from  <The  Golden  Ass*  of  Apuleius, — 
<The  Tale  of  Aristomenes,  the    Commercial  Traveler,*   2   600-08; 

<  The  Awakening  of  Cupid  * 2    608-12 

Story    reading    from   the   Greek  <Daphnis  and    Chloe  *  of   Longus, — 

<  The  Two  Foundlings  * 23     9197 

Hindu. —  Folklore   stories  from  India, — <The   Talkative   Tortoise,*  29 

1 1440;  <The  Golden  Goose,*  11444;  <The  Gratitude  of  Animals,* 
11446;  <The  Dullard  and  the  Plow-Shaft,*  11447;  ^The  Widow's 
Mite,*  11449;  < What's  In  a  Name,*  11451;  < Buddhist  Duty  of 
Courtesy  to  Animals,*  11453;  ^Monkeys  in  the  Garden,*  11456;  <The 
Antelope,  the  Woodpecker,  and  the  Tortoise,*  11457;  <  Prince 
Five-Weapons,*  11460;  <The  Evils  of  Rashness,*  11463-70;  <The 
Lion- Makers,*  11470;  <The  King  and  the  Hawk,*  11471;  <The  Ass 
in  the  Lion's  Skin,*  11474;  <The  Hare-Mark  in  the  Moon,*  11475-79; 
< Count  Not  Your  Chickens  Before  They  Be  Hatched,*  11479; 
<The   Transformed    Mouse,*    11480;  <The   Greedy   Jackal,*   11482; 

<How  Plausible,*  11483 ;  <The  Man  in  the  Pit* 29    11485 

Twelve  examples  of  beast  and  other  stories 4  1854-60 

Sankrit  story  reading  from  Jayadeva, — <Radha  and  Krishna* 20  8210-14 

< Thousand  and  One  Days  in  the  East,*  extraordinarily  successful  pic- 
ture of  Oriental  life,  by  Bodenstedt 5  21 16-17 


Cdlxxxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Oriental  sketches  and  pictures  by  Bodenstedt, — <The  Poetry  of  Mirza- 

Schaffy,^  5   2120-22 ;  portrait  of  Mirza-SchaflFy ...  5   2122-24 

<The  School  of  Wisdom,^  5  2124;  < Mirza-Schaffy  on  the  Shah,>  2125; 
<The  Charms  of  Zuleikha,>  2125;   <An   Excursion  into  Armenia,^ 

2126;  <Mirza-Jussuf,*  2127;  ^Wisdom  and  Knowledge > 5         2127 

East-Indian  sketches  by  E.  D.  Dekker 11  4515-20 

Japanese  literature  readings, — <  Why  Universal  Darkness  Once 
Reigned,>  20  8155;  <Sun  and  Moon,>  8156;  <The  Adventures  of 
Urashima,^  8157;  <A  Maiden's  Lament,*  8158;  <Husband  and 
Wife,>  8159;  <My  Children,*  8159;  <Elegy,>  8160;  <Ode  to  Fuji- 
yama,* 8160;  <The  Maid  of  Unai,*  8162;  <  How  the  Sea  was 
Calmed,*  8164;  <The  Isle  of  Immortal  Youth,*  8165;  <  Court  Fes- 
tivals,* 8166;  <The  Characters  of  Women,*  S167;  < Meditations  of 
a  Hermit,*  8170;  /Vagrant  Reveries,*  8171;  <The  Dance  of  the 
Moon  Fairy,*  8173;  <The  True  Samurai,*  8175;  <A  Buddhist 
Hymn,*  8178;    <A   Story   Scene,*  8179;    < Glimpse  of  Dreamland,* 

8183;   <On    Painting* 20     8184 

Arabic  story  sketch,   <The  Valor  of  Antar,*  from  the  most  famous  of 

Arabian  romances 2    591-97 

From  <The  Arabian  Nights,*— From  <The  Story  of  the  City  of  Brass,* 
2  626-37;  From  <The  History  of  King  Omar  and  His  Sons,*  *  The 
Meeting  of  Prince  Sherkan  and  Princess  Abrizeh,*  637-46;  From 
^Sindbad  the  Seaman  and  Sindbad  the  Landsman,*  646-56;  <  Con- 
clusion of  the  Thousand  Nights  and  a  Night  * 2    657-64 

A  tale  of  the  Caliph  Omar 2    701-04 

An  Arabic  eulogy  of  valor  and  culture 2  684 

Sagas,  Legends,  and  Folklore. —  Readings  from  the  Norse  Eddas, — 
<  Thor's  Adventures  on  his  Journey  to  the  Land  of  the  Giants,*  13 
5123-31;  <The  Lay  of  Thrym,*  5131-37;  ^The  Lamentation  of 
Gudrun  over  Sigurd  Dead,*  5138-43;  <  The  Waking  of  Brunhilde  *.  1 3  5143-44 
Legend  readings, — <Theodosius  the  Emperor*  (The  King  Lear  story), 
16  6263;  <Ancelmus  the  Emperor*  (the  three  caskets  story  in 
< Merchant  of  Venice*),  6265-69;  <How  an  Anchoress  Was  Tempted 

by  the  Devil  * 16     6269 

Holy  Grail  legend  readings, — <The  Boy  Perceval,*  19  7520-30;  <  Visit 
of  the  Grail  to  Arthur's  Hall,*  7530;  <Sir  Launcelot  Fails  of  the 
Quest,*  7532;  <The  Grail  Is  Achieved  by  Sir  Galahad,*  7533-38; 
<King  Arthur  Addresses  the  Grail-Seekers,*  7539-42;  <Sir  Perci- 
vale's  Tale  to  Ambrosius,*  7542-44;  <Sir  Lancelot's  Tale,*  7544- 
46;    <Sir  Galahad  Achieves  the  Grail  Quest,*  7547;    *  Lohengrin's 

Narrative  of  the  Grail  * 19     7549 

Six  readings  from  the  legends  in  regard  to  King  Arthur 2  898-904 

Readings  from  Malory's  <  Morte  d' Arthur  * 24  9648-54 

Sixteen  myth  and  folklore  readings, —  <The  Kinvad  Bridge,*  26 
10531;  <The  Bridge  of  Dread,*  10531;  <The  Legend  of  Bomere 
Pool,*  10532;  <The  Lake  of  the  Demons,*  10534;  ^  Fairy  Gifts  and 
Their  lU-Luck,*  10534;  <A  Sleeping  Army,*  10536;  <The  Black 
Lamb,*  10536;   <  Death-Bed   Superstitions,*   10537;    <The   Witched 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  cdlxxxv 

Chum,>  10537;  *The  Bad  Wife  and  the  Demon,'  10537;  <  Hang- 
man's Rope,>  10539;  *  May-Day  Song,>  10539;  <01d  English  Charms,  > 
10539;    *Yule-Log    Ceremony,*    10540;    <The    Changeling,*    10540; 

<  The  Magic  Sword  > 26    10541 

Story  readings  from  Grimm's  < Household  Tales,* — <A  Word  to  the 
Reader,*  17  6735-37;  < Little  Briar-Rose,*  6738-41;  <The  Three 
Spinners,*  6741-44;  <The  Author  to  the  Reader* 17     6744 

Readings  from  the  fables  of  La  Fontaine, — <  Death  and  the  Wood- 
cutter,* 22  8787;  <The  Oak  and  the  Reed,*  8787;  <The  Grasshop- 
per and  the  Ant,*  8788;  <The  Wolf  and  the  Dog,*  8789;  <The 
Two  Doves,*  8790-92;  <The  Cat,  the  Weasel,  and  the  Young 
Rabbit,*  8793;  ^The  Cobbler  and  the  Financier,*  8794;  <The  Lark 
and  the  Farmer,*  8796;  <The  Heron,*  8798;  < The  Animals  Sick  of 
the  Plague  * 22     8799 

Readings   from    Brentano's  <The    Boy's  Wonderhorn,* — <The   Nurse's 

Watch,*  6  2345 ;  <  The  Castle  in  Austria  * 6  2346,  2347 

Seven  capital  readings  from  the  Fairy  Tales  of  Hans  Andersen 2    504-34 

Readings  from  Gustave  Droz, — <How  the  Baby  was  Saved,*  12  4886- 

90;  < A  Family  New-Year's,*  4891:  < Their  Last  Excursion* 12  4893-96 

Readings  of  fantastic  prose  and  poetry  from  Lewis  Carroll, — <  Alice, 
the  Pig-Baby,  and  the  Cheshire  Cat,*  8  3309-12;  <The  Mock- 
Turtle's  Education,*  3312-14;  <The  Walrus  and  the  Carpenter,* 
3315-17 ;  *The  Baker's  Tale,*  3318;  *■  You  Are  Old,  Father  William  *  .  8        3319 

A  fairy  book  reading  from  Jean  Mace, — <The  Necklace  of  Truth*.    24  9474-78 

Fairy  tale  reading  from  Tieck, — <The  Fair-Haired  Eckbert* 37   14945-60 

Sea-song  readings  from  Charles  Dibdin, — < Sea-Song,*   11    4621;  <The 

Heart  of  a  Tar,*  4622;  <Poor  Jack,*  4622;  <Tom  Bowling* 11      4623 

South  sea  romance  readings  from  Melville, — <A  Tjrpee  Household,* 
25  9870-77;  ^Fayaway  in  the  Canoe,*  9877;  < Character  of  the 
Typees,*  9879 ;  <  Taboo  * 25  9881-85 

Examples  of  Icelandic  literature 20  7875-94 

Readings  from  Arnason's   Icelandic  legends, — <The   Merman,*  2  803; 
<The  Fisherman  of  Gotur.*  805:  <The   Magic   Scythe,*  806;  (The 
Man-Servant  atid  the  Water- Elves,*  809;  <The  Crossways* 2  812 

Interesting  Celtic  readings,— < The  Miller  of  Hell,*  8  3408;  <The  Story 
of  Oisin,*  3410-12;  <The  Coming  of  Cuculain,*  3417-22;  <Vision  of 
a  Fair  Woman,*  3423;  <The  Madness  of  King  Goll,*  3425-26;  <A 
Song  of  Ossian,*  3427;  <  Saint  Bridget's  Milking  Song,*  3429;  «How 
Mournful  Is  the  Silence  of  Night,**  3433;  < Lines  of  St.  Columba,* 
3434;  < In  Hebrid  Seas,*  3436 ;  < The  Death  of  Christ  on  the  Cross* .    8        3447 

Cornish  reading,— <  Seth  and  the  Cherub  * 8  3448-50 

Readings   from   Miss   Edgeworth's    Irish  tales, — <Sir    Condy's  Wake,* 

13  5153-55;  ^Sir  Murtagh  Rackrent  and  His  Lady* 13  5156-61 

Irish  readings  from  Lover,—  Poetical,—<  The  Low-Backed  Car,*  23  9218; 
< Widow  Machree,*  9220;  <How  to  Ask  and  Have,*  9221;  Prose, — 

<  The  Gridiron  > 23  9222-28 


Cdlxxxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Capital  Irish  story  by  the  brothers  Banim. — <The  Publican's  Dream,* 
4     1459-70;    verses    by    the    same, — <Ailleen,>     1470;     <Soggarth 

Aroon,>  1471 ;  <The  Irish  Maiden's  Song* 4        1473 

Irish  story  readings  from  Jane  Barlow, — <The  Widow  Joyce's  Cloak,* 

4  1544-54 ;  < Walled  Out  >   (poetical) 4   1554-56 

Irish  reading, — <The  Wearing  of  the  Green* 40    16396 

Irish  ballad, — < Willy  Reilly * 40    16440 

Irish  readings  from  Mangan's  poems, — <The  Dawning  of  the  Day,* 
24  9665;  <The  Nameless  One,*  9666;  <St.  Patrick's  Hymn  before 
Tarah  * 24  9668-70 

German  Story  Reading  from  Meinhold's  *  Amber- Witch,* — <The  Rescue 

on  the  Road  to  the  Stake  * 25  9855-66 

Story  reading  from  Heinrich  von  Kleist,—<  Michael  Kohlhaas* 22  8668-90 

Story  readings  from   Hoffmann, — <From   the    Golden  Pot,*   18    7392; 

<  Nutcracker  and  the  King  of  Mice  * .    18  7394-402 

Story  reading  from  Wilhelm  Hauflf, — <The  Story  of  the  Caliph  Stork*.  17  7016-24 
Story  reading  from  Chamisso's  <  Peter  Schlemihl,* — <The  Bargain*..  9  3506-12 

German  story  reading  from  Immermann's  <  Oberhof  * 20  7898-904 

Story  reading  from  Eichendorff's  <Life  of  a  Good-for-Nothing  *  ....13  5347-57 
Story  readings   from    Fritz    Reuter, — <The   Old    Parson's  Death,*    31 

12197 ;  *  The  Miller  and  the  Justice  * 31    12200-05 

Choice  examples  from  Auerbach's  stories, — <The  First  Mass,*  3  964- 
67 ;  <  The  Peasant-Nurse  and  the  Prince,  *  967-73 ;  <  The  First  False 
Step,*  973-76;  <The  New  Home  and  the  Old  One,*  976-87;  <The 
Court   Physician's  Philosophy,*   987-90  ;'<  Passages  from  Countess 

Irma's  Diary  * 3    990-98 

Story  reading  from  Dingelstedt's  <  The  Amazon  * 12   4705-09 

Reading  from  Freytag, — <The  German  Professor* 15    6015-21 

German  story  reading  from  Storm's  <  Immen-see  * 35   14040-50 

Story  reading  from  the  German  of  Scheflfel, — <  Rejection  and  Flight  * .  3  2   12840-53 
Story  reading  from  the  Swiss-German   of   Keller, — <The  Founding  of 

a  Family  > 21    8520-28 

A  Dante  story  reading  from  Meyer's  <The  Monk's  Wedding* 25      9966 

German  story  reading  from  Spielhagen's  <Quisisana* 35   13775-84 

Story  readings  from  Paul  Heyse, — <Balder's  Philosophy,*  18  7335-43; 

< Countess  Toinette  Sets  Out  for  the  Promised  Land* 18      7343 

Story  readings  from  Dahn's  novels, — <The  Young  Wife,*  10  4268-72; 

<  The  Vengeance  to  Gothelindis  *      .10  4272-77 

Reading  from  Ebers's  <  Egfyptian  Princess,  >  <  The  Arrival  at  Baby- 
lon * 13  5092-100 

Story  readings    from    Sudermann, — <The    Confirmation    Lesson,*    35 

14166-72;  <The  Trial,*  14173;  <Freed  from  Dame  Care* 35   14175-80 

Italian  Story  Readings  from  Boccaccio's  < Decameron,* — < Frederick 
and  His  Falcon,*  5  2097-101;  <The  Jew  Converted  to  Christianity 
by  Going  to  Rome,*  2102,  2105;  <The  Story  of  Saladin  and  the 
Jew  Usurer,*  2105  ;  *■  Story  of  Griselda  * 3  2107-15 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxxxvii 

Story  readings  from  Benvenuto  Cellini's  <  Memoirs, > — <The  Escape  from 
Prison,)  8  3376-82;  <The  Casting  of  Perseus,>  3382-88;  <A  Neck- 
lace of  Pearls,)  3389-92;  <How  Benvenuto  Lost  His  Brother,) 
3392-96;  <An  Adventure  in  Necromancy,)  3396-400;  <  Benvenuto 
Loses  Self -Control ) 8        3400 

Byron's  translation  from  Pulci  of  <The  Conversion  of  the  Giant  Mor- 

gante ) 30  1 1893-903 

Story  reading  from  Casanova's  <  Memoirs,>— <  Casanova's  Escape  from 

the  Ducal  Palace ) 8  3323-32 

Readings  from    Silvio  Pellico:  prose, —  From  his  <My  Imprisonment,) 

28   11266-79;  dramatic, — ^Meeting  of  Francesca  and  Paolo)  .    .28   11279-82 

Italian  novel  reading  from  Verga, — <Home  Tragedy  ) 38    15299-312 

Story  readings  from  Manzoni, — <An  Unwilling  Priest,)  24  9674-85; 
<A  Late  Repentance,)  9686-92;  <An  Episode  of  the  Plague  in 
Milan,)  9693;  poetical, — < Chorus,)  9695;  <The  Fifth  of  May) 24     9698 

Story  reading  from  Ruffini's  *  Dr.  Antonio ) 31   12473-86 

Story  reading  from  Cantii's  most  popular  novel,  —  <  The  Execu- 
tion ) 8  3200-05 

<The  Drowned  Boy,)  a  realistic  sketch  by  the  Italian  novelist  D'An- 

nunzio 2    577-85 

Story  readings  from  the  Italian  of  Madame  Serao, — <A  Midsummer 
Night's  Dream,)  33  13134-37;  <The  Boarding-School,)  13138-49; 
<The  Schoolgirls'  Vow > 33  13149-52 

Polish  Story  Readings  from  Sienkiewicz, — <Zagloba  Captures  a  Ban- 
ner,) 34  13405-10;  < Podbipienta's  Death,)  13410-27;  <  Basia  Works 
a  Miracle,)  13427-31;  < Basia  and  Michael  Part,)  13431-34;  <The 
Funeral  of  Pan  Michael ) 34  13435-38 

Russian  Story  Readings  from  Gogol, — From  <The  Inspector)  (dra- 
matic),  1 6  6461-66 ;  <  Old-Fashioned  Gentry  > 16  6466-74 

Readings  from  the  Russian  novelist  Dostoevsky, —  From  <  Poor  Peo- 
ple,)  I  2  4787-99 ;  <  The  Bible  Reading )    12  4799-805 

Readings  from  the  novels  of  Tolstoy, — <  Anna's  Illness,)  37  14994- 
5001;  <Anna  and  Her  Son.)  15001-08;  <  Anna  Kills  Herself,) 
15008-15;  <At  Borodino)   37   15015-30 

Russian  novel  readings  from  Turgeneff,— <  The  Death  of  Bazarov,) 
37  15063-76;  <Lavretsky,)  15076-81;  <The  District  Doctor,)  15082- 
90;  <Byezhin  Prairie,)  1 5091-106;  <The  Singers,)  15 106-18;  <A  Liv- 
ing Relic)   37   15119-30 

Russian  novel  reading  from  Goncharof,— <Obl6mof )   16  6536-48 

Norse  Story  Reading  from  Garborg,— <The  Conflict  of  the  Creeds  >.  1 5  6187-94 

Story  reading  from  Boyesen, — <  A  Norwegian  Dance ) 5   2275-78 

Story  reading  from  Jonas  Lie,— < Elizabeth's  Choice) 23  9050-58 

Norse  novel  reading  from  Kielland,— <At  the  Fair) 21  8567-72 

Norwegian  folk-tales  by  Asbjornsen,— <Gudbrand  of  the  Mountain- 
Side,)  2  906-09 ;  <  The  Widow's  Son ) 2    909-16 


cdlxxxviii  outline  survey  of  the  principal 

Danish  story  from  Baggesen  of  the  man  forbidden  to  drink  coffee.  .3  1239-41 
Danish  story  reading  from  Ingemann, — <  Carl  and  the  Kohlman  > . .  .20  7984-go 
Story  readings   from  the   Danish  novels  of   Blicher, — <The  Knitting- 
Room,   5  2065-70 ;  <  The  Hosier  > 5  2070-74 

Swedish  Story  Reading  from  Dalin's  <  Argus  > 10  4280-84 

Readings  from  Miss  Bremer's  stories, — <A  Home-Coming,>  6  2330-34; 

<The  Landed  Proprietor,^  2335-41;  <A  Family  Picture^ 6        2341 

Story  readings  from  Madam  Edgren. — <6pen  Sesame, >  13  5164-66;  <A 

Ball  in  High  Life  ^ 13  5167-74 

Story  reading  from  the  Swedish  novelist  Emilia  Carlen, — <The  Pur- 
suit of  the  Smugglers  > 8  3226-30 

Hungarian    Story    Reading    from    Jokai, — <The    Landslide    and    the 

Train  Wreck  > 21  8333-40 

Story  reading  from  Eotvos's<The  Village  Notary,  > — <  Viola  in  Court  > 

14  5486-96 

Bulgarian. —  From  Vazoff's  great  novel  <  Under  the  Yoke,*  <The  Sew- 
ing-Party at  Altinovo > 38    15271-86 

Flemish  Story  Readings   from  the   Belgian    novelist   Eekhoud, — *■  Ex- 

Voto,>   I  3   5190-201 ;  <  Kors   Davie  > 13  5202-14 

Story  readings  from  Henri  Conscience's  Flemish  tales, — <The  Horse- 
Shoe,  >  ID  3961;  <The  Patient  Waiter, >  3963;  <The  Lost  Glove. > 
3964;    <The   Iron   Tomb,*    3965;    <Siska    Van    Roosemael,*    3967; 

<  A   Painter's   Progress  * ; 10  3968-^2 

Dutch  Story  Readings  from  Maarten  Maartens, — <Joost  Surrenders,* 
23  9360;  <The  Calm  before  the  Storm,*  9362;  < Knowledge,*  9366; 
< Music  and  Discord,*  9366;  < Guilt,*  9369;  <Dawn  of  the  Higher 
Life  * 23     9370 

French  Story  Readings. — Tales  from  Margaret  of  Navarre's  <Hepta- 
meron.*  24  9708-13;  from  Madame  de  La  Fayette's  romance  of 
her   own   life, — <  Husband  and  Wife  *    22  8769-78 

Story  readings  from  Victor  Hugo, — <The  Chain-Gang  for  the  Galleys,* 

1 9  7751-57 ;  ^  The  Combat  with  the  Octopus  * 19  7758-67 

Story  readings  from  Balzac, — <The  Meeting  in  the  Convent,*  3  1367- 
84;  <An  Episode  under  the  Terror,*  1384-99;  <A  Passion  in  the 
Desert,*  1400-13;  <The  Napoleon  of  the  People* 3   1413-32 

French  story  readings  from  Sue's  <  The  Wandering  Jew,*  <The  Land's 
End  of  Two  Worlds,*  35   14183;    <The  Panther   Fight,*  14186-97; 

<  The  Chastisement  * 35   14197-201 

Readings  of   romance  and  story  from   George   Sand, — <The   Convent 

of  the  English  Augustines,*  32  12771-82;  <Lelia,*  12782-86;  <A 
Traveler's  Letters,*  12786-93;  <  Simon,*  12793-97;  <Fran§ois  the 
Field-Foundling,*  12797-804;  <The  Budding  Author* 32    12805 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdlxxxix 

Story  reading  from  Jules  Sandeau 32   12808-16 

Readings   from   Dumas,  Senior,— <  The    Cure    for  Dormice    that    Eat 
Peaches,>  12  4967-74;    <The    Shoulder   of   Athos,'    etc.,    4975-81; 

<  Defense  of  the  Bastion  Saint-Gervais,  >  4981-86,  <  The  Consultation 
of  the  Musketeers,)  4986-93;    <The  Man  in  the  Iron  Mask,>  4994- 

97 ;  <  A  Trick  Played  on  Henry  III.> 12  4997-5000 

Readings   of   story  or  satire    from   Veuillot,— <A    Remembrance,'  38 

15331;  <Tigruche,>  15333-35;  <  Betinet,  Avenger  of  Letters,'  15336; 

<Hic  Aliquis  de  Gente  Hircosa,>  15338;  <  A  Duel> 3        5340 

Story  readings  from  Gautier,— <  The  Entry  of  Pharaoh  into  Thebes,> 

15  6225-32;  Poetical  readings,— < The  Marsh,>6233;  <The  Dragonr 

Fly,>    6233;     <The    Doves,'    6233;    <The  Pot    of    Flowers,'    6234; 

<  Prayer,'    6234;    <The    Poet   and    the    Crowd,'    6235;    <The    First 

Smile  of  Spring,'  6235  ;  <The  Veterans ' 15     6236 

French    novel    readings    from    Maupassant, — <The     Last    Years    of 

Madame   Jeanne,'  25  9809;  <Jean    Roland's   Love-Making,'  9815; 

< The  Piece  of  String' 25     9821 

Story  reading  from  Merimee's  <  Arsene  Guillot' 25     9946 

French  story  reading  from  Musset,— <The  Grisettes' 26  10493-99 

Readings  of  French  common  life  from  Theuriet,— <The  Bretonne,'  37 

14796-99 ;  <  An  Easter  Story  ' 3  7  14800-02 

Story  readings  from  Alphonse  Daudet,— <The  Two  Tartarins,'  1 1  4443; 

<  Mental  Mirage,'  4445;  <  Death  of  the  Dauphin,'  4447;  ^Jack  In- 
vited to  Take  up  a  Profession,'  4449-56;   <The    City  of  Iron  and 

Fire,'  4456-60;  <  The  Wrath  of  a  Queen ' 11  4461-70 

Story  readings  from  Erckmann-Chatrian, — <  The  Dance  in  the  Village 

Inn,'  1 4  5541-44 ;  <  A  Bivouac  at  Ligny ' 14  5545-48 

Story  reading  from  Feuillet, — <  A  Leap  in  the  Dark ' 14  5665-72 

French    story  readings   from    Stendhal's    novels, — <  Princess   Sanseve- 

rina's  Interview,'  4  1869-78;  <Clelia  Aids  Fabrice  to  Escape'  .  .  4  1878-83 
Readings  from  Dumas,  Junior  (all  dramatic), — <  An  Armed  Truce,'  12 

5011-15;  <Two  Views  of  Money,'  5016-19:  <A  Philosophy  of  Mar- 
riage,'   5019;    <  Reforming   a    Father,'    5021-29;    <Mr.    and    Mrs. 

Clarkson  > 12  5029-40 

Story  readings  from  Cherbuliez's  novels, — <The  Silent  Duel,'  9  361 1- 

16 ;  <  Samuel  Gives  Up  the  Play '   9  3617-24 

French  story  readings  from  fimile  Gaboriau, — <  The  Impostor  and  the 

Banker's  Wife,'  i  5  6138-4  5 ;  <  M.  Lecoq's  System ' 15  6146-52 

Story  reading  from  Pierre  Loti, — <The  Iceland  Sailor's  Wife' 23  9206-15 

Readings  from  Gustave  Flaubert's  stories, — <The  Sacred  Parrot,'  14 

5825-34;    <Salammb6   Prepares  for   Her  Journey,'  5834-38;   <The 

Sacrifice  to  Moloch ' 14  5838-43 

Story  readings  from  De  Maistre, — <The  Traveling-Coat,'  24  9618;  'A 

Friend,'  9620;  <  The  Library  ' 24      9621 

Story  reading  from  Provost's  <Manon  Lescaut,' — <  Exile  and  Death'.  30  1 1808-19 
Story   readings  from   the   French   of  Quesnay  de  Beaurepaire, — <The 

Forest,'  30  11926;   ^A  Madwoman,'   11929-37;  <  Brotherly  Love'. 

30  11938-46 


Cdxc  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Breton  story  readings  from  Souvestre, — <The  Washerwomen  of  Night,' 

3  5   13694-98 ;  <  The  Four  Gifts  > 35   13698-706 

Story  readings  from  Madame  Craven, — < Albert's  Last  Days,*  10  4140- 

44 ;  <A  Generous  Enemy  > 10  4144-50 

Story  reading  from  Du  Camp, — <A  Street  Scene  during  the  Commtme  >.  1 2  4952-56 

Story  readings   from   Esquiros, — <The  Death  of  Marat,'  14    5558-64; 

<  The  Poet's  Little  Home  > 14  5565-68 

Story  readings  from  Anatole  France, — <  In  the  Gardens,'  15  5910-15; 

<  Child-Life  > 15   5915-18 

French  story  reading  from  Hal6vy, — <The  Most  Beautiful  Woman  in 

Paris  > 17  6833-47 

French  novel  readings  from  t^.  Rod, — <  Marriage,'  31  12337;  *  Pater- 
nity ' 31   12342-44 

Story  readings  from  Mendes, — <  The   Foolish  Wish,'   2  5    9901 ;   <  The 

Sleeping  Beauty,'  9904;  < The  Mirror,'  9908 ;  < The  Man  of  Letters  '25     9912 

French  story  readings  from  the  De  Goncourts, — <Two  Famous  M.'n,' 

16  6553-56;  <The  Suicide,'  6557-60;  <The  Awakening' 16  6561-64 

Sketch  of,   and   full  examples   from  the  charming  French  mediaeval 

tale  of  <Aucassin  and  Nicolette '   3    945-55 

Readings  from  the  French  tales  of  Scribe, — < Merlin's  Pet  Fairy,'  33 

13084-89;  <  The  Price  of  Life ' 33   13089-98 

Story  readings   from    Saint-Pierre, — <  The   Home   in   Martinique,'    32 

12697-703 ;  <  The  Shipwreck ' 32   12703-08 

Story  readings  from  Fouque's  <  Undine,' — <The  Marriage  of  Undine,' 

1 5   5897-904 ;  <  The  Last  Appearance  of  Undine ' 15  5904-07 

Story  readings  for  children  from  Perrault, — *  Little  Red  Riding- 
Hood,'  29   1 1326;    <The  Sleeping  Beauty  in  the  Wood,'  11328-36; 

<  Blue  Beard,'  11337-41 ;  <  Toads  and  Diamonds ' 29    IT341 

French  story  reading  from  Nodier, — <The  Golden  Dream' 27   10674-84 

Poetical  story  readings  from   Jacques  Jasmin, — <A  Simple  Story,'  20 

8190-96;   <The  Siren  with  the   Heart  of  Ice,'  8197;   <The  Blind 

Girl' 20  8198-207 

Story  reading  from  Saintine's  <  Picciola' 32  12679-94 

Readings  from  La  Fontaine's  Fables, — <  Death  and  the  Woodcutter,' 
22  8787;  <The  Oak  and  the  Reed,'  8787;  <The  Grasshopper  and 
the  Ant,'  8788;  <The  Wolf  and  the  Dog,'  8789;  <  The  Two 
Doves,'  8790;  <The  Cat,  the  Weasel,  and  the  Young  Rabbit,' 
8793;  *The  Cobbler  and  the  Financier,'  8794;  <The  Lark  and  the 
Farmer.'  8796;  <  The  Heron,'  8798;  <The  Animals  Sick  of  the 
Plague ' 22     8799 

Laboulaye's  delightful  fairy  stories  written   for  his  grandchildren, — 

<The  Twelve  Months,'  22  8749-54;  <The  Story  of  Coquerico'.  .22  8755-59 

Story   readings    from    the    novels    of    Zola, — <  Glimpses    of    Napoleon 

III.  ,'39  16292-96 ;  <  The  Attack  on  the  Mill ' 39  16296-324 

Spanish  Story  Readings  from  Don  Quixote, — <  The  Character  of  Don 
Quixote,'  8  3457-62;  <  How  Don  Quixote  Quitted  the  Inn,'  3462- 
67;  <  Adventure  with  the  Windmills,' 3468-71;  <  Sancho  Panza  and 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxci 

and  His  Wife   Teresa,'  3472-77;    <Sancho  Panza's  Discourse  with 
the    Duchess, >    3477-83;    <Sancho    Panza   as    Governor,)    3484-95; 

<  The  End  of  Don  Quixote's  Adventures  > 8  3496-502 

Poetical  story  reading  from  <  The  Divine  Narcissus, >  by  the  <  Mexican 

Nun  > 25  9960-64 

Spanish  story  readings  from  Valdes, — <  The  Belle  of  the  Village  Store  > 
37  15203;  < Maria's  Way  to  Perfection,)  15204-09;  <A  Friendly 
Argument  in   the   Cafe,*    15210-12;   <Venturita  Wins   Away   Her 

Sister's  Lover  > 37  15212-19 

Story  readings  from  the  Spanish  novels  of  Pereda, — <Tuerto's  Family 
Life,)   29    1 1309-13;    <The    Candidate   Visits    His   Voters,)  11313; 

<  Portrait  of  Don  Gonzalo  Gonzalez,)  11315;  <  Cleto's  Proposal ).  2  9  11316-22 
Spanish  story  readings  from  Galdos, — <  First  Night  of  a  Famous  Play,) 

15  6163-66;  <Doiia    Perfecta's   Daughter,)  6166-69;  <  Above-Stairs 

in  a  Royal  Palace ) 15  6170-73 

Spanish  story  readings  from  Valera, — <  Youth  and  Crabbed  Age,)  37 
15224;  <Pepita's  Appearance  at  the  Garden  Party,)  15225;  <A 
Noonday  Apparition  in  the  Glen,)  15226-28;  <The  Evenings  at 
Pepita's  Tertulia,)  15228;  <Pepita's  Eyes,)  15230;  <The  Struggle 
Between  the  Interests  of  Heaven  and  Earth,)  15231-33;  <How 
Young  Don  Fa,drique  Was  Persuaded  to  Dance)   37    15233-36 

Readings  from  the  Spanish  novels  of  Fernan  Caballero, — <The  Bull- 
Fight,)  7  3004-10 ;  '  In  the  Home  Circle  ) 7  3010-16 

Readings  from  Madam  Pardo-Bazan's  novels, — <The  Reign  of  Terror.) 
28  11027-31;  <The  Schoolmistress  at  Home,)  11031-37;  <  Russian 
Nihilism.:  Going  to  the  People ) 28   1 1038-41 

<  How  Manuel  Gained  His  Sobriquet,  «  The  Child  of  the  Ball )) ) i  265 

English   Story   Reading   from   Sir    Philip    Sidney, — <The   Arrival   in 

Arcadia  ) 34  13388-95 

Reading  from  <  Grammont's  Memoirs ) 17  6915-24 

Readings  from  Daniel  Defoe, — < Crusoe's  Shipwreck,)  11  4485;  <  Story 
of  the  Plague  in  London,)  4489-500;  <  Sketches  of  Colonel  Jack 
and  Mrs.  Jack,)  4501-06;  <The  Devil  Does  Not  Concern  Himself 
with  Petty  Matters,)  4507;  <  Defoe's  Address  to  the  Public,)  4508; 
< Engaging  a  Maid-Servant,)  4510;  <The  Devil,)  4511 ;  < Belief  in 
God  ) II      4512 

Novel  readings  from  Richardson, — <  Pamela  Immured  by  Her  Lover,) 

3  I   12228-38 ;  <  Miss  Byron's  Rescue ) 31   12238-46 

Story  readings  from  Fielding,— <  Parson  Adams's  Short  Memory,)  14 
5704-08;  <A  Discourse  from  Parson  Adams,)  5708-13;  <Tom 
Jones  Appears  in  the  Story,)  5713-18;  <Mr.  Square  and  Mr. 
Thwackum,)  5718;  <  Partridge  at  the  Playhouse,)  5720-24;  <The 
Farewell,)  5725 ;  <  A  Scene  of  the  Tender  Kind ) 14  5726-31 

An  extended  reading  from  Boswell's  <  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson) 5  2232-51 

Story  readings  from  Oliver  Goldsmith,— < The  Vicar's  Family,)  16 
6509-17;  <New  Misfortunes,)  6517-24;  poetical  pictures  from  <The 
Deserted  Village,)  6525-29 ;  < National  Types) 16  6529-32 


cdxcii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Story  reading  from  Peacock's  <Maid   Marian, >  a  tale  of    Robin-Hood 

and  his  merry  men 28  J1226-57 

Readings  of  story  from  Walter  Scott, — < Cheapening  Fish;  and  The 
Village  Postofifice,'  33  13003-11;  *The  Covenanter,^  13011-17; 
<The  Meeting  of  Jeanie  and  Effie  Deans,>  13017-23;  <A  Royal 
Rival, >  13024-36;  <The  Tournament, >  13036-45;  <The  Hermit: 
Friar  Tuck,>  13045-52;  < Richard  and  Saladin> 33   13052-58 

Story  readings  from  Thackeray, — <  Beatrix  Esmond, >  36  14672-76; 
<The  Duke  of  Marlborough,>  14677-79;  <The  Famous  Mr.  Joseph 
Addison, >  14679-85;  <  Beatrix  Esmond  and  the  Duke  of  Hamilton, > 
14685-91;  <  Before  the  Battle  of  Waterloo,)  14692-97;  <  Becky  Ad- 
mires Her  Husband, >  14698-701;  <  Colonel  Newcome  in  the  Cave 
of  Harmony,*  14701-08;  <Colonel   Newcome's  Death> 36  14708-11 

A  capital  reading  on  the  students  of  Paris  from  Ainsworth's  <Crich- 

ton  > I     238-52 

Readings  from  Dickens, — <The  One  Thing  Needful,*  1 1  4635-41;  <The 
Boy  at  Mugby,*  4641-50;  <The  Burning  of  Newgate,*  4650-64; 
<Monseigneur  in  a  Tale  of  Two  Cities,*  4665-88;  <The  Ivy  Green  *.  1 1      4688 

Story    readings    from    Bulwer, — <The    Amphitheatre    in    Pompeii,*  6 

2704-23 ;  <  Kenelra    and   Lily  * 6  2723-30 

Story  readings  from  Charles  Reade, — <  Viscount  and  Lowef  Classes,* 
31  12107-20;  <In  the  Green  Room,*  12120-31;  < Extract  from  a 
Sixteenth-Century  Letter,*  12132-44;  <Monk  and  Father* 31   12145-48 

Story  readings  from  Anthony  Trollope, — <War,*  37  15035-45;  <  The 
Bishop  is  Crushed,*  15045-55;  < Moral  Responsibility  of  the  Novel- 
ist*      37    15056 

Story  readings  from  Wilkie  Collins, — <The  Sleep-Walking, *  9  3882-94; 

<  Count   Fosco  * 9  3894-900 

Story  readings  from  Beckford's  <  History  of  the  Caliph  Vathek  * .  4  1702-04,  1 705-12 

Story  readings  from  Disraeli, — <A  Day  at  Ems,*  4  1638-42;  <The 
Festa  in  the  Alhambra,*  1642-49;  <Lothair  in  Palestine,*  1653-56; 
Disraeli  himself  as  «  Charles  Annesley,**  1650;  <The  Fussy  Hostess,* 
1651 ;  < Female   Beauty* 4        1652 

Story   readings    from  William    Black's  novels, — <The  End  of  Macleod 

of  Dare,*  5   1987-96;  <  Sheila  in  London  * '5   1997-2010 

Story  readings  from  Blackmore's  novels, — <A  Desperate  Venture,*  5 
2015-22;  <A  Wedding  and  a  Revenge,*  2022-28;  < Landing  the 
Trout,*  2028-32;  <A  Dane  in  the  Dike* 5  2032-40 

Story  readings  from  W.  E.  Norris, — <  Freddy  Croft:  And  the  Lynshire 
Ball,*  27  10688;  <Mrs.  Winnington's  Eavesdropping,*  10694;  *-A.n 
Idyl  in  Kabylia  * 27    10699 

Story  readings  from  Marryat, — <  Perils  of  the  Sea,*  24  9740-47;  <Mrs. 

Easy  Has  Her  Own  Way  * 24  9747-49 

A  story  reading  by  George  Borrow, — <At  the  Horse-Fair* 5  2180-89 

Story  reading  from  Charles  Lever, — <The  Battle  on  the  Douro*.  .     23  9026-36 

Story  readings  from  Hughes's  <Tom  Brown*  books, — <The  Boat  Race 
at  Oxford,*  19  7696-705;  <The  Fight  between  Tom  Brown  and 
Williams  * 19  7705-08 


TOPICS   AND  CHIEF  LINES  OF  INTEREST  cdxciii 

Story  reading  from  Norman  Macleod, — <The  Home-Coming> 24     9497 

Story  readings  from  W.  G.  Palgrave's  <  Hermann  Agha,>— <The  Night 

Ride  in  the  Desert,>  28   11004-09;  <The  Last  Meeting) 28   11009-16 

Story  reading  from  George  Croly, — <The  Firing  of  Rome,>  10  4198- 

205 ;  dramatic, — <  A  Wife's  Influence  > 10  4205-07 

Story  readings   from   George   Macdonald, — <The   Flood,'  24    9456-64; 

<The  Hay-Loft > 24  9464-72 

Capital  story  by  Dr.  John  Brown,  <  Marjorie  Fleming  > 6        2439 

Story  readings  from  J.  H.  Shorthouse, — <  Inglesant  Visits  Mr.  Ferrar's 
Religious  Community, >  34  13365-74;  <  The  Visit  to  the  Astrologer, > 
13374-78;  <  Inglesant  Meets  His  Brother's  Murderer  > 34  13378-84 

Story  readings  from  Stevenson, — <A  Fable,>  35  13944;  <  Striving  and 
Failing,)  13944;  ^We  Pass  the  Forth, >  13945-54;  *A  Night  Among 
the  Pines,>  13954-57;  <A  Lodging  for  the  Nighf > .35  13958-76 

Story  readings  from  Thomas  Hardy's  novels, — <  The  Mellstock  Waits,' 
17  6938-47;  <  Sociability  in  the  Malt-House,>  6947-57;  <The  Grave- 
Diggers  > 17  6957-60 

Readings  from  Du  Maurier, — <  At  the  Heart  of  Bohemia, '  12  5044-48; 
< Christmas  in  the  Latin  Quarter,*  5049-52;  < Dreaming  True,> 
5052-60 ;  <  Barty    Josselin  at  School  > 12   5060-63 

Story   readings   from    Meredith, — <  Richard    and    Lucy,*    25    9921-30; 

< Richard's  Ordeal  Is  Over,*  9930-33;  <Aminta  Takes  a  Sea-Swim\2  5  9934-39 

Readings  from   S.  Baring-Gould, — <St.    Patrick's  Purgatory,'  4  1531- 

37 ;  <  The  Cornish  Wreckers '   4   1537-42 

Australian  story  readings  from  Marcus  Clarke's  novels, — <  How  a  Penal 
System  Can  Work,'  9  3746-49;  <The  Valley  of  the  Shadow  of 
Death  > 9  3749-55 

Story  readings   from    George  Cupples's  novels, — <  In  the  Tropics,'   10 

4211-14;  < Napoleon  at  St.  Helena ' 10  4214-20 

Story  reading  from  Caine's  <  Manxman,' — <Pete  Quilliam's  First- Born '.  7  3068-70 

Story  reading  from  Conan  Doyle's  <  Sherlock  Holmes ' 12  4816-38 

Story  readings  from  S.  R.  Crockett, — <  Ensamples  to  the  Flock,'    10 

41S3-90;  <  Sawny  Bean ;  and  the  Cave  of  Death '   10  4190-96 

Examples  from  J.  M.  Barrie's  Scotch  stories, — <  The  Courting  of 
T'Nowhead's  Bell,'  4  1574-91;  <Jess  Left  Alone,'  1591-95;  <  After 
the  Sermon,'  1595-600;  <The  Mutual  Discovery,'  1600-02;  <  Lost 
Illusions,'  1603-05  ;  <  Sins  of  Circumstance  ' 4        1606 

Story  reading  from  Ian  Maclaren,— <  A  Triumph  in  Diplomacy'.  .38   15695-704 

Cornish    hfe    story    readings    from    Quiller-Couch, — <When    the    Sap 

Rose,'  30  11948-52;  <The  Paupers' 30  11952-60 

Story  readings  from  Gilbert  Parker's  tales,— <  The  Patrol  of  the  Cy- 
press Hills,'  28  11049-65;  <Valmond  ' 28  11065-72 

Sea  story  reading  from  W.  Clark  Russell,— <  A  Storm  and  a  Rescue  '.32   12565-82 

Reading  from  Kipling, — < Without  Benefit  of  Clergy'  (prose) 22  8638-59 

English  Story  Readings  from  Mrs.  Burney's  novels, — <  Evelina's  Let- 
ter,' 7  2820-23 ;  *A  Man  of  the  Ton,'  2824-27 ;  <  From  her  Let- 
ters ' .7  2827-32 


Cdxciv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Examples  from  the  novels  of  Jane  Austen, — <An  Offer  of  Marriage,* 
3  1050-54;  < Mother  and  Daughter,*  1054-56;  <A  Well-Matched 
Sister  and  Brother,*  1058-64;  <  Family  Doctors,*  1064-70;  <  Family 
Training,*  1070-71;  <  Private  Theatricals,*  1072-75;  <  Fruitless  Re- 
grets and  Apples  of  Sodom  * 3  1075-79 

Story  readings  from  the  Scotch  novelist.  Miss  Ferrier, — <A  Highland 

Better  Half,'  14  5651-55;  <  Reverend  M'Dow's  Courtship* 14  5655-62 

Story  readings   from   Mrs.    Gaskell's   <  Cranford,* — <Our  Society,*    15 

6206-13 ;  ^  Visiting  *    15  6214-20 

Story  readings  from  Charlotte  and  Emily  Bronte, — <Jane  Eyre's 
Wedding  Day,*  6  2389-98;  <  Madame  Beck,*  2399-404;  <A  York- 
shire Landscape,*  2404,  2405;  <The  End  of  Heathcliff* 6  2406-16 

Readings  from  George  Eliot's  stories, — <The  Final  Rescue,*  13  5375- 
82;  <The  Village  Worthies,*  5382-91;  <The  Hall  Farm,*  5391-402; 
<Mrs.  Poyser  Has  Her  Say  Out,*  5402-09;  <The  Prisoners,*  5409- 
18 ;  <  Oh,  May  I  Join  the  Choir  Invisible  *  (poetical)  13      5419 

Story  readings  from  Mrs.   Oliphant, — <A  Comfort  to  Her  Dear  Papa,* 

27  10823-32;  <The  Deliverance,*  10832-41  ;<  Teacher  and  Pupil*.,  2  7    10842 

Story  reading  from  Mrs.  Craik, — <The  Night  Attack,*  10  4124-35; 
poetical  readings, — <  Philip,  My  King,*  4136;  <Too  Late,*  4137; 
<<  Two  hands  upon  the  breast  ** 10      4137 

A   Christmas  tale  reading   by   Mrs.    Braddon, — <  The  Advent   of  the 

Hirelings  * 5  228 1-92 

An   historical    story    reading   by    Mrs.    Braddon, — <  How    Bright    She 

Was,  How  Lovely  * 5  2292-98 

Story  readings  from  Ouida's  novels, — <  The  Silk  Stockings,*  27  10888- 

94 ;  <  How  Tricotrin  Found  Viva,*  10894-905 ;  <  The  Steeple-Chase  *.  2  7  10905-14 

Story  reading  from  Mathilde  Blind's  <  Tarantella  * 5  2080-88 

Story  readings  from  Miss  Thackeray, — <  My  Witch's  Caldron,*  3 1 
12275-84;  <  Bricks  and  Ivy,*  12284-88;  <Dutch  Tiles,*  12288-93; 
<  My  Father's  Mother  * 31    12294 

Story  readings  from   Olive   Schreiner, — <  Shadows  from   Child   Life,* 

3  3   12959-67 ;  <  Three  Dreams  in  a  Desert  *   33   12967-73 

Story   readings    from    Mrs.    Humphry    Ward's    novels, — <Marcella    in 

Peasant  Society,*  38   15645-58;  <  David  and  Elise* 38   15658-64 

From  Mrs.  M.  L.  Woods, — <  Esther  Vanhomrigh's  Confession  to  Dean 

Swift  * 39    16155-64 

Children :    Reading    from    Ouida's    <  Bebee,    or    Two    Little    Wooden 

Shoes,*— <  The  Silk  Stockings  * 27    10888 

American  Story  Reading  from  Charles  Brockden  Brown, — <Wieland's 

Statement  * 6  2428-36 

Story  readings  from  Washington  Irving, — <The  Good  Old  Days  of 
Knickerbocker  Life,*  20  8coo-o8;  <The  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow,* 
S008-35;  <A  Moorish  Palace,*  8035-41 ;  <The  Stage-Coach* 20  8041-45 

Story  readings  from  Cooper, — <  The  Privateer,*  10  3993-4003;  <The 
Brigantine's  Escape  through  Hell-Gate,*  4003-09;  <The  Doom  of 
Abiram  White,*  4009-18;  <The  Bison  Stampede,*  4018-25;  <  Run- 
ning the  Gauntlet,*  4026-34;  <The  Prairie  Fire* 10  4034-39 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxCV 

Story  readings  from  Edgar  Allan  Poe, — <A  Descent  into  the  Mael- 
strom,>  29  11655-70;  <The  Fall  of  the  House  of  Usher > 29  11670-87 

Story  reading  from  Judd's  <  Margaret,* — <  The  Snow-Storm  > 21  8400-10 

A  tale  of  startling  adventure  by  Audubon 3    957-61 

Story  reading  from   W.  G.  Simm's  <The  Yemassee,>—<The  Doom  of 

Occonestoga,>  34  13447-60;  poetical, — <The  Burden  of  the  Desert >. 3 4    13460 
Story   readings  from   Nathaniel    Hawthorne, — <  Salem  and  the   Haw- 
thornes,>  18  7061-64;  <  The  Minister's  Vigil,  >  7065;  <The  Child  at 
the   Brook-Side,  >  7068;   <  Revelation  of  the   Scarlet    Letter,  >  7074; 
<Hepzibah  Pyncheon,>  7081-87;  <The   Old   Manse,>  7087-92;  <The 

Faun's  Transformation  > 18  7092-96 

Story  readings  from  R.  H.  Dana,  Jr.,— <A  Dry  Gale, >  11  4304-08;  <A 

Start ;  and  Parting  Company >   ii  4311-14 

Story  reading  from  Theodore  Winthrop, — <A  Gallop  of  Three >.  . .  .39   16077-89 

Story  reading  from  E.  E.  Hale, — <  Philip  Nolan  > 17  6823-30 

Readings  from  W.  W.  Story,— <  The    Ghetto   in  Rome,>  35   14052-55; 

<The  King  of  the  Beggars,*  14055-60  ;  <  Spring  in  Rome  > 35    14061 

From  O.  W.  Holmes, — <  Elsie  at  the  Sprowle  Party,  >  19  7479-83;  <On 
Rattlesnake  Ledge, >  7483-89;  <My  Last  Walk  with  the  School- 
mistress > 19  7489-95 

Readings  from  T.  W.  Higginson, — <My   Outdoor   Study, >  18   7354;  a 

story  from  < Mademoiselle's  Campaigns*  18  7359-70 

Story  reading  from  A.  vS.  Hardy's  <But  Yet  a  Woman,* — <A  Call  and 

a  Sermon  * 17  6926-32 

T.  B.  Aldrich's  <Pere  Antoine's  Date-Palm  * i    325-29 

T.  B.  Aldrich's  complete  story  of  <  Miss  Mehetabel's  Son  > i    330-48 

Story  reading  from  Harold  Frederic, — <  The  Last  Rite  *   15  5972-76 

Story  readings  from  Marion  Crawford, — <The  Ghost  in  the  Berth,*  10 

41 53-59 ;  *  A  Thwarted  Plan  * i  o  41 59-66 

Story  readings  from  Wallace's  <Ben   Hur,* — <The   Galley   Fight,*  38 

15533-44;  ^The  Chariot  Race* ^ 38   15544-54 

Story  readings  from  W.  C.  Prime,— <  The  Old  Man  at  the  Water-Wheel,* 
30  11822;  <The  Defeat  of  the  Christian  Host  at  Galilee,*  11823-28; 
<A  New  England  Auction:  The  Lonely  Church  in  the  Valley*  30  11828-36 

Story  reading  from  R.  M.  Johnston. — < Little  Tom  Watts* 21   8318-30 

Story  reading  from  George  W.  Cable. — <  Posson  Jone  * 7  3019-36 

Story    readings  from    T.    A.    Janvier, — <  The   Marques,    a   Nobleman 

from  Old  Spain,*  20  8118-43 ;  <  Love  Lane  * 20     8143 

Story  reading  from  W.  J.  Stillman, — <  Billy  and  Hans  * 35   13979-90 

Story  reading  from  Henry  James,— < The  Madonna  of  the  Future*.  20  8075-109 
Readings  from  W.  D.  Howells;  poetical,— <  Hope,*  19  7656;  <  Society,* 
7657;  <  Another  Day,*  7657;  story  readings, — <A  Midsummer-Day's 
Dream,*  7658-68;  <The   Street-Car   Strike,*  7668-87;  <  Arrival  and 

First  Days  in  Venice  * 19  7687-94 

Story   readings   from    Lafcadio    Heam, — <The    Storm,*    18    7132-42; 
<My  First  Day  in  the  Orient,^  7143-47;  <  Impressions  and  Mem- 
ories,* 7148 ;  <  The  Temple  of  Kwannon,*  7149 ;  <  The  Shinto  Faith  * .  1 8     7151 
Story  reading  from  Julian  Hawthorne,— <  Archibald,  a  Changeling  *.  1 7  7042-52 


Cdxcvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Story  reading  from  Owen  Wister, — <  Specimen  Jones  > 39  16102-22 

Two  choice  stories  by  James  Lane  Allen, — <A  Courtship,*   i  410-19; 

and  <  Old  King  Solomon's  Coronation  > i     419-28 

Story  reading  from  Mitchell's  <  Hugh  Wynne,* — <  Andre's  Fate*..    25   10124-40 

Story  reading  from  Charles  G.  D.  Roberts, — < Strayed* 31   12297-300 

Story  reading  from  Thomas  Wharton, — <  Bobbo  * 39  15821-38 

Story  readings  from  Fitz-James  O'Brien, — <The  Great  Diamond,*  27 

10734 ;  *  The  Lost  Steam  Ship  * 27    10742 

Story  reading  from  Hamlin  Garland, — <  A  Storm  on  Lake  Michigan  >. 

15  6197-204 

Story  Readings  from  Mrs.  H.  B.  Stowe, — <How  Sam  and  Andy 
Helped  to  Pursue  Eliza,*  35  14074-80;  <  Eliza's  Flight,*  14080- 
89;  <Topsy,*  14090-95;  <Aaron  Burr  and  Mary,*  14096-99;  <A 
Spiritual   Love,*    14100;   <Miss   Prissy  Takes   Candace's  Counsel,* 

14101-04;  <The  Minister's  Sacrifice* 35   14104-00 

Readings  from  Mrs.  E.  B.  Stoddard;  prose, — <The  Great  Gale,*  35 
14014-24;  poetical, — <A  Summer  Night,*  14024;  <E1  Manalo,* 
14025;  <  Mercedes,*  14025;  <  Nameless  Pain,*  14026;  <On  the  Cam- 

pagna  * 35    14027 

Readings  from  Mrs.  SpoflEord;  story, — <The  Godmothers,*  35  13806- 
17;  poetical, — <The  King's  Dust,*  13817;  <An  Old  Woman  Sing- 
ing,* 13818;   <At  the  Potter's,*  13819;    < Equations,*  13820;    <When 

First  You  Went > 35    13821 

<The  Night  Ward,*  from  Miss  Alcott's  < Hospital  Sketches* i  284 

<Amy's  Humiliation,*  from  Miss  Alcott's  <  Little  Women* i     287-93 

Story  reading  from  Mrs.  Dodge's  <  Hans  Brinker,* — <The  Race*.  ...  12  4758-70 
Story  reading  from  Mary  E.  Wilkins, — <The  Revolt  of  Mother*. 3 9  15985-6000 
Story    readings    from    Miss    Jewett, — <Miss    Tempy's    Watchers,*    21 

8271-81 ;  <The  Brandon  House* ■ 21      8281 

Tennessee  story  reading  from  Miss  Murfree, — <The  Dancin'  Party  at 

Harrison's  Cove  *  .    26  10455-72 

Story  reading  from  Mrs.  Burnett, — <At  the  Coal- Pit* 7  2810-16 

Story  reading  of   Iowa  life  from   Octave   Thanet, — <The   Missionary 

Sheriff* ^.   37   14735-59 

Reading  from  Miss  Woolson's  < Southern  Sketches* 39   16166-92 

Story  reading  from  Mrs.  Phelps  Ward   38   15625-40 

Story  reading   from    Ruth    McEnery    Stuart's   tales   of   Neg^o   life, — 

<The  Widder  Johnsing* 35   14120-38 

THOUGHT  AND   PHILOSOPHY 

Thoughts  from  Parmenides, — <On  Nature,*  28    11 115;    < Thought  and 

Existence,*  11116;  <  Kosmos* 28    11116 

Readings  from  the  story  of  the  life  of  Socrates, — <  Socrates  Refuses  to 
Escape  from  Prison,*  34  13633-36;  <  Socrates  and  Euthydemus,* 
13637-39;  <Duty  of  Politicians  to  Qualify  Themselves,*  13639; 
<  Before  the  Trial  * 34  13640,  13641 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  cdxCVli 

Readings  from  Plato, —  From  the  <  Protagoras,  >  29  11530-34;  From  the 
<Ph8edo,>  11535-38;  From  the  <Apology,>  11538-41;  From  the 
<Phsedrus,>  11 54 1-44;  From  the  <Gorgias,>  11545-49;  From  the  <Re- 
public,>  11549-53 ;  From  the  <  Statesman  > 29  11553-56 

A  Greek  reading, — <Life  of  Socrates, >  by  Diogenes  Laertius,  12 
4712-20;  <  Examples  of  Greek  Wit  and  Wisdom,^  by  the  same 
•author 12  4720-24 

Xenophon  on  <  The  Training  of  a  Wife  > 39   16248-52 

Greek  manners  and  life i  277 

Readings  from  the  letters  of  the  younger  Pliny, — <The  Last  Crop  of 
Poets,  >  29  1 1 588;  On  Arria,  a  Roman  lady,  11 589;  On  the  death  of 
a  friend's  daughter,  11 591 ;  On  the  death  of  his  uncle  in  the  eruption 
of  Vesuvius,  11 593;  To  the  Emperor  Trajan  on  the  Christians 29    11 598 

Readings  of  ethical  thought  from  the  Latin  of  Seneca, -r*  Time 
Wasted,'  33  13123;  < Independence  in  Action, >  13124;  Praises  of 
the  Sect  of  Epicurus,  13125;  <  Inconsistency, >  13126;  <On  Leisure, > 
13127-31 ;  <  Accommodation  to  Circumstances  > 33    13132 

Readings  of  Roman  thought  from  Tacitus  in  the  first  Christian  cent- 
ury,— <The  Training  of  Children,  >  36  14374;  ^Domitian's  Reign 
of  Terror,*  14375;  <  Apostrophe  to  Agricola,*  14376;  < Manners  and 
Customs  of  the  Germans,*  14377-83;  <The  Defeat  of  Varus,* 
14384;  < Servility  of  the  Senate,*  14384;  < Death  and  Character  of 
Tiberius,*  14385;  <The  Great  Fire  at  Rome,  and  Nero's  Accusa- 
tion of  the  Christians  * 36   14386-88 

Readings  in  philosophy  from  Spinoza, — <The  Improvement  of  the 
Understanding,*  35  13793-97;  ^Mental  Freedom,*  13797-800;  <Su- 
perstition  and  Fear  * 35   13800-04 

German. —  Readings  in  philosophy  from  Kant, — <The  Beautiful,  the 
Pleasant,  and  the  Good,*  21  8486-91;  <  Reason,*  8491-93;  <  Meta- 
physics * 21   8493-96 

Readings  of  philosophic  thought  from  Herder, — :<  Principles  of  Human 

Development,*  i  8  7264-71 ;  <  Apotheosis  of  Humanity* 18  7271-76 

Readings  of  philosophic  criticism  from  Fichte, — < Addresses  to  the  Ger- 
man Nation,*    14    5677-80;    < Characteristics    of   the   Age,*    5680; 

<  Morality   and    Rehgion,*    5681-84;    <  Power    of    Religion,*    5684; 

<  Spiritual  Light  and  Truth  * 14      5685 

Readings  of  philosophical    thought  from   Hegel, — <  Transition  to  the 

Greek  World,*  18  7174;  <The  Problem,*  7175;  <The  Greek  World,* 
7176;  <The  Meaning  of  Christianity,*  7177;  <The  Doctrine  of  the 
Trinity,*  7179;  <The  Nature  of  Evil,*  7180;  <The  Fall,*  7182; 
< The  Atonement* 18      7183 

Readings  of  philosophy  and  criticism  from  Schopenhauer, — From  <  The 
World  as  Will  and  Idea,*  33  12928-44;  <On  Books  and  Reading,* 
12944;  <On  Criticism,*  12946-50;  <0n  Authorship,*  12950-53;  <The 
Value  of  Personality  * 33   12953-56 

Reading   of   critical    learning   from    Strauss,— <  The    Development   of 

Grseco-Roman  Cultivation  * 35   14110-18 

32 


Cdxcviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

French. —  Readings  of  thought,  political,  ethical,  and  historical,  from 
Montesquieu, — <0n  the  Power  of  Punishments,>  26  10255;  ^How 
Republics  Provide  for  Their  Safety, >  10257;  <  Origin  of  the  Roman 
Right  of  Slavery,)  10258;  <The  Spirit  of  Trade,>  10260;  'The 
True  Nature  of  Benevolence, >  10261 ;  <On  Religion,)  10262;  <On 
Two  Causes  which  Destroyed  Rome,)  10264;  two  of  the  < Persian 
Letters ) 26    10268 

Readings  from  Rousseau, — <The  People,)  31  12442;  From  <fimile,) 
12444-48;  <The  Uses  of  Travel,)  12448-51;  <In  the  Isle  of  St. 
Peter) 31   12451-56 

Readings  of  thought  from  La   Rochefoucauld, — < Maxims,)  31    12322- 

30;  <  Reflections  on  Society,)  12330;  <On  Conversation) 31    12333 

Studies  in  thought  from  the  philosopher  of  rationalism,  Descartes, — 
<  Logical  Thought,)  1 1  4588;  < Method  of  Inquiry,)  4590;  <The  Idea 
oi  God ) II  4593-95 

Positivist  thoughts  by  Auguste  Comte, — <The  Evolution  of  Belief,)  10 
3938;  <The  Study  of  Laws  in  Place  of  Causes,)  3940;  *  Subjection 
of  Self-Love  to  Social  Love,)  3941;  <The  Cultus  of  Humanity,) 
3942;  <The  Domination  of  the  Dead,)  3943,  <The  Worship  of 
Woman ) 10     3943 

Readings  from  Baudelaire, — <The  Painter  of  Modern  Life,)  4  1627- 
29;  <Modemness,)  1629;  <  Everyone  His  Own  Chimera,)  1630; 
<Humanity,)  163 1 ;  <  Windows,)  1631;  <Drink,)  1632;  A  Rule  of 
Prayer      4        1632 

Readings  from  Guizot, — <  Civilization, )  17  6774-77;   *The  Example  of 

Shakespeare ) 17  6777-80 

Readings  of  thought  from  the  French  of  Joubert 21  8388-98 

Readings  of  travel  and  thought  from  Edgar  Quinet, — <  Naples  and 
Vesuvius,)  30  11964-67;  <A  Night  in  the  Orient,)  11968;  <The 
Wandering  Jew,)  11970-75;  <  The  Struggle  Against  Environment ).  3  o  11975-79 

Readings  from  Renan, — < Brother  and  Sister,)  31  12164-73;  <Motives 
and  Conduct,)  12173-80;  <  Share  of  the  Semitic  People  in  the  His- 
tory of  Civilization,)  12180-90;  <The  Persistence  of  the  Celtic 
Race) 31   12191-94 

Readings  of  thought  from  Paul  Desjardins, — <The  Present  Duty,)  11 
4600-05;  <The  Conversion  of  the  Church,)  4605-07;  <Two  Im- 
pressions > II      4607 

Italian. —  Readings  from  Dante, —  Seven  passages  from  his  <New  Life,) 

1 1  4350-55;  three  passages  from  the  < Banquet) 11   4356-58 

Readings  from  Mazzini, — <  Faith  and   the  Future,)  25  9845;   <On  Car- 

lyle ) 25  9849-52 

Spanish. — Alfonso  the  Wise  on  tyrants i  386 

<  The  Month  of  Mary,)  by  Alfonso  the  Wise i  388 

English. —  Readings   from    Sir    Thomas   More's    <  Utopia,)  —  <Life    in 

Utopia,)  26  10298;  < Slavery  and  Punishments  for  Crime) 26    10302 

Examples  of  Essays  by  Lord  Bacon, —  <Of  Truth,)  3  1170;  <Of  Re- 
venge,) 1 172;  <Of  Dissimulation,)  1173;  *Of  Travel,)  1175;  <Of 
Friendship ) 3  1177-83 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OF  INTEREST  cdxcix 

Thoughts  from  the  table-talk  of  John  Selden 3  3   13101-10 

Elaborate  studies  in  scholarly  thought  by  Sir  Thomas  Browne 6  2481-510 

Readings  from  Dr.  Johnson,— < The  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes,*  21 
8290;  Letters  to  various  persons,  8292-300;  <A  Private  Prayer,  > 
8300;  <  Wealth, >  8301-04;  <  Old  Age  and  Death, >  8304-07;  <  Milton's 

Paradise   Lost  > 21    8308-16 

Readings  of  thought  from   Hobbes,— <0f   Love,>   18    7383;  <  Certain 

Qualities  in  Men,  >  7384-87 ;  <  Of  Almighty  God  > 18      7387 

Readings  of  thought  from  John  Locke, —  < Pleasure  and  Pain,>  23  9107; 

<  Injudicious  Haste  in  Study  >     23      9109 

Philosophic  reading  from  David  Hume, —  <Of  Luxury  > 19  7781-90 

Curious  <  Essay  on  Tar-Water,  >  by  the  philosopher  Berkeley  4  1805-08 

Mary  Wollstonecraft's  modern  ideal  of  womanhood 39   16132-44 

Thoughts  of  the  Scottish  Drummond, —  <  Reason  and  Feeling,>  12  4917; 

<  Degeneracy  of  the  World, >  4917;  <  Briefness  of  Life,*  4917;  *The 
Universe,*  4918;   < Death* 12     4918 

Essay  readings  from  Charles  Lamb, —  <  Imperfect  Sympathies,*  22 
8824-31;  <  Dream-Children, >  8831-35;  <  Quaker  Meeting,*  8835-39; 
<Mrs.  Battle  on  Whist> 22  8839-44 

Readings  in  the  philosophy  of  history  from  Buckle, —  <  Moral  vs.  Intel- 
lectual Principles  in  Human  Progress,*  6  2677-83;  <The  Mythical 
Origin  of  History  * 6  2683-88 

Readings  of  new  thought  from  Carlyle, —  < Labor,*  8  3242-46;  <The 
World  in  Clothes,*  3246-51;  <Dante,*  3251-61 ;  <Cromwell,*  3262-70; 
<The  French  Revolution  Procession,*  3271-81;  <The  Siege  of  the 
Bastille,*  3281-90;  'Charlotte  Corday,*  3290-96;  <The  Scapegoat*. 
8    3297-301 

Readings    from    Sydney    Smith, —  <The    Education    of    Women,*    34 
13558-64;   < Wisdom  of  Our  Ancestors,*   13564-66;  < Latin  Verses,*     ' 
13566-70;    <Macaulay,*    13571;    <  Review    of    Granby,*    a    novel, 
13572-74;   fragments  of  wit 34    13570-72 

Readings  of  culture  study  from  J.  A.  Symonds, —  <  Italian  Art  in  Its 
Relation  to  Religion,*  36  14340-50;  <The  Invasion  of  Italy  by 
Charles  VIII.  of  France,*  14351-56;  <The  Genius  of  Greek  Art,* 
14356-61;  < Ravenna,*  14362-65;  Poetical, —  < Venice,*  14365;  <The 
Nightingale,*  14365;  < Farewell,*  14367;  <The  Feet  of  the  Beloved,* 
14367  ;  <  Eyebright  *   36    14368 

<  Music  as  a  Means  of  Culture  * 13  5085-go 

Readings  from  Matthew  Arnold,—  <  Intelligence  and  Genius,*  2  855-58; 

< Sweetness  and  Light,*  859-64;   < Oxford*   2  864 

Readings  of  poetical  liberal  thought  from  Arthur  Hugh  Clough,— 
< There  is  No  God,*  9  3829;  'The  Latest  Decalogue,*  3830;  <To  the 
Unknown  God,*  3830;  < Easter  Day,*  3831-35;  <Say  Not,  the  Strug- 
gle Naught  Availeth,*  3835;  <  Come  Back,*  3836;  <As  Ships  Be- 
calmed,* 3837;  <The  Unknown  Course,*  3838;  <The  Gondola,* 
3838;  <  The  Poet's  Place  in  Life,*  3839;  <  Keeping  Within  One's 
Proper  Sphere,*  3840-42 ;  <  Consider  It  Again  * 9         3842 


(J  OUTLINE  SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

American. —  Readings  from  Thomas  Jefferson, — <The  Declaration  of 
Independence, >  21  8237-44;  ^On  Fiction, >  8245;  <The  Moral  Influ- 
ence  of   Slavery,  >    8246;    Letters   from   Paris,  to   Mr.   Hopkinson, 

8247 ;  to  Dr.  Styles,  8249;  to  James  Madison 21   8252-56 

Reading  from  Thomas  Paine's  <The  Crisis  > 28   10979-84 

Readings  from  Benjamin  Franklin, — <  Family  and  Early  Life,*  15 
5937-41;  <  Journey  to  Philadelphia, >  5941 ;  <  Franklin  as  a  Printer,* 
5943;  <  Rules  of  Health,*  5945;  *  The  Way  to  Wealth,*  5946-50; 
*  Speech  on  Prayer,*  5950;  <On  War,*  5951;  <  Revenge,*  5952; 
< Human  Life,*  5953;  <A  Prophecy*  of  British  Dependence  on 
America,  5955;  <  Early  Marriages,*  5956;   <The  Art  of  Virtue  and 

Conduct  of  Life  * 15  5957-63 

Readings  of  political  thought  from  Alexander  Hamilton 17  6897-912 

Readings  from  John  C.  Calhoun, — <The  Right  of  Petition,*  7  3089-94; 

<  State  Rights,*  3094-97;  *The  Government  of  Poland,*  3097;  *  Re- 
peal of  the  Missouri  Compromise  * 7  3098-100 

Reading  on  *  Nullification  *  from  J.  Q.  Adams's  Fourth  of  July  ora- 
tion,  1831 1     142-45 

Political  thoughts  and  reininiscences  by  Henry  Clay, —  <  Public  Spirit 
in  Politics,*  g  3774;  Turkish  savagery  against  Greece  denounced, 
3774;  < South  American  Independence,*  3775;  < Valedictory  to  the 
Senate,*   3776-78;  <  Valedictory  at  Lexington  * 9  3779-83 

Lecture  readings  from  Wendell  Phillips, — <  Hero  of  Hayti,*  29   11412- 

24 ;  <  Antiquity  of  Inventions  and  Stories  * 29   11424-27 

Readings  from  Horace  Greeley, —  <  Infancy  of  the  United  States,*   17 

6656-61 ;  <  Political  Compromises  * 17      6661 

Political  reading   from    E.  L.   Godkin, —  <The  Duty  of  Criticism  in  a 

Democracy  * 16   6374-84 

Readings   of  radical   thought   from    John  Weiss, —  <  Constancy  to  an 

Ideal,*  38  15770-77;  <The  Court  Fool* 38    15777 

Readings  from  a  thinker-preacher, — <Work  and  Play,*  7  2915-17; 
<From  the  Age  of  Homespun,*  2918-21;  <The  Founders,*  2921-24; 

<  Religious  Music  * 7  2924-26 

Readings  of  thought,  criticism,  and    poetry  from  R.  W.   Emerson, — 

<The  Times,*  13  5433;  < Friendship,*  5435 ;  <  Nature,*  5438;  <Com- 
pensation,  5441;  <Love,*  5443;  ^Circles,*  5445;  <Self-Reliance,> 
5448;  <  History,*  5451;  <  Each  and  All,*  5453;  <The  Rhodora,* 
5454;  <The  Humble-Bee,*  5455;  <The  Problem,*  5456;  <Days,* 
5458;  *Musketaquid,*  5459;  From  the  < Threnody,*  5462;  <  Con- 
cord Hymn,*  5465 ;  < Concord  Ode  > 13      5465 

Readings  from  Andrew  D.  White, —  <  Reconstructive  Force  of  Scien- 
tific Criticism,*  39  15853-56;  < Mediaeval  Growth  of  the  Dead  Sea 
Legends* 39   15856-66 

Readings  of  critical  thought  from  Chas.  Eliot  Norton, —  <  The  Building 
of  Orvieto  Cathedral,*  27  10710-16;  <The  Dome  of  Brunelleschi. * 
27    10716-23 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  di 

Readings  from  Lowell's  prose,— <  Uncle  Zeb,>  23  9267-72;  <On  Demo- 
cracy,>  9272-76;  <  On  Condescension  in  Foreigners  > 23     9276 

From  the  prose  of  O.  W.  Holmes,— <  The  Three  Professions  > 19  7475-78 

Readings  from  Thoreau,— < Work  and   Pay,>  37   14880-83;    <Solitude,> 

14884-91 ;  <The  Bean  Field.>  14891-97;  < Walking) 37  14897-908 

TRAVEL  AND   ADVENTURE 

Readings  of  travel  in  France  from  Arthur  Young 39  16264-76 

Bryce  on  *■  The  Ascent  of  Ararat  > 6        2652 

Readings  of  travel  from  A.   R.  Wallace, — <How  the  Rajah  Took  the 

Census, >  38  15519-25;  <  Life  in  the  Malay  Archipelago^ 38   15526-30 

Travel  readings  from  Sir  R.   F.    Burton, — <A  Journey  in  Disguise,'  7 

2889-96 ;  <  En  Route  > .7  2896-903 

Interesting  readings  by  Sir  Samuel  Baker, — <  Hunting  in  Abyssinia,' 

3   1278-85 ;  <The  Sources  of  the  Nile ' 3  1285-87 

Travel  readings  from  Henry  Drummond, — <  Africa  and  Its  People,'  12 
4898-900;    <The    East-African     Lake     Country,'   4900-04;    < White 

Ants ' 12   4905-12 

Arctic  travel  readings  from  Nansen, — <An  Evening's  Aurora,'  27 
10556-58;   <The  Polar  Night,'  10558;   <The  New  Year,   1896:   Our 

Daily  Life,'  10558-61;  <The  Journey  Southward'   27   10561-64 

From  Bodenstedt's  < Thousand  and  One  Days  in  the  East' 5  2120-26 

Sir  John  Mandeville's  <  Travel  Sketches,' — <The  Marvelous  Riches  of 

Prester  John,'  24  9658-60;  <  From  Hebron  to  Bethlehem' 24  9660-63 

From  Haeckel's  <A  Visit  to  Ceylon  > 17  6782-92 

Travel  sketches  by  De  Amicis, —  At  Constantinople,  i  455-58;  Cor- 
dova in  Spain,  458-62;  <  Holland,  the  Land  of  Pluck,'  462-70;  <The 

Dutch  Masters ' i    471-78 

Las  Casas's  account  of  the  Island  of  Cuba 8  3335-38 

Audubon's  <A  Dangerous  Adventure ' 3    957-61 

Mrs.  Abigail  Adams's  letters  from  Paris  and  London i    94-109 

Travel  sketches  by  W.  C.  Prime,— <  The  Old  Man  at  the  Water- 
Wheel'  in  Egypt,  30  11 822;  <The  Defeat  of  the  Christian  Host 
at  Galilee,'  A.  D.  1187,  11823-28;    <A  New  England  Auction:   the 

Lonely  Church  in  the  Valley ' 30  1 1828-36 

John  Adams  at  the  French  Court i       130-32 

W.  W.  Story's  sketches,— <  The  Ghetto  in  Rome,'  35   14052-55;  <  The 

King  of  the  Beggars,'  14055-60;  < Spring  in  Rome' 35    14061 

George  Borrow's  <A  Meeting  with  the  Gipsies  in  Spain' 5  2189-203 

Travel  story  from  Xenophon,—< Hardships  in  the  Snow' 39   16254-58 

Norman  Macleod  on  <  Highland  Scenery ' 24      9500 

Hearn's  Japanese  travel  sketches,— < The  Storm,'  18  7132-43;  <My 
First  Day  in  the  Orient,'  7143-47;   <  Impressions  and   Memories,' 

7148;  <The  Temple  Kwannon,'  7149;  <The  Shinto  Faith' 18  7151-52 

Travel   sketches  by    Linnaeus,— <  Lapland   Observations,'  23    9084-86; 

<  Visit  to  the  Lapland  Alps ' 23  9086-90 


(Jii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

John  Fiske  on  Magellan's  famous  voyage  around  the  world 14  5781-96 

Snider's  <  Battle  of  Marathon,*  from  his  <A  Walk  in  Hellas > 34   13603-26 

Tyndall's  travel  sketch, — <The  Matterhorn> 37   15142-52 

Travel  sketches  from  Clemens's  <Life  on  the  Mississippi,  > — <The 
Child  of  Calamity,  >  9  3789;  <A  Steamboat  Landing, >  3794;  <The 
High    River   and    a    Phantom    Pilot,>  3795-801;    <An    Enchanting 

River  Scene,*  3801-03 ;  <The  Lightning  Pilot* 9  3803-06 

Quinet's  Italian  travel  sketch, — <  Naples  and  Vesuvius  * 30  1 1964-67 

G.  W.  Curtis  in  Syria, — <  Nazareth  > 10  4226-28 

<  The  Desert  >  from  Kinglake's  <  Eothen  > 21  8600-04 


Note — It  may  be  well  to  remind  the  reader  that  in  case  of  failing  to 
meet  under  the  expected  head  in  the  Classified  Readings  with  examples  from 
any  particular  author,  those  examples  can  be  at  once  found  by  turning  to  that 
author  in  the  Library.  In  some  instances,  a  thinker-poet's  prose  and  verse 
have  been  left  together  as  desirable  to  be  read  together;  or  a  political 
speaker's  utterances  have  been  classed  under  Thought  rather  than  Oratory, 
to  call  attention  to  their  value  as  thought.  As  readers  become  familiar  with 
different  classes  of  readings  they  will  see  how  many  could  be  assigned  to 
more  than  one  place,  and  that  such  as  are  not  found  in  one  are  probably  in 
one  kindred  to  it. 


TOPICS   AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ^{{i 


CHARACTERS  IN  HISTORY 

CONSPICUOUSLY  REPRESENTING  THE  CULTURE  OF   MANKIND 
REFLECTED  IN   LITERATURE 


Greek. —  Homer,  the  earliest  and  the  most  delightful  writer  of  Greek 
poetry,  unsurpassed  in  any  age  in  either  the  poetic  charm  of  his 
verse,  or  the  human  interest  of  his  pictures  of  action  and  charac- 
ter; through  his  comprehensive  interests  accepted  for  1,200  years 
as  an  author  of  sacred  Greek  scripture  ...    19  7551-61 

Sappho,  the  supreme  woman-poet  of  all  history 32    12817 

Solon,  the  typical  Greek  originator  of  social  order  based  on  a  consti- 
tutional state 3  4    13642 

^schylus,  the  earliest  originator  of  Greek  drama,  and  the  greatest 

tragic  poet  of  all  time i  184 

Sophocles,  the  greatest  artist  of  Greek  drama,  and  most  perfect  repre- 
sentative of  the  best  age  of  Athenian  intellect 34    13647 

Euripides,  the  most  modern  in  interest,  the  broadest  and  most  thor- 
ough in  humanity,  and  of  the  greatest  influence  upon  the  later 
development  of  drama,  of  all  the  Greek  dramatists 14      5572 

Aristophanes,  by  far  the  greatest  master  of  comedy  in  all  literature; 
equaled  only  by  Plato  and  Homer  in  his  mastery  of  Greek 
speech,  either  prose  or  verse 2    759-68 

Thucydides,  the  Greek  supreme  master  of  dramatic  historical  narra- 
tive; the  first,  and  one  of  the  greatest,  of  historians  intent  only 
upon  truth 37   14912-16 

Socrates,  the  most  elevated  and  the  most  creative  example  of  Greek 
genius;  the  largest  and  loftiest  moral  and  humane  figure  of  the 
ancient  world 34    13627 

Plato,  the  most  considerable  figure,  both  as  a  great  thinker  and  a 
perfect  writer,  known  to  the  history  of  philosophy;  his  greatness 
duplicated  by  his  masterly  presentation  of  the  teaching  and 
method  of  Socrates 29  11519-21 

Aristotle,  the  greatest  scientist  and  most  influential  thinker  of  the 
ancient  world;  more  even  than  Plato  what  Dante  called  «the 
master  of  those  that  know»;  in  his  personal  character,  one  of 
the  typical  examples  of  lofty  human  excellence;  by  far  the  most 
advanced  master  of  ancient  science 2    788-92 

Demosthenes,  the  preeminent  Greek  patriot  of  Athens,  in  her  time  of 
later  decline;  his  eloquence  the  supreme  attainment  of  ancient 
oratory 11   4535-41 

Hippocrates,  the  first  and  the  greatest  name  in  scientific  medicine, 
the  Greek  initiator  of  medical  study  and  medical  practice  entirely 


div  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

substituting  natural  science  for  priestly  superstition;    the  medical 
contemporary  of  the  dramatists  and  philosophers  of  the  greatest 

age  of  Greece 44         79 

Galen,  the  greatest  physician  of  antiquity,  nearly  600  years  after 
Hippocrates;  in  practice  at  Rome  A.  D.  170-200;  notable  for  his 
use  of  dissection,  and  the  creator  of  a  well-studied  system  of  all 
medical  knowledge;  from  his  day,  for  1,500  years,  the  greatest  of 
medical  authorities  ... 44  79,  80 

Latin. —  Cicero,   the   unrivaled   orator   of    Roman   statesmanship,  and 

unsurpassed  essayist  of  Latin  literature g  3675-86 

Julius  Csesar,  the  Roman  of  unsurpassed  military  and  political  gen- 
ius; initiator  of  imperialism  in  its  loftiest  form;  and  in  every 
way  one  of  the  supreme  intellects  of  the  human  race 7  3037-46 

Virgil,  the  preeminent  Latin  representative  of  classical  culture  based 
on  Greek  and  Roman  mythology;  his  tradition  for  a  thousand 
years  that  of  a  Bible 38  15413-23 

Livy,  the   great   literary   master  of  the  story   of  Rome;  at  his   best 

in  the  many  speeches  ascribed  by  him  to  historical  characters.  .23  9091-94 

Seneca,  the  most  notable  literary  contemporary  of  Christ;  a  Roman 
Stoic  philosopher  writing  in  praise  of  poverty,  but  immensely 
wealthy;  put  an  end  to  his  own  life  at  the  command  of  Nero. 3 3   13119-23 

Marcus  Aurelius,  one  of  the  ideal  figures  of  history  beyond  the  limits 
of  Christianity;  Roman  emperor  A.  D.  160-180;  author  of  a  vol- 
ume of  ethical  and  religious  thoughts  written  in  Greek,  the  ethical 
and  spiritual  veracity  of  which  appeal  to  universal  human  interest.  3   1022-28 

Chinese. —  Confucius  without  exception,  and  with  no  second,  the  su- 
preme character  of  Chinese  culture 9  3629-36 

Jewish. —  Josephus,  the  conspicuous  representative  Jew  of  the  time 
directly  after  that  of  Christ;  a  man  of  the  world  of  classical 
culture  rather  than  of  narrow  Judaism 21   8361-64 

Maimonides,  the  great  free-thinker  of  Judaism;  the  Jewish  Aris- 
totle of  Cordova  in  Spain  in  the  twelfth  century 24  9589-94 

Spinoza,  one  of  the  great  representative  independent  thinkers  of  his- 
tory, especially  representing  the  highest  type  of  Pantheism  in 
philosophy 35    13785-93 

Polish. —  Copernicus,  originator  of  the  true  scientific  view  of  our  uni- 
verse, as  one  of  planets  moving  round  the  sun;  a  conception 
notably  dominating  all  subsequent  intellectual  progress 10  4040-44 

Swedish. —  Linnaeus,  one  of  the  great  initiators  of  modern  science; 
of  unparalleled  influence  through  the  revolution  effected  in  natural 
history ;   the  founder  of  biology 23  9077-81 

Swedenborg,  the  conspicuous  modem   representative  of  spiritism  as 

the  basis  of  an  organic  system  of  religion  36    14237 

Dutch. —  Erasmus,  the  greatest  scholar  and  thinker  of  the  middle 
Christian  centuries;  the  supreme  master  of  reformation  of  Christ- 
ian religion  through  exact  recovery  of  the  teaching  of  Christ  .14  5509-22 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ^y 

Vondel,  Holland's  greatest  poet,  the  great  anti-Calvinist  satirist  of 
the  period  of  Barneveldt's  judicial  murder;  author  of  an  epic 
masterpiece,  which  suggested  Milton's  Satan 38  15491-93 

Italian. —  Dante,  the  supreme  poet  after  Homer;  the  foremost  genius 
of  the  race  which  produced  Rome  and  Italy;  the  author  who 
stands  at  the  head  of  modern  literature;  in  his  personal  story, 
one  of  the  most  striking  figures  in  history 11  4315-47 

German. —  Walther  von  der  Vogelweide,  the  greatest  of  the  minne- 
singers ;  Germany's  greatest  lyric  poet  before  Goethe,  and  the  first 
supremely  great  lyric  poet  that  the  nations  of  modern  Europe 
produced 38    15580 

Hans  Sachs,  the  famous  Shoe-Maker  Poet  of  Nuremberg,  in  the  age 
of  Luiher;  one  of  the  most  national  and  interesting  figures  in 
German  literature  from  its  dawn  until  Goethe 32   12609-13 

Luther,  a  notable  hero  of  German  protest  and  struggle  against  Rome; 
of  especial  permanent  influence  as  the  founder,  by  his  translation 
of  the  Bible,  of  German  literature 23  9319-24 

Lessing,  a  great  historic  representative  of  critical  thought  applied  to 

tradition  and  custom  in  belief  and  life 23  9005-24 

Alexander  von  Humboldt,  in  the  first  sixty  years  of  the  nineteenth 
century  the  most  notable  character  of  the  world  of  learning  and 
science 19      7770 

Goethe,  the  successor  in  European  literature  to  Voltaire  and  Rous- 
seau, as  initiators  of  free  and  complete  human  culture  —  the  democ- 
racy of  intellect  and  of  learning 16  6385-95 

Schiller,  the  preeminent  German  historical  dramatist;  notably  success- 
ful also  in  dramatic  historical  studies 33    12880 

Immanuel  Kant,  the  chief  German  philosopher ;  as  an  original  thinker 
the  only  modern  philosopher  who  can  be  put  beside  Plato  and 
Aristotle ;  notable  for  a  marvelous  humanity  of  spirit 21  8477-85 

J.  G.  Herder,  the  father  of  the  modern  evolutionary  philosophy,  con- 
ceiving all  culture  as  the  natural  product  of  collective  human 
life 18      7259 

Fichte,  a  German  thinker  and  scholar;  author  of  one  of  the  world's 
greatest  systems  of  philosophy;  an  ideal  university  educator,  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  University  of  Berlin 14  5673-74 

Hegel,  the  successor   of  Kant,  Fichte,  and  Schelling  in  the  German 

development  of  modern  philosophy 18      7167 

Arthur  Schopenhauer,  the  fifth  in  time  of  the  great  German  philoso- 
phers ;  in  literary  distinction  and  interest  second  only  to  Plato  ..33    1 2923 

David  Friedrich  Strauss,  the  conspicuous  German  representative  of 
negative  and  destructive  thought  applied  to  the  early  history  of 
Christianity;  the  fourth  and  definitive  edition  of  his  <Life  of 
Jesus  >  translated  by  George  Eliot 35   14107-10 

Leopold  von  Ranke,  German  founder  of  the  objective  school  of  his- 
tory; university  professor  at  Berlin;  author  of  < History  of  the 
Popes,*  and  other  notable  histories  30  12074-76 


^y{  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Theodor  Mommsen,  the  most  illustrious  of  German  historical  scholars; 
eminent  for  his  masterly  studies  of  history  as  a  development  un- 
der laws  of  unity  and  progress 26  10206-08 

Bismarck,  one  of  the  greatest  Germans  in  history;  the  creator  of  the 

final  Germany  of  modern  times 5  1929-34 

Hermann  Sudermann,  a  German  novelist  and  dramatist  of  the  end  of 

the  century;  one  of  the  chief  literary  figures  of  modem  Europe.  3 5  14163-66 

Danish. —  Ludvig  Holberg,  the  chief  representative  in  literature  of 
Scandinavian  genius  and  culture;  in  his  comedies,  especially,  a 
Danish  Shakespeare     .18  7409-16 

Russian. —  Ivan  Turgeneff,  Russia's  greatest  artist  in  fiction;  through 
his  superiority  to  Russian  limitations  one  of  the  great  novelists 
of  the  world 37   15057-62 

Spanish. —  Armando   Palacio  Valdes,  the   most  entertaining,  natural, 

and  satisfactory  of  the  later  Spanish  novelists 37    151 99 

French. —  Abelard,  the    conspicuous    initiator   of   rationalistic   protest 

against  blind  faith i  27 

Rabelais,    the    first    complete    type    of    French    genius,    followed    by    • 

Moliere,  Voltaire  and  Diderot,  Balzac  and  Hugo 30    12001-06 

John  Calvin,  a  French  reformer,  notable  for  helping  to  create  a  liter- 
ary French  language;  but  of  greatest  fame  in  history  for  the  re- 
lentless dogmatic  severity  of  his  judgment  of  man's  relation  to 
Deity 8   3117-20 

Ronsard,  the  conspicuous  initiator  of-  modern  French  poetry,  compar- 
able to  Rabelais  in  prose;    his  songs  unrivaled  before  Hugo 31    12378 

Montaigne,  the  earliest  and  most  original  of  modern  essayists;  un- 
questionably takes  a  high  place  among  the  representative  men  of 
humanity 26   10237-40 

Descartes,  a  French  philosophical  scientist,  notable  for  his  efforts  to 

reconstruct  the  science  of  thought 11      4585 

Moliere,  the  Shakespeare  of  French  comedy;   indubitably  the  greatest 

of  comic  dramatists 26   10153-64 

Madame  de  Sevigne,  one  of  the  most  notable  of  French  social  figures; 
of  the  highest  literary  distinction,  through  personal  letters  marked 
by  intellectual  power  and   strongly  ethical  motive 33   13153-55 

Bossuet,    the   greatest    of   French    Catholic   divines,    and   one   of  the 

greatest  French  prose-writers   and  orators 5        2209 

Racine,  the  greatest  exemplar  of  French  classical  tragedy;  most  of 

his  characters  women;  the  great  parts  given  to  the  heroines   .30   12027-30 

Montesquieu,  a  French  scholar  in  the  study  of  laws  on  which  states 
are  built,  and  of  the  principles  which  determine  political  develop- 
ment; his  chief  work  notably  influential  as  the  political  guide- 
book of  the  American  Revolution 26   10249-54 

Voltaire,  the  European  representative  of  the  great  age  of  change 
from  an  age  of  absolutism  to  an  age  of  democracy,  and  from  an 
age  of  ecclesiastical  rigor  to  an  age  of  intellectual  freedom.    .38  15449-57 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dyii 

Jean  Jacques  Rousseau,  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  precursors  of  the 
French  Revolution,  notable  as  the  most  effective  French  writer  of 
his  century 31   12438-39 

Buflfon,    French    author    of    a    great    <  Natural    History, >   which   first 

brought  the  subject  into  popular  literature 6        2690 

Diderot,  a  French  thinker  of  original  power;  creator  of  the  Encyclo- 
pedic; one  of  the  greatest  modern  initiators  of  research  for  new 
knowledge  and  interest  in  new  thought 12  4689-92 

Lamarck,  the  great  French  originator  of  the  theory  that  the  cause  of 
variations  and  the  origin  of  species  is  the  action  of  the  natural 
conditions  of  existence  in  impressing  and  molding  the  plastic 
organism 10     4253 

Madame  de  Stael,  a  character  of  great  distinction  for  her  strenuous 
opposition  to  Napoleon,  and  remarkable  as  the  earliest  cosmo- 
politan initiator  of  French  interest  in  German  thought  and  let- 
ters, as  also  in  English  politics  and  Italian  art 35  13825-26 

Balzac,  the  father  of  modern  realism  in  fiction,  and  its  greatest  ex- 
ponent ;  Europe's  greatest  writer  since  Shakespeare 3    13  50-66 

Victor  Hugo,  the  greatest  literary  figure  of  nineteenth-century  France ; 
in  his  dramatic  masterpiece,  his  best  novel,  and  his  lyrics,  among 
the  greatest  writers  of  all  ages 19  7709-24 

Sainte-Beuve,  the  modern  typical  French  interpreter  of  literature  and 

life 32    12662 

George  Sand,  the  highest  type  of  French  woman  of  genius  32    12759 

Ernest  Renan,  the  conspicuous  French  nineteenth-century  initiator  of 
the  study  of  the  history  of  religions,  including  Christianity,  ac- 
cording to  the  methods  of  natural  science  31   12152-62 

Edmond  Scherer,  a  conspicuous  European  representative  of  the  mod- 
ern new-departure  effort  to  interpret  Christianity  with  critical 
discernment  of  its  permanent  spiritual  elements 33   12865-67 


English — Baeda,  the  Shakespeare  of  Anglo-Saxon  scholarship;  one 
of  the  greatest  writers  known  to  English  literature;  of  immense 
scholarly  and  educational  activity;  the  father  of  English  national 
education,  and    in  his  greatest  work,  of  English  history 45        360 

Alcuin,  the  most  celebrated  of  early  English  educators,  at  York 
Cathedral  school;  the  initiator  under  Charlemagne  of  German 
education  and  schools i     295-98 

Alfred  the  Great,  the  first  king  of  a  notably  united  England;  in 
breadth  and  elevation  of  character  without  a  peer  among  rulers 
before  Washington ;  the  earliest  great  builder  of  literature  and  edu- 
cation for  the  English  people;  the  first  founder  of  English  power  at 
sea,  and  successful  defender  of  a  realm  under  the  English  flag .  .  i    389-96 

Roger  Bacon,  the  earliest  and  greatest  English  initiator  of  modern 
science;  the  originator  of  the  conceptions  commonly  known  from 
Francis  Bacon;  his  masterpiece,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  pro- 
ductions of  the  human  mind,  dating  from  A.  D.   1267 45       475 


dviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

John  Wyclif,  the  great  Oxford  schoolman,  whose  translation  of  the 
whole  Bible  into  English,  and  demonstration  of  dissent  from  the 
Catholic  faith,  broadly  initiated  English  departure  from  the  lim- 
itations of  Latin  culture 39    16235 

Chaucer,  the  greatest  English  genius  in  letters  before  Shakespeare, 
and  of  hardly  less  quality  than  Shakespeare;  the  founder  of  mod- 
ern English  literature 9  3551-64 

Sir  Thomas  More,  one  of  the  great  master  spirits  of  humanist  cult- 
ure; closely  associated  with  Erasmus;  the  author  of  < Utopia, > 
as  a  study  of  social  ideals 26  10295-97 

Francis  Bacon,  a  preeminent  thinker  and  prose-writer;  of  greatest 
distinction  for  his  ideas  of  the  utility  of  science  and  the  urgency 
of  human  progress;  a  precursor,  rather  than  a  performer,  of 
thorough  modern  science 31 108-69 

Shakespeare,  the  chief  representative  in  literature  of  the  English- 
speaking  peoples 33    13167 

John  Milton,  one  of  the  world's  great  epic  poets,  of  splendid  strain 
and  profound  influence;  in  literary  style  perhaps  the  greatest  of 
English  writers ;  notably  near  to  the  great  Greeks 25  10037-46 

John  Locke,  an  English  independent  thinker  of  g^reat  importance  after 
Descartes,  in  the  development  of  philosophy;  a  precursor  of 
Hume  and  Kant 23  9105-07 

Sir  Isaac  Newton,  one  of  the  great  scientists  of  history;  notable  for 
discoveries  and  theories  of  the  highest  significance  for  modern 
knowledge 27   10619-20 

John  Wesley,  an  English  Oxford  Churchman,  drawn  from  strenuous 
attachment  to  the  Establishment  by  motives  of  intense  moral 
concern  and  human  sympathy,  and  made,  by  the  energy,  fervor, 
and  wisdom  of  his  immense  labors,  the  greatest  founder  of  new  de- 
parture in  faith  and  ministry  known  to  modern  Christian  history.  3  8   15790-94 

Samuel   Johnson,  a  supremely  great  scholar  and  critic  in  literature, 

of  the  age  following  that  of  Shakespeare 21  8283-90 

David  Hume,  an  important  initiator  of  literary  treatment  of  Eng- 
lish history;  a  permanent  influence  as  an  ethical  essayist  and 
political    thinker 19  7777-81 

Edmund  Burke,  one  of  the  most  permanently  effective  statesmen- 
orators  of  the  English  Parliament;  of  great  influence  on  both 
American  and   English  development 7  2779-87 

Edward  Gibbon,  author  of  an  unchallenged  and  conspicuous  histori- 
cal masterpiece,  giving  him  a  secure  place  among  the  greatest 
historians  of  the  world 16  6271-78 

Robert  Burns,  Scotland's  greatest  native  poet;    in  the  vernacular  of 

the  common  heart  of  man  one  of  the  greatest  poets  of  all  time . .  7  2833-45 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  the  most  attractive  and  satisfying  master  of  ro- 
mance in  all  literature 33    12995 

Percy  Bysshe  Shelley,  an  English  poet  of  the  highest  class,  and  of 
very  rare  genius;  notably  a  poet  of  intense  passion  for  moral 
aims,  of  advanced  thought,  and  preeminently  a  poet  of  nature.     34  13265-70 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dix 

George  Grote,  a  preeminent  British  scholar  in  history;  author  of  the 
largest,  truest,  most  adequate  general  picture  ever  drawn  of 
Greek  story  and  culture  from  the  days  of  Homer  to  the  time  of 
Alexander 17  6745-47 

Thomas  Carlyle,  the  great  Scotch  protestant  against  « Hebrew  old- 
clothes »  in  religion,  and  against  outworn  traditions  generally..  .8    3231-42 

T.  B.  Macaulay,  the  most  widely  read  of  English  essayists  and  his- 
torians; notable  for  his  enormous  range  of  knowledge,  and  his 
brilliant  power  of  description  and  narration  24  9381-86 

John  Henry  Newman,  one  of  the  most  eminent  literary  Englishmen 
of  modern  times;  a  leader  at  Oxford  of  a  special  religious  devel- 
opment of  distinctly  Romanist  tendency 27   10597-605 

John  Stuart  Mill,  in  several  particulars  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
men  of  whom  we  have  any  record;  characterized  by  singularly 
strong  passion  for  the  improvement  of  mankind ;  author  of  eco- 
nomic writings  and  social  studies  of  the  highest  rank 25   10007-14 

Charles  Robert  Darwin,  the  recent  representative  advocate  of  the 
theory  of  Evolution,  with  his  own  special  theory  that  it  is  by 
means  of  Natural  Selection 11  4385-93 

Alfred  Tennyson,  the  most  representative  English  poet  of  the  nine- 
teenth century;  one  of  the  master-minstrels  of  literature,  of  pro- 
foundly believing  and  religious  spirit 36   14581-87 

W.  M.  Thackeray,  the  greatest  English  novelist  of  character  and  of 

manners;  the  greatest  English  artist  in  fiction 36   14668-72 

Charles  Dickens,  the  great  English  humorist  in  fiction;  of  the  broad- 
est popularity,  and  immensely  effective  on  the  culture  of  the  time  ..11      4625 

Gladstone,  England's  most  notable  statesman  under  Victoria;  a  mar- 

velously  powerful  orator,  and  a  prolific  scholarly  writer 16  6359-72 

John  Bright,  one  of  the  greatest  statesmen-orators  of  modern  Eng- 
land, of  the  broadest  humanist  and  humanitarian  principles 6        2354 

Charles  Reade,  a  notably  humanitarian  novelist,  to  whom  fiction  was 
«the  highest,  widest,  noblest,  and  greatest  of  all  the  arts»;  his 
best  novels  aimed  at  the  correction  of  abuses 31    12105 

J.  A.  Froude,  an  English  historian  and  essayist  of  great  charm  and 
power  as  a  writer;  notable  for  clear  and  broad  advanced  views; 
successor  of  E.  A.  Freeman  as  professor  of  history  at  Oxford.  .  15  6059-64 

George   Eliot,   one  of  the  greatest   English  writers  and  thinkers;   a 

woman  Socrates  on  the  problems  of  life  and  of  society 13  5359-75 

John  Ruskin,  an  epoch-making  English  interpreter  of  art  and  of  spir- 
itual culture,  with  special  and  passionate  interest  in  moral  and 
social  advance 32   12509-14 

Herbert  Spencer,  an  English  embodiment  of  the  modern  attempt  to 

base  philosophy  on  natural  science 3  5    13707 

Matthew  Arnold,  an   English  critic  of  culture,   notably  representing 

new-departure  thought  at  Oxford  University 2    844-55 

E.  A.  Freeman,  one  of  the  most  prolific,  versatile,  and  learned  of 
great  English  historians;  without  a  living  superior  as  an  English 
historian  of  the  far  past    15  5977-79 


dx  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

F.  Max  Miiller,  a  celebrated  German-English  scholar  in  the  lan- 
guages and  literature  of  India;  editor  of  the  great  series  of 
<  Sacred  Books  of  the  East  > 26   10425-29 ;  4  3  395 

T.  H.  Huxley,  one  of  the  greatest  modern  English  masters  of  sci- 
entific research,  and  of  the  application  of  scientific  principles  to 
the  study  of  culture;  of  unrivaled  distinction  as  a  speaker  and  a 
writer 19  7805-14 

William  Stubbs,  the  gfreatest  of  scholars  in  the  history  of  Germanic 
civilization  and  constitutional  order  in  England,  Germany, 
France,  and  Spain;  an  authority  above  all  other 35    14139 

Algernon  Charles  Swinburne,  the  latest  surviving  of  the  six  preemi- 
nent English  poets  under  Victoria,  36  14289;  the  supreme  Eng- 
lish poet  of  childhood 36    14293 

W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  an  English  historical  writer  of  specially  great  im- 
portance for  his  studies  of  the  history  of  Thought  and  Morals ;  and 
for  his  great  < History  of  England  in  the  Eighteenth  Century>.2  2  8929-34 

John  Addington  Symonds,  one  of  the  chief  humanist  scholars  and 
expositors  of  modern  times,  author  of  histories  of  culture,  Greek 
and  Italian,  of  very  special  value 36  14337-39 

American. —  Benjamin  Franklin,  next  to  Washington,  the  conspicuous 
patriot  of  the  American  Revolution ;  one  of  the  great  humanist 
and  scientist  figures  of  the  modern  world 15  5925-37 

George  Washington,  the  preeminent  example  in  history  of  genius 
for  patriotism;  conspicuous  above  all  other  modern  instances  of 
greatness  through  the  intelligence  and  consistency  which  made 
the  American  Revolution  the  initiation  of  the  greatest  nation 
in   history 38    15665 

John  Adams  and  John  Quincy  Adams,  father  and  son,  eminent  intel- 
lectual representatives  of  New  England  in  early  American  states- 
manship      I    126,  134 

Thomas  Jefferson,  an  epoch-making  figure  in  American  political  de- 
velopment ;  founder  of  the  first  party  departure  in  American  politics  .21      8229 

James  Madison,  the  notable  representative,  after  Washington,  of  clear 
conceptions  and  conclusive  reasoning  looking  to  a  Constitutional 
Union 24     9531 

John  C,  Calhoun,  the  ablest  representative  political  thinker  and  states- 
man of  the  pro-slavery  South 7  3087-89 

Henry  Clay,  the  most  brilliantly  effective  of  American  political  orators ; 

and  a  most  notable  exponent  of  American  political  culture 9  3761-73 

Daniel  Webster,  the  impressively  great  orator  of  the  Nati^nal  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  against  both  Calhoun's  Nullification 
and  Clay's  Compromise 38   15728-30 

Washington    Irving,    the    most    conspicuous    and    interesting    of    the 

founders  of  American  literature 20  7991-8000 

George  Bancroft,  the  most  literary  of  the  earlier  representatives  of 
American  historical  writing;  author  of  a  standard  history  of  the 
United  States  to  the  first  administration  of  Washington 4  1433-39 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxi 

William  Ellery  Channing,  the  earliest  and  ablest  Boston  initiator  of 
Ethical  Culture  Christianity  in  place  of  the  Puritan  Dogmatic 
system 9        35i3 

Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  the  conspicuous  American  master  of  Broad 
Church  humanist  Puritanism ;  one  of  the  finest  examples  in 
literature  of  original  thought  in  both  prose  and  verse.  13  5421-33;  17  6724 

Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  the  most  distinguished  and  most  original  of 
American  novelists;  the  preeminent  romancer  of  New  England 
and  of  Puritanism 18  7053-61 

Louis  Agassiz,  one  of  the  greatest  of  modem  teachers  of  natural  sci- 
ence; founder  of  the  unsurpassed  museum  of  zoology  at  Harvard 
University i  212 

William  Cullen  Bryant,  America's  chief  early  poet  from  181 1,  and  a 
journalist  of  unsurpassed  eminence  for  culture  and  character  — 
the  creator  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post 6  2623-25 

Henry  W.  Longfellow,  one  of  the  artist  founders  of  American  litera- 
ture; a  New  Englander  with  the  spirit  of  Greek  culture;  his  ver- 
sion of  Dante  one  of  the  few  great  translations  of  literature  ...  2  3  9143-49 

John    Greenleaf   Whittier,    the    New    England    humanist    Puritan    in 

poetry  and  religious  insight 39   15911-16 

Abraham  Lincoln,  the  most  convincing  speaker  of  his  time;  author  of 
speeches  marked  by  clear  expressive  and  persuasive  eloquence, 
of  an  art  far  beyond  the  common  reach  of  statesmanship  or  ora- 
tory  23  9059-64 

Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  the  humorous  and  humanist  poet  and  thinker 

of  Boston  Puritanism 19  7457-62 

Horace  Greeley,  an  American  journalist  of  heroic  figure  and  epic  dis- 
tinction; of  unsurpassed  abilities  and  activities  in  the  history  of 
journalism  —  the  creator  of  the  New  York  Tribune 17     6653 

Charles  Sumner,  the  conspicuous  New  England  United  States  senator 

and  orator,  of  the  period  following  that  of  Webster  and  Clay.  3  6  14221-23 

Henry  Ward  Beecher,  the  most  conspicuous  and  impassioned  human- 
ist of  the  modern  pulpit;  notably  a  thinker,  humorist,  and  poet  .4  1713-19 

James  Russell  Lowell,  foremost  representative  of  American  letters  in 
the  last  half  of  the  nineteenth  century;  as  a  critical  thinker  and 
poet  of  the  finest  Puritan  type 23  9229-37 

Julia  Ward  Howe,  a  conspicuously  representative  English-American 
woman;  a  type  of  the  best  Boston  culture;  author  of  the  < Battle 
Hymn  of  the  Republic  > 19  7645-47 

Francis  Parkman,  brilliant  American  historian  of  the  great  struggle 
in  North  America  between  England  and  France,  the  result  of 
which  was  so  profoundly  decisive  of  American  developments  .28  1 1087-91 

Phillips  Brooks,  an  American  Broad-Church  pulpit  orator  of  the  high- 
est international  distinction 6  2417-20 


(ixii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 


DRAMAS  OF  NOTE 

AND  DRAMATIC  CHARACTERS  FROM  ALL  LITERATURES, 
ANCIENT  AND  MODERN 


Greek. —  ^schylus:  <The  Persians >;  Xerxes,  the  Persian  king;  Atossa, 
his  aged  mother ;  a  messenger  who  reports  the  defeat  of  Xerxes 
at  Salamis;  the  ghost  of  Darius;  a  Chorus  of  Persian  elders...  i  185 

<The  Suppliants^;  Danaiis,  father  of  fifty  daughters;  ^gyptus,  father 
of  fifty  sons;  Pelasg^s,  king  of  Argos;  a  Herald;  Chorus,  con- 
sisting of  the  daughters  of  Danaiis    i  186 

*The  Seven  Against  Thebes  >;  Eteocles  and  Polynices,  sons  of 
CEdipus ;  Adrastus,  king  of  Argos ;  Antigone  and  Ismene,  daugh- 
ters of  CEdipus;  a  Messenger;  a  Herald;  a  Chorus  of  Theban 
maidens i  187 

The    <  Prometheus  * ;  Force  and  Strength ;  Hephaestus ;  lo ;   Hermes ; 

Oceanus;  Chorus  of  the  daughters  of  Oceanus i  188 

The  ^  Agamemnon >;  Clytemnestra,  the  queen;  Agamemnon,  the 
king;  a  Herald;  Cassandra;  ^gisthus,  Clytemnestra's  paramour; 
Chorus  of  Argive  elders i  189 

<  The  Choephori  > ;  Orestes,  son  of  the  murdered  Agamemnon ;  Pylades, 

his  friend;    Electra,    his    sister;    an    old    nurse;   ^gisthus   and 

Clytemnestra ;  Chorus  of  captured  women   i  190 

<The  Eumenides  >;  a  Pythian  priestess;  Orestes;  Apollo,  who  appears 
to  Orestes;  the  ghost  of  Clytemnestra;  Athena;  Chorus  of  the 

Furies i  190 

Sophocles :  <  Antigone  > ;  Polynices  and  Eteocles,  brothers  who  kill 
each  other  in  combat;  Creon,  the  king,  who  refuses  funeral 
rites  to  Polynices;  Antigone  who  performs  these  in  defiance  of 
the  death  penalty  threatened  by  Creon 34  13650;  44  119 

<  QEdipus  at  Colonus  > ;  CEdipus,  the  aged  hero ;  Polynices,  his  unfilial 

son;  Antigone,  the  gentle  and  devoted  daughter  of  CEdipus.    .34    13664 

<  CEdipus  the  King  > ;  CEdipus,  represented  as  a  Greek  ideal ;  locasta, 

thoughtless  and  skeptical;  the  soothsayer  Tiresias. .    44         70 

<  Ajax  > ;    A jax,    deprived    of    reason,    and    a    suicide ;    Teucer,    his 

brother ;  Ulysses,  to  whom  the  arms  of  Achilles  had  been  given 

instead  of  to  Ajax 34   13667 ;  44  192 

Euripides:   <  Iphigenia,*  a  drama  (407   B.C.);    Iphigenia  the  heroine, 

Orestes  her  brother,  and  Pylades  his  devoted  friend 44         69 

<  Andromache  > ;    Pyrrhus,    son   of   Achilles ;    Andromache,    Hector's 

widow,  slave  to  Pyrrhus;  Hermione,  wife  of  Pyrrhus;  Peleus, 
grandfather  of  Pyrrhus;  Orestes,  cousin  of  Hermione  for  whom 
he  slays  Pyrrhus 44        120 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF  LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxiii 

<Alcestis^;  Admetus  doomed  to  die,  or  find  a  substitute;  Alcestis, 
his  wife,  who  offers  herself  in  his  place;  Hercules  who  under- 
takes to  rescue  Alcestis 44       190 

<Ion*  (423  B.C.);  Ion,  ancestor  of  the  lonians  of  Athens;  Creusa, 

his  mother,  unwittingly  seeking  his  death 44       190 

Aristophanes:  <The  Birds >  (414  B.C.),  a  burlesque  on  Greek  myth- 
ology; Euelpides  and  Peisthetaerus,  a  couple  of  old  Athenians; 

Tereus,  king  of  birdland 2  763 ;  44   191 

<The  Clouds >  (423);  Strepsiades,  an  unscrupulous  old  rascal;  his 
spendthrift  son  Pheidippides ;  Socrates  importuned  by  the  old 
man  to  tell  him  how  to  cheat  his  creditors, — a  savage  satire 
upon  the  great  philosopher 2  761 ;  44  119 

Latin. — Plautus:  <Aulularia,>  a  Latin  comedy;  Euclion,  an  old  miser; 

a  pot  of  gold  which  he  digs  up 44        120 

French. — <Adam,>  the  oldest  drama  in  the  French  language,  by  an  un^ 

known  author  in  the  twelfth  century ;  Adam ;  Eve ;  God ;  etc ...  4  4       294 

Aug^er,  fimile;  and  Sandeau,  Jules:  <Mr.  Poirier's  Son-in-Law,>  a 
classic  French  comedy;  Poirier,  a  rich  tradesman;  the  Marquis 
Gaston  de  Presles,  a  ruined  aristocrat  who  marries  his  daughter 
Antoinette;  Madame  de  Montjoy,  to  whom  the  Marquis  de- 
votes himself;  Verdelet,  Poirier's  friend 44       252 

Beaumarchais :  <The  Barber  of  Seville  >  (1775),  the  first  of  the  fa- 
mous Figai'o  trilogy  of  comedies,  satirizing  the  privileged 
classes;  Figaro,  a  barber;  Rosine,  a  coquettish  beauty;  Bar- 
tholo,  her  tutor  and  guardian,  in  love  with  her;  Count  Alma- 
viva,  Rosine's  lover;  Don  Basilio,  an  organist  and  Rosine's 
teacher 44       307 

Delavigne,  Cassimir :  <The  Sicilian  Vespers*  (1819),  a  dramatic  pic- 
ture of  the  massacre  of  the  French  in  Sicily  in  1282;  John  of 
Procida;  his  son  Loredan;  Montfort,  Loredan's  friend;  Princess 
Amelia,  betrothed  to  Loredan  but  in  love  with  Montfort 45       409 

Moliere:  <Les  Precieuses  Ridicules >  (1659),  a  famous  satirical  comedy; 
Madelon  and  Cathos,  two  country  ladies  affecting  literary  style ; 
their  lovers,  of  whom  they  require  literary  affectation ;  Mascarille 
and    Jodelet,    valets,  whom  the  lovers  cause  to  represent  them 

and  make  the  ladies  ridiculous 44       217 

<L'Avare,>  the  Miser  (1668),  a  prose  comedy,  one  of  the  most  fa- 
mous by  Moliere;  Harpagon,  an  old  miser;  Mariane,  whom  he 
designs  to  marry;  Elise,  his  daughter,  and  Anselme,  to  whom 
he  wishes  to  marry  her;  Cleante,  his  son,  preferred  to  him  by 

Mariane;  Valere,  in  love  with  Elise;  La  Fleche,  a  valet ..44       308 

*Tartuffe>  (1669),  one  of  Moliere's  most  famous  comedies;  Madame 
Parnelle,  an  old  lady,  very  devout;  Orgon,  her  married  son; 
Elmire,  wife   to    Orgon;   their    son    and    daughter;    Tartuffe.  a 

typical  religious  hypocrite 45       526 

*Les  Femmes  Savantes,>  the  Learned  Women  (1672),  one  of  Moliere's 
most  popular  comedies;  Chrysale,  an  honest  tradesman;  Phila- 
minte  his  wife,  and  Belise  his  sister,  affecting  a  love  of  polite 
33 


dxiv  OUTLINE  SURVEY  OF  THE   PRINCIPAL 

learning;    Armande   and    Henriette,  his   daughters;    Ariste,  his 

brother;  Clitandre,  suitor  to  Armande ...   4 5       424 

<L'Ecole  des  Femmes,*  the  School  for  Wives  (1662);  Arnolphe,  a 
middle-aged  man;  Agnes,  his  young  ward,  whom  he  means  to 
marry;  Horace,  son  of  Arnolphe's  old  friend,  and  lover  of  Agnes. 45  557 
*Le  Malade  Imaginaire>  (1673),  a  three-act  comedy,  Moliere's  last 
work;  Argan,  who  thinks  himself  ill;  Monsieur  Purgon,  his 
physician ;  Angelique,  his  daughter ;  Thomas  Diafoirus,  a  young 
doctor,  designed  by  Argan  for  Angelique;  Cleante,  a  lover  pre- 
ferred by  Angelique;  Beralde,  Argan's  brother,  favorer  of 
Cleante;  Toinette,  a  servant  girl,  disguised  as  a  doctor 44       308 

Racine:  <Mithridate>  (1673),  a  tragedy  of  great  power,  depicting 
Mithridates,  king  of  Pontus;  Monima,  his  betrothed;  Xiphares, 
a  chivalrous  son  in  love  with  Monima;  and  Phamaces,  a  treach- 
erous son .45        556 

^Andromache, ^  one  of  the  author's  greatest  works;   its  Andromache 

a  modern  character;  a  great  love  drama 44        120 

<Athalie,>  a  biblical  tragic  drama;  Athaliah;  the  boy  king  Joash.  .  .    44        122 

Scribe  and  Legouve:  <Adrienne  Lecouvreur>  (1849),  a  drama  of  witty 
dialogue  and  strong  dramatic  situations;  Adrienne  Lecouvreur, 
a  beautiful  actress;  Maurice,  Count  de  Saxe,  her  lover;  the 
Princess  de  Bouillon,  of  whom  he  had  been  an  admirer 44       310 

Voltaire:  <Alzire,>  a  tragedy,  Voltaire's  masterpiece;  Monteze,  a  native 
'  king  of  Potosi;    Alzire,  his  daughter;    Guzman,  Spanish  gover- 
nor of  Peru,  whom  Alzire  is  over-persuaded  to  marry;  Zamore, 
her  native  lover,  reported  dead  but  reappearing  as  a  captive  to 
Guzman ;  Alvares,  Guzman's  father 44       309 

German. —  Lessing,  Gotthold  Ephraim:  <  Nathan  the  Wise,>  a  literary, 
purpose  drama,  designed  to  teach  charity  and  toleration;  the 
Jew  Nathan;  Recha,  his  adopted  daughter;  a  Christian  knight, 
her  lover;  the  Jewish  patriarch;  the  Sultan  Saladin 44        172 

Schiller:  < William  TelP  (1804),  the  latest  of  its  author's  dramas;  Al- 
brecht,  duke  and  emperor;  his  bailiffs  Gessler  and  Beringer; 
William  Tell ;  Swiss  patriots 45        407 

Danish. —  Ibsen,  Henrik:  <  Ghosts >  (1881),  a  powerful  dramatic  em- 
bodiment of  the  significance  of  heredity;  Oswald  Alving,  son  of 
a  father  whose  vices  were  his  death;  Mrs.  Alving,  his  mother; 
her  adviser  Pastor  Manders 44       313 

Flemish. —  Maeterlinck,  Maurice:  <The  Blind,*  a  play  of  symbolism, 
the  characters  of  which  are  an  old  priest  and  a  company  of  blind 
men  and  women 44       312 

Italian. —  Guarini:  <I1  Pastor  Fido>  (1585),  a  pastoral  drama,  its  au- 
thor's masterpiece;  Amarilli,  the  heroine,  and  Silvio  to  whom  she 
is  betrothed;  Mirtillo,  a  lover  of  Amarilli  whom  she  prefers; 
Corisca,  in  love  with  Mirtillo  45       433 

Spanish. —  Echegaray,  Jose:  <The  Great  Galeoto*  (1881);  Julian  and 
his  young  wife  Teodora;  Ernest,  their  adopted  son;  Nebreda, 
Who  calumfiiates  Teodora 44       121 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxv 

English.— Addison,  Joseph:  <Cato  of  Utica>  (1713),  representing  Cato's 
last  desperate  struggle  against  Csesar;  Cato  and  Caesar  the  chief 
characters 44        118 

Congreve,  William:  <The  Mourning  Bride >  (1697);  Almeria,  daughter 
of  King  Manual  of  Granada;  Alphonso,  whom  she  marries; 
Anselmo,  Alphonso's  father;  Garcia,  son  of  Gonzalez;  Zara, 
captive  African  princess 44        120 

Gay,  John:  <The  Beggar's  Opera>  (1728);  Captain  Macheath,  leader 
of  a  gang  of  thieves;  Peacham,  receiver  of  stolen  goods;  Polly 
Peacham,  Macheath's  wife,  one  of  the  most  interesting  charac- 
ters in  English  drama 44        121 

Goldsmith,  Oliver:  <She  Stoops  to  Conquer>  (i773).  an  admirable 
comedy,  founded  on  an  incident  of  the  author's  life;  Squire 
Hardcastle;  Tony  Lumpkin,  his  stepson;  Kate,  his  daughter; 
Marlow,  a  suitor  to  Kate;  Constance  Neville,  designed  for 
Tony  by  his  mother ;   Hastings,  in  love  with  Constance 44       288 

Shakespeare.    See  below. 

Still,  John:  < Gammer  Gurton's  Needle >  (1566),  a  Cambridge  Univer- 
sity play,  one  of  the  earliest  comedies  in  English ;  Gammer  Gur- 
ton,  an  old  woman;  her  servant  Hodge;  Tib,  her  maid;  Cock, 
her  servant  boy;  Diccon  the  Bedlam;  Dame  Chat  and  her  maid 
Doll;  Master  Baily  and  his  man  Scapethrift;  Dr.  Rat,  the  curate.  44        124 

Swinburne,  Algernon  Charles:  <Atalanta  in  Calydon,^  a  tragedy  on 
the  Greek  model,  verj'  beautiful  in  its  choral  songs;  CEneus, 
and  Althaea  his  wife;  their  son  Meleager;  Atalanta,  a  priestess, 
beloved  by  Meleager;  Toxeus  and  Plexippus,  brothers  of  Althaea, 

whom  Meleager  slays  in  a  quarrel  about  Atalanta  44        122 

<Chastelard>  (1869),  a  tragedy  protraying  Mary  Queen  of  Scots; 
Mary  the  Queen  and  her  lover  Chastelard ;  Murray,  her  minister 
of  state;   Mary  Beaton;   Both  well 44       228 

Taylor,  Sir  Henry:  <  Philip  van  Artevelde*  (1834),  an  English  tragedy 
of  remarkable  excellence;  a  picture  of  Philip  van  Artevelde's 
great  struggle  as  a  popular  leader  at  Ghent  in  1381  and  his 
death  in  1382 45       338 

Udall,  Nicholas:  <  Ralph  Roister  Doister>  (1541),  the  first  English 
comedy;  Gavin  Goodluck,  a  thrifty  merchant;  his  betrothed 
Dame  Custance,  a  rich  widow;  Madge  Mumblecrust,  her  maid; 
Ralph,  a  suitor  to  the  widow,  and  Mathew  Merrygreek,  his  go- 
between 44        124 


Shakespeare,  William:  < Love's  Labour's  Lost*;  Ferdinand,  King  of 
Navarre;  his  three  lords,  Biron,  Dumain,  and  Longaville;  the 
Princess  of  France ;  Rosaline ;  Don  Adriano,  a  fantastical  Span- 
iard; Sir  Nathaniel,  a  curate;  Holofernes,  a  schoolmaster 45        380 

<  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona  >  ;  Valentine  of  Verona ;  Proteus,  his 
faithless  friend;  Speed,  his  servant,  a  clown;  Launce,  servant 
to  Proteus;  his  dog  Crab;  Julia,  the  heroine;  Silvia 45       381 


dxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

<The  Comedy  of  Errors  >  ;  Antipholus  of  Ephesus,  and  Antipholus 
of  Syracuse,  twin  brothers;  the  Dromio  twins,  their  servants; 
Duke  Solinus ;  Adriana,  wife  to  Antipholus  of  Ephesus ;  Luciana, 

her  sister ;  j^milia  and  ^geon ;  Dr.  Pinch 45       382 

< Romeo  and  Juliet*;  Capulet  and  Montagu,  heads  of  rival  houses; 
Romeo  a  Montagu,  and  Juliet  a  Capulet,  lovers;   Mercutio  and 

Tybalt ;  Friar  Laurence ;  a  garrulous  old  nurse 45       382 

< Henry  VI., >    Part  i. ;    Henry  VI. ;   Talbot  and  Exeter;  York  and 

Warwick;  Joan  of  Arc. 

Part   ii. ;    King   Henry  VI. ;    Margaret,    his   Queen ;    Suffolk,    her 

guilty   lover;    Duke   Humphrey,  the   Protector;    Buckingham, 

conspirator    with    Margaret    against    Humphrey's    life;    Jack 

Cade,  leader  of  an  insurrection. 

Part  iii. ;  Queen  Margaret;   Gloster  (Richard    III.);   King   Henry 

VI.,  imprisoned  and  assassinated;  Edward,  Gloster's  brother, 

made  King  Edward  IV.;  Clarence,  another  brother 45       383 

< Richard  III.>;  Gloster  (Richard  III.);  Clarence,  his  brother,  whom 
he  murders;  Anne,  widow  of  his  murdered  brother  Edward; 
Tyrrel,  hired  assassin  of  the  two  young  sons  of  Edward:  Hast- 
ings   and    Buckingham;    Richmond,    who    defeats    Richard    on 

Bosworth  Field,  and  becomes  Henry  VII 45       383 

*The  Merchant  of  Venice >;  Antonio,  a  generous  merchant;  Shylock, 
a  Jew  money  lender;  Bassanio,  Antonio's  friend;  Portia,  dis- 
guised as  a  doctor-at-law ;  Jessica,  Shylock's  daughter;  Nerissa, 

Portia's  maid ;  Lorenzo,  Jessica's  lover 45       384 

*King  John*;  John,  the  base  un-English  king;  the  young  prince, 
Arthur,  the  rightful  heir,  whose  death  John  compasses;  Con- 
stance,   Arthur's    mother;    the    Bastard,    Faulconbridge,    King 

John's  right-hand  man 45        385 

< Midsummer  Night's  Dream >;  Duke  Theseus;  Hippolyta,  whom  he 
is  to  wed ;  Lysander  and  Hermia,  lovers ;  Demetrius  and  Helena, 
lovers;  Queen   Titania,  and   her  train  of   fairies;    Oberon  and 

Puck ;  Bottom,  Snout,  Snug  the  joiner 45       385 

< Richard  II.>;  Richard  II.,  a  weak  king;  Bolingbroke,  who  sup- 
planted him,  and  became  Henry  IV. ;  old  John  of  Gaunt;  Ex- 
ton,  hired  by  Henry  to  kill  John 45       386 

< All's  Well  That  Ends  WelP;  Bertram,  a  young  count;  Helen, 
who  wins  him  in  marriage ;  the  old  countess,  Bertram's  mother ; 

ParoUes,    a   cowardly    braggart 45        387 

<The  Taming  of   the    Shrew  >;    Baptista,  a  rich   old   gentleman    of 
Padua;  Katharina  and   Bianca,    his   daughters;   Petruchio,  who 
seeks  to  win  Katharina ;  Lucentio,  Bianca's  lover ;  Christopher  Sly.  4  5       387 
<King  Henry  IV.  >;  Part  i. ;  King  Henry,  who  had  caused  the  death 
of    Richard    II. ;    Prince    Hal,    his    son ;  Hotspur,  head    of    the 
Percy  faction;   Falstaflf. 
Part  ii. ;  King  Henry,  who   comes   to  his   end ;   Piince   Hal,  who 
becomes  Henry  V.;  Falstaff;   Dame   Quickly;   Pistol;   Justice 
Shallow;    Doll  Tearsheet ... 45       388 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxvii 

< Merry  Wives  of  Windsor*;  Sir  John  Falstaff;  Bardolph,  Nym,  and 
Pistol,  his  men;  Mrs.  Ford  and  Mrs.  Page,  the  Merry  Wives; 
Shallow,  a  country  justice ;  his  cousin.  Slender,  and  Slender's 
man,  Simple;  Doctor  Caius,  and  Dame  Quickly,  his  housekeeper; 
Anne  Page,  and  Fenton,  her   lover 45       389 

<King  Henry  V.>;  bluff  King  Harry,  Shakespeare's  most  notable 
ideal;  Fluellen,  a  Welsh  companion  of  Henry;  Kate,  the  French 
King's  daughter,  whom  Henry  woos ;  Pistol,  Bardolph,  and  Nym .  4  5        390 

<Much  Ado  About  Nothing  >;  Hero,  and  her  lover  Claudio;  Bea- 
trice, and  her  lover  Benedick;  Don  John,  the  villain  of  the 
play;  Dogberry,  the  constable,  and  goodman  Verges;  Friar 
Francis 4  5       39o 

<As  You  Like  It>;  Orlando,  a  manly  youth;  Oliver,  his  villainous 
elder  brother;  Adam,  their  servant;  Celia,  daughter  of  the 
reigning  duke;  Rosalind,  her  cousin;  Touchstone,  the  clown; 
Jacques,  a  blase  libertine;   Audrey 45       391 

< Twelfth  Night >;  Olivia,  a  rich  lady;  the  Duke  Orsino,  in  love 
with  her;  Malvolio,  her  steward;  Sir  Toby  Belch,  her  kinsman; 
Maria,  her  maid;  Sir  Andrew  Aguecheek,  a  suitor;  Viola,  and 
her  brother  Sebastian 45       391 

< Julius  Caesar >;  Caesar;  Brutus,  Cassius,  and  Casca,  chief  conspira- 
tors against  Caesar ;  Antony ;    Portia,  wife   of    Brutus 45       392 

*  Hamlet  >;  Hamlet,  prince  of  Denmark;  Claudius,  his  uncle,  now 
king,  through  killing  Hamlet's  father;  the  Queen,  his  mother, 
married  to  Claudius;  Polonius,  an  old  counselor;  Rosencrantz 
and  Guildenstem,  treacherous  courtiers ;  Horatio,  Hamlet's  friend; 
Ophelia,  to  whom  Hamlet  is  engaged;  Laertes,  her   brother... 4 5       393 

<Troilus  and  Cressida*;  Troilus,  a  young  Trojan;  Cressida,  with 
whom  he  is  in  love;  Diomed,  Ajax,  Ulysses,  Agamemnon, 
Nestor,  and  Achilles,  Greek  leaders  before  Troy;  Pandarus, 
Cressida's  uncle;  Hector,  the  Trojan  hero;  the  foul-mouthed 
Thersites 45       393 

< Othello >;  Othello  the  Moor;  Desdemona,  whom  he  has  wedded; 
Cassio,  appointed  lieutenant  by  Othello ;  lago,  who  hates  Othello 
for  this  appointment;  Roderigo,  in  love  with  Desdemona,  and 
a  tool  of  lago;    Emilia,  lago's  wife 45       394 

< Measure  for  Measure >;  the  Duke  disguised  as  a  friar;  Angelo  and 
Escalus,  his  deputies ;  Claudio,  condemned  to  death  by  Angelo ; 
Angelo's  sister,  Isabella;  Mariana,  formerly  betrothed  to  Angelo.  45        395 

< Macbeth >;  Macbeth,  king,  by  the  murder  of  King  Duncan;  Ban- 
quo,  his  comrade  in  a  successful  campaign;  Lady  Macbeth; 
Malcolm  and  Macduff,  Duncan's  sons 45       395 

<King  Lear>;  Lear,  the  king;  Cornwall  and  Albany,  sons-in-law  to 
whom  he  divides  his  kingdom ;  Goneril  and  Regan,  malignantly 
wicked  daughters;  Cordelia,  a  faithful  daughter;  Gloster;  Ed- 
mund, an  evil  son  to  Gloster,  and  Edgar,  a  faithful  son;  Kent, 
the  king's  nearest  friend 45       396 


dxviii  OUTLINE  survey  of  the  principal 

<Timon  of  Athens >;  Timon,  a  rich  lord;  Flavins,  a  faithful  stew- 
ard; Alcibiades,  an  old  acquaintance;  Apemantus,  a  cynical  dog.  45       397 

<  Pericles,  Prince  of  Tyre  > ;    Pericles,  the   prince ;   Thaisa,  his  wife ; 

Marina,  their  daughter;  Cerimon,  a  good  physician;  Cleon   and 

Dionyza,  with  whom  Marina  grows  up 45       397 

< Antony  and  Cleopatra >;  Cleopatra,  Queen  of  Egypt;  Antony,  the 
Roman  soldier,  her  lover;  Octavia,  Caesar's  sister,  whom  An- 
tony marries ;  Enobarbus,  a  follower  of  Antony   45        398 

<  Coriolanus  * ;     Coriolanus,     a     Roman     patrician;     Volumnia,     his 

mother;  Virgilia,  his  wife;  Valeria,  her  friend 45       398 

<Cymbeline>;  Cymbeline,  the  British  king;  Imogen,  his  daughter; 
Posthumus,  to  whom  she  is  secretly  married ;  Cloten,  the  king's 
worthless  stepson,  whom  he  wishes  Imogen  to  marry;  lachimo, 
who  attempts  a  plot  against  Imogen 45       399 

<A  Winter's  Tale>;  Leontes,  king  of  Sicily;  Hermione,  his  wife, 
about  whom  he  is  insanely  jealous;  Polixenes,  king  of  Bohe- 
mia, and  guest  of  Leontes;  Perdita,  Hermione's  daughter;  Flo- 
rizel,  son  of  Polixenes,  and  Perdita's  lover;  Autolycus,  with  a 
genius  for  thieving 45       399 

-The  Tempest*;  Prospero,  rightful  duke  of  Milan;  Miranda,  his 
daughter;  Caliban,  their  slave;  Antonio,  his  brother,  in  posses- 
sion of  the  dukedom;  the  king  of  Naples,  Antonio's  confeder- 
ate; Ferdinand,  son  of  the  king  of  Naples;  Gonzalo,  an  old 
friend  of  Prospero;  Sebastian,  a  courtier;  Stephano,  a  butler, 
and  Trinculo  court  jester 45       400 

< Henry  VIII.) ;  King  Henry;  Queen  Katharine;  Anne,  Henry's  sec- 
ond queen;  Cardinal  Wolsey;  the  Duke  of  Buckingham; 
Cranmer,  archbishop,  tried  for  heresy;  Bishop  Gardiner,  his 
persecutor 45       401 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  (Jxix 

NOVELS  OF  NOTE 

AND  CHARACTERS  CREATED  BY   NOVELISTS 


Alarc6n,  Pedro  Antonio  de:  <The  Child  of  the  Ball,>  a  powerful  and 
tragic  novel ;  Rodrigo,  a  debtor ;  Perez,  a  money  lender ;  Manuel, 
young  son  to  Rodrigo;  Don  Trinidad,  the  curate;  Soledad, 
Perez's  daughter,  with   whom    Manuel    falls   in  love;    Antonio 

Arregui,  who  marries  Soledad .  . 44       221 

<  Captain  Veneno,>  a  story  of  Madrid  in  1848;  Captain  Veneno,  a 
wounded  soldier ;  Doiia  Teresa,  who  shelters  him ;  her  daughter 
Angustias 44       220 

Aldrich,  Thomas  Bailey:  <The  Story  of  a  Bad  Boy,>  a  humorous, 
partly  autobiographical  novel;  Tom  Bailey,  the  hero;  Rev. 
Wibird  Hawkins,  instructor  in  goody-goody  conduct 45        542 

Aleman,  Mateo:  <  Guzman  de  Alfarache,>  a  Spanish  romance  of  ras- 
cal and  vagabond  life;  Guzman,  who  tells  his  adventures 45        380 

Allen,  James  Lane:  <The  Choir  Invisible)  (1897),  a  romance  of  pio- 
neer life  in  Kentucky  one  hundred  years  ago;  John  Gray,  an 
idealist  schoolmaster;  Amy  Falconer,  a  pretty  flirt;  Mrs.  Fal- 
coner, the  ideal  woman  of  the  story 44        143 

Andersen,  Hans  Christian:  <The  Improvisatore,*  a  Danish  romance  of 
special  autobiographic  interest ;  Antonio,  a  poor  chorister  boy  in 
Rome;  Bernado,  his  patrician  friend;  Annunziata,  a  famous 
Spanish  singer,  with  whom  both  are  in  love 44        160 

Astor,  William  Waldorf:  ^Sforza^  (1889),  a  study  of  Italian  scenes  at 
the  opening  of  the  sixteenth  century;  I^udovic  Sforza,  Duke  of 
Milan;  Isabelle,  widow  of  the  murdered  Duke;  Louis  XII.  of 
France;  Hermes,  nephew  of  Ludovic;  Bernadino,  in  love  with 
Isabelle;  Narvaez,  a  famous  Spanish  fencing-master;  Almodoro, 
a  soothsayer ;  the  Chevalier  Bayard 44       292 

Auerbach,  Berthold:  <0n  the  Heights  >  (1865),  considered  the  author's 
finest  work;  Countess  Irma  at  a  German  court;  the  King,  fas- 
cinated by  her  beauty;  Walpurga,  a  peasant  woman  employed 
by  the  Queen  as  a  nurse 44        159 

Balzac:  ^ Cesar  Birotteau>;  Birotteau,  a  French  shopkeeper;  Constance, 
his  wife;   Cdsarine,  his  daughter;   Du   Tillet,    an  unscrupulous 

clerk;  Roquin,  the  notary;  Vauquelin,  the  great  chemist 45        347 

<The  Chouans>  (1829);  Marie  de  Vemeuil,  a  young  girl;  the 
Marquis  de  Montauran,  royalist  leader  in  Bretagne;  Hulot,  a 
rough  republican  commandant;  Marche-a-Terre,  a  ferocious,  but 
honest  fanatic 44       182 


dxx  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

<  The  Country  Doctor  >  (1833) ;  Genestas,  known  as  Captain  Bluteau; 

Dr.    Benassis,    a   country   doctor,  the  central   character   of  the 

story;  Jacquotte,  the  doctor's  cook 44       183 

< Eugenie  Grandet  >  (1833) ;  Father  Grandet,  a  rich  miser;  Eugenie,  his 
daughter,  and  her  mother ;  Charles,  Eugenie's  handsome  cousin ; 
Monsieur  de  Bonfons,  an  old  friend  whom  she  finally  marries.  3  135 1 ;  44  183 

*Pere  Goriot*  (1834),  the  story  of  a  French  Lear;  Pere  Goriot,  a 
retired  manufacturer;  Anastasie  and  Delphine,  his  married 
daughters,  to  whom  he  has  given  his  whole  fortune ;  Eugene  de 
Rastinac,  who  becomes  Delphine's  admirer 3  1351,  1360;  44   183 

<  Alkahest  >;  Balthazar  Claes,   a   wealthy  chemist  seeking  to  solve 

the  mystery  of  matter;  his  daughter  Marguerite,  one  of  Balzac's 

finest  creations 45       378 

<  Cousin   Bette^  (1846),   a  powerful   picture  of   Parisian  tastes  and 

vices;  Lisbeth  Fischer,  or  Cousin  Bette,  an  eccentric  poor  rela- 
tion ;  Adeline,  wife  of  Baron  Hector  Hulot ;  Madame  Marneflfe, 
an  unscrupulous  beauty;  the  Baron,  a  base  voluptuary ...  3  1362;  44  184 

<  Cousin   Pons>    (1847);    Sylvain    Pons,   the   hero,    a    simple-hearted 

old  musician ;  the  Marvilles,  his  purse-proud  cousins ;  Gaudissard, 

a  theatre  director 3   1362 ;  4  4  184 

<The  Duchesse  de  Langeais,^  a  study  of  the  aristocracy  of  Paris 
under  the  Restoration;  the  Duchess,  a  typical  French  lady, 
Armand  de  Montriveau,  a  determined  lover;  the  Duke,  living 
a  military  life  apart 44        218 

Baring-Gould,  S.:  <  Richard  Cable  >  (1888);  Richard,  a  light-ship 
keeper;  Josephine,  a  young  lady  rescued  by  him;  Richard's 
seven  daughters 45        423 

Barr,  Mrs.  Amelia:  ^Jan  Vedder's  Wife,*  a  story  of  Shetland  Islands 
life  fifty  years  ago;  Jan  Vedder,  a  handsome  young  sailor,  self- 
indulgent  and  extravagant;  Margaret,  whom  he  marries,  the 
thrifty  and  stingy  daughter  of  rich  Peter  Fae 44        144 

Barrie,  J.  M.  :  <The  Little  Minister*  (1891);  Gavin  Dishart,  the  hero, 
a  boy  preacher ;  Margaret  Dishart,  his  mother ;  Dominie  Ogilvy, 
who  turns  out  to  be  Gavin's  father;  Babbie,  the  Egyptian, 
promised  bride  of  Lord  Rintoul 44         54 

Besant,  Walter :  <A11  Sorts  and  Conditions  of  Men,*  a  story  which 
suggested  the  famous  People's  Palace  of  East  London;  Angela 
Messenger,  a  wealthy  orphan,  and  university  graduate,  an 
enthusiast   for    helping    the    workingfwomen    of    East    London; 

Harry  Goslett,  associated  with  her 44       274 

<For  Faith  and  Freedom*  (1888);  Rev.  Comfort  Eykin,  chaplain 
in  Monmouth's  Rebellion;  Grace,  his  daughter,  who  tells  the 
greater  part  of  the  story;  Robin  Challis,  her  lover;  Humphrey 
Challis,  also  in  love  with  Grace;  Barnaby  Eykin,  her  brother.  ,44  106 
< Children  of  Gibeon,*  a  study  of  social  problems  in  London;  Lady 
Mildred  Eldredge,  a  rich  widow;  Valentine  and  Violet,  Lady 
Mildred's  daughter,  and  a  waif  adopted  and  brought  up  with 
her;  Claude,  a  young  university  man 44        149 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxxi 

Bjdrnson,  Bjornstjerne :  <Synnove  Solbakken>  (1857),  Synnove,  daugh- 
ter of  a  Norwegian  farmer;  Thorbjorn  Granliden,  her  schoolmate 
and  lover ;  Thorbjorn's  severe  father ;  Solbakken,  Synnove's  father. 4  5        524 
<The  Fisher  Maiden  >  (1868);    Petra,  a  strong-natured,  imaginative 

girl,  said  to  embody  many  traits  of  the  author 44       109 

Black,  William:  <A  Daughter  of  Heth>  (1871) ;  Catherine  Cassilis,  or 
Coquette,  a  Scotch-French  daughter  of  the  sunny  south  of 
France;  her  uncle,  minister  of  Airlie  in  Scotland,  w^hose  ward 

she  becomes 44       255 

<Green  Pastures  and  Piccadilly*  (1875),  a  story  of  England  and 
America;  Hugh  Balfour,  a  young  reformer;  Sylvia,  his  wife, 
who  thinks  herself  a  hindrance  to  him;  the  Van  Rosens,  with 
whom  she  goes  to  America 44       255 

Blacktnore,  R.  D.:  <Lorna  Doone>;  a  Devonshire  story,  the  author's 
masterpiece;  John  Ridd,  the  hero;  the  Doones,  a  band  of  brig- 
ands in  Bagworthy  Forest;  John's  mother,  and  sisters  Annie 
and    Lizzie;    Lorna,    the    child-queen    of    the    Doones;    Carver 

Doone,  with  whom  John  fights  a  duel 5   2014 ;  45   518 

<The  Maid  of  Sker,>  a  story  of  the  last  twenty  years  of  the  eight- 
eenth century  in  England  and  Wales;  « Fisherman  Davj'» 
Llewellyn,  a  sailor;  Bertha,  the  heroine;  Rodney  Bluett,  a  naval 
veteran;  « Black  Evan's »  five  sons;  Parson  Chowne,  a  giant  vil- 
lain ;  Lady  Isabel  Carey 45        542 

Bourget,  Paul:  <The  Disciple, >  a  story  of  Paris  after  1870;  an  agnos- 
tic philosopher;  a  young  man  who  becomes  his  disciple;  a 
young  girl  whose  death  the  disciple  causes;   her  brother,   who 

kills  the  disciple  in  a  duel 44       251 

<Cosmopolis>;   Countess   Steno;    Bolislas  Gorka,   an  irritable  Slav; 

Lincoln  Maitland,  an  American  artist ;   Dorsenne 44         93 

Boyesen,  H.  H.:  <Gunnar:  A  Tale  of  Norse  Life>  (1874);  Gunnar 
Thorson;  his  father,  Thor  Gunnarson,  a  cottager;  his  grand- 
mother, old  Gunhild;  Atle  Larsson,  a  land  owner  and  leading 
man ;  his  daughter  Ragnhild,  Gunnar's  beloved .44       226 

Bremer,  Frederika:  <The  Neighbors,*  a  story  delightfully  picturing 
Swedish  domestic  life ;  Franziska  Werner ;  «  Bear,»  a  country  doc- 
tor, her  husband;  his  mother,  of  imperious  temper;  Bruno,  his 
brother;  Serena,  Bruno's  sweetheart;  Hagar,  a  Jewess,  jealous 
of  Serena    44       249 

Bront6,  Charlotte:  <Jane  Eyre>;  Jane  Eyre,  the  heroine;  Mr.  Roch- 
ester, to  a  ward  of  whom  she  becomes  governess;  Rochester's 
insane  wife 45       ^29 

Brooke,  Henry:  *The  Fool  of  Quality*  (1777),  a  novel  greatly  valued 
by  John  Wesley  for  its  spiritual  teaching;  its  notable  character, 
Harry,  a  youth  of  doubtful  mind 44       236 

Bulwer,  Edward,  Lord  Lytton:  <Kenelm  Chillingly*  (1873);  Kenelm 
ChiUingly,  an  attractive,  high-minded  heir  of  an  old  family; 
Gordon  Chillingly,  an  ambitious  politician ;  Lily  Mordaunt,  hero- 
ine of  Kenelm's  love-affair 44         52 


dxxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

<Harold.,>  a  story  of  the  last  years  of  Edward  the  Confessor's 
reign;  Earl  Harold;  Edith  the  Fair  betrothed  to  Harold;  Duke 
William  of  Normandy;  Aldyth,  whom  Harold  for  state  reasons 
was  compelled  to  marry;  Tostig,  a  traitor  brother  of  Harold's. 44       265 

< Eugene  Aram>  (1832),  a  story  based  upon  facts;  Eugene  Aram,  a 
poor  scholar,  forced  to  connive  at  a  murder;  Houseman,  the 
actual  criminal;  Madeline  Lester,  engaged  to  marry  Aram 45       377 

*A  Strange  Story, >  a  fascinating  study   of   occult  science;   Doctor 

Fenwick,  who  tells  the  story;  Dr.  Lloyd,  a  disciple  of  Mesmer.45       549 

'Rienzi,  the  Last  of  the  Roman  Tribunes*  (1848),  a  closely  his- 
torical story;  Cola  di  Rienzi,  the  hero;  Walter  de  Montreal,  his 
rival ;  Nina,  his  wife ;    Irene,  his  sister ;  Adrian,  Irene's  lover  .45       538 

<  The   Caxtons  *   ( 1850) ;   Austin   Caxton,  a   great   scholar ;  his  wife 

Kitty  much  his  junior ;  his  brother.  Captain  Roland ;  Pisistratus, 
son  of  Austin ;  Herbert  and  Blanche,  children  of  Roland ;  Mr. 
Trevanion  and  his  wife  Lady  EUinor 44        134 

<My  Novel,*  a  close  picture  of  English  life  in  Bulwer's.  day ;  Squire 
Hazeldean;  Parson  Dale;  Audley  Egerton,  a  politician;  Baron 
Levy,  a  money  lender;  Harley,  the  hero  of  the  book;  Doctor 
Riccabocca,  a  political  exile 45        544 

*Paul  Clifford*  (1830),  a  story  of  exposure  of  the  working  of  British 
penal  legislation;  Paul  Cliiford,  an  escaped  criminal;  Lucy  Bran- 
don, a  young  heiress;  Sir  William  Brandon,  her  guardian;  Lord 
Mauleverer,  in  love  with  Lucy 45        532 

<The  Last  Days  of  Pompeii*  (1834),  a  tale  of  the  destruction  of 
Pompeii;  Glaucus,  a  young  Greek;  lone,  with  whom  he  is  in 
love;  Arbaces,  a  villain,  her  guardian;  Nydia,  a  blind  girl  ...  .45  526 
Cable,  George  W.:  <The  Grandissimes *  (1880),  a  study  of  the  Creole 
population  of  Louisiana;  the  brothers  Honors,  of  the  Grandis- 
simes; Aurora,  widow  of  the  last  of  the  De  Grapions,  and  her 
only  daughter  Clotilde;  Joseph  Frowenfeld,  a  German-Ameri- 
can; Palmyre,  a  former  domestic  slave;  Raoul,  a  typical  young 
Creole 44       140 

<Dr.  Sevier*  (1882);  John  Richling,  the  son  of  a  rich  planter;  Dr. 

Sevier,  a  kind-hearted  physician ...    44        153 

Caine,  Hall  :  <The  Deemster*  (1877);  Thorkell  Mylrea,  the  Deemster, 
and  Gilchrist,  his  brother,  bishop  of  the  Isle  of  Man ;  Ewan  and 
Mona,  son  and  daughter  of  Thorkell,  and  Dan,  the  son  of  the 
bishop 4  4  53 

<  The   Bondman  * ;    Stephen    Orry,  a   dissolute   seaman ;   Jason,    his 

son;    Sunlocks,    Orry's    son   by   his   second   marriage;    Greeba, 

whose  love  Sunlocks  wins 44       283 

<The  Christian*  (1897),  Glory  Quayle,  Manx  clergyman's  grand- 
daughter; John  Storm,  a  religious  enthusiast 44       150 

<The  Manxman*  (1894),  a  present-day  romance  of  the  Isle  of  Man; 
Old  Iron  Christian,  the  deemster  or  judge;  his  two  sons,  Thomas 
and  Peter;  Philip,  son  of  Thomas;  Peter  Quilliam,  son  of  Peter; 
Kate  Cregeen,  young  Peter's  sweetheart 45        528 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxxiii 

Catherwood,  Mary  Hartwell:  <The  Lady  of  Fort  St.  John,>  a  ro- 
mance of  Acadia,  in  1645;  Marie  de  la  Tour,  command- 
ing the  defense  of  Fort  St.  John;  D'Aulnay  de  Chamisay,  in 
command  of  a  besieging  force 45        535 

Cherbuliez,  Charles  Victor:  <Jean  Teterol's  Idea>  (1878);  Jean  T^t- 
erol,  a  young  peasant;  the  Baron  Saligneux;  Lionel,  son  to 
Jean  after  he  has  amassed  wealth;  Claire,  the  baron's  daughter.  .44  181 
<The  Revenge  of  Joseph  Noirel,>  a  tragic  story  of  the  results  of 
social  conditions;  M,  Merion,  a  manufacturer;  Marguerite,  his 
daughter,  unhappily  married  to  a  Count  of  criminal  antece- 
dents; Joseph  Noriel,  overseer  to  M.  Merion,  and  in  love  with 
Marguerite 4  5       472 

Collins,  Wilkie  :  <Antonina,>  an  historical  romance  of  the  fifth  cent- 
ury; the  Emperor  Honorius;  Alaric,  the  Goth;  Numarian,  a 
Roman  Christian;  Antonina,  his  daughter;  Hermanric,  a  Gothic 

chieftain  in  love  with  Antonina ;   Ulpius,  a  pagan  priest 45        370 

tThe  Moonstone >   (1868);    John  Herncastle,   a  soldier  in   India;    a 

Brahmin;  Miss  Verinder,  Herncastle's  niece 44         52 

Cooper,  James  Fenimore :  <  The  Pilot>  (1823),  a  sea  story  suggested 
by  Paul  Jones's  adventures;  the  Pilot,  intended  to  represent 
Paul  Jones;  Colonel  Howard,  and  his  nieces  Cecilia  and  Kath- 
erine;  Dillon,  the  villain  of  the  story;    Griffith  and  Barnstaple, 

lovers  of  the  two  girls;  Long  Tom,  the  coxswain 45        554 

<The  Red  Rover >  (1827);  The  Red  Rover,  a  notorious  pirate; 
Henry  Ark,  a  lieutenant  on  the  English  ship  Dart;  Miss  Ger- 
trude Grayson,  and  her  governess  Mrs.   Wyllys 44       203 

<The  Bravo >;  Don  Camillo,  a  Paduan  noble;  Violetta.  a  young 
orphan  heiress  with  whom  he  has  fallen  in  love;  Jacopo,  the 
Bravo 44        203 

Couperus,  Louis  Marie  Anne:  <Majesty>  (1894),  one  of  the  great 
works  of  modern  Dutch  fiction;  more  a  prose-poem  than  a 
novel;  Othomar,  a  Crown  prince;  Oscar,  the  Emperor,  his 
father;  Elizabeth,  his  mother;  the  Duchess,  a  beautiful  coquette; 
the  Archduchess,  to  whom  he  becomes  betrothed;  Siegfried  his 

grandfather 44       248 

<  Footsteps  of  Fate,>  a  powerful  Dutch  story;  Frank,  a  young  Hol- 
lander in  his  villa  near  London ;  Bertie,  a  returned  prodigal  whom 
he  befriends ;  Frank's  lady  love  against  whom  Bertie  plots  ...  4  5       472 

Craik,  Mrs.  Maria  Muloch  :  <John  Halifax,  Gentleman>  (1856);  John 
Halifax,  a  poor  boy,  the  hero;  Mr.  Fletcher,  a  wealthy  tanner 
who  employs  him;   Phineas   Fletcher,  his  master's  invalid  son; 

Ursula  March,  heroine  of  the  story 44       199 

< Hannah)   (1871),  a  problem  story;   Bernard  Rivers,  a  clergyman; 

Hannah,  his  deceased  wife's  sister;  Rosie,  his  infant  daughter.  .44       266 

Crawford,  F.  Marion  :  <  Mr.  Isaacs  > ;  Mr.  Isaacs^  a  high-bred  Persian, 
married  to  three  wives;  Paul  Griggs,  his  English  friend;  Miss 
Westonhaugh,  a  beautiful  Englishwoman,  with  whom  the  Per- 
sian falls  in  love 45        546 


dxxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

<Dr.  Claudius*  (1883);  Dr.  Claudius,  a  student  at  Heidelberg,  in- 
heritor of  an  American  fortune;  the  Countess  Margaret,  with 
whom  he  is  in  love 44       282 

<A  Roman  Singer  >  (1884);  Nino  Cardegna,  the  singer;  Cornelio 
Grandi,  a  professor  at  Rome  who  has  adopted  Nino;  Hedwig,  a 
Count's  daughter  with  whom  Nino  falls  in  love;  Benoni,  a  rich 
Jew,  chosen"  by  Hedwig's  father  for  her  husband 44       155 

<Don  Orsino  >  (1892),  a  good  picture  of  life  at  Rome;  Orsino  in 
business  at  Rome;  Del  Ferice,  who  lends  him  money;  Maria 
Consuelo,  whom  he  loves 45       371 

<Casa  Braccio>  (1896);  Sister  Maria  Addolorata,  a  beautiful  nun; 
Angus  Dalrymple,  a  young  Scotch  physician,  her  lover;  Stefa- 
none,  a  peasant,  father  of  a  girl  who  kills  herself  for  love  of 
Angus;  Gloria,  daughter  of  Angus;  Reanda  and  Paul  Griggs, 
her  lovers 44       150 

*Corleone>  (1897);   Don   Orsino,  the  leading  character;  Vittoria,  a 

Sicilian  hero 44        198 

<Greifenstein,>  a  story  of  Swabia  and  German  student  life  about  1888; 
Baron  von  Grdifenstein  and  his  half-brother  Von  Rieseneck; 
Clara  Kurtz,  wife  to  the  Baron  but  in  fact  Von  Rieseneck's 
discarded  wife;  Greif,  son  to  the  Baron  and  Clara;  Rex,  Greif's 
friend,  son  to  Rieseneck;  Hilda,  Greif's  cousin,  and  his  be- 
trothed   44       268 

Crockett,  Samuel  R.:  <The  Raiders  >;  May  Maxwell,  of  a  family  of 
smugglers;  Patrick  Heron,  the  hero,  in  love  with  her;  Hector 
Faa,  an  outlaw  chief,  who  demands   May  in  marriage;   Silver 

Sand,  who  aids  Patrick  to  rescue  May 44        276 

Daudet,  Alphonse  :  <  Numa  Roumestan  > ;  Numa  Roumestan,  a  genuine 

Provengal,  depicting  Gambetta  in  early  life 44         92 

*The  Nabob  ^;  Jansoulet,  the  Nabob,  home  from  Tunis  with  a  great 
fortune ;  Dr.  Jenkins,  inventor  of  an  infallible  pill ;  the  journal- 
ist Moessard;  several  characters  thinly  disguised  Parisian  per- 
sons     44       222 

<The  Immortal >  (1888),  a  satire  on  the  French  Academy;  a  book- 
worm, member  of  the  Academy;   his   ambitious  wife;  and  his 

spendthrift  son 44       182 

De  Forest,  J.  W.:  <Miss  Ravenel's  Conversion*;  Doctor  Ravenel,  a 
secessionist  at  the  opening  of  the  war;  Lillie,  his  daughter; 
John  Carter,  Confederate  Brigadier-General,  her  first  lover;  Ed- 
ward Colburne,  the  ideal  character  of  the  book 44        304 

<The  Wetherel  Affair*  (1873);  Judge  Jabez  Wetherel,  a  rich  old 
man  mysteriously  murdered;  his  nephew,  Edward,  on  whom 
some  suspicion  rests;  Nestoria  Bernard,  with  whom  Edward  is 
in  love;  Count  Poloski,  the  real  murderer 45       481 

^  Irene  the  Missionary  > ;  Irene,  the  heroine,  going  as  a  missionary  to 
Syria;  De  Vries,  a  young  scholar,  her  fellow- voyager ;  a  com- 
monplace consul  at  Beirut;  a  fierce  young  doctor  who  teaches 
her  Syriac 44       214 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  dxxV 

<  Kate  Beaumont, >  a  vivid  picture  of  South  Carolina  before  the  Civil 
War;  the  Beaumonts  and  the  McAllisters,  powerful  families  at 
feud    with    each   other;    Kate    Beaumont,    the    heroine;    Frank 

McAllister,  her  lover 44       249 

Deland,  Mrs.  Margaret:  <John  Ward,  Preacher >  (1888),  a  story  of 
Calvinism  in  belief;  John  Ward,  a  Presbyterian  minister;  Helen, 
his  Broad-Church  wife;  and  her  uncle,  a  liberal  Episcopal  rec- 
tor   44        198 

Dickens,  Charles:  < Oliver  Twist >  (1838);  Oliver,  a  poorhouse  waif; 
the  Artful  Dodger;  Fagin  the  Jew;  Nancy  Sykes;  Bill  Sykes, 
house-breaker 44         48 

<Barnaby  Rudge*  (1841);  Barnaby,  a  poor  half-witted  lad;  his 
mother,  and  his  raven  Grip;  Gabriel  Varden,  an  old  locksmith; 
Dolly  Varden,  his  daughter;  Mrs.  Varden,  a  religious  zealot; 
Sim  Tappertit,  an  apprentice 45       354 

<Dombey  and  Son>  (1848);  Mrs.  Dombey,  and  her  baby  son  Paul, 
who  die;  Florence  Dombey;  Mr.  Dombey,  and  the  second  Mrs. 
Dombey;  Mr.  Carker,  a  crafty  villain ;  Captain  Cuttle,  Florence's 
protector;  Walter  Gay,  who  marries  Florence;  Mr.  Toots,  and 
Joe  Bagstock 44        228 

<David  Copperfield>  (1850);  David,  a  child  of  many  sad  experi- 
ences; his  nurse  Peggotty,  married  to  Barkis  the  carrier;  Betsy 
Trotwood,  David's  aunt;  Mrs.  Copperfield,  his  mother;  Steer- 
forth,  David's  schoolmate ;  Little  Em'ly ;  Tommy  Traddles,  and 
Uriah  Heep 44       229 

<Little  Dorrit>  (1856-57);  Amy,  the  «Little  Dorrit»;  Arthur  Clen- 
nam,  her  lover;  Mrs.  Clennam,  a  religious  fanatic;  Flintwinch, 
an  old  hypocrite;  Blandois,  the  author's  most  dastardly  villain. 44       230 

< Bleak  House >  (1853);  Lady  Dedlock,  a  beautiful  society  woman; 
Esther  Summerson,  her  child ;  Mr.  Jarndyce,  Esther's  guardian ; 
Mr.  Skimpole;  Mrs.  Jellyby;  Mr.  Guppy;  Mr.  Turveydrop;  Mr, 
Chadband ;  poor  Jo,  the  crossing-sweeper 44        169 

<Hard  Times  >  (1854),  a  satire  on  the  false  use  of  political  economy; 
Mr.  Thomas  Gradgrind;  Louisa,  his  eldest  daughter;  Tom 
Gradgrind,  her  brother;  Sissy,  daughter  of  a  circus  clown; 
Josiah  Bounderby,  a  self-made  man 44        266 

< Great  Expectations)  (1861),  a  novel,  like  < David  Copperfield >  more 
or  less  autobiographical ;  Pip,  the  central  personage  of  the  book ; 
Joe  Gargery,  the  village  blacksmith,  one  of  Dickens's  most  de- 
lightfully humorous  characters;  Estella,  Pip's  sweetheart  after 
a  long  wooing;  Mrs.  Joe,  Pip's  termagant  sister ;  Uncle  Pumble- 
chook 44        133 

<Our  Mutual  Friend>  (1864-65);  John  Rokesmith.  the  hero;  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Boffin;  Jenny  Wren,  the  doll's  dressmaker;  Lizzie  Hexam; 
Bradley  Headstone,  the  schoolmaster;  Bella  Wilfer,  who  mar- 
ries John  Harmon ;  Silas  Wegg,  an  impudent  scoundrel ;  Eugene 
Wrayburn,  a  society  idol .44       230 


dxxvi  OUTLINE    SURVEY    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

<A  Tale  of  Two  Cities,  >  London  and  Paris,  during  the  French  Revo- 
lution; Dr.  Manette,  prisoner  of  the  Bastille;  Lucie,  his  daugh- 
ter; Charles  Darnay,  who  marries  Lucie;  Mr.  Lorry,  a  London 
solicitor;    Sydney  Carton,  a  bohemian;   Defarge  and  his  wife.  .45        460 

Dingelstedt,  Franz:  <The  Amazon  >  (1868),  a  witty  story  of  society 
in  Berlin;  Roland,  a  noted  painter;  Armgard  Krafft,  daughter 
of  a  rich  banker;  Seraphine,  a  prima  donna,  who  poses  for  Ro- 
land as  an  Amazon 44       180 

Disraeli,  Benjamin:  Earl  of  Beaconsfield  :  <Endymion>  (1835);  En- 
dymion,  a  political  portrait  of  the  author;  a  widow  whom  he 
marries;    his    sister    who    marries    a    Prime    Minister;    Nigel, 

at  Oxford,  portraying  John  Henry  Newman 44  5 

'Coningsby*  (1844),  its  author's  most  successful  novel;  the  hero, 
Coningsby;  Lord  Monmouth,  his  uncle;  Sidonia,  the  author's 
ideal  Jew ;  Oswald  Millbank,  said  to  represent  W.  E.  Gladstone, 

Rigby,  portraying  the  critic  J.   W.   Croker   44        139 

*Lothair>  (1870),  a  story  of  England  about  1870;  Lothair,  a  young 
nobleman  of  great  wealth,  the  hero;  Lord  Culloden,  his  uncle, 
a  Scotch  Protestant  and  one  of  his  guardians;  Cardinal  Grandi- 
son,  a  Roman  Catholic,  his  other  guardian;  Bertram,  Lothair's 
college  friend;  Lady  Corisande,  Bertram's  sister,  with  whom  Lo- 
thair falls  in  love;  Lord  and  Lady  St.  Jerome,  and  Miss  Arun- 
del, Catholic  friends;  Theodora,  an  Italian  Protestant;  Lord  St. 
Aldegonde,  an  ideal   English  character 45        551 

Dosto6vsky,  Feodor  M. :  < Crime  and  Punishment*  (1866);  Raskolni- 
koflf,  murderer  of  a  repulsive  old  woman,  a  money  lender; 
Sonia,  a  girl  of  evil  life  whom  he  seeks  to  redeem 44        no 

Doyle,  A.  Conan :  *  The  Adventures  of  Sherlock  Holmes  > ;  Holmes,  a 

scientific  amateur  detective 44         13 

<The  Great  Shadow,*  a  story  of  Napoleon  and  of  Waterloo;  Jack 
Calder,  a  Scotch  youth;  Edie,  his  girl  cousin,  to  whom  he  be- 
comes engaged;  Jim  Horscroft,  Jack's  friend,  who  wins  away 
Edie;  De  Lapp,  a  Napoleon  soldier,  with  whom  Edie  elopes..  .44  260 
<Micah  Clarke,*  an  historical  novel  of  the  time  of  Monmouth's  Re- 
bellion ;  Micah  Clarke,  the  hero,  enlisted  under  Monmouth ;  Ruth 
Timewell,  a  Puritan  maid ;  Reuben  Lockarby,  a  tavern-keeper's 
son,  favored  by  Ruth;  Master  John  Derrick,  Ruth's  Puritan 
suitor 45        527 

Dumas,  Alexandre :  ^  The  Count  of  Monte  Cristo  * ;  Edward  Dantes, 
mate  of  a  merchant  ship;  Catalan  Mercedes,  his  sweetheart;  a 
rich  banker,  a  distinguished  magistrate,  and  a  famous  general.  4  5  479 
<The  Forty -five  Guardsmen,*  a  story  of  Paris  in  the  autumn  and 
winter  of  1585-86;  Henri  HI.,  the  king;  Anne,  the  queen; 
Catherine     de'   Medici,     queen-mother;    Crillon,    leader    of   the 

guard ;   Salcede,  a  convict  murderer 45       378 

<  The  Three  Musketeers  > ;  D' Artagnan,  a  Gascon  adventurer  in 
Paris;  Athos,  Porthos,  and  Aramis,  three  of  Louis  XIIL's  mus- 
keteers   45       461 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxxVU 

<Twenty  Years  After >;  Cardinal  Mazarin,  prime  minister;  Anne  of 
Austria,  mother  of   Louis  XIV  ;  D'Artagnan;    Porthos,    Athos, 

and  Aramis 45       46i 

<Vicomte  de  Bragelonne>;  the  Vicomte;  Louise  de  la  Valliere; 
Louis  XIV.,  the  king;  Maria  Theresa  whom  he  marries;  Fou- 
quet  and  Colbert,  rivals  for  the  king's  favor;  D'Artagnan  and 
his  three  friends 4  5       461 

Du  Maurier,  George:  <  Trilby  >;  Trilby,  a  handsome  artist's  model  in 
Paris;  Taffy,  the  Laird,  and  Little  Billee,  three  artists  who  are 
chums ;  Svengali,  an  Austrian  Jew  of  repulsive  character 45       485 

Ebers,  Georg:  <An  Egyptian  Princess  >  (1864);  Cambyses,  King  of 
Persia ;  Nitetis,  an  Egyptian  princess  his  ill-fated  bride ;  Bart ja, 
brother  of  Cambyses;  Sappho,  Bartja's  lady-love;  Croesus,  the 
Lydian  king  famous  for  his  wealth;  Darius,  who  succeeded 
Cambyses 44  20 

Eckstein,  Ernst:  <  Quintus  Claudius*  (1881),  a  story  of  the  close  of 
the  reign  of  Domitian.  about  A.  D.  95;  Quintus  Claudius,  son 
of  a  priest  of  Jupiter;    Cornelia,  betrothed   to  him;   Domitian, 

the  Roman  Emperor;   the  Empress  Domitia 45        539 

•<Prusias,>  a  story  of  Capua  in  Italy,  about  B.  C.  73;  Prusias,  secret 
agent  of  Mithridates;  Caius  of  Capua,  to  whom  he  is  tutor;  Lu- 
cius, prefect  of  Capua;  Sextus,  brother  of  Caius;  Quintilia,  their 
mother;  Naevia,  young  wife  of  Lucius;  Spartacus,  a  gladiator. 45        510 

Eliot,  George:  ^Adam  Bede>  (1859);  Adam,  a  village  carpenter;  Hes- 
ter Sorrel,  an  ambitious  little  beauty;  Mrs.  Poyser,  he.r  aunt  at 
the  Poyser  farm ;  Dinah  Morris,  a  young  woman  preacher ;  Mr. 

Irwine,  the  parson;  Bartle  Massey,  the  schoolmaster 45       485 

<The  Mill  on  the  Floss*  (i860);  Maggie  Tulliver,  the  miller's 
daughter;  her  brother  Tom;  Mrs.  Legg  and  Mrs.  Pullet,  her 
aunts;  Philip  Wakem,  crippled  son  of  a  lawyer,  in  love  with 
Maggie;  Lucy,  Maggie's  cousin;  Stephen  Guest,  Lucy's  be- 
trothed  45       440 

<  Silas   Marner*    (1861);    Silas,  a   hand-loom  weaver  whose  life   has 

been  wrecked  by  a  charge  of  theft;  a  girl  baby  who  becomes 
his  ward;  Dolly  Winthrop,  the  wheelwright's  wife;  Mr.  Macey, 

the  parish  clerk 45        549 

<Romola>  (1864),  an  historic  romance  of  Italy  in  the  time  of 
Savonarola;  Romola,  the  heroine,  daughter  of  an  aged  scholar; 
Tito,  a  Greek  who  marries  Romola,  in  addition  to  a  pretense 
of  marriage  with  a  peasant  girl 45       514 

<  Felix   Holt,  the  Radical*  (1866);   Felix,  the  hero,  a  young  work- 

man full  of  radical  ideas ;  Esther  Lyon,  his  sweetheart ;  Esther's 
father,  a  rusty  Puritan  preacher;  Harold  Transome,  a  fine  gen- 
tleman ;  Mrs.  Transome.  his  mother 44       137 

< Middlemarch >  (1872);  Dorothea  Brooke;  Celia,  her  sister;  Mr. 
Brooke,  their  uncle;  Rev.  Edward  Casaubon,  whom  Dorothea 
marries;  Will  Ladislaw,  a  young  cousin  of  Mr.  Casaubon,  who 
succeeds  him   in    Dorothea's  interest;   Caleb   Garth,  said  to  be 


dxxviii  OUTLINE  survey  of  the  principal 

drawn   from    the    author's    father;    Mary    Garth,    his    daughter; 
Rosamond   Vincy   and   her   lover,    Dr.    Lydgate;    Fred.   Vincy, 

Mary  Garth's  lover 45        519 

<  Daniel  Deronda>  (1876);  Daniel  Deronda,  the  hero,  of  fine  educa- 
tion and  great  talents;  Gwendolen  Harleth,  the  heroine,  poor 
and  proud;  Henleigh  Grandcourt,  whom  she  marries;  Mordecai, 
Mirah  Lapidoth,  and  other  Jewish  characters 44  g 

Farjeon,  B.  L.:  <Grif>  (1870),  a  study  of  Australian  life;  Grif,  a 
homeless  waif ;  Alice  Handheld,  who  rescues  and  educates  him ; 
Dick  Handheld,  her  husband,  miserably  poor;  Matthew  Nuttall, 
her  rich  father,  who  disowns  her  because  of  Dick 44       2S7 

Farrar,  Frederick  W. :  *■  Gathering  Clouds  > ;  John  Chrysostom,  a  great 
pulpit  orator  at  Antioch;  the  Emperors  Theodosius  and  Arca- 
dius;  Eutyche,  a  young  martyr 44       io6 

Fielding,  Henry:  < Joseph  Andrews*  (1742);  Joseph  Andrews,  brother 
of  Richardson's  Pamela ;  Fanny,  his  sweetheart ;  Parson  Adams, 

an  old-style  country  clergyman 44         41 

<Tom  Jones  >  (1749);  Tom,  a  young  man  of  wild  conduct;  Squire 
Western,  a  typical  English  country  gentleman;  Sophia  West- 
ern, his  daughter  and  Tom's  sweetheart 44         42 

^Amelia  *  (1751);  Amelia,  the  heroine,  a  portrait  of  Fielding's  wife; 
Mr.     Booth,     supposed  to    represent     Fielding     himself;     Miss 

Matthews,  the  doubtful  character  of  the  book 44       243 

<The  History  of  Jonathan  Wild  the  Great,*  a  story  of  vulgar  Eng- 
lish life  about  1742;  Jonathan  Wild,  a  dissolute  character;  Count 
La  Ruse,  a  French  gambler;  Bagshot,  a  scoundrel;  Heartfree 
and  Mrs.  Heartfree ;   Letitia  Snap,  to  whom  Wild  is  married  .45        544 

Flaubert,  Gustave :  <  Madame  Bovary*  (1856),  a  story  of  fatalistic 
pessimism;     Doctor     Bovary     in    a     provincial     French     town; 

Madame  Bovary,  the  doctor's  wife ;  her  successive  lovers 45       433 

<Salammb&*  (1864),  a  picture  of  ancient  Carthage;  Salammb6, 
beautiful  daughter  of  Hamilcar,  sister  of  Hannibal;  Matho,  a 
common  soldier  passionately  in  love  with  Salammbo;  the  high 
priest 44       315 

Foote,  Mary  Hallock:  <The  Led  Horse  Claim*  (1883),  a  romance  of 
Western  mining  life ;  Conrath,  manager  of  a  mining  camp ;  Cecil 
Conrath,  his  sister;  Hilgard,  manager- of  a  rival  camp 45        536 

Fothergill,  Jessie:  <  The  First  Violin*  (1877),  a  notable  musical 
novel ;  May  Wedderburn,  the  heroine,  an  English  g^rl ;  Eugen 
Courvoisier,  an  orchestra  « first  violin**  whom  she  meets  in 
Germany 44        137 

Frederic,  Harold:  <The  Damnation  of  Theron  Ware*  (1896);  Theron 
Ware,  an  eloquent  young  Methodist  preacher  in  New  York, 
whose  acquaintance  with  a  beautiful  woman  is  his  damnation. 44        148 

Freytag,  Gustav:  <The  Lost  Manuscript*;  Felix  Werner,  a  university 
professor;  Use,  daughter  of  the  owner  of  Bielstein  castle,  who 
becomes  his  wife ;  the  sovereign  who  brings  Use  into  an  equiv- 
ocal  position 45        551 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxxix 

Fuller,  Henry  B.:  <The  Cliff-Dwellers,>  a  story  of  Chicago,  George 
Ogden,    a    well-bred    Easterner;    Erastus    Brainerd,    self-made 

and  selfish ;  the  beautiful  Mrs.   Ingles 44       198 

<With  the  Procession, >  a  story  of  modern  Chicago  life;  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Marshall,  old-fashioned  people;  Jane  and  Rosamund  Mar- 
shall, energetic  and  ambitious  daughters;  Truesdell  Marshall, 
educated  abroad  and  aristocratic;  Mrs.  Granger  Bates,  a  society 
leader;  Mrs.  Belden,  a  glaringly  vulgar  person 45        552 

Gald6s,  Benito  Perez:  <Dona  Perfecta>  (Eng.  trans.  1880);  Dona  Per- 
fecta,  a  wealthy  widow,  a  perfect  type  of  the  spirit  of  old 
Spain;   Don  Jose,  her  nephew,  the  hero  of  the  story,  a  young 

radical 44       221 

<Leon  Roch,*  a  story  of  the  conflict  of  science  and  dogma;  Leon 
Roch,  a  young  scientist;  Maria,  his  wife,  expecting  to  convert 
him ;  her  confessor,  who  directs  her  conduct ;  her  brother  Luis,  a 
religious  fanatic 45        409 

Gaskell,  Mrs.  E.  C:  <Mary  Barton>  (1848);  John  Barton,  a  Man- 
chester weaver;  Mary,  his  beautiful  daughter;   Mr.  Carson,  the 

mill-owner's  son;  Jem  Nilson,  Mary's  lover 44         48 

<Cranford,>  a  delightfully  humorous  story;  the  Misses  Deborah  and 
Matty  Jenkyns;  their  brother  Peter;  Captain  Brown;  Mr.  Hol- 
brook,  Miss  Matty's  old  lover;  Mrs.  Jamieson  and  Lady  Glen- 
mire;  Dr.  Hoggins;  Miss  Betty  Barker  and  Miss  Pole 44        156 

Gautier,  Th6ophile:  <The  Romance  of  a  Mummy,)  a  story  of  the  life 
and  customs  of  ancient  Egypt,  about  the  time  of  Moses;  the 
Theban  High  Priest;  Tahoser,  his  daughter;  Poeri,  a  young 
Jew,    steward    of    Pharaoh,    with    whom    Tahoser    is    in    love; 

Ra'hel,  a  Jewess,  with  whom  Poeri  is  in  love 44       252 

< Captain  Fracasse>  (1863),  a  story  carefully  picturing  the  manners 
and  morals  of  the  age  of  Louis  XIIL  of  France;  Sicognac,  a 
young  French  baron  living  alone  in  poverty;  his  faithful  Pierre; 
Isabella,  a  pretty  actress  with  a  troop  of  players;  Martamoro, 
an  actor,  upon  whose  death  the  baron  takes  his  place  as  Cap- 
tain Fracasse ^4       251 

Gissing,  George:  <In  the  Year  of  Jubilee >  (1895),  a  tale  of  middle- 
class  Philistinism;  Nancy  Lord,  the  heroine;  Mary  Woodruffe, 
her  servant 45        540 

Goethe:  <Wilhelm  Meister's  Apprenticeship)  (1796);  Wilhelm,  the 
hero,  with  a  passion  for  the  theatre;  Marianne,  a  charming 
actress  who  returns  his  love;  Felix,  an  unacknowledged  son..  .45       404 

Gogol,  Nikolai  F.:  <Taras  Bulba>  (1839),  a  story  of  Cossack  life; 
Taras,  the  Cossack  leader;  Ostap  and  Andrii,  his  sons;  the 
Voivod's  beautiful  daughter;   her  maid,  Andrii's  sweetheart 45        497 

Goodwin,  Mrs.  Maud  Wilder:  < White  Aprons,>  a  romance  of  early 
Virginia  history;  Governor  Berkeley ;  Bacon,  leader  of  a  rebel- 
lion; Bryan  Fairfax,  a  young  soldier  with  Bacon;  Penelope 
Payne,  Fairfax's  sweetheart;  Samuel  Pepys,  Penelope's  uncle  in 

London ^5        529 

34 


dxxx  OUTLINE   SURVEY    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Grand,  Madame  Sarah:  <The  Heavenly  Twins >  (1893);  Evadne,  the 
heroine,  who  leaves  her  husband;  Dr.  Galbraith,  a  physician 
who  marries  her ;  the  Twins,  a  boy  and  a  girl 44        147 

Gras,  F61ix:  <The  Reds  of  the   Midi>   (1896);   Pascal   La   Patine,    a 

character  representing  the  author;  the  Marquis;     his  daughter. 44         17 

Gr6ville,  Henri:  <Sonia>  (1878),  a  powerful  story  of  home  life  in 
Russia;  Sonia,  a  poor  serf  girl  who  becomes  a  handsome  and 
capable  maid;  Boris   Grebof,  a   tutor;    Lydie,  a  pupil  of  Boris, 

to  whom  he  becomes  engaged 45       506 

<Dosia^  (1877),  a  story  of  Russian  life;  Leodocia,  a  madcap  heroine; 
Pierre,  with  whom  she  attempted  to  elope ;  the  Princess  Sophie, 
who  takes  her  in  hand;  Count  Platon,  brother  of  the  Princess.  ...  44        181 
<Dosia's   Daughter'   (1886).  a   picture   of   Russian  society  life;   the 

Count  and  Countess  Tourof ;  their  daughter  Agnes 44        181 

Haggard,  H.  Rider:  <  Allan  Quatermain,'  story  of  hunting  advent- 
ures in  Africa;  Allan  Quatermain,  an  old  hunter  and  traveler; 
Sir  Henry  Curtis,  his  soldier  companion ;  Captain  Good,  a  re- 
tired seaman ;  Umslopogaas,  a  trusty  and  gigantic  Zulu ;  Flossie 
Mackenzie,  a  missionary's  daughter  captured  by  the  blacks.  . .  44  323 
<  Cleopatra  > ;  Cleopatra,  Queen  of  Egypt ;  Harmachis,  priest  and 
magician;  various  nobles  who  plot  to  make  Harmachis  Queen 
in  her  stead 44        214 

Hal6vy,  Ludovic :  <The  Abbe  Constantin'  (1882),  an  immensely  suc- 
cessful novel;  the  Abbe,  village  cur^;  his  godson  Jean;  two 
ladies  received  at  the  vicarage 44       261 

Hardy,  Thomas:  ^Tess  of  the  D'Urbervilles>;  Tess,  a  beautiful  girl, 
the  victim  of  betrayal;   Angel   Clare,  a   gentleman's   son,   who 

marries  and  deserts   her.    ...    45        516 

<Far  from  the  Madding  Crowd  >;  Bathsheba  Everdene,  a  clever 
and  ambitious   country  girl;    Farmer   Oak,  her   lover;  Sergeant 

Troy,  her  worthless  suitor 44         52 

*Jude  the  Obscure >  (1896),  a  painful  story  of  vulgar  tragedy;  Jude, 
ambitious  to  go  to  Oxford ;  Arabella,  in  love  with  him,  but  a 
drag  upon  him;    Sue,   a    refined  woman,  whom  he  loves,    but 

who  does  not  help  him 44       234 

<The  Return  of  the  Native  >  (1878);  Clym  Yeobright,  returned  from 
Paris  to  undertake  a  mission;  Eustacia  Vye,  a  divinity  whom 
he  marries 45       425 

Harte,  Bret:  <  Gabriel  Conroy>  (1876),  a  mining  camp  California 
story;  Captain  Conroy;  Grace  Conroy,  the  heroine;  her  brother 
Gabriel  and  sister  Oily;  Philip  Ashley,  in  love  with  Grace;  Dr. 
Devarges,  a  famous  scientist;  Peter  Dumphy 44       259 

Hawthorne,  Nathaniel:  <The  Blithedale  Romance >  (1852);  Zenobia, 
its  central  figure,  perhaps  portraying  Margaret  Fuller;  Hollings- 

worth,  a  transcendental  philanthropist  44         12 

*  The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables  > ;  Hephzibah  Pyncheon ,  a  de- 
cayed gentlewoman;  Clifford,  her  brother;  Judge  Pyncheon, 
their  cousin;  another  cousin,  Phcebe,  a  bright  country  girl 44        139 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxxxi 

<The  Marble  Faun>  (i860);  Kenyon,  an  American  sculptor;  Hilda 
and  Miriam,  studying  art  in  Rome;  Donatello,  with  an  acci- 
dental resemblance  to  the  Faun  of  Praxiteles 44       289 

<The  Scarlet  Letter >  (1850);  Hester  Prynne,  the  heroine;  Arthur 
Dimmesdale,  a  young  minister,  her  lover;  Pearl,  their  child; 
Roger  Chillingworth,  Hester's  aged  husband    detained  for  two 

years  in  Holland 45       404 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell:  <The  Guardian  Angel,>  a  story  illustrating 
heredity;  Myrtle  Hazard,  a  beautiful  orphan  girl;  Clement 
Lindsay,  a  young  sculptor;  Professor  Gridley,  who  undertakes 
the  care  of  her;  Murray  Bradshaw,  a  lawyer,  who  plots  to 
win  her  for  her  estate  of  which  he  knows  44       156 

*  Elsie  Venner>  (1859),  ^  richly  humorous  New  England  story, 
with  a  problem  of  heredity  in  it;  Elsie,  the  heroine;  her  father, 
a  widower 44       276 

<  Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast  Table,  >  a  Boston  boarding-house  story 
of  unique  interest;  the  Autocrat;  the  Schoolmistress;  the  old 
gentleman;  the  Young  Man  John;  the  landlady  and  her  daughter; 

the  Poor  Relation ;  and  the  Divinity  Student 44       277 

Howard,  Blanche  Willis:  <Guenn>  (1883);  Guenn,  a  fisher  girl  of 
Plouvenec  on  the  Breton  coast;  Hamor,  a  young  American  artist 
to  whom  she  poses;   Nannie,   her  deformed   brother;  Thymert, 

an  ideal  parish  priest. ...  44       142 

Howells,  William  Dean:  <A  Chance  Acquaintance*  (1873);  Kitty 
Ellison,  a  pretty  Western  girl ;  Mrs.  Ellison,  a  commonplace  but 
kind-hearted  woman;  Mr.  Miles  Arbuton,  a  Boston  aristocrat .. 4 4  2 

< Landlord  of  Lion's  Head*  (1897);  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Durgin,  New  Eng- 
land farm  people;  Jeff  Durgin,  their  son  at  Harvard ;  Westover, 
an  artist  visitor ;  Whitwell.  a  rural  philosopher ;  Cynthia,  his  daugh- 
ter, an  ideal  country  girl ;  Bessie  Lynde,  a  Boston  society  g^rl ...  4  4       234 

<The  Undiscovered  Country,*  a  study  of  spiritualism ;  Doctor  Boynton, 
a  country  doctor,  and  enthusiastic  spiritualist ;  Egeria,  his  daugh- 
ter, brought  up  as  a  medium ;  members  of  the  Shaker  commu- 
nity in  which  they  take  refuge 44       291 

<A  Foregone  Conclusion*  (1875);  Florida  Vervain,  a  young  girl 
sojourning  in  Venice;  Mrs.  Vervain,  her  mother;  Mr.  Ferris, 
her  lover ;  Don  Ippolito,  a  priest 44       320 

<A  Modern  Instance*  (1881) ;  Bartley  Hubbard,  an  unprincipled  young 
man,  a  journalist;  Marcia  Gaylord,  whom  he  marries;  Judge 
Gaylord,  her  father;  Ben  Halleck,  in  love  with  Marcia  after 
Bartley's  death 45       430 

<A  Hazard  of  New  Fortunes*;  Dryfoos,  a  Pennsylvania  German  in 
New  York ;  Basil  March,  editor  for  Dryfoos ;  two  vulgar  daugh- 
ters of  Dryfoos:  Conrad,  his  son,  a  nobler  type;  Lindau,  an 
old  German  socialist 45       439 

<The  Lady  of  the  Aroostook*  (1879);  Lydia  Blood,  the  heroine,  on 
a  visit  to  Venice;  Mr.  Dunham  and  Mr.  Staniford,  her  fellow 
passengers  on  the  voyage 45       496 


dxxxii  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF    THE    PRINCIPAL 

< April  Hopes >  (1887),  a  very  realistic  Puritan  story;  Alice,  the  hero- 
ine, a  Puritan  girl;  Dan  Mavering,  a  Harvard  graduate,  her  lover. 44       250 

Hughes,  Thomas:  <Tom  Brown's  Schooldays >  (1857);  Tom  Brown,  a 
middle-class  English  schoolboy;  Arthur,  a  lad  of  gentle  and 
high  character,  afterwards  known  as  Dean  Stanley 44         51 

Hugo,  Victor:  <  Ninety-three  >  (1874);  the  Marquis  de  Lantenac,  a 
Breton  nobleman;  Gauvain,  the  marquis's  nephew;  Cimourdain, 
an  ex-priest,  and  a  republican;  Marat,  Danton,  and  Robes- 
pierre, historical  characters  in  1793 44         89 

<Notre-Dame  de  Parish;  a  study  of  France  in  the  fifteenth  century, 
and  of  Louis  XL  and  his  barber  Olivier-le-Daim ;  Quasimodo, 
the  deaf  and  deformed  bell-ringer;  Esmeralda,  the  heroine,  a 
beautiful  singer  and  dancer;   Claude  FroUo,  archdeacon  of  the 

cathedral 44        163 

<Les  Miserables>  (1862);  a  comprehensive  picture  of  Paris  in  the 
nineteenth  century;   Jean  Valjean,   a   hard-working  peasant,   a 

convict  for  stealing  bread;  the  good  Bishop  of  D ;  Fantine, 

a  grisette,  abandoned  to  die;  little  Cosette,  her  child 45       450 

Ibsen,  Henrik:  < Ghosts >  (1881);  a  terribly  searching  study  of  social 
conditions;  Oswald  Alving,  who  inherits  evil  tendencies  from  a 
dead  father;  Mrs.  Alving,  his  mother,  a  tj^ical  new  woman; 
Pastor  Manders,  representing  conventional  morality 44       313 

James,  Henry:  <  Daisy  Miller  >  (1878);  Daisy  Miller,  an  admirably 
pretty  young  country  girl  of  unconventional  but  charming  type 
of   rectitude   and    innocence;   she  travels  in    Europe    with   her 

mother,  Mrs.  Miller,  and  her  small  brother,  Randolph 44  4 

<The  Princess  Casamassima>  (1886);  the  Princess,  and  Lady 
Aurora,  women  of  rank  and    wealth;    Hyacinth   Robinson,    the 

son  of  a  lord  left  in  care  of  a  poor  dressmaker 45       435 

<The  Portrait  of  a  Lady>  (1882);  Isabel  Archer,  the  heroine.,  a  high- 
bred American  girl;  Lord  Warburton,  and  Caspar  Goodwood, 
who  wish  to  marry  her;  Henrietta  Stackpole,  a  newspaper 
correspondent;  Madame  Merle,  an  adventuress;  Gilbert  Osmond, 

an  art  amateur ;  Pansy,  his  daughter 45        440 

<The  Bostonians,)  a  present-day  story  (1886);  Olive  Chancellor,  a 
strong-minded   Boston   woman;  Verena  Tarrant,  daughter   of  a 

mesmeric  healer;   Miss  Birdseye,  a  philanthropist 44       205 

*The  Europeans^;  Felix  Young  and  his  sister,  the  Baroness  Miins- 
ter,  foreign  visitors  to  a  suburb  of  Boston ;  Gertrude,  their 
American  cousin,  and  her  sister  Charlotte;  Mr.  Brand,  a  clergy- 
man     44        140 

Jewett,  Sarah  Orne:  <Deephaven>  (1877);  a  fine  picture  of  a  pictur- 
esque New  England  seaport  town;  Kate  Lancaster  and  Helen 
Denis,  bright  girls  from  the  city;  Mrs.  Kew,  of  the  lighthouse; 
Mrs.  Dockum,  and  the  Widow  Jim;  Mr.  Lorimer,  the  minister; 
Miss  Chauncey,  an  old  lady  who  has  lost  her  mind 44        145 

J6kai,  Maurice  :  <  The  Green  Book  > ;  Pushkin,  the  famous  Russian 
poet;   Zeneida,  a  favorite  opera  singer  and  the  great  character 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxxxiii 

of   the   book;    the    Tsar    Nicholas;  Princess    Ghedimin;   Sophie 
Narishkin,  her  daughter;  and  Bethsaba,  a  beautiful  young  girl.  44        108 
<  Black  Diamonds'  (1870),  a  famous  story  of   industrial  and  aristo- 
cratic life  in   Hungary;   Ivan   Behrends,  the  hero,  owner  of  a 
coal  mine;  Edila,  a  colliery  girl  beloved  by  Ivan,  who  marries 

a  rich  banker,  but  eventually  returns  to  Ivan 44        168 

<Eyes  Like  the  Sea>  (1890),  a  striking  picture  of  Hungarian  social 
life;  Bessy  the  heroine,  a  strange  character  five  times  married; 
J6kai  himself  the  second  character  of  the  book 44       224 

Keary,  Annie:  < Castle  Daly'  (1875),  the  most  popular  of  the  author's 
stories;  a  tale  of  Ireland  in  the  famine  of  1846;  Squire  Daly; 
Ellen,  his  daughter;  Connor,  her  brother;  Cousin  Anne;  Pel- 
ham,  the  Squire's  son ;  Thornely,  an  English  character 44        236 

Kingsley,  Charles:  ^  Hypatia '  (1838);  Hypatia,  a  beautiful  woman 
devoted  to  Greek  culture  at  Alexandria;  Philammon,  a  young 
Christian  monk ;  Cyril,  an  arch-fanatic 44        103 

Kingsley,  Henry:  <Leighton  Court  >  (1866),  a  story  of  English  social 
life,  in  the  time  of  the  mutiny  in  India;  Sir  Charles  Seckerton; 
Laura,  his  daughter;  Robert  Poynitz,  keeper  of  Sir  Charles's 
hounds;  Sir  Harry  Poynitz,  his  brother;  Lord  Hatterleigh, 
Laura's  accepted  lover. 45        529 

Kipling,  Rudyard:  < Captains  Courageous'  (1897);  Harvey  Cheyne,  the 
spoiled  son  of  an  American  millionaire ;  Disko  Troop,  a  Gloucester 
skipper  who  gives  the  boy  a  season  of  work  on  a  fishing  schooner.  4  4  144 
<The  Light  that  Failed'  (1890);  Maisie,  a  pretty  but  shallow  girl; 
Dick  Heldar,  a  young  artist  in  love  with  Maisie;  Torpenhow, 
a  war  correspondent,  and  Dick's  friend 44        263 

Kraszewski,  Joseph  Ignatius:  <The  Jew,'  a  powerful  Polish  story  of 
chiefly  ethical  and  ethnical  interest;  Jean  Huba,  a  Polish  exile, 
known  as  Ivas;  Signor  Firpo,  landlord  of  a  tavern;  Jacob  Har- 
mon, an  educated  Jew,  who  seeks  to  convert  Ivas 44       248 

Lawless,  Emily:  <Grania:  The  Story  of  an  Island'  (1892),  a  re- 
markable picture  of  Irish  characteristics;  Grania,  the  heroine; 
her   invalid   sister,    Honor;  Murdough   Blake,    her  lover;   Shan 

Daly,  a  vagabond ;  Peggy  O'Dowd,  a  gossip 44        134 

<Hurrish'  (1886),  a  capital  novel  of  life  on  the  west  coast  of  Ire- 
land; Hurrish  O'Brien;  Ally,  a  pretty  lass;  Maurice,  a  ward  of 
Hurrish ;  Mat,  Maurice's  brother   44        257 

Lermontof,  Mikhail :   <A  Hero  of  Our  Times,'  a  story  of  the  vices  of 

the  modern  Russian  of  rank;  Petchorin,  a  Russian  Don  Juan.  .44        226 

Lie,  Jonas:  <The  Commodore's  Daughters'  (1889),  a  story  of  family 
hfe  in  Norway;  the  Commodore;  his  ill-tempered  wife;  their 
son  Karsten,  a  naval  officer  duped  by  a  marriage  for  money; 
Cicely  and  Martha,  their  daughters 44        109 

Loti,   Pierre:  <The  Marriage  of  Loti '  (1880);  Rarahu,  the  Tahitian 

heroine;  Turiri,  her  cat;  Loti,  who  deserts  a  princess  for  her.  .44         18 
(Madame  Chrysantheme '  (1887);  the  Madame,  an  olive-hued  Japan- 
ese wife ;  Loti,  the  sailor  who  marries  her  for  a  term  of  months.  .44         93 


dxxxiv  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

Maartens,  Maarten:  <Tlie  Sin  of  Joost  Avelingh>;  Joost,  an  orphan; 
an  old  uncle  with  whom  he  lives  to  manhood;  Agatha,  whom 
Joost  marries;  Arthur,  next  heir  to  Joost  to  the  uncle's  money; 
a  servant  suborned  by  Arthur  to  accuse  Joost  of  the  murder  of 
his  uncle 45       470 

Macdonald,  George:  < Robert  Falconer  >  (1875),  a  story  of  revolt  against 
rigid  Scotch  theology;  Robert  Falconer,  child  of  a  worthless 
father,  deceased;  his  grandmother  rigidly  theological;  Mary  St. 
John,  the  heroine  of  the  story;  Eric  Ericson,  a  radical  thinker. 4 4       317 

Maclaren,  Ian  :  <  Beside  the  Bonnie  Briar  Bush  > ;  Domsie,  the  school- 
master of  Drumtochty;  Dr.  Davidson,  the  minister;  Marget 
Howe,  the  sympathetic  mother ;  Dr.  Maclure 44       283 

Manzoni,  Alessandro:  <The  Betrothed  >  (1825-26);  one  of  the  great 
romances  of  modern  European  literature;  Renzo,  a  humble 
peasant;  Lucia,  a  village  maiden,  his  betrothed;  Don  Rodrigo, 
a  robber-baron ;  Abbondio,  a  craven  village  curate ;  Cristoforo, 
an  heroic  priest ;  Cardinal  Borromeo 44        173 

Marryat,  Captain:  <Masterman  Ready;  or  the  Wreck  of  the  Pacific >; 
Mr.  Seagrave  and  family  shipwrecked  on  a  voyage  to  Austra- 
lia; Juno,  a  black  servant;  Masterman  Ready,  an  old  sailor; 
Tommy,  the  scapegrace  of  the  family 45        427 

Mendoza,  Diego  Hurtado  de:  <Lazarillo  de  Tormes  >  (1553),  a  famous 
Spanish  « picaresque  >^  novel,  or  vagabond  thieves'  story ;  Laz- 
arillo,  a  young  rogiie;  a  beggar,  a  priest,  a  country  squire,  and 
other  characters,  with  whom  the  hero  operates '■  ■  45       450 

Meredith,  George:  <The  Egoist >  (1879),  a  picture  of  fair  women;  Sir 
Willoughby  Patterne,   egoist  suitor;   Constantia  Durham,  Clara 

Middleton,  and   Laetitia  Dale,  ideal  women 44        140 

< Diana  of  the  Crossways>  (1885);  Diana,  the  heroine,  an  Irish- 
woman of  good  family;  Mr.  Warwick,  whom  she  unfortunately 

marries  while  yet  a  girl 44         53 

<  Beauchamp's  Career,  >  a  story  representing  Meredith's  most  striking 
qualities;  Nevil  Beauchamp,  the  hero;  Renee  de  Croisnel,  in 
love  with  Nevil,  but  betrothed  by  her  father  to  a  Marquis;  Dr. 
Shrapnel,  a  radical  politician,  and  Jenny  his  daughter;  Rosa- 
mund, a  housekeeper 44       258 

Merim^e,  Prosper:  < Carmen >;  Carmen,  a  fascinating  gipsey;  Garcia, 

her  husband ;  Don  Jose,  her  lover 44        100 

Morgan,  Lady:  <The  Wild  Irish  Girl,>  a  famous  romance  of  Irish 
life;  the  Prince  of  Inismore;  Lady  Glorvina,  his  daughter;  a 
young  English  nobleman,  her  lover 45       438 

Newman,  John  Henry:  <Callista:  A  Sketch  of  the  Third  Century  >; 
CalHsta,  a  beautiful  Greek  girl;  Agellius,  a  Christian,  in  love 
with  Callista;  Jucundus,  a  pagan,  uncle  to  Agellius;  Cyprian, 
bishop  of  Carthage 45       365 

Norris,  W.  E.:  ^ Heaps  of  Money >  (1877),  Linda  Howard,  the  her- 
oine ;  her  father,  a  gambler ;  her  uncle,  from  whom  she  inherits 
a  fortune 44       152 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxxxv 

<  Clarissa  Furiosa,^  a  satire  on  the  «New  Woman »;  Clarissa,  a  rich 
orphan ;  Guy  Luttrell,  a  soldier  whom  she  marries  and  separates 
from 4  4       214 

Oliphant,  Mrs.  Margaret:  <The  Chronicles  of  Carlingford,>  a  group 
of  six  novels  of  notable  English  ^  interest, — <  Salem  Chapel,  > 
<The  Rector, >  <  The  Doctor's  Family, >  <  The  Perpetual  Curate, > 
<Miss  Marjoribanks,^  and  <  Phoebe  Junior  >;  Arthur  Vincent, 
preacher;  Lady  Western;  Mildmay,  her  brother;  Mr.  Tozer, 
rich  butter  merchant;  his  daughter  Phoebe;  Dr.  Marjoribanks ; 
Dr.   Rider;  Mr.  Wentworth,  the  curate;  the  Wodehouse  family  .44        257 

Ouida  (Louise  de  la  Ramee):  <  The  Massarenes,^  her  latest  novel,  a 
powerful  satire  upon  the  English  aristocracy;  William  Massa- 
rene,  a  low-born  rich  American  who  buys  his  way  into  the 
highest  English  society;  ,  an  English  nobleman  portray- 
ing a  genuine  aristocrat 27    10887 

< Moths, >  portraying  the  corruption  of  modern  society;  Lady  Dolly, 
an  ignoble  woman  of  fashion;  Vera,  her  daughter  by  iirst  mar- 
riage  45       431 

Pardo-Bazdn,  Emilia :  <A  Christian  Woman  > ;  a  story  of  modern 
Spanish  life;  Salustio  Unceta,  a  liberal  in  politics  and  religion; 
his  uncle  Felipe;  Carmen  Aldoa,  whom  Felipe  marries 44       222 

Parker,  Gilbert:  <The  Seats  of  the  Mighty >  (1896),  a  romance  of 
Quebec  in  the  French-English  War;  Robert  Moray,  an  English 
hostage  in  Quebec;  Doltaire,  in  command  at  Quebec;  Alixe 
Duvarney,  with  whom  he  is  in  love;  Gabord,  the  jailer;  Vau- 
ban,  the  barber ;  Mathilde,  Vauban's  sweetheart 44       292 

Pater,  Walter:  ^Marius,  the  Epicurean  >  (1885),  a  story  of  Rome  in 
the  second  century,  the  time  of  Marcus  Aurelius;  Marius,  a 
young  Roman  noble;  Cornelius,  one  of  the  imperial  guard,  but. 
a  Christian 45       433 

Payn,  James:  <Lost  Sir  Massingberd>  (1864),  a  tale  of  modern  Eng- 
lish country  life;  Sir  Massingberd  Heath,  a  godless  character; 
his  nephew  Marmaduke,  whom  he  tries  to  murder;  Harvey 
Gerald,  Marmaduke's  friend;  Gerald's  daughter.  Lucy,  with 
whom  Marmaduke  falls  in  love 45        536 

Pushkin,  Alexander:  <The  Captain's  Daughter >  (1832),  a  story  of 
Pugachef's  rebellion  under  Catherine  IL  ;  Piotr,  son  of  a  rich 
noble,  serving  in  the  army  at  a  fortress;  Savelich,  an  old  fam- 
ily servant  with  him;  Mironof,  the  commandant;  Maria,  his 
daughter,  to  whom  Piotr  becomes  a  welcome  lover;  Schvabrin, 
her  rejected  lover;  Pugachef,  a  Cossack  leader  of  insurgents.  .  .44       248 

Reade,  Charles:  <Peg  Woffington>  (1852);  Margaret  Woffington  an 
Irish  actress;  Ernest  Vane,  a  wealthy  country  gentleman,  and 
Sir  Charles   Pomander,    her   admirers;    James   Triplet,   a  poor 

author  and  scene  painter ;  Mabel  Vane 44         50 

<Hard  Cash>  (1863),  an  exposure  of  the  abuses  of  private  insane 
asylums;  Richard  Hardie,  a  bankrupt  banker;  David  Dodd,  a 
sea-captain,  whom  he  defrauds;  Julia,  Dodd's  daughter;  Alfred 


dxxxvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Hardie,  in  love  with  Julia;  Doctor   Sampson,    a   sturdy   Scotch 
physician 44       267 

<  Cloister  and  the  Hearth  >;  Gerard,  a  Dutch  youth  of   the  fifteenth 

century;    Margaret    Brandt,    to    marry   whom   he    gives    up    a 

church  career _ 44        106 

< Put  Yourself  in  His  Place*  (1870);  Henry  Little,  workman  and 
inventor  in  an  English  manufacturing  centre;  his  uncle.  Squire 
Raby,  gentleman  of  the  old  school;  Old  Smitem,  president  of 
the  Saw-Grinders'  Union;  Doctor  Amboyne,  philanthropist  .... 4 4  135 
< Griffith  Gaunt,*  one  of  Reade's  best  novels;  Griffith  Gaunt;  Cath- 
arine, an  heiress,  whom  he  marries;  Father  Leonard,  a  young 
priest,  who  estranges  Catharine  from  Griffith;  Mercy  Vint,  to 
whom  Griffith  under  a  false  name  becomes  nominally  married; 
Father  Francis  who  reconciles  Catharine  and  Griffith;  Thomas 
Leicester,  Caroline  Ryder,  and  Sir  George  Neville,  who  figure 
in  the  denouement 44       260 

Reuter,  Fritz:  <01d  Story  of  My  Farming*  (i860),  one  of  the  great- 
est of  modern  humorist  productions;  Uncle  Zacharias  Brasig, 
the  inspector;  Hawermann,  his  little  maid;  Triddelfitz 44       158 

Richardson,  Samuel:  < Pamela*  (1740);  Pamela  Andrews,  an  English 

serving-maid;  Mr.  B ,  son  and  heir  of  the  family,  her  lover. 4 4         41 

< Clarissa  Harlowe*  (1751);  Clarissa,  the  heroine;  Lovelace,  a  profli- 
gate gentleman  who  brings  her  to  grief 44         42 

Rives,  Amdlie:  <The  Quick  or  the  Dead*  (1883);  Barbara  Pomfret,  a 
young  widow  whose  husband  is  dead  two  years ;  John  Deering, 
her  husband' s  cousin  with  whom  she  falls  in  love 44  8 

Rydberg,  Viktor:  <The  Last  Athenian*  (1880),  a  story  of  Athens  in 
the  fourth  century;  Chrysanteus.  a  philosopher;  Hermione  his 
daughter;   a  young  Athenian  aristocrat,  Hermione's  lover 45       452 

Sacher-Masoch,  Leopold:  < Seraph*;  Seraph  Temkin  and  his  mother; 

Eroilian;  Magdalina,  adopted  daughter  of  Emilian 45       468 

Sand,  George:  < Indiana*  (1832),  a  story  in  part  of  the  author's  early 
married  life;  Delmare,  a  retired  French  officer;  Indiana,  his 
youthful  Creole  wife;   Raymond,  her  reckless  lover;  Sir  Ralph, 

an  English  cousin  who  secretly  loves  her 45       407 

<Consuelo*  {1842);  Consuelo,  a  noble  girl  endowed  with  a  wonderful 
voice;  the  Baroness  Amelia,  at  whose  castle  in  Bohemia  she 
lives;  Count  Albert,  over  whom  she  exercises  a  remarkable  in- 
fluence   44       184 

<The  Haunted  Pool*  (1846);  Germain,  its  cent-al  figure,  a  handsome 
widower ;  Catherine  Gu6rin,  a  farmer's  daughter ;  Pierre,  his  son, 
and  Mary,  a  young  girl 44        185 

<  Little  Fadette  *  (1848);  Pere  and   Mere   Barbeau;  their  twin  boys 

Landry  and  Sylvain ;  Fadette,  with  whom  both  the  boys  fall  in  love.  44       185 
Saunders,  John:  ^Israel  Mort,  Overman*  (1876),  an  appeal  to  public 
interest  on  behalf  of  workers  in  the  English  coal  mines;  Israel 
Mort,  fiercely  determined   not  to  be  crushed  by  his  life  as  a 
miner;  David,  his  timid,  imaginative  son;  his  gentle  wife 44       136 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  dxxxvii 

Scheffel,  Joseph  Victor  von  :  <  Ekkehard  >  a  story  of  the  tenth  cent- 
ury; Ekkehard,  the  hero,  a  young  Benedictine  monk  in  Suabia; 
Cralo,  an  old  man,  the  abbot;    Hadwig,  Countess  of  Suabia,  a 

widow  with  whom  the  poet  monk  falls  in  love 44       226 

Scott,  Sir  Walter:  <Waverley>  (1814),  a  tale  of  the  rebellion  of  1745 
in  Scotland ;  Edward  Waverley,  an  English  captain ;  Baron  Brad- 
wardine,  a  strong  Jacobite;  Rose,  his  beautiful  daughter;  Fer- 
gus Mac  Ivor,  a  Highland  chief;  Donald  Bean,  a  cattle  robber; 
Flora,  sister  of  Fergus;  Colonel  Talbot,  friend  to  Waverley  .  .  .45       434 

<Guy  Mannering>  (1815);  Guy  Mannering,  a  young  Englishman; 
Godfrey  Bertram,  Laird  of  EUangowan;  Lucy,  his  daughter; 
Dominie  Sampson,  Lucy's  Guardian;  Meg  Merrilies,  a  gaunt 
gipsy 44         45 

<The  Heart  of  Midlothian)  (1818),  by  many  called  the  finest  of  the 
Waverley  novels ;  Effie  Deans,  the  heroine,  accused  of  the  death 
of  her  child;  George  Staunton,  her  lover;  Jeanie  Deans,  her  sis- 
ter, who  procures  a  pardon  by  walking  to  London  to  see  the 
king;  black  Donald,  chief  of  a  troop  of  brigands 44       152 

<Ivanhoe>  (1819) ;  Ivanhoe,  a  young  Saxon  knight;  Rowena,  his 
lady-love  ;  Rebecca,  a  Jewess,  Scott's  favorite  of  all  his  charac- 
ters; Richard  the  Lion-Hearted ;  Gurth,  a  typical  feudal  re- 
tainer; Ulrica,  a  vindictive  old  Saxon  hag;  Isaac  of  York,  a 
wealthy  Jew 44         19 

<Kenilworth'  (1819);  Queen  Elizabeth;  Burleigh;  Edmund  Spenser; 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh;  the  Earls  of  Surrey  and  Leicester;  Amy 
Robsart,  secretly  married  to  Leicester;  Richard  Varney,  an 
unscrupulous  follower  of  Leicester;  Tressilian,  formerly  a  lover 
of  Amy 44       209 

'Quentin  Durward>  (1823);  Quentin  Durward,  a  brave  young  Scot; 
Isabelle  the  heroine;  Louis  XL,  king  of  France;  Charles,  Duke 
of  Burgundy ;  William  de  la  Marck,  a  notorious  brigand 44       105 

<  Redgauntlet  >  (1824);  Red  Gauntlet,  guardian  to  the  infant  son 
and  daughter  of  his  brother;  Alan  Fairford,  a  young  Scotch 
solicitor,  friend  to  the  son,  and  said  to  be  a  portrait  of  Scott 
himself;  the  sister  who  marries   Alan 44       209 

<The  Abbot, >  a  story  of  the  time  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots;  Edward 
and  Halbert  Glendinning;  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  imprisoned  at 
Lochleven  Castle ;  Adam  Woodcock  the  falconer ;  Lindsay  and 
Ruthven,  commissioners  to  secure  Mary's  abdication 44       272 

<The  Bride  of  Lammermoor>;  Edgar,  the  penniless  and  proud  hero 
of  the  book ;  Sir  William  Ashton,  to  whom  Edgar's  estates  have 
been  lost;  Lucy,  his  daughter,  with  whom  Edgar  is  in  love; 
Caleb  Balderstone,  the  devoted  and  amusing  old   steward 44       168 

<The  Antiquary);  Mr.  Jonathan  Oldbuck,  the  antiquary;  Sir  Ar- 
thur Wardour,  his  friend;  Sir  Arthur's  beautiful  daughter  Isa- 
bella ;  Dousterswivel,  an  adept  in  the  black  arts ;  William  Lovel, 
the  hero  of  the  tale,  in  love  with  Isabella;  Captain  Hector 
M'Intyre,  also  in  love  with  Isabella;  daft   Edie   Ochiltree 44       273 


dxxxviii  outline  survey  of  the  principal 

<  Anne  of  Geierstein,>  a  vivid  picture  of  life  in  the  Middle  Ages;  the 

Earl  of  Oxford,  disguised  as  Philipson;  Arthur,  his  son;  Anne, 
countess  of  Geierstein;  Arnold  Biedermann,  her  uncle;  Charles 
the  Bold;  Count  de  Hagenbach,  his  steward;  Margaret  of  Anjou; 
Henry  of  Richmond 44        273 

<The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  >  (1831);  David,  the  scapegrace  son  of  King 
Robert  III.  of  Scotland;  Catharine,  the  heroine;  the  Black 
Douglas 44       105 

<Count  Robert  of  Paris*  (1831);  the  hero.  Count  Robert;  Brenhilda, 
his  wife ;  Hereward  the  Saxon ;  Alexander  Comnenus,  the  Em- 
peror (1080-1118);  Briennius,  his  son-in-law;  Agelastes,  a  false 
philosopher 44        138 

<  Woodstock  >    (1826),    an    English    historical    novel  of    the  time   of 

Cromwell;  King  Charles  II.  disguised  as  a  Scotch  page;  Sir 
Henry  Lee,  his  son  Albert,  and  his  daughter  Alice;  Colonel 
Everard,  a  favorite  of  Cromwell;  Roger  Wildrake,  a  dissipated 
Cavalier ;  Joceline  Joliffe,  and  his  sweetheart  Phoebe  Mayflower ; 
Joseph  Tomkins,  a  Cromwellite  soldier  and  spy 45        545 

Sheppard,  Elizabeth  Sara:  <  Charles  Auchester>  (1853),  a  musical 
novel  of  unique  interest;  Charles  Auchester  who  seeks  a  musi- 
cal education  in  Germany;  Seraphael  portraying  Mendelssohn; 
Clara  Bennette  supposed  to  represent  Jenny  Lind 44        135 

Shorthouse,  J.  H.;  <John  Inglesant>  (r88i);  John  Inglesant,  the  hero, 
an  ideal  gentleman  of  Charles  I.'s  time;  St.  Clare,  a  Jesuit 
father 44       208 

Sienkiewicz,  Henryk:  <  Children  of  the  SoiP  (1894);  a  story  of  mod- 
ern Polish  life;  Polanyetski,  a  man  of  wealth  and  education; 
Maryina,  with  whom  he  falls  in  love;  Plaritski,  her  father,  who 
makes  trouble;  Litka,  a  little  invalid  girl  through  whom  a  rec- 
onciliation comes  about 44       146 

*  Quo  Vadis  > ;  a  story  of  Rome  in  the  times  of  Nero ;  Nero,  the  em- 
peror;   Petronius,  a  Roman   noble;    Eunice  and  Lygia,  Roman 

ladies .• 45       406 

<With  Fire  and  Sword,>  <  The  Deluge,^  and  <Pan  Michael,*  a  mag- 
nificent trilogy  of  Polish  historical  novels;  characters  of  blood 
and  iron 45        457 

Spielhagen,  Friedrich:  <  Problematic  Characters*  (i860);  Oswald 
Stein,  the  hero,  private  tutor  in  a  noble  family;  Melitta,  the 
heroine  of  his  most  remarkable  experience;   Bruno,  a  ward  of 

Oswald 44       316 

< Hammer  and  Anvil*  (1869);  a  study  of  German  social  conditions; 
George  Hartwig,  the  hero;  Von  Zehren,  a  smuggler  of  noble 
origin;  Constance,  his  beautiful  and  heartless  daughter;  and 
Von  Zehren,  prison  director,  and  an  ideal  character;  his  daugh- 
ter Paula 44       303 

<  Through  Night  to  Light  ^  (1861),  a  sequel  to  <  Problematic  Char- 

acters*; Oswald  Stein,  the  hero;  Melitta,  H61ene,  C6cile,  her- 
oines   45       410 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxxxix 

Stevenson,  Robert  Louis:  <Dr.  Jekyll  and  Mr.  Hyde>  (1886);  Dr. 
Jekyll,  a  physician  of  position  and  character;  Mr.  Hyde,  the 
same  person  changed  by  the  influence  of  a  magical  drug;  Ut 
terson,    a    lawyer;     Dr.    Lanyon,   another    of    Jekyll's    lawyer 

friends 4  4         54 

< Kidnapped >  (1886);  in  the  author's  opinion  his  best  novel;  David 
Balfour,  kidnapped  and  cast  away  in  the  year  1751;  Alan 
Stewart,    a    notorious    Highland    Jacobite;     Ebenezer    Balfour, 

David's  uncle,  a  miser  and  villain 44       143 

<The  Master  of  Ballantrae>  (1889);  a  Scotch  romance  of  the  eight- 
eenth century;  James  Durrie,  the  master,  on  the  side  of  King 
Charlie;  Henry,  his  brother,  on  that  of  King  George;  Alison 
Graeme,  a  rich  kingswoman,  designed  for  James,  but  married 
to  Henry;  John  MacKellar,  devoted  to  Henry;  Chevalier  Burke, 
a  companion  of  James 44       238 

<  David    Balfour  >    (1893);    a    sequel    to    <  Kidnapped  >;    David,    the 

hero;  Alan  Breck  Stewart,  his  friend;  Alan's  brother  unjustly 
charged  with  murder;  Catriona  Drummond,  with  whom  David 
goes  off  to  Holland;  Catriona's  father,  James  Drummond,  a 
plausible  scoundrel 44        238 

Stimson,  F.  J.:  'Guerndale>  (1882);  Guy  Guerndale,  whose  story  is 
told  by  his  friend,  John  Strang;  Annie  Bonnymort,  a  childhood 
companion  with  whom  he  is  in  love;  Philip  Symonds,  a  gay 
good-for-nothing  who  marries  Annie;  Norton  Randolph,   Guy's 

devoted  friend  in  the  Turko- Russian  war 44       142 

<King  Noanett>;  Moore  Carew,  who  tells  the  story  of  his  life;  Mis- 
tress St.  Aubyn,  his  love  for  whom  is  a  chief  motive  of  the 
story;  Miles  Courtenay,  an  Irish  cavalier  said  to  portray  John 
Boyle  O'Reilly;  King  Noanett,  the  mystery  character  of  the 
plot 44        105 

Stockton,  Frank  R.:  <  The  Casting  Away  of  Mrs.  Leeks  and  Mrs. 
Aleshine  > ;  Mrs.  Leeks  and  Mrs.  Aleshine,  two  middle-aged 
widows ;  Mr.  Craig,  with  whom  they  are  cast  away  on  an  island 
in  mid -ocean    44        152 

Stoddard,  Mrs.  Elizabeth:  <The  Morgesons'  (1862),  the  story  of  a 
seacoast  town  in  New  England;  Cassandra,  who  tells  the  story; 
her  sister   Veronica;   their  father  and   mother;  Temperance,  a 

female  servant ;  Ben  Somers,  Cassandra's  friend 45       430 

<Two  Men>  (1865),  another  New  England  seaport  town;  Sarah 
Auster,  heiress,  and  head  of  the  house;  her  husband,  Jason, 
once  a  ship-carpenter;  her  son  Parke;  Qsmond  Luce,  a  seaman, 
and  part  heir  to  the  estate;  Philippa,  his  daughter;  Charlotte 
Lang,  a  beautiful  girl  of  partly  negro  blood 45       484 

<  Temple   House  >  (1867);  Argus   Gates,    a  retired   sea-captain   in   a 

decaying  New  England  seaport;  his  sister-in-law  Roxalana; 
her  child  Tempe,  a  girl  widow;  Sebastian  Ford,  rescued 
by  Argus  from  shipwreck;  Virginia  Brande,  lady-love  of 
Argus 45       496 


dxl  OUTLINE  SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Stowe,  Harriet  Beecher  :  <  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  >  (1851);  Uncle  Tom, 
the  typical  good  slave;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shelby,  from  whom  he  is 
sold  South;  St.  Clare,  owner  of  Tom;  his  daughter  Eva;  Le- 
gree,  a  brutal  master  who  buys  Tom  on  St.  Clare's  death; 
Cassy  and  Emeline,  victims  of  Legree;  Eliza,  Cassy's  daughter; 
Aunt  Chloe,  Uncle  Tom's  wife;   Miss   Ophelia,    Eva's   spinster 

aunt ;  Topsy,  a  darkey  sprite 45        518 

<The  Minister's  Wooing  >  (1859),  a  New  England  tale  of  love  and 
theology;  Mary  Scudder,  the  heroine;  James  Marvyn,  her  lover, 
supposed  to  be  lost  at  sea;  Dr.  Hopkins,  the  minister,  to  whom 
she  becomes  engaged;  Miss  Prissy  Diamond,  a  dressmaker; 
Madame  de  Frontignac,  a  notable  character;  Candace,  a  colored 

servant 45        527 

<The  Pearl  of  Orr's  Island >  (1862),  a  story  of  a  Maine  fishing 
hamlet;  Mara  Lincoln,  the  heroine;  Captain  and  Mrs.  Pennel, 
her  grandparents;  Moses,  the  hero  of  the  book;  Mr.  Adams,  a 
Boston  suitor ;  Sally  Kittridge,  Mara's  friend ;  Captain  Kittridge ; 
Miss  Roxy  and  Ruey  Toothacre 45        527 

Sudermann,  Hermann:  <  Dame  Care*  (1888),  a  story  of  povertj^  and 
misfortune,  full  of  pathos  and  beauty;  Paul,  the  hero;  Mrs. 
Meyerhofer,  his  suffering  mother,  and  Mr.  Meyerhofer,  his 
shiftless  father;  his  younger  sisters  who  become  a  disgrace; 
Elsbeth,  whose  attractions  brighten  his  life 44        250 

Sue,  Eugdne:  <The  Wandering  Jew>  (1845),  one  of  the  famous  books 
of  the  world;  Ahasuerus,  a  shoemaker  in  Jerusalem;  Gabriel 
Rennepont,  a  Jew  turned  Jesuit;  Rodin,  leader  of  the  Jesuits. 

4  5  468 ;  35   14182 

<The    Mysteries    of    Paris, >    a    brilliant   socialistic    novel,    crowded 

with  characters. .    35     14182 

Taylor,  Bayard:  < Hannah  Thurston, >  a  Pennsylvania  story;  Maxwell 
Woodberry,  a  returned  traveler;  Hannah  Thurston,  a  Quaker 
girl;  Mr.  Dyce,  a  spiritualist  medium;  Silas  Wattles  the  tailor; 
Mr.   Waldo   the  minister ;    Bute,  a  farmer ;   Carry,  his  wife ...   4  4       267 

Thackeray,  W.  M. :  <  Vanity  Fair  >  ( 1847-48) ;  Becky  Sharp  the  heroine, 
Amelia,  Becky's  school  intimate;  Rawdon  Crawley,  her  matri- 
monial victim 45       406 

<Pendennis>  (1850) ;  Arthur  Pendennis,  an  unheroic  hero;  his  adopted 
sister  Laura;  Major  Pendennis,  a  typical  old  man-about-town ; 
Fanny  Bolton,  a  pretty  girl  of  the  lower  class;  Blanche  Amory, 

a  flirt  with  a  fortune 45       458 

<Henry  Esmond*  (1852);  Henry  Esmond,  the  hero;  Lady  Castle- 
wood,    her    son    Francis,    and    a    beautiful   daughter,     Beatrix; 

Prince  ,  the  Pretender 44         50 

<The  Newcomes*  (1854);  Colonel  Newcome,  a  typical  English  gen- 
tleman;   Clive    Newcome,    his    son;    Ethel    Newcome,    Clive's 

cousin 45       507 

<The  Virginians*  (1859) ;  Colonel  Henry  Esmond  and  Lady  Esmond; 
Madame  Warrington,    a  sharp-tongued   colonial   dame;   Colonel 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  ^xli 

George  Washington,  a  visitor  in  the  family;  Harry  Warrington 
and  his  brother  George  ;  the  Baroness  Bernstein,  formerly  Bea- 
trix Esmond 44  5i 

Tolstoy,  Count  Lyof:  <Anna  Karenina>  (Eng.  trans.  1886);  Anna 
Karenina,  a  young  Russian  noblewoman  married  to  a  man  much 
older  than  herself,— subtle  psychological  study;  Count  Vronsky, 
a  lover  whose  fascinations  she  cannot   resist 44  I 

<The  Cossacks, >  a  study  of  the  life  of  the  Cossacks  of  the  Terek; 
Olenin,  a  ruined  young  noble,  who  joins  the  Cossacks ;  Marianka, 
a  Cossack  maiden  whom  he  sets  about  taming;  Lukashka, 
Marianka's  Cossack  lover  44       225 

<War  and  Peace, >  perhaps  the  greatest  of  Tolstoy's  novels;  Napo- 
leon ;  Koutouzoff ;  other  characters 4  5        457 

Trollope,  Anthony:  <The  Prime  Minister, >  one  of  four  semi-political 
stories;  the  Prime  Minister,  known  in  the  other  stories  as 
Plenty  Paul,  and  his  wife.  Lady  Glencora, — two  characters  re- 
garded by  the  author  as  his  greatest  successes 44       196 

< Doctor  Thome, >  a  story  of  quiet,  country  life;  Mary  Thorne,  a 
sweet  modest  girl,  the  heroine;  Doctor  Thome,  her  uncle; 
Frank  Gresham,  her  lover;  Miss  Dunstable,  a  wealthy  heiress; 
Lady  Arabella,  Frank's  mother;  Roger  Scatcherd,  Mary's  uncle. 44       197 

«Barchester  Towers  >;  Bishop  Proudie,  a  typical  English  church- 
man; Mrs.    Proudie,  his  sharp-tongued  wife;   Eleanor   Bold,  a 

typical  English  girl 44       291 

Turgeneff;  Ivan:  < Annals  of  a  Sportsman  >  (1852),  twenty-two  short 
sketches  of  Russian  peasant  life;  among  them  <The  Burgomas- 
ter,) <The  Singers,)  <The  District  Doctor > 44       167 

< Dmitri  Rudin>  (i860);  Daria  Mikhailovna,  a  great  lady  ambitious 

to  patronize  literature  and  art ;  Dmitri,  a  vainglorious  pretender .  4  4        223 

<0n  the  Eve*;  Andre  Bersieneff,  a  young  Russian  doctor  of  phi- 
losophy, and  Paul  Shubin,  a  gay  artist;  Elena  Strashof,  a 
beautiful  girl  with  whom  both  are  in  love;  Dmetri  Insarof,  a 
young  Bulgarian  patriot,  whose  noble  character  wins  Elena..     44       223 

<  Fathers  and  Sons>  (1861);  Bazarof,  the  « nihilist »  character  of  the 
story;  Arcadi  Kirsanof,  his  friend  and  host;  Kirsanof's  father 
and  uncle  representing  conservatism   44        no 

^Virgin  Soil,)  a  study  of  Russian  nihilism;  Neshdanoff,  the  hero,  a 
young  university  student;  Marianne,  daughter  of  a  government 
official  who  elopes  with  him;  Solomine,  a  manufacturer  devoted 
to  social  reform    45       473 

<Nest  of  Nobles)  (1858);  Maria,  a  rich  widow;  Liza,  her  beautiful 
daughter;  Panshin,  paying  court  to  Maria;  Lavretsky,  separated 

from  a  faithless  wife 44        109 

Vald6s,  Armando  Palacio:  <Maximina,)  a  vivid  picture  of  modern 
Spain;  Maximina,  a  modest  country  girl;  Miguel,  who  marries 
her;  Mendoza,  a  politican;  Don  Alphonso,  a  fashionable  roue.  .44         99 

<The  Grandee)  (1895),  the  story  of  a  Spanish  town;  De  Leon  the 
Grandee:   Amalia   his  young  wife;    Luis  her  lover;    Fernanda, 


dxlii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

whom  Luis  is  engaged  to  marry;  Don  Christobal  and  his  four 
daughters ;  Paco  Gomez,  a  rough  jester 44        100 

Valera,  Juan:  ^Pepita  Ximenez>;  Pepita  Ximenez  the  heroine,  a  widow 
at  nineteen ;  Don  Pedro,  a  suitor ;  his  son  Luis,  about  to  become 
a  priest,  falls  in  love  with  Pepita;  Count  de  Genazahar,  a  re- 
jected suitor  of  Pepita 44       166 

<Dona  Luz>  (1891),  a  brilliant  emotional  story  of  recent  Spain; 
Dona  Luz,  heiress  of  a  dissipated  marquis;  Don  Ascisclo,  the 
old  steward  of  the  estate;  Don  Miguel,  the  parish  priest;  Don 
Anselmo,  a  physician  and  thorough  materialist;  Father  En- 
rique, a  missionary  of  noble  character;  Don  Jaime  Pimental, 
the    hero 44        221 

Verga,  Giovanni:  <The  House  by  the  Medlar  Tree,>  a  story  of  lower- 
class  Italian  life  in  a  fishing  village;  Padron  'Ntoni,  the  good- 
hearted  grandfather;  his  grandsons  and  other  characters 44        107 

Vigny,  Alfred  de:  < Cinq-Mars,^  an  historical  romance  of  1642;  Rich- 
elieu, the  great  figure  of  the  time;  King  Louis  XIII.,  domi- 
nated by  Richelieu;  Cinq-Mars  and  De  Thou,  conspirators 
against  him;  Father  Joseph  and   Laubardemont,  his  servitors.  .44        218 

Voynich,  E.  L.:  *The  Gadfly  >;  Arthur  Burton,  the  English  hero  of 
the  story,  studying  at  the  Catholic  seminary  in  Italy ;  Monta- 
nelli,  his  devoted  friend,  later  known  as  his  father;  Gemma 
Warren,  an  English  girl,  heroine  of  the  love  tragedy  of  the 
book;  the  Gadfly,  Arthur  himself  as  he  returned  from  many 
years'  exile  in   South  America 44        107 

Wallace,  Lew:  *  Ben  Hur:  A  Tale  of  the  Christ  >;  Judah  Ben  Hur; 
Valerius,  the  Roman  Governor;  Messala,  a  Roman  noble;  John 

the  Baptist  and  Jesus  of  Nazareth 44       208 

<The  Fair  God>  (1873),  a  romance  of  the  Spanish  conquest  of 
Mexico;  Montezuma  the  Emperor;  Guatamozin,  his  nephew  and 
son-in-law;  Cortez,  chief  of  the  invading  Spaniards 45        368 

Ward,  Mrs.  Humphry:    <  Robert    Elsmere>    (1888);    Robert   Elsmere; 

Catherine  his  wife,  and  Rose  her  sister 45       459 

<  David    Grieve  >    (1892);    David    Grieve    the   hero,    and   his   sister 

Louie;  Sandy  Grieve  a  Scotch  workingman,  their  father 44         53 

<Marcella>  (1894);  Marcella,  English  girl  of  high  aspirations;  Al- 
dous  Raeburn,  to  whom  she  becomes  engaged;  Wharton,  a 
socialistic  demagogue,  who   makes   trouble;    Hurd,    a   poacher, 

put  to  death  under  the   game  laws 44       145 

<Sir  George  Tressady  >  (1896),  a  sequel  to  < Marcella';  Tressadj-,  a 
young  baronet ;  Mrs.  Tressady,  a  mere  girl ;  Marcella,  now  Lady 
Raeburn ;  Aldous  Raeburn  her  husband 44       256 

Weyman,  Stanley  J.:  <A  Gentleman  of  France >  (1893);  Gaston  de 
Bonne,  in  the  service  of  Henry  of  Navarre;  Mademoiselle  de 
la   Vire,    heroine    of   many   adventures;    the    Duke    de   Rosny, 

Navarre's  chief  counselor 44        104 

*The  Red  Cockade  >  (1896);  Vicomte  de  Saux,  the  hero;  D6nise  de 

St.  Alais    the  heroine ;   Madame  de  St.  Alais.  her  mother 44         16 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxliii 

Wolff,  Julius:  <The  Robber  Count >  (1890),  an  immensely  successful 
romance  of  Germany  in  the  fourteenth  century ;  Count  Albrecht ; 
the  bishop  of  Halberstadt,  his  enemy;  Jutta  von  Kranichfeld, 
the  Count's  lady  love;  the  countess  Oda;  Siegfried,  in  love 
with  Oda 44       '422 

Wood,  Mrs.  Henry:  <East  Lynne>  (1861),  an  immensely  popular 
emotional  story:  Lady  Isabel  Vane;  Archibald  Carlyle,  whom 
she  marries;  Francis  Levison,  the  villain-  of  the  story 44        147 

Woods,  Katharine  Pearson:  <Metzerott,  Shoemaker,>  an  American 
factory-town  socialistic  story;  Karl  Metzerott,  freethinker  and 
communist;  Ernest  Clare,  a  Christian  socialist;  jolly  Father 
McClosky;  Louis,  Karl's  only  child;  Randolph,  a  millionaire; 
Dr.  Richards,  inclined  to  atheism 44        144 

Zangwill,  I.:  < Children  of  the  Ghetto >  (1892),  a  study  of  Jewish  life 
and  characteristics ;  Reb  Shemuel,  a  typical  rigid  Jew ;  Raphael 
Leon,  and  Esther,  higher  types;  Strelitski,  a  zealous  fanatic; 
the  Goldsmiths,  ambitious  hypocrites 44        149 

Zola,  6mile:  <The  DownfalP  (1892),  a  novel  of  the  Franco-Prussian 
War;  Jean  Macquart,  a  French  corporal;  Maurice  Levasseur,  a 
young  lawyer;  Delaherche,  a  Sedan  manufacturer;  Henriette, 
sister  of  Maurice 44       288 


dxliv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

THE   WARNER    LIBRARY 

COURSE  IN  LITERATURE 


||0R  the  convenience  of  persons  desiring  to  undertake  Com- 
prehensive Courses  of  Reading  or  Study,  covering  the 
entire  field  of  Literature  in  the  four  years  of  a  regular 
School,  College,  or  University  Course,  the  chief  contents  of  the 
Library  are  arranged  below  in  Four  Grand  Divisions,  each  occu- 
pying a  year,  and  in  nine  monthly  parts  for  each  year,  and  four 
weekly  sections  for  each  month. 

Readers  will  note  that  the  Index  Guide  at  large  provides  com- 
plete guidance  and  aid  for  a  great  variety  of  elective  courses  on 
special  topics,  and  large  exhibits  of  information  for  those  who 
consult  the  Library  as  a  vast  treasury  of  knowledge. 

To  make  the  most  of  the  Comprehensive  Course,  readers  or 
students  should  consult  the  Chronological  Conspectus  of  the  Lit- 
erature in  hand,  also  the  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Authors  in 
Volumes  42  and  43,  and  the  Comprehensive  Analytical  and  Criti- 
cal Index  to  the  entire  Library. 


FIRST  YEAR 


BABYLONIAN— EGYPTIAN— ARABIC     LITERATURE 

OCTOBER 

First  Week. —  Accadian-Babylonian  Literature,  i  51-83;  Maspero  on  Chal- 
dsea,  45  343;  Layard's  <  Nineveh  and  Its  Remains,^  45  476;  Peters's  <  Nippur: 
or  Explorations  and  Adventures  on  the  Euphrates,  >  44  20;  <  Babylonian  Influ- 
ence on  the  Bible  and  Popular  Beliefs,^  44  21;  < Recent  Research  in  Bible 
Lands,*  44  189. 

Second  Week. —  Egyptian  Literature,  13  5225-344;  <  A  History  of  Egypt* 
by  Flinders  Petrie,  44  20;  Maspero  on  Egypt,  45  343;  Maspero' s  <  Manual  of 
Egyptian  Archaeology,*  44  335;  Wiedemann's  <  Ancient  Religion  of  the  Egyp- 
tians.* 45  413;     Ebers's  <An  Egyptian  Princess,*  44  20. 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF  INTEREST  ^xlv 

Third  Week. —  Arabic  Literature, — The  Arabic  Poets,  2  665-704;  the 
Koran  or  Qu'ran,  22  8707-24;  45  420;  Ibn  Sin^,  a  Persian- Arabic  philosopher 
and  medical  authority,   19  7835-38- 

Fourth  Week. —  Avicebron,  a  Jewish-Arabic  philosopher  and  poet,  3  1099- 
105 ;  Averroes,  a  famous  Arabic  expositor  of  Aristotle,  3  1079-83 ;  Antar,  the 
great  Arabic  romance,  2  586-97;  Ibn  Tofail,  an  Arabic  philosopher  and  physi- 
cian, 42  282;  Abulfaraj  and  Abulfeda,  Arabic  scholars,  42  3;  the  Arabian 
Nights,  2  622-64;  Palgrave's  < Central  and  Eastern  Arabia,>  44  iii,  and  his 
<  Hermann  Agha,>  44  no. 


PERSIAN— GREEK   LITERATURE 

NOVEMBER 

First  Week. —  Persian  Literature, —  The  Avesta,  3  1084-99;  i^  Synopses  of 
Sacred  Books,  45  418;  Firdausi,  national  poet  of  Persia,  14  5735-54;  Omar 
Khajrydm,  a  great  poet-astronomer  of  Persia,   2  i   8541-64. 

Second  Week. —  Nizami,  famous  author  of  <  Five  Treasures  >  of  poetry,  2  7 
10665-71;  Sa'di,  the  best  Persian  ethical  poet,  32  12634-58;  Rumi,  author  of 
famous  Persian  epic  of  tales,  legends,  and  counsels,  32  12487-94;  Hafiz,  the 
greatest  of  the  Persian  poets,  i  7  6793-806 ;  Jami,  Persia's  latest  classical  poet, 
20  8110-16. 

Third  Week. — Greek  Literature, — Homer  and  the  Homeric  Hymns,  19 
7551-88;  Hesiod,   18  7326-32;  Dyer's  <The  Gods  in  Greece,>  45   512. 

Fourth  Week. —  Greek  Lyric  Poetry,  37  15 161-84;  Pater's  <  Greek  Studies,* 
45  448;  Symonds's  <  Studies  in  the  Greek  Poets,  >  45  497. 


DECEMBER 
GREEK  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week.— Alcman,  i  281;  ^sop,  author  of  Fables,  i  200-09;  Solon, 
earliest  Greek  lawgiver,  34  13642-46;  Sappho,  greatest  of  woman  poets,  32 
12817-24;  Alcseus,  great  lyric  poet,   i   268-72. 

Second  Week. —  Anacreon  and  Simonides,  Ijrric  poets,  2  492-500;  34 
13462-70;  Thales,  Pherecydes,  and  Anaximander,  early  Greek  philosophers,  43 
520,  427;  and  42  18;  Pythagoras,  Heraclitus,  and  Xenophanes,  noted  early 
philosophers,  43  446;  18  7247-51;   and  43   587. 

Third  Week.— Parmenides,  Anaxagoras,  and  Empedocles,  noted  philoso- 
phers, 28  11114-16;  42  18;  and  14  5467-74;  Theognis,  a  didactic  poet,  37 
14789-94;  .^schylus,  greatest  of  tragic  poets,  i  183-200;  Herodotus,  the  Father 
of  History,    1 8   7285-306. 

Fourth  Week.— Pindar,  a  supremely  great  author  of  odes,   29  11487-505; 
Sophocles,  the  finest  artist  in  Greek  drama,  34  13647-76;  Euripides,  the  great- 
est  in   human   interest  of  the  Greek  dramatists,    14  5569-90;   Thucydides,  the 
greatest  of  Greek  historians,  37   14909-31. 
35 


dxlvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OP  THE    PRINCIPAL 

JANUARY 

GREEK  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Socrates,  one  of  the  greatest  of  thinkers  and  teachers,  34 
13627-41;  Xenophon,  notable  story  and  historical  writer,  39  16243-60;  Aris- 
tophanes, most  famous  of  comic  poets,  2  759-87;  Plato,  the  most  interesting 
of  Greek  philosophers,  29   11 519-56. 

Second  Week. —  Zeller's  ^Outlines  of  the  History  of  Greek  Philosophy,^ 
44  116;  Aristotle,  the  greatest  ancient  philosopher-scientist,  2  788-801;  Aristotle 
in  English,  44  332;  .^schines,  a  noted  lawyer-orator  of  Athens,  1  178-82; 
Demosthenes,  the  greatest  of  Greek  orators  and  statesmen,  1 1  4535 ;  Theocritus, 
Greek  pastoral  poet,  37   14769-88. 

Third  Week. —  Philemon,  author  of  plays,  29  11397-408;  Menander,  noted 
author  of  comedies  now  lost,  29  11405;  <Lost  Attic  Comedy,^  29  11397-408; 
Cleanthes,  a   Stoic  philosopher,   9  3784-86. 

Fourth  Week. —  Bion,  Callimachus,  and  Moschus,  notable  Greek  poets,  4 
1893;  7  3101-06;  and  26  10360-64;  The  Argonautic  Legend,  2  731-40;  Ptolemy 
of  Alexandria,  the  most  famous  ancient  astronomer,  43  443;  Polybius,  author 
of  an  important  History  of  Greece,  30  11701-10. 


FEBRUARY 
GREEK  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Aristides,  father  of  Greek  prose  romance,  42  24;  Posi- 
donius,  an  eminent  scholar  and  Stoic  philosopher,  43  438;  Strabo,  noted  Greek 
geographer,  43  509;  Greek  anthology,  a  collection  of  short  Greek  poems,  16 
6637-52;  Babrius,  author  of  fables  in  verse,  3  1148-54;  Epictetus,  eminent  Greek 
Stoic  philosopher,    14    5497-508. 

Second  Week. —  Plutarch,  author  of  <  Lives  of  Famous  Men,>  Greek  and 
Roman,  29  11601-50;  Pausanias,  author  of  a  great  work  on  Greek  Antiq- 
uities, 28  1 1210-22;  Alciphron,  a  noted  Athenian,  author  of  letters  forming  a 
novel,    I   275-80. 

Third  Week. —  Diogenes  Laertius,  author  of  <  Lives  and  Sayings  of  the 
Philosophers,*  i  2  4711-24;  Athenseus,  author  of  a  great  work  entitled  <The  Feast 
of  the  Learned,*  2  923-32;  Plotinus,  celebrated  Neo-Platonic  philosopher,  43 
432- 

Fourth  Week. —  Heliodorus,  a  Greek  bishop,  author  of  a  novel,  18  7221- 
28;  Chrysostom,  a  Christian  Greek  pulpit  orator  of  marvelous  eloquence,  9 
3665-74;  Synesius,  a  Greek  bishop,  poet,  and  orator,  43  513;  Agathias,  a  Greek 
historian  at  Constantinople,  i  223-24;  Longus,  author  of  a  Greek  romance, 
<Daphnis  and  Chloe,*  43  349. 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OF   INTEREST  dxlvii 

ITALIAN    LITERATURE 

MARCH 

First  Week. —  Francis  d' Assisi,  Dante's  precursor,  i  5  5919-24 ;  Dante,  the 
greatest  of  Italian  poets,  11  4315-78;  Petrarch,  Italy's  second  great  poet,  29 
11357-83;  Boccaccio,  famous  author  of  the  <Decameron,>  5  2089-115;  Pulci,  au- 
thor of  the  earliest  Italian  romantic  poem,  30  1 1891-903;  Amerigo  Vespucci, 
celebrated  Itahan  navigator,  43  546. 

Second  Week. —  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  one  of  the  greatest  of  artists,  43  549; 
Machiavelli,  Italy's  greatest  early  prose  writer,  24  9479-94;  Copernicus, 
famous  Italian  scientist,  i  o  4040-44 ;  Ariosto,  the  most  notable  Italian  poet  after 
Dante  and  Petrarch,  2  741-59;  Michel  Angelo,  a  great  poet,  sculptor,  painter, 
and  architect,  25  9977-81. 

Third  Week.— Castiglione,  a  great  improver  of  Italian  style,  8  3339-46; 
Firenzuola,  author  of  novels,  comedies,  and  ballads,  14  5755-65;  Benvenuto 
Cellini,  author  of  very  interesting  <Memoirs,>  8   3371-402. 

Fourth  Week. —  Vasari,  author  of  a  great  work  on  Painters,  Sculptors, 
and  Architects,  37  15248-56;  Tasso,  the  latest  of  Italy's  four  greatest  poets, 
36  14469-517;  Bruno,  the  famous  freethinker  burned  at  the  stake  in  Rome,  6 
2613-22;  Filicaia,  author  of  celebrated  patriotic  odes,  14  5732-34;  Goldoni,  the 
father  of  modern  Italian  comedy,  16  6475-92;  Parini,  brilliant  author  of 
satires,  28  11042-46. 

APRIL 
ITALIAN  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Alfieri,  the  founder  of  Italian  tragedy,  i  371-82;  Manzoni, 
a  noted  Italian  patriotic  poet,  and  author  of  brilliant  fiction,  24  9671-701; 
Pellico,  famous  author  of  a  story  of  imprisonment,  28  11263-82;  Leopardi, 
author  of  poems  of  remarkable  perfection,  22  8977-83. 

Second  Week.— Rosmini,  a  notable  Italian  thinker  and  philosopher,  43 
468;  D'Azeglio,  an  Italian  statesman,  and  author  of  novels  of  patriotism,  3 
1129-40;  Gioberti,  an  Italian  liberal  philosopher  and  statesman,  42  2i8;Cantu, 
famous  author  of  a  great  <  Universal  History,^  8  3199-205;  Mazzini,  celebrated 
Italian  agitator,  25  9843-52.  • 

Third  Week. —  Ruffini,  an  ardent  Italian  patriot,  and  author  of  fine 
novels,  31  12471;  Giusti,  a  patriotic  poet  and  satirist,  16  6355-58;  Aleardi,  a 
brilliantly  patriotic  poet,  i  349-53 ;  Villari,  author  of  great  works  on  Savonarola 
and  Machiavelli,  38  15354-76. 

Fourth  Week. —  Carducci,  an  Italian  poet  of  the  highest  national  distinc- 
tion, 8  3206-20;  Verga,  an  Italian  novelist  of  very  great  power  and  interest, 
38  15297-312;  De  Amicis,  popular  author  of  stories  and  travels,  i  453-78; 
Matilde  Serao,  a  notable  woman  journalist,  and  author  of  interesting  novels, 
3  3  13133-52;  D'Annunzio,  an  Italian  novelist  unsurpassed  for  naturalistic 
realism,  2   574-85. 


dxlviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY    OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

SPANISH   LITERATURE 

MAY 

First  Week.— The  Cid,  famous  epic  poem  of  about  1200  A.  D.,  with 
which  Spanish  literature  begins,  9  3725-36;  Alfonso  the  Wise,  the  father  of 
Spanish  literature,  i  383-88 ;  Ximenes,  a  famous  Spanish  churchman,  who  pub- 
lished the  <  Complutensian  Polyglot  Bible, >  43  588. 

Second  Week. —  Villena,  one  of  the  earliest  Spanish  poets,  5  2203;  Santil- 
lana,  an  early  Spanish  dramatist,  43  479;  Las  Casas,  a  notable  author  of  books 
referring  to  the  discoveries  of  Columbus,  8  3333-38;  Las  Casas's  <  History  of 
the  Indies,)  44  219;  Boscan,  the  first  cultivated  writer  of  Spanish  verse,  5 
2203-08;  Del  Castillo,  author  of  a  <  True  History  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico. > 
II  4613-19. 

Third  Week. —  Mendoza,  author  of  a  satirist  romance  which  suggested  Le 
Sage's  <Gil  Blas,>  43  378;  Alcdzar,  a  notable  Spanish  poet  of  the  age  of 
Shakespeare,  i  272-75;  Cervantes,  the  famous  creator  of  <Don  Quixote,*  8  3451- 
502;  Lope  de  Vega,  a  most  prolific  author  of  Spanish  comedies,  38  15287-96; 
Calderon,  Lope  de  Vega's  great  successor,  7  3071-86;  Molinos,  the  famous  Span- 
ish mystic,  founder  of  Quietism,  43  386;  44  330. 

Fourth  Week. —  Caballero,  a  woman  author  of  Spanish  novels  of  high  life 
7  3001-16;  Espronceda,  a  Spanish  poet  of  the  highest  distinction,  14  5549-55; 
Zorrilla,  Spain's  latest  great  poet,  39  16325-30;  Valera,  notable  as  a  scholar, 
poet,  essayist,  and  novelist,  37  15220-36;  Echegaray,  a  Spanish  dramatist  of 
high  rank,  13  5101-12. 

JUNE 
SPANISH  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. — Alarc6n,  a  famous  author  of  remarkable  novels,  i  262-67; 
Pereda,  the  most  original  of  recent  Spanish  writers  of  fiction,  29  11305-22; 
Galdds,  notable  author  of  historical  romances  and  didactic  novels,  15  6153-73; 
Madame  Pardo-Bazan,  a  woman  critic,  essayist,  and  novelist,  of  rare  genius, 
28  1 1025-41;  Valdes,  the  most  interesting  of  recent  Spanish  novelists,  37 
15199-219. 

Second  Week. — Jorge  Isaaks,  a  South  American  Spanish-Jewish  novelist, 
20  8046-56;  Gabriel  Valdes,  a  Cuban  negro  poet,  one  of  the  most  popular  of 
Spanish-American  poets,  43  541;  Mendive,  a  Spanish-Cuban  poet  of  distinc- 
tion, 43  378;  Latin -American  Literature,  22  8903-28. 

PORTUGUESE   LITERATURE 

Third  Week. —  Lobeira,  an  early  Portuguese  troubadour,  8  3129;  Resende, 
an  early  Portuguese  poet,  8  3130;  Lopes,  the  father  of  Portuguese  prose,  8 
3130;  Ribeiro,  a  notable  author  of  lyrics,  and  of  a  prose  pastoral  romance,  43 
456;  Gil  Vicente,  the  father  of  Portuguese  drama,  8  3130. 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OF  INTEREST  dxlix 

Fourth  Week.— Camoens,  Portugal's  greatest  poet,  8  3129-58;  Barros,  fa- 
mous historian  of  Portuguese  discoveries  and  conquests,  8  3130;  Ferreira,  author 
of  one  of  the  earliest  tragedies  ever  produced  in  Europe,  42  185;  Nascimento, 
the  celebrated  author  of  Odes  and  other  Poems,  8  313 1;  Almeida-Garrett,  a 
notable  Portuguese  dramatist,  8  3131;  Herculano,  an  eminent  scholar,  journal- 
ist, historian,  and  novehst,  42  260. 


SECOND  YEAR 


LATIN    LITERATURE 
OCTOBER 

First  Week.— Andronicus,  a  poet  and  actor,  14  5475;  Nsevius,  author  of 
tragedies  and  comedies,  14  5475;  Plautus,  the  greatest  Latin  comic  poet,  29 
11557-72;  Ennius,  author  of  an  epic  poem  and  <Annals,>  14  5475-83;  Cato, 
author  of  a  work  on  Agriculture,  of  Speeches,  and  of  works  on  History,  Elo- 
quence, Medicine,  and  Military  Art,  8  3347-52- 

Second  Week. —  Terence,  author  of  six  highly  finished  comedies  reflecting 
Greek  culture,  36  14643-62;  Cicero,  the  greatest  of  Latin  orators,  and  author 
of  many  writings  of  extreme  interest,  9  3675-724;  Caesar,  the  greatest  of  Ro- 
mans, soldier,  statesman,  orator,  and  writer,   7  3037-66. 

Third  Week. —  Lucretius,  a  most  notable  poet  thinker,  very  critical  on  re- 
ligious questions,  23  9304-18;  Catullus,  an  exceptionally  fine  lyric  poet,  8 
3359-70;  Sallust,  author  of  two  small  histories,  which  seem  designed  to  serve 
as  political  writings,  32  12743-58;  Virgil,  the  greatest  of  Latin  poets,  and  in 
some  ways  the  most  interesting  of  Latin  writers,  38  15413-38. 

Fourth  Week. —  Horace,  the  court  poet  of  Augustus,  19  7619-40;  Livy, 
the  most  interesting  of  Latin  historians,  23  9091-104;  Tibullus,  a  notable  ele- 
giac Latin  poet,  37  14932-42;  Propertius,  author  of  the  best  Latin  elegies, 
30  1 1861-70;  Ovid,  one  of  the  most  notable  poets  of  the  age  of  Augustus,  28 
10915-36. 

NOVEMBER 
■   LATIN  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Seneca,  the  most  brilliant  literary  figure  in  the  second  gene- 
ration of  the  first  century;  a  Stoic  philosopher,  33  13 119-32;  Petronius,  author 
under  Nero  of  very  interesting  satires,  29  11384-96;  Pliny  the  Elder,  author 
of  histories  and  of  an  encyclopedia  of  Natural  Science,  29  11573-82;  Martial, 
author  of  Latin  epigrams  of  the  highest  quality,  24  9750-58;  Persius,  author 
of  Latin  satires  in  the  worst  days  of  Rome,  29  11343-46. 

Second  Week. —  Quintilian,  author  of  a  remarkable  treatise  on  Orators 
and  Oratory,  30    11980-12000;   Statins,  an  epic,  lyric,  and  dramatic  poet,  35 


dl  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE   PRINCIPAL 

13845-56;  Tacitus,  author  of  a  work  on  Germany  and  the  Germans,  and  of 
two  great  historical  works,  36  14369-88;  Juvenal,  in  his  satires  one  of  the 
greatest  of  Latin  writers,  21  8411-24;  Pliny  the  Younger,  a  typical  cultivated 
Roman  writer  of  the  time  of  Trajan,   29  11583-600. 

Third  Week. —  Lucian,  a  famous  critic  of  the  popular  Roman  religion,  23 
9285-303;  Antoninus,  a  moral  and  religious  writer  of  extreme  Christian  interest, 
3  1022-44;  Suetonius,  author  of  interesting  lives  of  twelve  of  the  Caesars,  35 
14202-08;  ^lianus,  author  of  a  book  about  animals,  and  of  historical  studies,  i 
172-77;  Apuleius,  author  of  <The  Golden  Ass,*  a  brilliant  Latin  novel,  2  597-612, 

Fourth  Week. —  Gellius,  author  of  <  Attic  Nights,  >  picturing  Roman  life 
and  usages,  16  6253-60;  TertuUian,  a  notable  Latin  Church  Father  and  theo- 
logical writer,  43  519;  Athanasius,  an  eminent  African-Latin  Father  of  the 
early  Christian  Church,  42  28;  Prudentius,  a  Christian  Spanish-Latin  poet; 
author  of  hymns  and  religious  poems,  43  442;  Ambrose,  an  eminent  father  of 
the  Latin  Church,  42  16;  Lactantius,  a  Christian  author,  tutor  to  the  son  of 
Constantine;  known  as  the  Christian  Cicero,  43  320;  Vincent  of  Lerins,  a  not- 
able Church  writer,  43  548;  Boetius,  the  latest  of  classical  Latin  writers,  5 
2133-40;  Augustine  of  Hippo,  an  African-Latin  Church  Father,  the  precursor 
of  Calvin  in  theology,  3  1014-16. 

FRENCH    LITERATURE 

DECEMBER 

First  Week. — St.  Victor,  a  great  hymn  writer,  32  12727-31;  Froissart,  an 
author  of  picturesque  historical  chronicles,  1 5  6035-58 ;  Villon,  the  father  of 
French  poetry,  38  15392-412;  Comines,  a  second  great  French  author  of 
Chronicles,  10  3923-34;  Rabelais,  the  earliest  and  greatest  type  of  French 
genius,  30  12001-26;  Marguerite  of  Navarre,  her  <Heptameron,>  a  collection  of 
stories,  24  9702-13;  Marot,  an  early  French  poet,   24  9729-36. 

Second  Week. — John  Calvin,  the  g^reat  Frenchman  of  Protestant  theology, 
8  3117-28;  Ronsard,  next  to  Villon,  the  father  of  French  poetry,  31  12373-83; 
Brantome,  author  of  valuable  < Lives'  of  the  Valois  period,  6  2319-27;  Mon- 
taigne, the  famous  author  of  <Essays,>  26  10237-48;  St.  Francis  de  Sales, 
the  precursor  of  Fenelon  in  pietism,  32  12732-42;  Descartes,  an  eminent 
original  French  thinker,  1 1  4585  ;  Corneille,  the  earliest  modern  French  dramatist, 
10  4065-78. 

Third  Week. —  Rochefoucauld,  author  of  famous  < Maxims'  and  < Me- 
moirs,' 31  12320-34;  La  Fontaine,  author  of  celebrated  <  Fables,'  22  8779- 
8800;  Moliere,  the  greatest  of  modern  comic  dramatists,  26  10153-205;  Pascal, 
eminent  French  thinker,  28  11 143 ;  Madame  de  Sevigne,  famous  author  of 
letters,  33  13153-66. 

Fourth  Week. —  Bossuet,  notable  French  pulpit  orator,  5  2209-26 ;  Per- 
rault,  author  of  < Mother  Goose'  tales,  29  11323-42;  Madame  de  La  Fayette, 
author  of  one  of  the  earliest  French  novels,  22  8767-78;  Boileau,  author  of 
< Epistles'  and  <Art  of  Poetry,'  5  2141-51;  Racine,  the  greatest  of  writers 
of  French  tragedy,  30  12027-40;  La  Bruyere,  great  French  satirist,  22  8760- 
66;    Fenelon,  notable  mystic  and  pietist  and  eloquent  preacher,   14  5641-48. 


TOPICS   AND  CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  dli 

JANUARY 
FRENCH  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week.— Massillon,  one  of  the  greatest  of  French  pulpit  orators, 
25  9780-96;  Le  Sage,  a  notable  author  of  fiction,  22  8984-9004;  Saint-Simon, 
author  of  interesting  <Menioirs,>  32  12709-26;  Montesquieu,  a  great  French 
writer  on  constitutional  law,  26  10249-70. 

Second  Week.— Piron,  author  of  epigrams  and  satires,  29  11506-12;  Vol- 
taire, an  immensely  productive  thinker  and  writer  in  the  age  before  the  French 
Revolution,  38  15449-90;  Prevost,  author  of  a  famous  novelette,  30  11805-19; 
Madame  du  Deflfand,  a  woman  writer  of  rare  genius,  1 1  4471-78;  Crebillon,  au- 
thor of  interesting  tragedies,   10  4167-80. 

Third  Week.—  BuflEon,  author  of  a  monumental  <  Natural  History,>  6  2689- 
96;  Rousseau,  a  famous  precursor  of  the  Revolution,  31  12435-56;  Diderot, 
chief  author  of  the  famous  <  Encyclopedic,)  12  4689-703;  D'Alembert,  a  notable 
French  scientist,   i   354-70;   Casanova,  author  of -^Memoirs,)  8  3321-32. 

Fourth  Week.— Beaumarchais,  author  of  famous  comedies,  4  1657-73 ;  Saint- 
Pierre,  author  of  <Paul  and  Virginia,)  32  12695-708;  Mirabeau,  famous  political 
orator,  25  10077-96;  Joubert,  author  of  <  Thoughts,)  21  8385-98;  Brillat-Sava- 
rin,  author  of  a  work  of  great  wit  on  <The  Physiology  of  Taste,)  6  2365-80; 
Florian,  author  of  <  Fables,)  14  5849-52. 

FEBRUARY 
FRENCH  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week.—  Chenier,  a  poet  of  note,  9  3601-08 ;  De  Maistre,  author  of 
fiction,  24  9617-22;  Madame  de  Stael,  a  woman  of  brilliant  genius,  and  con- 
spicuous service  to  French  culture,  35  13823-44;  Chateaubriand,  a  foremost  man 
of  letters  of  his  day  in  France,  9  3531-38;  Cuvier,  an  eminent  French  scientist, 
10  4251-66;  Senancour,  author  of  <Obermann,)  33   13111-18. 

Second  Week. —  Sismondi,  author  of  economical  and  historical  works,  34 
13471-86;  Nodier,  author  of  remarkable  fiction,  27  10672-84;  Quesnay,  notable 
writer  of  stories,  30  11925-46;  Beranger,  a  chief  French  lyric  poet,  4  1783-800; 
Lamennais,  an  advanced  religious  writer,  22  8845-60;  Beyle,  writer  of  travels, 
criticism,  and  fiction,  4  1861-83;  Guizot,  a  notable  French  historian,  17  6771- 
80;  Arago,  a  brilliant  French  scientist,  2   704-22. 

Third  Week. —  Lamartine,  a  notable  writer  of  poetry  and  of  history,  22 
8801-16;  Scribe,  a  famous  French  author  of  plays,  33  13083-98;  Cousin,  a 
brilliant  lecturer  on  Philosophy,  i  o  4079-88 ;  Delavigne,  a  lyrical  poet  and  dram- 
atist, 1 1  4528-34 ;  Thierry,  celebrated  French  historian,  3  7  14803-20 ;  Thiers,  an 
eminent  French  statesman  and  historian,  37   14821-44. 

Fourth  Week. —  Comte,  founder  of  a  school  of  radical  thought,  10  3935-44; 
Michelet,  notable  brilliant  French  historian,  25  9982-94;  Balzac,  greatest  of 
French  novelists,  3  1348-432;  De  Vigny,  poet  and  novelist,  38  15341-53;  Bas- 
tiat,  notable  economist  and  journalist,  4  1607-16;  Victor  Hugo,  the  most  not- 
able of  French  poets,  novelists,  and  dramatists,   19  7709-67. 


dlii  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

MARCH 

FRENCH  LITER  A  TURE—  Continued 

First  Week. —  Merimee,  author  of  fiction,  history,  and  criticism,  25  9941- 
55;  Dumas,  Sr.,  famous  author  of  novels,  12  4957-5000;  Quinet,  brilliant  thinker 
and  political  leader,  30  1 1961-79;  Eugene  Sue,  author  of  notable  novels,  35 
14181-201;  Sainte-Beuve,  eminent  French  critic,  32  12659-77;  George  Sand,  fa- 
mous woman  of  genius,  author  of  novels,  32  12759-805;  De  Tocqueville,  famous 
author  of  <  Democracy  in  America, >  37  14965-84. 

Second  Week. —  Souvestre,  author  of  plays,  stories,  and  historical  works, 
35  13693-706;  De  Guerin,  brother  and  sister,  authors  of  letters  and  journals, 
17  6761-70;  Musset,  French  poet  of  rare  genius,  26  10487-510;  Gautier,  author 
of  novels,  criticisms,  and  poems,  15  6221-36;  Sandeau,  author  of  novels  and 
plays,  32  12806-16;  Laboulaye,  author  of  fairy  tales;  also  of  scholarly  historical 
works,  22  8747-59. 

Third  Week. —  Victor  Duruy,  eminent  historical  writer,  12  5069-74;  Es- 
quiros,  notable  journalist,  novelist,  historical  and  political  writer,  14  5556-68; 
Charles  Blanc,  an  art  writer  and  critic  of  distinction,  5  2051-63;  Veuillot,  a 
notable  Catholic  journalist,  38  15330-40;  Scherer,  an  eminent  liberal  religious 
writer,  32  12865-76;  Leconte  de  Lisle,  a  notable  French  poet;  22  8952-56; 
Villemarque,  an  eminent  scholar  in  Breton  lore,  38  15377-91;  Mace,  author  of 
fairy  tales  and  stories  for  children,  24  9473-78. 

Fourth  Week. —  Augier,  a  notable  dramatist,  3  998-1014;  Madame  Craven, 
a  Catholic  writer  of  stories  and  biographies,  10  4139-50;  Baudelaire,  author  of 
notable  poems,  4  1617-32;  Flaubert,  a  brilliant  novelist,  14  5815-43;  Amiel,  a 
poet  thinker  of  rare  genius,  2  479-92;  Feuillet,  a  popular  novelist,  and  author 
of  plays,  14  5663-72;  Murger,  notable  writer  on  « Bohemians,'*  in  art  and  litera- 
ture, 26  10473-86;  Du  Camp,  author  of  travels,  criticisms,  and  political  writ- 
mgs,  12  4951-56;  the  brothers  Goncourt,  authors  of  superior  novels,  16  6549-64; 
Erckmann-Chatrian,  novelists  of  distinction,  1 4  5538-48. 


APRIL 

FRENCH  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  De  Banville,  poet,  dramatist,  and  critic,  4  1474-80;  Renan, 
celebrated  liberal  writer  on  the  history  of  religion,  31  12149-94;  Boissier,  a 
notable  writer  of  biographies,  5  2152-62;  Dumas,  Jr.,  novelist  and  dramatist, 
12  5001-40;  Taine,  eminent  critical  and  historical  writer  on  literature,  36  14399- 
452;  Sarcey,  famous  French  dramatic  critic  and  lecturer,  32  12825-36;  Cher- 
buliez,  author  of  novels,  criticisms,  and  reviews,  9  3609-24;  Droz,  popular 
author  of  novels  and  short  stories,    12  4885-96. 

Second  Week. —  Theuriet,  author  of  notable  novels  and  short  stories,  37 
14795-802 ;  Pailleron,  brilliant  author  of  satiric  comedies  and  plays,  2  8  10961- 
74;  Halevy,  writer  of  delightful  fiction  and  dramas,  17  6831-47;  Gaboriau,  au- 
thor of  popular  detective  novels,  15  6137-52;  Fr&hette,  a  French-Canadian 
poet,     15    5964-70;    SuUy-Prudhomme,    a    scholarly   and    thoughtful    poet,    36 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dlHi 

14209-20 ;  Desjardins,  a  notable  religious  thinker  and  writer,  1 1  4596-608 ;  Zola, 
a  novelist  of  immense  fertility  and  power,  39  16283-324;  Rambaud,  an  eminent 
French  educator  and  historical  writer,  30  12041-60. 

Third  Week. —  H6redia,  a  famous  writer  of  sonnets,  18  7277-84;  Copp6e, 
author  of  poems,  novels,  and  plays,  10  4045-64;  Mendes,  famous  author  of 
short  stories  and  sketches,  25  9900-14;  Verlaine,  a  poet  of  strange  but  great 
genius,  38  15313-22;  France,  novelist,  essayist,  and  critic  of  distinction,  15 
5909-18;  Deroulede,  famous  author  of  <  Songs  of  the  Soldier,>  1 1  4580-84;  Vogiie, 
an  ethical  and  religious  writer,  38  15439-48;  Darmesteter,  a  French  Oriental- 
ist of  great  distinction,   1 1  4379-84. 

Fourth  Week. —  Brunetiere,  celebrated  literary  critic  and  review  editor, 
6  2603-12;  Maupassant,  poet  and  novelist,  25  9803-27;  Loti,  a  novelist  and 
poet,  23  9203-15;  Bourget,  notable  author  of  biographical  studies  and,  novels, 
5  2252-62;  Lemaitre,  a  critic,  essayist,  and  novelist  of  distinction,  22  8963- 
76;  Rod,  author  of  markedly  realistic  novels,  31  12335-44;  Jasmin,  a  modem 
Provengal  poet,  20  8187-207;  Mistral,  a  great  Provengal  poet  of  our  time,  25 
10097-109. 


SWEDISH  — DANISH    LITERATURE 

MAY 

First  Week. —  Swedenborg,  religious  initiator,  36  14237-58;  Linnaeus, 
notable  European  scientist,  23  9077-90;  Dalin,  father  of  modem  Swedish 
poetry,  to  4278-84;  Bellman,  author  of  lyric  poems  and  songs,  4  1763-72; 
Tegner,  a  chief  Swedish  poet,  36  14563-80;  Atterbom,  one  of  the  gfreatest 
lyric  poets  of  Sweden,  2  933-42. 

Second  Week. —  Almquist,  author  of  romances,  lyrics,  epics,  and  dramas, 
I  439-46;  Fredrika  Bremer,  author  of  novels  and  travels,  6  2328-42;  Runeberg, 
the  greatest  name  in  Swedish  literature,  3  2  12495-508 ;  Madame  Emilia  Carlen, 
Swedish  author  of  distinction,  8  3225-30;  Madame  Anne  Edgren,  notable 
author  of  dramas  and  novels,  13  5162-74;  <Kalevala,>  a  g^reat  Finnish  epic,  21 
8443-54. 

Third  Week. —  Danish  Literature, —  Holberg,  the  greatest  of  Scandinavian 
poets,  1 8  7409-44 ;  Ewald,  a  notable  figure  in  Danish  literature  after  Hol- 
berg, 14  5614-26;  Baggesen,  one  of  the  greatest  of  Danish  poets,  3  1235-42; 
Oehlenschlager,  author  of  tragedies  and  poems,  esteemed  the  best  in  Danish 
literature,  2  7  10745-74 ;  Blicher,  popular  author  of  peasant  stories  and  poems, 
5  2064-74;  Ingemann,  the  Danish  Walter  Scott,   20  7982-90. 

Fourth  Week. —  Hertz,  Danish  author  of  <  King  Rene's  Daughter,*  18 
7317-25;  Andersen,  famous  author  of  wonder  tales  and  fairy  dramas,  2  500-39; 
Faludan-Miiller,  author  of  poems,  plays,  and  tales,  28  11017-24;  Brandes,  a 
Danish  literary  critic  of  great  distinction  and  influence,  5  2299-2310;  Drach- 
mann,  author  of  poems,  dramas,  and  novels,   12  4840-50. 


dliv  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 

NORWEGIAN— ICELANDIC— CHINESE— JAPANESE- 
INDIAN   LITERATURE 

JUNE 

First  Week. — Welhaven,  a  critic  and  poet,  38  15779-89;  Wergeland,  author 
of  a  lyrical  drama,  38  15779;  Asbjornsen,  a  Norwegian  scientist  and  famous 
collector  of  folk  tales  and  legends,  2  905-16;  Ibsen,  author  of  social  dramas 
and  dramatic  poems,  20  7839-64;  Bjornson,  author  of  tales,  plays,  and  novels, 
5   1959-82. 

Second  Week. —  Lie,  author  of  famous  novels  and  stories  of  the  sea,  2  3 
9048-58;  Boyesen,  author  of  stories,  tales,  and  criticisms,  5  2272-78;  Kielland, 
author  of  novels  of  boldly  progressive  tendency,  2  i  8565-72 ;  Garborg,  famous 
novelist  representing  extreme  radicalism,  15  6185-94;  Nansen,  famous  Arctic 
explorer,  27  10555-64. 

Icelandic  Literature, —  Arnason,  famous  author  of  collections  of  Icelandic 
tales  and  legends,   2  802-12. 

Third  Week. —  Chinese  Literature,  9  3629-48. 

Japanese   Literature,   20  8145-86. 

Fourth  Week. —  Indian  Literature,  20  7905-67;  45  415-17;  Pilpay,  29 
11437-86;  Indian  Epigrams,  41  16989-95;  Kalidasa,  the  Shakespeare  of  Sanskrit 
Literature,  21  8455-76;  Jayadeva,  a  noted  Sanskrit  poet,  20  8208-14;  Baber, 
Emperor  of  India  and  author  of  <  Memoirs,  >  3  1 141-48;  Tom  Dutt,  a  recent 
young  native  poetess  of  India,-  i  3  5075-83. 


THIRD  YEAR 


ENGLISH   LITERATURE 

OCTOBER 

First  Week. —  Anglo-Saxon  Literature,  2  543-73;  Csedmon,  earliest  poet, 
2  547,  552,  572;  45  361;  Bede,  famous  early  scholar,  educator,  historian,  2  545, 
555,  556;  45  360;  Alfred  the  Great,  i  389-98;  2555-56;  Alfric,  author  of  <Homi- 
lies,>  2  556-57. 

Second  Week. —  Celtic  Literature,  8  3403-50;  Aneurin's  <Gododin,>  2  539-42; 
<Ossian,>  27  10865-84;  the  Mabinogion,  23  9373-80;  the  Arthurian  Legends,  2 
886-904;  Sir  Thomas  Malory's  <Morte  d'Arthur,*  24  9645-54. 

Third  Week. —  The  Legend  of  the  Holy  Grail,  19  7515-50;  the  Ballad,  3 
1305-47;  <  English  and  Scottish  Ballads,^  44  299;  Folk-Song,  15  5853-77;  Myths 
and  Folk-Lore,  26  10522-42;  Gesta  Romanorum,  16  6261-70;  Bestiaries,  4 
1852-60;  <  Physiologus,*  44   61. 

Fourth  Week. —  Roger  Bacon,  founder  of  English  science  in  1267  A.  D., 
4  5    475;   Sir   John    Mandeville,   author  of  book   of  travels,  24   9655-63;  John 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dlv 

Wyclif,  great  English  scholar,  Bible  translator,  and  reformer,  39  16235-42; 
Langland,  poet  of  the  people's  protest  against  priests  and  princes,  43  326;  45 
402;  Chaucer  and  Gower,  great  English  poets,  9  3551-600;  16  6579;  Dunbar 
and  Barclay,  Scotch  poets,  12  5064-68;  4  1496-502;  Sir  Thomas  More,  famous 
author  of  <  Utopia, >  26  10295-303;  Juliana  Berners,  first  English  woman  author, 
4  1834-36. 


NOVEMBER 
ENGLISH  LITERA  TURE—  Continued 

First  Week.— Wyatt,  court  poet  of  Henry  VIII.,  39  16230-34;  Ascham,  a 
noted  educator,  2  916-23;  Holinshed,  author  of  famous  <  Chronicles, >  19  7445- 
50;  Spenser,  eminent  Elizabethan  poet,  35  i375i-7i;  Hakluyt,  great  writer  on 
voyages  to  America,  17  6807-20;  Peele,  dramatist  and  lyric  poet,  28  11258-62; 
Hooker,  famous  divine  and  prose  writer,  42  272;  45  367;  Sidney,  celebrated 
soldier  and  poet,  34  13385-98;  Lodge,  Chapman,  and  Drayton,  poets  of  note, 
23  9139;  9  3523;  12  4877. 

Second  Week. —  Greene,  early  dramatist,  42  232;  Bacon,  famous  essayist 
and  philosopher,  3  1155;  42  34;  Marlowe,  dramatist  of  note,  24  9714-28; 
Shakespeare,  the  world's  greatest  dramatist,  33  13167-264;  45  380-402; 
Campion,  author  of  songs,  8  3184-88;  Dekker  and  Aytoun,  lyric  poets,  11 
4521-27;  3   1106-09;  Donne,  poet  and  divine,   12  4771-78. 

Third  Week. —  Ben  Jonson,  famous  dramatist,  21  8341-60;  Webster, 
author  of  great  tragedies,  38  15758-68;  Burton,  noted  prose  writer,  7  2904-08; 
Massinger,  dramatist,  25  9797-802;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  famous  dramatists, 
4  1674-98;  Selden,  a  great  lawyer  and  wit,  33  13099-110;  Drummond,  Wither, 
and  Herrick,  poets,  12  4913;  39  16123;  18  7307;  Ford,  dramatist,  15  5889-94; 
Hobbes,  philosopher,  18  7381-88;  Browne,  Herbert,  and  Carew,  poets,  6  2511; 
18  7252;  8   3221;  Walton,  author  of  <The  Complete  Angler,^  38   15601-22. 

Fourth  Week. —  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  6  2473-510;  Waller,  poet  first  using 
style  of  a  new  school,  38  15555-64;  Milton,  the  great  Puritan  poet  and  famous 
prose  writer,  25  10037-76;  Suckling,  poet  of  gay  lyrics,  35  14155;  Fuller, 
historian  and  biographer,  15  6129-36;  Clarendon,  noted  historian,  9  3737-44; 
Butler,  satirist  of  the  Puritans,  7  2927-34;  Jeremy  Taylor,  famous  divine,  36 
14551;  Cowley  and  Marvell,  poets,  10  4089;  24  9770;  Evelyn,  famous  diarist, 
14  5591;  Vaughan,  poet,  37  15257- 


DECEMBER 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Bunyan,  7  2747-66;  Dryden,  eminent  poet,  12  4919-50; 
Locke,  philosopher,  23  9105-10;  Pepys,  famous  diarist,  28  11283-304;  Sir 
Isaac  Newton,  27  10619-26;  Hamilton,  author  of  < Memoirs,*  17  6913-24;  Defoe, 
II  4479-512;  Prior,  lyric  poet,  30  11837;  Arbuthnot,  satirist,  2  722;  Swift, 
famous  satirist  and  political  writer,  36  14259-88;  Congreve,  dramatist,  10  3945; 


dlvi  OUTLINE   SURVEY   OF  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Steele  and  Addison,  famous  essayists,  35  13875-98;  i  148-71;  Watts,  author 
of  hymns,  38  15717;    Young,  religious  poet,  39  16277;    Berkeley,  philosopher, 

4  1801-08;  Gay,  author  of  <Fables,>  15  6237;  Ramsay,  pastoral  poet,  30  12061. 

Second  Week. —  Pope,  famous  poet,  30  11711-56;  Montagu,  author  of 
Letters,  26  10217;  Richardson,  father  of  the  English  novel,  31  12225;  Ches- 
terfield, author  of  Letters,  9  3625;  Thomson,  Scottish  poet,  37  14851-64;  John 
and  Charles  Wesley,  famous  founders  of  Methodism,  38  15790-818;  Fielding, 
famous  novelist,  14  5693-731;  Samuel  Johnson,  great  scholar  and  writer,  21 
8283-316;  Hume,  historian  and  philosopher,  19  7777-90;  Sterne,  humorist,  35 
13899-926;  Shenstone  and  Gray,  poets,  34  13307;  16  6623;  Walpole,  author 
of  Letters,  38  15565;  Foote,  dramatist,  15  5878;  Gilbert  White,  naturalist,  39 
15867;  Smollett,  humorous  novelist,  34  13575;  Akenside,  poet,  i  252;  Gold- 
smith, 16  6501-32. 

Third  Week. —  Adam  Smith,  famous  economist,  34  13519-36;  Burke,  ora- 
tor and  statesman,  7  2779-808;  Cowper,  poet,  10  4107;  Colman,  dramatist,  10 
3901;  Gibbon,  famous  historian,  16  6271-332;  Boswell,  notable  biographer,  5 
2227;  Young,  writer  on  agriculture,  39  16261;  Mrs.  Barbauld,  4  148 1 ;  Dibdin, 
dramatist  and  song  writer,  11  4620;  Grattan,  famous  orator,  16  6615;  Bentham, 
philosopher,  4  1773;  Sheridan,  author  of  comedies,  34  13317-62;  Chatterton, 
poet,    9    3539;    Burney,    novelist,  7    2817;  Crabbe   and  Blake,  poets,   10  41 17; 

5  2041 ;  Beckford,  story  writer,  4  1699 ;  Robert  Burns,  7  2833-66 ;  Wollstone- 
craft,  noted  woman  writer,  39  16129-44;  Joanna  Baillie,  dramatist  of  note,  3 
1253-71;  Rogers,  London  poet,  31  12345;  Lady  Naime,  fine  Scottish  poet,  27 
10543;  D'Israeli,    12  4725. 

Fourth  Week. —  Edgeworth,  novelist,  13  5151;  Canning,  orator-statesman, 
8  3189;  Hogg,  Scotch  poet,  18  7403;  Wordsworth,  noted  poet,  39  16193-229; 
Scott,  great  popular  novelist,  33  12995-3082;  Sydney  Smith,  thinker  and  wit, 
3  4  13556;  Coleridge  and  Southey,  noted  poets,  9  3843-70;  35  13677;  Austen, 
famous  woman  novelist,  3  1045-79;  Lamb,  delightful  humorist,  22  8817-44; 
Landor,  able  prose  writer,  22  8861-79;  Campbell,  Scottish  poet,  8  3159-83; 
Hallam,  historical  writer,  17  6853;  Hazlitt,  essayist  and  critic,  18  7115;  Moore, 
popular  Irish  poet,  26  10271-94;  Morier,  story  writer,  26  10304;  Croly,  novel- 
ist and  poet,   10  4197. 

JANUARY 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Ferrier,  novelist,  14  5649;  Heber,  religious  poet,  18  7153; 
Hunt,  essayist,  i  9  7791 ;  Wilson,  noted  essayist,  3  9  16032 ;  De  Quincey,  essay- 
ist, II  4555;  Peacock,  humorous  novelist,  28  11223;  Mitford,  story  writer,  25 
10143;  Procter  and  Byron,  noted  poets,  30  11849;  7  2935-3000;  Hook,  humor- 
ist, 19  7613;  Barham,  humorist,  4  1503;  DeVere,  poet,  11  4609;  Shelley,  poet 
of  great  genius,  34  13265-306;  Keble,  religious  poet,  21  8513;  Bowring,  hymn 
writer  and  verse  translator,  5  2263;  Marryat,  novelist,   24  9737-49. 

Second  Week. —  Maginn,  essayist,  2  4  9564 ;  Hemans,  poet,  i  8  7229 ;  Lock- 
hart,  critic  and  biographer,  23  9125;  Grote,  eminent  historian,  17  6745;  Keats, 
poet,  21  8497-512;  Carlyle,  eminent  essayist  and  historian,  8  3231;  Haliburton, 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES   OF   INTEREST  dlvii 

famous  humorist,  17  6848;  Motherwell,  26  10365;  Lover,  Irish  story  writer,  23 
9216;  Banim,  John  and  Michael,  stories  of  Irish  life,  4  1458;  Hood,  noted  hu- 
morist and  poet,   19  7589;  Macaulay,  eminent  EngHsh  historian,   24  9381.  . 

Third  Week.— Barnes,  a  dialect  poet,  4  1563;  Taylor,  dramatist,  36 
14539;  Newman,  noted  preacher  and  religious  writer,  27  10597;  Praed,  society 
poet,  30  1 1757;  Griffin,  author  of  Irish  stories,  17  6699;  Mangan,  Irish  poet, 
24  9664;  Jerrold,  dramatist"  and  humorist,  21  8257;  Bulwer-Lytton,  novelist 
and  dramatist,  6  2697;  Borrow,  story  writer,  5  2175;  Home,  poet,  19  7641; 
O'Mahony,  Irish  essayist,  27  10845;  Beaconsfield,  novelist  and  statesman,  4 
1633;  Maurice,  religious  writer,  25  9828;  Martineau,  eminent  liberal  thinker, 
24  9759;  Lever,  Irish  novelist,  23  9025;  Mill,  eminent  thinker,  25  10007; 
Turner,  poet,  36   14638. 

Fourth  Week. —  Mrs.  Browning,  notable  woman  poet,  6  2523;  Darwin, 
eminent  scientist,  11  4385-434;  Fitzgerald,  poet  and  translator,  14  5797-814; 
Kinglake,  historian,  21  8599;  Tennyson,  English  poet,  36  14581-637;  Glad- 
stone, eminent  statesman  and  writer,  16  6359-72;  Gaskell,  novelist,  15  6205; 
Brown,  story  writer  and  essayist,  6  2437-60;  Thackeray,  very  eminent  novel- 
ist, 36  14663-732;  Bright,  orator  and  statesman,  6  2354-64;  Dickens,  great 
novelist,  11  4625-88;  Macleod,  popular  editor  and  story  writer,  24  9495-502; 
Robert  Browning,  6  2557. 


FEBRUARY 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Reade,  popular  novelist,  31  12103;  Trollope,  eminent  novel- 
ist, 37  15031-56;  Robertson,  noted  liberal  preacher,  31  12305;  Bronte,  novelist, 
6  2381-416;  Bailey,  poet,  3   1243;  Lewes,  scientist  and  biographer,   23  9037. 

Second  Week. —  Froude,  eminent  historian,  15  6059;  Clough,  radical  poet, 
9  3821-42;  Kingsley,  novelist  and  poet,  22  861 1;  George  Eliot,  philosophical 
novelist  and  poet,  13  5359-420;  Ruskin,  noted  art  writer,  32  12509-62;  Tyndall, 
famous  scientist,  37  15141;  Spencer,  eminent  philosopher,  35  13707-50;  Buckle, 
noted  historical  writer,  6  2673-88;  Burton,  famous  explorer,  7  2883;  Baker, 
African  explorer,  3  1277;  Locker-Lampson,  society  poet,  23  91 11. 

Third  Week. —  Maine,  writer  on  law,  2  4  9605 ;  Matthew  Arnold,  poet, 
critic,  and  essayist,  2  844-85;  Cupples,  author  of  sea  stories,  10  4208-20;  Wallace, 
scientist  and  explorer,  38  15517;  Galton,  scientist,  15  6174;  Freeman,  eminent 
historian,  15  5977;  Hughes,  story  writer,  19  7695;  Patmore,  poet,  28  11 179; 
Goldwin  Smith,  eminent  liberal  thinker,  34  13537-55;  Max  Miiller,  noted 
Orientalist,  2  6  10425 ;  Dobell,  poet  and  thinker,  1 2  4733 ;  Wilkie  Collins,  novel- 
ist, 9  3879;  Macdonald,  novelist,  24  9455;  Procter,  author  of  lyrics,  30  11849; 
Edersheim,  biblical  scholar  and  writer,  13  5 145 ;  Huxley,  eminent  scientist,  i  9 
7805;  Stubbs,  great  scholar  in  history,  35   14139. 

Fourth  Week. —  Blackmore,  novelist,  5  201 1;  Bagehot,  noted  economist,  3 
1203;  Buckland,  popular  science  writer,  6  2661;  Craik,  novelist,  10  4123;  Ros- 
setti,  poet  of  note,  31  124 11-34;  AUingham,  poet,  i  428;  Oliphant,  novelist 
and  historical  writer,  27  10819;  George  Meredith,  novelist,  25  9915. 


dlviii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL 

MARCH 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Miss  Rossetti,  religious   poet,  31    12397-410;  Ingelow,  poet, 

2  o  7968 ;  McCarthy,  novelist  and  historian,  2  4  9440 ;  Calverley,  verse  writer 
and  translator,  7  3107;  Owen  Meredith,  poet,  23  9348;  Farrar,  noted  preacher, 
14  5627;  Harrison,  critic  and  essayist,  17  6975;  Carroll,  author  of  wonder 
tales,  8  3307;  Edwin  Arnold,  poet  and  editor,  2  819;  Hamerton,  art  writer, 
17  6875;  Du  Maurier,  novelist  and  comic  journalist,  12  5041;  Shorthouse, 
novelist,  34  13363;  Morris,  noted  poet,  26  10337;  Baring-Gould,  4  1529-42; 
Lubbock,  scientist,  23   9279. 

Second  Week. —  Gilbert,  humorous  writer,  1 6  6333 ;  Green,  philosophical 
writer,  1 7  6683 ;  J.  R.  Green,  historian,  1 7.  6663 ;  Swinburne,  eminent  poet,  3  6 
14289;  Braddon,  novelist,  5  2279;  Besant,  novelist,  4  1837;  Bryce,  historical 
writer,  6  2643;  Lecky,  eminent  historian,  22  8929;  Morley,  essayist  and  bio- 
grapher, 26   10323;  Mrs.  Ritchie,  novelist,  31   12273. 

Third  Week. —  Mahaffy,  historical  writer,  24  9569;  Pater,  noted  critic  and 
essayist,  28  11157;  Symonds,  historical  writer,  36  14337;  Thomas  Hardy, 
novelist,  17  6933;  Dobson,  poet,  12  4741;  Ouida,  novelist,  27  10885;  Black, 
novelist,  5  1983 ;  Dowden,  literary  essayist  and  critic,  1 2  4806 ;  Myers,  noted 
essayist,  26  10511;  Lang,  verse,  novel,  and  essay  writer,  22  8880;  Russell, 
author  of  sea  stories,   32   12563;  Mathilde  Blind,  novelist,   5  2075. 

Fourth  Week. —  Norris,  novelist,  2  7  10685 ;  Jefferies,  author  of  essays  and 
stories,  20  8215;  Allen,  novelist  and  essayist,  i  399;  Balfour,  philosophical 
essayist,  3  1287;  Gosse,  poet  and  essayist,  16  6565;  Henley,  poet  and  essayist, 
I  8  7236 ;  Mallock,  essayist  and  novelist,  2  4  9623 ;   Stevenson,  popular  novelist, 

3  5  13927-76;  Birrell,  essayist,  4  1898;  Watson,  story  writer,  38  15692;  Drum- 
mond,  essayist,  12  4897;  Ward,  novelist,  38  15641;  Caine,  novelist,  7  3067; 
Wm.  Watson,  poet,  38  15705;  Robinson,  poet  and  essayist,  31  12315;  Doyle, 
novelist,  12  4815;  Woods,  story  writer,  39  16153;  Barrie,  novelist,  4  1571; 
Roberts,  story  writer  and  poet,  31  12295;  Parker,  novelist,  28  11047;  Quiller- 
Couch,  essayist  and  novelist,  30  11947;  Schreiner,  story  writer,  33  12957;  Kip- 
ling, novelist  and  poet,  22  8633. 


SCOTCH    LITERATURE 
APRIL 

First  Week. —  Barbour,  poet  of  ancient  Scotland,  42  42;  John  Knox, 
great  Scottish  reformer,  43  310;  Home,  Scottish  dramatist,  42  271;  Mungo 
Park,  explorer  in  Africa,  43  416;  Thomas  Chalmers,  noted  pulpit  orator,  42 
loi ;  Mrs.  Somerville,  famous  scientist,  43  499;  McCuUoch,  noted  political  econ- 
omist, 43  358;  Alison,  historian,  42  14. 

Second  Week. — Murchison,  noted  geologist,  4  3  397 ;  Robert  Chambers, 
author  of  <  Vestiges  of  Creation, >  42  loi ;  Fergusson,  historian  of  architecture, 
42   183;  Bonar,  hymn  writer,  42  67;  Blackie,  famous  scholar  and  educator,  42 


TOPICS   AND  CHIEF  LINES   OF   INTEREST  dHx 

6i;  Bain,  eminent  writer  on  philosophy,  42  37;  Shairp,  essayist  and  critic,  43 
491;  Muir,  eminent  Orientalist,  43  394;  Stewart,  physicist  of  distinction,  43 
506;  Geikie,  eminent  geologist,  42  212;  Robertson  Smith,  eminent  scholar  and 
writer,   43  499. 

RUSSIAN  LITERATURE 

Third  Week. —  Kantemir  and  Lomonossov,  fathers  of  Russian  writing, 
43  297,  348;  Fonvizin,  author  of  comedies,  42  194;  Krylov,  popular  author  of 
fables,  43  316;  Kotliarevsky,  founder  of  Little  Russian  Literature,  43  313; 
Zogoskin,  novelist  known  as  the  Russian  Walter  Scott,  43  598;  Pushkin,  great 
Russian  poet  and  dramatist,  30  11904-24;  Gogol,  author  of  novels  and  come- 
dies of  the  highest  character,   16  6455. 

Fourth  Week. —  Gonchardf  a  great  novelist,  16  6533;  Lermontov,  cele- 
brated poet,  43  337;  Turgeneff,  brilliant  novelist,  37  15057;  Dostoevsky, 
novelist  of  the  highest  distinction,  12  4779;  Maikov,  the  most  noted  of  living 
Russian  poets,  4  3  363 ;  Tolstoy,  the  great  humanist  of  Russian  fiction,  3  7 
14985-15030;  Russian  lyric  poetry,  32  12583-608. 


POLISH  — DUTCH  — FLEMISH   LITERATURE 

MAY 

First  Week. —  Krasicki,  the  « Polish  Voltaire, »  43  314;  Zablocki,  the  crea- 
tor of  Polish  comedy,  4  3  592 ;  Mickiewicz,  greatest  of  Polish  poets,  2  5  9995 ; 
Slowacki,  the  Polish  Byron,  34  13508;  Krasinski,  a  poet  of  great  power,  22 
8735;  Sienkiewicz,  author  of  magnificent  historical  novels,  34  13399. 

Second  Week. —  The  Dutch  poet.  Cats,  8  3353;  Hooft,  father  of  Dutch 
poetry,  19  7610;  Vondel,  great  Dutch  poet,  38  15491;  Spinoza,  eminent  Jew 
philosopher,  35  13785;  Bilderdijk,  famous  Dutch  poet,  4  1884-92;  Kampen, 
Dutch  scholar  of  vast  learning,  43  296;  Limburg-Brouwer,  father  and  son, 
scholarly  writers  of  great  distinction,  43  343;  Dekker,  story  writer  of  note,  11 
4513;  Maartens,  very  successful  novelist,   23  9357-72. 

Third  Week. —  Maerlant,  father  of  Dutch  poetry,  of  Flemish  connection, 
4  3  361 ;  Mercator,  celebrated  Flemish  geographer,  4  3  379 ;  ficrevisse,  noted 
Flemish  novelist,  42  162;  Jenneval,  French-Belgian  poet,  author  of  Belgian 
national  hymn,  42  289;  Blommaert,  Flemish  poet  and  historian,  42  63; 
Laurent,  Belgian  jurist  and  writer  on  law,  43  329. 

Fourth  Week. —  Henri  Conscience,  the  Flemish  Walter  Scott,  10  3957-72; 
Kerkhoven,  a  notable  popular  author  of  novels,  dramas,  and  poems,  43  302; 
Greyson,  poet,  essayist,  and  educator,  42  233;  Geiregat,  notably  successful 
author  of  stories  and  plays  reflecting  Flemish  life,  42  212;  Cort,  a  Flemish 
Burns,  42  121;  Eekhoud,  novelist  and  poet,  13  5189-214;  Maeterlinck,  poet, 
novelist,  and  essayist,  24  9541-63. 


dlx  OUTLINE  SURVEY  OF  THE   PRINCIPAL 

AUSTRIAN— HUNGARIAN— BOHEMIAN 
LITERATURE 

JUNE 

First  Week. —  Littrow,  Austrian  scientist,  4  3  345 ;  Ziegler,  poet  of  nota- 
ble genius,  43  596;  Miklosich,  eminent  Slavic  philologist,  43  382;  Ambros, 
noted  musical  historian,  42  16;  Kremer,  Orientalist  of  distinction,  43  315; 
Hameriing,  eminent  popular  poet,  42  246;  Sacher-Masoch,  notable  novelist, 
4  3  475;  Scherer,  literary  historian  of  distinction,  43  483. 

Second  Week. —  Sandor  Kisfaludy,  first  great  Hungarian  poet,  43  307; 
Kdroly  Kisfaludy,  father  of  Hungarian  drama,  43  306;  Katona,  author  of  the 
finest  of  Hungarian  tragedies.  43  298;  Jdsika,  novelist  notable  for  realism, 
42  293;  Vorosmarty,  famous  national  poet,  43  552;  Liszt,  great  pianist  and 
composer,  43   345. 

Third  Week. —  Eotvos,  poet,  novelist,  and  statesman  of  the  highest  dis- 
tinction, 14  5484;  Beck,  author  of  fine  poems,  romances,  and  tales,  42  49; 
Arany,  noted  poet  and  translator,  42  22;  Petofi,  Hungary's  greatest  poet,  29 
11347;  Madach,  Hungary's  greatest  dramatist,  24  9515;  Jokai,  the  greatest  of 
Hungarian  authors,   2 1  8331. 

Fourth  Week. —  Bohemian  Litherature, —  Dobrovsky,  eminent  literary  critic 
and  philologist,  42  147;  KolMr,  noted  Panslavist  poet,  43  311;  Palacky,  Bo- 
hemian historian,  43  413;  Hlinka,  popular  novelist,  42  266;  Havlicek,  a 
noted  «new  Czech»  writer,  42  253;  Gindely,  famous  historian,  42  218;  Jera- 
bek,  famous  author  of  tragedies,  42  289;  Cech,  the  most  popular  Bohemian 
poet,  42   100. 


FOURTH  YEAR 


GERMAN   LITERATURE 
OCTOBER 

First  Week. — <The  Nibelungenlied,>  27  10627-56;  Eginhard,  a  German 
scholar  under  Alcuin,  42  165;  Heinrich  von  Veldecke,  early  poet,  42  258; 
Eschenbach,  a  famous  early  poet,  42  172;  Hartmann  von  Aue,  notable  early 
poet,  42  251;  Albertus  Magnus,  famous  schoolman,  42  10;  Gottfried  von 
Strassburg,  notable  poet,  42  227;  Walther  von  der  Vogelweide,  Germany's 
greatest  lyric  poet  before  Goethe,  38   15580-600. 

Second  Week. —  Tauler,  famous  early  preacher,  43  516;  Thomas  ^  Kempis, 
author  of  the  <  Imitation  of  Christ.*  ai  8529;  Reuchlin,  noted  scholar  and 
reformer,  44  244;  Brandt,  popular  satirist,  5  231 1;  Luther,  famous  reformer 
and  Bible  translator,  23  9319;  Hutten,  poet,  satirist,  and  reformer,  44  244; 
Sachs,  great  popular  poet,  32  12609;  Fleming,  lyric  poet  of  note,  14  5844;  Leib- 
nitz, eminent  thinker,  43  333;  Mosheim,  church  historian  of  distinction,  43  393. 


TOPICS  AND  CHIEF  LINES  OP  INTEREST  dlxi 

Third  Week. —  Bodmer,  a  new  era  German  writer,  5  2128;  Wilhelmine, 
noted  woman  of  genius,  39  15969;  Klopstock,  a  new  era  poet,  22  8691;  Kant, 
greatest  of  modern  philosophers,  2 1  8477 ;  Lessing,  critic  and  new  era  thinker, 
23  9005;  Wieland,  humanist  poet  of  great  influence,  39  i5954;  Raspe,  <  Baron 
Munchausen, >  43  396,  451. 

Fourth  Week.— Herder,  a  notable  thinker,  18  7259;  Biirger,  noted  poet  of 
naturalism,  7  2767;  Holty,  lyric  poet,  19  7505;  Goethe,  Germany's  greatest 
poet  and  representative  genius,  16  6385-454;  Schiller,  great  dramatist,  33 
12877;  Wolf,  famous  classical  scholar,  43  582;  Heeren,  eminent  historian,  42 
257;  Paulus,  Orientalist  and  biblical  scholar,  43  420. 


NOVEMBER 

GERMAN  LITER  A  TURE  —  Continued 

First  Week.— Fichte,  eminent  educator,  thinker,  and  patriot,  14  5673; 
Richter,  liberal  thinker,  31  12247;  Wilhelm  Humboldt,  noted  scholar  and 
critic,  42  278;  A.  W.  Schlegel,  noted  OrientaUst,  critic,  and  translator,  43 
484;  Schleiermacher,  famous  liberal  thinker,  43  484;  Beethoven,  great  composer, 
4  1749;  Alexander  von  Humboldt,  unsurpassed  scientist,  19  7768;  Arndt,  poet  of 
patriotism,  2  813;  Hegel,  famous  philosopher,   18  7161. 

Second  Week.—  Novalis,  poet-thinker,  2  7  10724 ;  Schlegel,  critic  of  litera- 
ture, 33  1 291 3;  Tieck,  story-teller,  poet,  critic,  and  essayist,  37  14943;  Schel- 
ling,  one  of  the  leading  German  philosophers,  i  8  7162 ;  Hoffmann,  noted  author 
of  stories,  18  7389;  Niebuhr,  eminent  historical  writer,  27  10657;  Gorres, 
great  journalist,  scholar,  and  writer,  42  226;  Becker,  popular  historical  writer, 
42  49. 

Third  Week. —  Kleist,  popular  patriotic  poet,  22  8665;  Fouque,  celebrated 
romancer,  15  5895;  Savigny,  great  writer  on  law,  43  481;  Chamisso,  poet  and 
stor>'-teller,  9  3503 ;  Froebel,  noted  educator,  1 5  6022 ;  Grimm  Brothers,  famous 
collections  of  tales  and  legends,  1 7  6733 ;  Kerner,  notable  author  of  songs, 
4  3  302. 

Fourth  Week. —  Elisabeth  Brentano,  6  2348;  Uhland,  very  popular  poet, 
37  15 1 85;  Eichendorff,  famous  lyric  poet,  13  5345;  Schopenhauer,  the  latest  of 
great  German  philosophers,  33  12923;  Riickert,  a  noted  humanist  thinker,  31 
12457;  Neander,  church  historian  of  note,  43  402;  Hey,  author  of  popular 
<  Fables,  >  42  263. 

DECEMBER 

GERMAN  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Komer,  poet-soldier  of  German  nationality,  22  8725;  Ritter, 
philosophical  writer,  43  460;  Grillparzer,  greatest  of  Austrian-German  poets, 
17  6714;  Baur,  eminent  biblical  scholar,  42  47;  Miiller,  lyric  poet,  father  of 
Max  Miiller,  26  10442;  Zunz,  noted  Jewish  writer,  43  599;  Ranke,  eminent 
historical  writer,  30  12074;  Platen,  notable  poet  and  dramatist,  29  11513. 
36 


dlxii  OUTLINE   SURVEY  OP  THE    PRINCIPAL 

Second  Week. —  Immermann,  famous  novelist  and  dramatist,  20  7896; 
Meinhold,  noted  story-teller,  2  5  9853 ;  Heine,  brilliant  poet  and  thinker,  1 8 
7185;  Hoffmann,  poet  and  philologist,  42  268;  Dollinger,  eminent  liberal 
Catholic,  42  149;  Lassen,  Orientalist  of  distinction,  43  328;  Moltke,  famous 
military  authority,  4  3  387 ;  Hauff ,  a  fine  story-teller,   1 7  7014. 

Third  Week. —  Liebig,  noted  author  on  chemistry,  4  3  342 ;  Morike,  a  fa- 
mous lyric  poet,  26  10318;  Gervinus,  noted  Shakespeare  critic,  42  214; 
Strauss,  biblical  scholar  of  extreme  radical  views,  35  14107;  Weil,  historian  of 
Mohammedanism,  43  566;  Mendelssohn,  musical  composer  and  author,  25 
9886;  Reuter,  great  novelist,  31   12195. 

Fourth  Week. —  Freiligrath,  ardently  radical  poet,  15  6002;  Auerbach, 
noted  novelist,  3  961 ;  Wagner,  musical  composer  and  writer  of  the  highest 
distinction,  38  15499;  Luise  Miihlbach,  popular  novelist,  43  394;  Dingelstedt, 
novelist  and  dramatist,  12  4704;  Curtius,  eminent  historian,  10  4241;  Zeller, 
eminent  historian  of  Greek  philosophy,  43   595. 


JANUARY 
GERMAN  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Geibel,  poet  and  scholar,  1 5  6248 ;  Bismarck,  statesman 
and  political  author,  5  1929;  Freytag,  novelist  and  dramatist  of  foremost  rank, 
15  6011;  Gneist,  famous  jurist,  42  221;  Storm,  famous  novelist  and  poet,  35 
14039;  Sybel,  historical  writer,  43  512;  Mommsen,  Germany's  greatest  scholar 
in  history,   26   10206. 

Second  Week. —  Marx,  great  socialist  writer,  43  371;  44  12;  Du  Bois-Rey- 
mond,  eminent  scientist,  42  153;  Hesekiel,  journalist  and  biographer,  42  262; 
Keller,  story  writer,  21  8518;  Bodenstedt,  Orientalist  and  novelist,  5  21 16; 
Gregorovius,  noted  historian,  42  232;  Virchow,  famous  medical  scientist,  43 
549;  Schliemann,  famous  explorer  in  Greece,  43  484;  Gottschall,  novelist,  poet, 
and  critic,   16  6571. 

Third  Week. —  Fischer,  brilliant  scholar  in  philosophy  and  literature,  14 
5766;  Lassalle,  eminent  Socialist  writer,  43  328;  Keim,  noted  biblical  scholar, 
4  2  299 ;  Meyer,  Germany's  greatest  novelist,  2  5  9965 ;  Scheffel,  immensely 
popular  novelist,  32  12837;  Herman  Grimm,  a  foremost  German  author,  17 
6723;  Spielhagen,  novelist  of  great  note,  35  13772;  Heyse,  poet  and  novelist, 
1 8  7333 ;  Haeckel,  eminent  scientist,   1 7  6781. 

Fourth  Week. —  Dahn,  noted  novelist  and  dramatist,  10  4267;  Wilbrandt, 
notably  successful  dramatist,  43  575;  Ebers,  historical  novelist,  13  5091;  Hoist, 
historical  writer,  19  7496;  Ambrosius,  a  peasant  woman  author  of  rare  genius, 
I  446;  Sudermann,  novelist  and  dramatist  of  great  distinction,  35  14163; 
Hauptmann,  dramatist  of  g^eat  power,  1 7  7025. 


TOPICS   AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dlxiii 

AMERICAN  LITERATURE 
FEBRUARY 

First  Week.— Bradford,  historian  of  Pilgrim  Fathers,  42  72;  Edwards, 
famous  divine,  13  5175:  Franklin,  statesman  and  scientist,  15  5925;  Washing- 
ton, statesman  and  first  President,  38  15665:  Henry,  orator  and  statesman, 
18  7241;  John  Adams,  statesman  and  President,  i  126:  Mrs.  Abigail  Adams, 
I  84;  Paine,  political  writer,  28  10975;  Jefferson,  statesman  and  President, 
21  8229 ;  Madison,  statesman  and  President.   24  9531;  Barlow,  poet,  4   1557. 

Second  Week.— Hamilton,  political  writer,  17  6891;  Wilson,  ornithologist, 
39  16017;  J.  Q.  Adams,  I  134;  Brown,  earliest  American  novelist,  6  2425; 
Wirt,  orator  and  lawyer,  39  16090;  Clay,  orator  and  statesman.  9  3761:  Pauld- 
ing, novelist  and  poet,  28  11195;  Channing,  liberal  divine.  9  3513.  Audubon, 
3  956;  Calhoun,  political  thinker  and  statesman  7  3087.  Webster,  orator  and 
statesman,  38  15725- 

Third  Week. —  Irving,  famous  founder  of  literature.  20  7991:  Dana,  poet 
and  novelist,  11  4285;  Cooper,  famous  novelist.  10  3985;  Halleck,  poet,  17  6861: 
Everett,  orator  and   statesman,   14    5605;    Choate,  orator  and   lawyer,  9  3649 
Bancroft,  famous  historian,  4  1433. 

Fourth  Week.— Bushnell,  liberal  pulpit  orator.  7  2909;  Brownson,  Cathohc 
writer,  6  2594;  Emerson,  eminent  thinker^   poet,   and  essayist.   13  5421;   Haw 
thorne,  greatest  American    novelist,   18    7053;  Willis    poet  and  journalist,   39 
16001;    Simms,    poet   and   novelist,    34    i3445S    Hildreth.    historian,     18    7371 
Agassiz,  eminent  scientist,   i  209;  Longfellow,  great  popular  poet,  23  9143. 


MARCH 

AMERICAN  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. — Whittier,  popular  New  England  poet,  39  15911;  Lincoln, 
orator  and  President,  23  9059;  Poe,  poet  and  critic,  29  11651;  Holmes,  poet, 
novelist,  and  essayist,  19  7457;  Fuller,  noted  woman  author,  15  61 19;  Parker, 
famous  radical  preacher.  28  11073.  Greeley,  famous  journalist,  17  6653;  Sum- 
ner, orator  and  statesman,  36  1422 1 ;  Draper,   scientist,   12  4865. 

Second  Week. —  Phillips,  orator  and  reformer;  29  11409:  Mrs.  Stowe,  35 
14067;  Judd,  novelist,  21  8399;  Beecher.  great  pulpit  orator.  4  1713;  Dwight, 
musical  writer,  13  5084;  Motley,  very  successful  historian.  26  10373;  Dana,  Jr., 
novelist,  1 1  4302 ;  Thoreau  radical  essayist  and  poet,  3  7  14871 ;  Weiss,  liberal 
preacher  and  critic,  38  15769;  Holland,  poet  and  story  writer,   19  7451. 

Third  Week. — Whipple,  essayist  and  critic,  39  15839;  Lowell,  eminent 
poet,  essayist,  critic,  and  publicist,  2  3  9229  ;  Whitman,  very  original  poet,  3  9 
15885;  Parsons,  poet  and  Dante  translator,  28  11 117;  Mrs.  Howe,  notable 
woman  author,  19  7645;  Brownell.  poet,  6  2519;  Sherman,  soldier  and  author 
of  <  Memoirs, >  43  493;  White,  Shakespeare  editor,  39   15876. 

Fourth  Week. —  Read,  poet,  30  12094:  Parton,  journalist  and  biographer, 
28  1 1 123;   Hale,  story  writer,   17  6821;  Johnston,   Southern  novelist,   21  8317; 


dlxiv  OUTLINE    SURVEY   OF   THE    PRINCIPAI 

Mitchell,  popular  essayist  and  story  writer,  25  loiio;  Wasson,  liberal  preacher, 
38  15683;  Boker,  poet,  5  2163;  Parkman,  historical  writer  of  the  highest  dis- 
tinction, 28  1 1087;  Mrs.  E.  B.  Stoddard,  notable  novelist,  35   14013. 


APRIL 

AMERICAN  LITER  A  TURE — Continued 

First  Week. —  Curtis,  noted  editor,  orator,  and  essayist,  10  4221;  Higgin- 
son.  essayist  and  journalist,  18  7351;  Taylor,  poet,  novelist,  author  of  travels, 
and  translator,  36  145 18;  Prime,  essayist  and  editor,  30  11820;  Stoddard,  poet 
and  critic.  35  14029;  Cooke,  poet  and  story  writer,  10  3973;  Norton,  Dante 
scholar  and  critic,  27   10707;  Winthrop,  notable  novelist,  39  16075. 

Second  Week. —  Stillman.  writer  of  travels  and  magazine  papers,  35 
13977;  Timrod,  Southern  poet,  37  14961 ;  Mitchell,  novelist,  25  10123;  Schurz, 
orator  and  journalist,  33  12974;  Godkin,  journalist,  16  6373;  Hayne,  Southern 
poet.  18  71 10;  Alcott  story  -viTiter.  i  282;  Mrs.  Barr.  novelist,  42  43;  Hayes 
Arctic  explorer,  42    254;    H.   H.   Bancroft,  eminent  historical  collector,  42  40. 

Third  Week. —  Baird,  historical  writer.  3  1272;  White,  eminent  educator 
and  historical  writer,  39  15851:  Mulford,  liberal  divine  and  political  thinker, 
26  10415;  Stedman,  poet  and  critic,  35  13857;  Browne,  noted  humorist,  6 
2461:  Stockton,  story  writer,  35  13991;  Brooks,  famous  liberal  divine,  6  2417; 
Mrs.  Spoflford,  novelist  and  poet,  3  5  13805 ;  Tyler,  historian  of  literature,  3  7 
15131:  Clemens,  noted  humorist,  9  3787. 

Fourth  Week. —  Alden.  magazine  editor,  i  303;  Aldrich,  poet  and  novel- 
ist, I  312;  Mrs.  Thaxter.  poet,  37  14760;  Winter,  critic  and  essayist,  39  16061 ; 
Burroughs,  naturalist  and  essayist,  7  2867;  Eggleston,  novelist,  13  5215;  How- 
ells,  novelist,  poet,  and  essayist,  1 9  7653 ;  Hay,  poet  and  historical  writer,  i  8 
7097,  Lounsbury,  eminent  literary  historian,   43  351. 


MAY 

AMERICAN  LITERATURE— Continued 

First  Week. —  Bret  Harte,  novelist  and  poet,  1 7  6985 ;  Mrs.  Dodge,  nota- 
ble writer  for  young  folks,  12  4757,  Miller.  Western  poet,  25  10027;  Sill,  poet, 
34  13439;  Snider,  author  of  travels,  34  13601;  Lanier,  Southern  poet  and  liter- 
ary critic,  22  8891;  Fiske,  historian  and  philosophical  writer,  14  5777;  James, 
novelist  and  essayist,  20  8071. 

Second  Week. —  O'Reilly,  poet  and  journalist,  27  10857;  Mrs.  Phelps 
Ward,  novelist.  38  15623;  Cable,  novelist  7  3017;  Gilder,  poet  and  editor,  16 
6347;  Julian  Hawthorne,  novelist,  17  7041;  Hardy,  novelist,  17  6925;  Woolson, 
novelist,  39  16165 ;  Harris,  author  of  negro  stories.  17  6961;  Rhodes,  historian, 
31  12206;  Mrs.  Burnett,  novelist,  7  2809;  Janvier,  novelist,  20  8117;  Jewett, 
story  writer,   2  i   8269 ;  Allen,  novelist,   i  409. 

Third  Week. —  Sloane,  historical  writer,  43  496;  Lanman,  eminent  Orien- 
talist, 43  326;  Lodge,  statesman  and  historical  writer,  43  347;  Murfree,  novel- 


TOPICS  AND   CHIEF   LINES  OF   INTEREST  dlxv 

ist,  26  10453:  Eugene  Field,  poet  and  journalist,  14  5687;  Hearn.  author  of 
travels,  18  7131 :  McMaster.  historian.  24  9503;  Riley,  popular  Western  poet, 
31    12265;  Van  Dyke,  preacher,  poet,  and  essayist,   37   15237. 

Fourth  Week. —  Ely,  political  economist,  42  169;  Crawford,  novelist,  10 
4151;  Page,  author  of  fine  tales  and  sketches,  28  10937;  Thomas,  poetess,  37 
14845;  Bunner.  poet  and  essayist.  7  2731:  Woodberry,  poet  and  essayist,  39 
16145;  Wilkins,  story  writer.  39  15983;  Waldstein,  notable  art  writer,  43  556^ 
Frederic,  novelist    15   5971. 

JUNE 

AMERICAN  LITERATURE— Concluded 

First  Week. —  Wilson,  historical  writer.  39  16047;  Mrs.  Stuart,  story 
writer,  35  14119;  Mrs.  Deland.  novelist.  42  137,  Miss  King,  historical  writer, 
2 1  8573 ;  Roosevelt,  historical  writer,  3 1  12384 ;  Fuller,  novelist  1 5  6101  ; 
Wharton,  humorous  story  writer,  39  15819;  Wister.  story  writer.  39  16101; 
Thanet,  story  writer,  37  14733;  Garland  novelist  15  6195;  Carman,  poet,  8 
3302;  Slosson,  story  writer,  34  13487. 

HEBREW-CHRISTIAN— JEWISH    LITERATURE 

Second  Week. —  Hebrew-Christian  Literature. —  The  Old  Testament.  27 
10775-818;  the  ^Apocrypha.*  27  10809-18;  The  New  Testament,  27  10565-96: 
the   < Talmud, >  36    14453;   44    22. 

Jewish  Literature  —  Philo  Judaeus,  Jewish  philosopher  at  Alexandria  in 
the  time  of  Christ,  4  3  428 ;  Josephus  a  Roman-Greek  Jew  of  the  last  half  of 
the  first  century,  21   8361-84;  the  Kabbalah,  or  Jewish  Theosophy.  ai   8425-42. 

BULGARIAN— ROUMANIAN— MORAVIAN— SERVIAN 

LITERATURE 

Third  Week. —  Bulgarian  Literature. —  Boteff  and  Vazoff,  patriot  poets 
38  15265-86. 

Roumanian  Literature,  —  Carmen  Sylva    36  14329-36. 

Moravian  Literature, —  Comenius.  great  educational  reformer,  10  3909-22. 

Servian  Literature. —  Karadzic,  famous  modern  founder.  43  297.  Milicevic 
geographical  and  historical  writer,  and  novelist,  43  382;  Jovanovic,  eminent 
journalist,  poet,  and  humorist.  42  293. 

TURKISH  — ARMENIAN    LITERATURE 

Fourth  Week. —  Turkish  Literature.  —  Mesihi,  renowned  poet,  43  380: 
Baki,  greatest  of  Turkish  lyric  poets.  42  38.  Lami'i,  author  of  epics  and  of 
translations,  43  323.  Ibrahim  of  Aleppo,  famous  writer  on  Turkish  law,  42 
282;  Ziver  Pasha,  a  popular  Turkish  poet,  43  597. 

Armenian  Literature, —  Emine,  Armenian  scholar,  translator  into  Russian, 
and  author  of  great  < History  of  Armenia,)  42  169;  Ambroise  Calfa,  a  French- 
Armenian  writer,  42  89;  Corene  Calfa,  popular  poet,  42  89. 


^ 


